MQFL-28VE-2R5S [SYNQOR]
HIGH RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER; 高可靠性DC-DC转换器
| 型号： | MQFL-28VE-2R5S |
| 厂家： | 
SYNQOR WORLDWIDE HEADQUARTERS |
| 描述： | HIGH RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER |
| 文件： | 总19页 (文件大小：1207K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Single Output
HI G H RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER
16-70V
5.5-80V
2.5V
40A
87% @ / 86% @ 40A
Continuous Input
Transient Input
Output
Output
Ecy
FU L L PO W E R OP E R A T I O N : -55ºC TO +1ºC
®
The MilQor series of high-reliability DC/DC converters
brings SynQor’s field proven high-efficiency synchronous
rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry.
SynQor’s innovative QorSeal™ packaging approach
ensures survivability in the most hostile environments.
Compatible with the industry standard format, these
converters operate at a fixed frequency, have
no opto-isolators, and follow conservative com
derating guidelines. They are designed and manufactured
to comply with a wide range of military standards.
-HB
VER
ꢀ
MVE-2R5
@
ut
DC/
28Vin
Meets all -704 and -1275B under-volnsients
Design Process
MQFL series converters are:
• Designed for reliability per -P3641-A guidenes
F
D & MA N U F A C T U R E D IN T H E USA
E A G O R -REL S S E M B L Y
EAL™ H
Q
S
I
A
• Designed with components der
— MIL-HDBK-1547A
Featurs
— NAVSO P-364
Fixed switching frequency
• No opto-isolators
• Parallel operation with current share
• Remote sense
• Clock synchronization
• Primary and secondary referenced enable
Qualificatiocess
MQFL series converters alified to:
• MILF
— coith RTCAD0-160E
• SynQor’s FirQualification
• Continuous short circuit and overload protection
• Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown
— consistet wIL-STD-8
• SynQor’s ong-Term Storage Suility Qation
• SynQor’s ogoing life te
Specification Compliance
In-Line Manuuring Process
MQFL series converters (with MQME filter) are designed to meet:
• MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F)
• RTCA/DO-160E Section 16
• MIL-STD-1275B
• AS9100 and O 90010 certifd facility
• Full componenability
• Tempecycli
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5
• MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E)
• RTCA/DO-160E Section 22
• Constant ration
• 24, 96, 160 urn-in
• Three level tempee screening
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 1
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
BLOCK DIAGRAM
BOOST
REGULATION STAGE
ISOLATI
CONVERTER
SWITCHES
AND
7
+Vout
CURRENT
SENSE
1
+Vin
CONTROL
2
8
INPUT
RETURN
OUTPT
URN
CASE
GATE DRIVERS
GATDRIVER
3
STABILITY
CURRENT
LMIT
12
UVLO
ENABLE 2
4
MAGNE
ENABLE 1
11
PRIMARY
CONTROL
RY
C
SHARE
5
SYNC OUT
DAT
10
+ SENSE
6
SYNC IN
9
SENSE
IAS POWER
CONTROL
POWER
TN
TYPICAL CONTION DIAGRAM
1
12
11
10
9
ENA 2
open
means
on
al bulk capr
2
4
5
6
IN RTN
SHARE
+ SNS
STABILITY
ENA 1
+
-
MQFL
RSTABILTY
ITY
+
-
Load
28 Vdc
- SNS
open
means
o
8
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
OUT RTN
+VOUT
7
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 2
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
MQFL-28VE-2R5S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions
Group A
Subgroup
Vin=28V dc ±5%, Iout=40A, CL=0µF, free running (see Note 10)
boost-converter non-operational unless otherwise ed
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
100
100
-0.8
-1.2
V
V
V
V
Operating
See Note 1
Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125ºC)
Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55ºC)
Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O)
Continuous
-500
-800
-55
500
800
135
135
300
50
V
V
°C
°C
°C
V
Transient (≤100µs)
Operating Case Temperature
Storage Case Temperature
Lead Temperature (20s)
See Note 2
-65
Voltage at ENA1, ENA2
-1.2
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
"
16
28
28
70
80
V
V
Cnuous
1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6
5.5
Tt, 1s; see Uner-Voltage Trasient
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Lockout Voltage Hysteresis
Input Over-Voltage Shutdown
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis
Maximum Input Current
S
14.75 15.50 16.00
13.80 14.40 15.00
0.50
V
V
1, 23
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1.10
1.80
See Note 15
90.0
82.0
3.0
95.0
86.0
9.0
90.0
15.0
8
160
5
V
A
mA
mA
mA
mA
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Vin = 16V; Iout
No Load Input Current (operating)
Disabled Input Current (ENA1)
Disabled Input Current (ENA2)
Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk)
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25ºC)
Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature
Output Voltage Line Regulation
Output Voltage Load Regulation
Total Output Voltage Range
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to P
Operating Output Current Range
Operating Output Power Ran
Output DC Current-Limit Incepti
Short Circuit Output Cur
Back-Drive Current LiEnable
Back-Drive Current Limisabled
Maximum Output Capacita
DYNAMIC CHARACTERIST
Output Voltviation Load T
For a Ponge in Load nt
For a Neg. Sin Load Crrent
Settling Time (ei
Output Voltage Deviatansient
For a Pos. SteChnge ine Voltag
For a Neg. Step Change in Line Voltage
Settling Time (eiter case)
Turn-On Transient
80
Vin = 16V, 2870V
Vin = 16V, 28V, 0V
Bandwth = 100kHz – 10e Figure 14
2.47
2.46
-20
7
2.5
2.50
0
12
2.50
15
2.53
2.54
20
V
V
mV
mV
V
V
A
A
Vout at ads
1
2, 3
"
" ; Vin = 16V; Iout=40A
" ; Vout @ (Iut- Vout @ (Iout=40A)
"
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
7
.45
2.55
60
Bandwidth = 10MHz; CL=11µF
0
41
41
40
10
46
47
13
10
ee Note 4
≤ 1.2V
50
10,000
A
See Note 6
-450
30
200
mV
V
µs
Total Iout step = 20A‹-›40A, 4A‹-›20A; CL=11µF
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
50
"
See Note 7
Vin step = 16V‹-›50V; CL=11µF; see Note 8
-25
250
2
250
500
mV
mV
µs
"
"
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
See Note 7
Output Voltage Rise Time
Output Voltage Overshoot
Turn-On Delay, Rising V
6
0
5.5
3.0
1.5
10
25
8.0
6.0
3.0
ms
%
ms
ms
ms
Vout = 0.25V-›2.25V
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
ENA1, ENA2 = 5V; see Notes 9 & 12
ENA2 = 5V; see Note 12
ENA1 = 5V; see Note 12
Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA
Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA2
EFFICIENCY
Iout = 40A (16Vin)
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
86
88
86
87
85
86
83
19
20
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
W
W
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Iout = 20A (1
Iout = 40A (28
Iout = 20A (28Vi
Iout = 40A (40Vin)
Iout = 20A (40Vin)
Iout = 40A (70Vin)
Load Fault Power Dissipatio
Short Circuit Power Dissipation
34
34
Iout at current limit inception point; See Note 4
Vout ≤ 1.2V
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 3
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
MQFL-28VE-2R5S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions
Group A
Subgroup
Vin=28V dc ±5%, Iout=40A, CL=0µF, free e 10)
boost-converter non-operational unless herwise
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Isolation Voltage
Input RTN to Output RTN
Any Input Pin to Case
Dielectric strength
500
500
500
100
100
V
V
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any Output Pin to Case
Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn)
Isolation Resistance (any pin to case)
Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn)
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency (free running)
Synchronization Input
V
MΩ
MΩ
nF
44
500
550
600
600
kHz
2, 3
Frequency Range
500
2.0
-0.5
20
kHz
V
V
%
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Logic Level High
Logic Level Low
0.8
80
Duty Cycle
See Note 5
Synchronization Output
Pull Down Current
Duty Cycle
20
25
m
%
VSY0.8V
Output to SYNC of othL unit
See Note 5
See Note 5
75
Enable Control (ENA1 and ENA2)
Off-State Voltage
Module Off Pulldown Current
On-State Voltage
Module On Pin Leakage Current
Pull-Up Voltage
V
µA
V
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
80
2
nt drain requirto ensuule is off
20
4.5
Imax draw from llowed with mtill on
See Figure A
3.2
.0
BOOST-CONVERTER OPERATION
Input Voltage Arming Value
Switching Frequency
Input Terminal Current Ripple (RMS)
Total Converter Efficiency
Iout = 15A (10Vin)
17.5
600
67
1
.8
V
kHz
A
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Vin ; Iout = 40A
8
85
85
%
%
%
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Iout = 15A (16Vin)
Iout = 30A (16Vin)
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTI
Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F2)
GB @ Tcase = 70ºC
2200
390
TBD
Hrs.
AIF @ Tcase = 70ºC
s.
Demonstrated MTBF
10
WEIGHT CHARACTESTICS
Device Weight
79
g
Electrical Characteristi
1. Converter will undergo r-voltahutdown.
2. Derate output power to 5ed per at Tcas35ºC (see Figu
3. High or loate of input vost persist for 0µs to be acted y the lockout or shutdown circuitry.
4. Current tion is define point where tht voltage has dopped to 90% of its nominal value.
5. Parameter but guarand to the limit specifie
6. Load current te ≥ 10µs.
7. Settling timmeasart of transient tpoint wheutput voltage has returned to ±50mV of its final value.
8. Line voltage ransiton ≥ 100µs.
9. Input voltage se time ≤ 250µs.
10. Operating the onverter at a synhronizquence the free running frequency will cause the converter’s efficiency to be slightly reduced
and it may also causlight reducon in the m outcurrent/power available. For more information consult the factory.
11. SHARE pin outpts a power failure warning ping fault condition. See Current Share section of the Control Features description.
12. After a disable or fault evt, module s inhibiteestarting for 300ms. See Shut Down section of the Control Features description.
13. Only the ES and HB groducts are tested at te temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the
Construction and Environmess Screenig Options table for details.
14. These derating curves apple ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100ºC.
15. Input Over Voltutdown un at nload, full load is beyond derating condition and could cause damage at 125ºC.
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 4
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
Under-Voltage Transient Profile
Boost-Converter is armed when Vin
exceeds this value
V
ARM (~18 V)
Boost-Converter Operational Area
dV 0.1V
VIN
dt
µs
5.5 V
0
1.5
15
Time (s)
Under-Voltage Transient Profig when the bot-converter is guaranteed to berational. The boost-converter must
first be armed by having V > VARMunder-voltage trsient can occur after a delay equal to four times the duration
IN
of the previous transient if he boost-conis rearmed.
Note:
This Undeoltage Transfile is designcomply (with ropiate margins) with all initial-engagement surges, start-
ing or cratage trants and under-volurges ecified in:
• MIL-ST(A through F)
• RTA/DO-10E
• MIL-STD-1275B
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5 (opal portions)
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 5
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
TBD
TBD
Figufficiency at nminal output vltage % rated power
vs. caature for put voltage 6V, 28VV.
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at Tcase=25°C.
TBD
: Power dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated
powase temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, and 40V.
Figure 3: Power dissin at notput voltage vs. load c
for minimum, nominaaximum voltage at Tcase=25°C
TBD
TBD
Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit
curves.
Figure 5: Output COutput Power derating curve as a function
of Tcase and the Maxisired power MOSFET junction temperature
at Vin = 28V (see Note 14
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 6
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
TB
TBD
Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output
capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied.
Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (5V/div).
Figururn-on transient at full resistive lo10mF output
capacitiated by ENA1. Input vage prd.
Ch 1: VV/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (v).
TBD
0: Tun-on transient at full resistive load and zero output
capinitiated by Vin. ENA1 and ENA2 both previously high.
Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (10V/div).
Figure 9: Turn-on trant at fulload and zero outp
capacitance initiate2. Inpe pre-applied.
Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div)NA2 (v).
TBD
TBD
Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 0%-
50%-0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µF ceramic cap and 10µF, 100mΩ
ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Figure 11: Output response to step-change in load current 50%
100%-50% of Iout (mad cap: 1µF ceramic cap and 10µF,
100mΩESR tantalum cap
Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 7
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
See Fig. 16
See Fig. 15
iC
MQME
Filter
FL
Cr
TBD
VOUT
10µF,
VSOURCE
1µF
ceramic
100m
ESR
W
captor
or
Figure 13: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage
(16V - 50V - 16V). Load cap: 10µF, 100mΩ ESR tantalum cap and 1µF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (20V/div).
FiguTest set-up digram showing measpoints for Input
Termile Current Figure 15) anOutput Ripple
(Figure
TBD
6: Ouput voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and
rated urrent (20mV/div). Load capacitance: 1μ F ceramic capacitor
and 10μF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10MHz. See Figure 14.
Figure 15: Input termicurrent , at full rated outpu
current and nominatage wQor MQ filter module
(50mA/div). BandwidthSee Fe 14.
TBD
TBD
Figure 18: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor
MQFL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div).
Figure 17: Rise of ooltage after the removal of a short circuit
across the output termi
Ch 1: Vout (500mV/div). 2: Iout (20A/div).
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 8
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
TBD
TB
Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance
(Zout = vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage
at full rated power.
FigurMagnitude of ncremental forward ssion
(FT = for minimm, nominal, d maximut voltge at
ull rate
TBD
Figure 21: Magnitude cremese transmission
(RT = iin/iout) for mominamaximum input voltage
at full rated power.
F2: Magnitude of incremental input impedance
(Zin = in) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage
t full rated power.
TBD
TBD
Figure 23: High frconducted emissions of standalone MQFL-
28-05S, 5Vout module W output, as measured with Method CE102.
Limit line shown is the ‘BCurve’for all applications with a 28V
source.
Figure 24: High frequency conducted emissions of MQFL-28-05S, 5Vout
module at 120W output with MQFL-28-P filter, as measured with Method
CE102. Limit line shown is the ‘Basic Curve’for all applications with a
28V source.
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 9
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
The MQFL converter’s control circuit does not implement an output
over-voltage limit or an over-temperature shutdown.
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The MQFL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion
topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that
keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load,
and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transform-
ers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage
transformation to achieve the output voltage required.
The following sections describe the uoperation of addi-
tional control features provided the Mverter.
UNDER-VOLTAGE TRAENT
The MQFL-28VE seres of DC/DC convcorporate a special
“boost-converter” that ermits the nverters to deliver full
power through tranhere its iut voltage falls to as low as
5.5V. Normly, the nvertes non-opeand the
converter’s input voltage sed directly to its
stage ee the Block DiagraWhen an under-voltage tran
occure boost-converter bcomes operl, and it steps-up
the inage to a vaue greater tn 16t the nominal
utput van be sstained.
In the MQFL-28VE series of converters the regulation stage is
preceeded by a boost-converter that permits these converters
to operate through various Military and Aircraft under-voltage
transients. Further discussion of this feature can be found later in
these notes.
Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed
frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage
switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due
to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its
switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the outp
the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of about 5
kHz in the free-running mode.
It is important tnote that boost-er stamust first
e “armed” before it can me opel. This “arming”
n the converts inpuge exceeds approximately
18V. Thboost-conter then beoperational whenever
the input voltage dbelow the arvoltage, and it will
remain operatiol as as the inpuvoltage remains within
thregion shown n the -Voltage Transient Profile Page.
If the inpuoltage drops bis transient profile, the boost-
converter s not guaranteto continue operating (it may,
but it will prof from excessive stresses). Once the boost-
coverter stops opthe converter’s input voltage will be
reconnected directly to e input of the pre-regulator stage. The
output voltage will therefore collapse unless the input voltage is
6V, or greater.
Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is accoshed with
synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are Mith a
very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than woul
diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQFL conerters
such high efficiency, particularly at low outut voltages
Besides improving efficiency, the chronos rectifiers permit
operation down to zero load cuis no longer need
for a minimum load, as is typical for cot use diodes for
rectification. The synchronous rectifiers actuait a negative
load current to flow back intverter’s outputerminals he
load is a source of shor lonnergy. The MQFL
ers employ a “backrrent likeep this negative ou
terminal current small.
the boost-converter will not become re-armed for the
nexsient unless the input voltage once again exceeds
approximately 18V.
ransient profile shown on the Under-Voltage Transient Profile
pge is designed to comply (with appropriate margins) with all
initial-engagement surges, starting or cranking voltage transients,
and under-voltage surges specified in:
There is a col circuit on input and oudes of the
MQFL condetermines conduction state power
switches. Thesommunicate with other the
isolation barrer thrgnetically couplevice. N-
isolators are used.
• MIL-STD-704-8 (A through F)
• RTCA/DO-160E
• MIL-STD-1275B
A separate bias spply provideower tthe inand out-
put control circuitsAmong other things, thisuply permits
the converter to operate definitely into a shrcuit and to
avoid a hiccup mode, eder a tough start-ucondition.
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (Part 6)/5 (operational portions)
Any input voltage transient that fits within the Under-Voltage
Transient Profile can be repeated after a delay that is at least four
times longer than the duration of the previous transient.
An input under-voltage lockoure with ysteresis is provided,
as well as an inver-volthutdown. There is also
an output cnt limat is nerly constant as the load
impedance des to a short circuit (i.e., there is not fold-
back or fold-forwaracteristic to the output current under this
condition). When a ult is removed, the output voltage rises
exponentially to its nomalue without an overshoot.
During the time when the boost-converter stage is operational, the
converter’s efficiency is reduced and the input ripple current is
increased. The lower the input voltage, the more these parameters
are affected.
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 10
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
Usually the converter has an EMI filter upstream of it, and the
source voltage is connected to the input of this EMI filter. When,
during compliance testing, the source voltage goes low during
an under-voltage transient, the input to the converter will go even
lower. This is because the inductance of the EMI filter (as well
as the parasitic source inductance) will cause an oscillatory ring
with the bulk capacitor. With the bulk capacitor that is present
in an MQME-28 filter, the peak of this under-voltage ring may
be approximately 2 volts if the source voltage drops to 6V (it
will be smaller than this at a higher transient source voltage
due to the lower current drawn by the converter). As a result, it
is necessary to add extra bulk capacitor across the converter’s
input pins if the source voltage is going to drop to 6V, as it does
for MIL-STD-704(A) or MIL-STD 1275B. It is recommended that a
100µF/0.25W ESR capacitor be connected across the input pins
of the converter be used as a starting point. For MIL-STD-704(B-F),
where the source voltage drops to only 7V, a 47µF hold-up
capacitor would be a good starting point. The exact amount of
capacitance required depends on the application (source in
tance, load power, rate of fall of the source voltage, etc).
consult the factory if further assistance is required.
when the converter is inhibited through the ENA1 pin, the bias
supply is also turned off, whereas this supply remains on when
the converter is inhibited through tA2 pin. A higher input
standby current therefore results in the ase.
Both enable pins are interlled ho that an open
connection on both pins will the certer. Figure A
shows the equivalent circuit lookinitheenable pins. It is
TTL compatible.
6V
82K
1N4
PI
(or P
ENABLE
TO ENABLE
CIRCRY
2
25K
N3904
PIN
(or PIN 8)
IN
Because input system stability is harder to maintaas the input
voltage gets lower, the MQFL-28VE series convertsigned
to give external access to the voltage node between thn-
verter and the pre-regulator stages. This access, at th“STA
pin (pin 3), permits the user to add a bilizing buk capacit
with series resistance to this node. Since thvoltage at this node
stays above 16V, the amount of acitance required s much
less than would be required on rter’s input pinwhere
the voltage might drop as low as 5.5mmended that a
22µF capacitor with an ESR of about 1W ected between
the STABILITY pin and the ITURN pin (pi2). Withothis
special connection to e intere of the converter, F
stabilizing bulk cwould been required acros
converter’s input pins.
Fgure A: Equivalnt circing into either the ENA1 or ENA2
pins with spect to its correg return pin.
SHUT DOWMQFL converter will shut down in response
tonly four condNA1 input low, ENA2 input low, VIN
input below under-vole lockout threshold, or VIN input above
over-voltage shutdown threshold. Following a shutdown event,
there is a startunhibit delay which will prevent the converter
m restarting for approximately 300ms. After the 300ms delay
s, if thenable inputs are high and the input voltage is
witoperating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN
input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating
nge, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise
ording to the “Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin” specification.
Another antage of the Y pin is that ides a volt-
age sourys above 1hen the under-voansient
occurs. This vurce miht be user other ry in
the system.
REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to
correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the
converter’s output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate
conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10)
directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the
connection diagram. Similarly, the –SENSE pin (pin 9) should be
connected through a separate conductor to the return terminal of
the load.
CONTROL FEATURES
ENABLE: The MQFL conerter has two enans. Both must
have a logic high level he converter to be abled. A logic
low on either pin will inhiconverter.
NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired, the
+SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout (pin 7)
and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper regulation
of the converter’s output. If they are left open, the converter will
have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV higher than
its specified value. If only the +SENSE pin is left open, the output
voltage will be approximately 25mV too high.
The ENA1 pin (prefereith respect to the converter’s
input return (n 2). ENA2 n 12) is referenced with
respect to tverteoutput return (pin 8). This permits the
converter to be ted from either the input or the output side.
Regardless of whicis used to inhibit the converter, the
regulation and the isoon stages are turned off. However,
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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04/22/09
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MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a resistor
value from 100W to 301W, depending on output voltage, and
–SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a 10W resistor
Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN
pin. Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC
OUT pin.
5V
It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the
voltage across the converter’s output terminals (pins 7 and 8)
will be higher than the converter’s nominal output voltage due
to resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher volt-
age at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the
converter’s internal components and may cause the converter to
fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the
input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and
temperature range. Please consult the factory for details.
5K
TO SYNC
PIN 6
RCUITRY
N
N RTN
5K
PIN 2
SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQFL converter’s regulation and
isolation stage switching frequencies can be synchronized to an
external frequency source that is in the 500 kHz to 600 kHz
range. The boost-converter stage is free-running at about 670
kHz while it is operational, and is not affected by synchron-
tion signals. A pulse train at the desired frequency sho
applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the INPUT
RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the
20% to 80% range. Its low value should be bel0.8V to be
guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, ah value
should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be intes a
logic high. The transition time between the two states sh
less than 300ns.
FiguEquivalent ccuit looking into thIN pin with
respeIN RTN (iput return) p.
5
K
C OUT
FROM SYNC
CIRCUITRY
PIN 5
IN RTN
PIN 2
OPEN COL
OUTPU
If the MQFL converter is not to be schronized, the SYNC IN pin
should be left open circuit. The r will then opere in its
free-running mode at a frequency ately 550 kHz.
gure C: Equivait looking into SYNC OUT pin with
respct to the IN TN ut return) pin.
CURRENT SHAE: When several MQFL converters are placed
arallel to achieve either a higher total load power or N+1
ancy, their SHARE pins (pin 11) should be connected
togeThe voltage on this common SHARE node represents the
average current delivered by all of the paralleled converters. Each
nverter monitors this average value and adjusts itself so that its
tput current closely matches that of the average.
If, due to a fault, the SYpin is held er a logic low
or logic high state continue MQFL converter wilvert
to its free-running fency.
The MQFL converter s a SC OUT pi(pin 5). Th
output can be used to drSYNIN pins many as ten
(10) othL convertersulse train comiof SYNC
OUT has le of 50% nd a frequency thahes the
switching freque converter with h it is aed.
This frequency is free-rung frency if thero
synchronizatin signaat the SYNin, nchroniza-
tion frequency f there is.
Since the SHARE pin is monitored with respect to the OUTPUT
RETURN (pin 8) by each converter, it is important to connect all of
the converters’ OUTPUT RETURN pins together through a low DC
and AC impedance. When this is done correctly, the converters
will deliver their appropriate fraction of the total load current to
within +/- 10% at full rated load.
The SYNC OUT signal is available only wvoltage at the
STABILITY pin (pin 3) bove approximate2V and when
the converter is not inhthrough the ENA1 pin. An inhibit
through the ENA2 pin will rn the SNC OUT signal off.
Whether or not converters are paralleled, the voltage at the
SHARE pin could be used to monitor the approximate average
current delivered by the converter(s). A nominal voltage of 1.0V
represents zero current and a nominal voltage of 2.2V represents
the maximum rated current, with a linear relationship in between.
The internal source resistance of a converter’s SHARE pin signal is
2.5 kW. During an input voltage fault or primary disable event, the
SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse. The SHARE pin
will go to 3V for approximately 14ms as the output voltage falls.
NOTE: An MQFL cter that SYNC IN pin driven by
the SYNC pin osecond MQFL converter will have its
start of its swcycle delayed approximately 180 degrees
relative to that oecond converter.
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
NOTE: Converters operating from separate input filters with
reverse polarity protection (such as the MQME-28-T filter) with
their outputs connected in parallel may exhibit hiccup operation
at light loads. Consult factory for details.
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: If desired, it is possible to increase
the MQFL converter’s output voltage above its nominal value. To
do this, use the +SENSE pin (pin 10) for this trim function instead
of for its normal remote sense function, as shown in Figure D.
In this case, a resistor connects the +SENSE pin to the –SENSE
pin (which should still be connected to the output return, either
remotely or locally). The value of the trim resistor should be chosen
according to the following equation or from Figure E:
0.00
0.05
0.15
0.20
0.25
Increase in Vo
407.5
Rtrim =
Vout - Vnom - 0.025
where:
Figure ut Voltae Trim Grap
Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage,
Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), an
Rtrim is in Ohms.
NPUT UNDER-VOLTAGCKOUMQL converter
der-voltage locout fehat ensurhe converter will
be input voltage is too his lockout only appears
when the boost-cor is not operThe threshold of input
voltage at whiche er will turn os higher that the thresh-
oat which it wl turn addition, the MQFL converter will
not respond to a state of tht voltage unless it has remained
As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage
stress on the converter’s internal components and cause the
converter to fail to deliver the desired output voe low
end of the input voltage range at the higher end of thr-
rent and temperature range. Please consult the factoy for d
Factory trimmed converters are available y request.
in that r more than ab200µs. This hysteresis and the
delay ensuroperation when the source impedance is high
or in a noisy ennt.
INPUT OVER-VOLTGE SHUTDOWN: The MQFL converter
also has an overvoltage feature that ensures the converter will be
f if the input voge is too high. It also has a hysteresis and time
y to ensue proper operation.
12
IN
ENA 2
2
5
6
11
rnal bulk cacitor
RSTABILITY
ITN
SHARE
10
STABILITY
ENA 1
+SNS
+
28 Vdc
RTRIM
MQFL
9
-SNS
8
o
mea
on
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
OUT RTN
Load
7
+VOUT
CSTABILITY
+
Figure D: Typical connn for output voltage trimming.
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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Page 13
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
this limit is maintained. It has been SynQor’s extensive experi-
ence that reliable long-term converter operation can be achieved
with a maximum component temperature of 125ºC. In extreme
cases, a maximum temperature of 145ºC is permissible, but not
recommended for long-term operation where high reliability is
required. Derating curves for these higher temperature limits are
also included in Figure. The maximum case temperature at which
the converter should be operated is 135ºC.
BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs as
synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current
from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy.
This negative current is referred to as a “back-drive current”.
Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paral-
leled converters that do not employ current sharing, or where the
current share feature does not adequately ensure sharing during
the startup or shutdown transitions. It can also occur when con-
verters having different output voltages are connected together
through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally
off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some
loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even
a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period
of time during a shutdown transient.
When the converter is mounted on a metal plate, the plate will
help to make the converter’s case bottom a uniform temperature.
How well it does so depends on the thickness of the plate and
on the thermal conductance of the interface layer (e.g. thermal
grease, thermal pad, etc.) between the case and the plate. Unless
this is done very well, it is important not to mistake the plate’s
temperature for the maximum case temperature. It is easy for
them to be as much as 5-10ºC different at full power and at high
temperatures. It is suggested that a thermocouple be attached
directly to the converter’s case through a small hole in the plate
when investigating how hot the converter is getting. Care must
also be made to ensure that there is not a large thermal resistance
between the thermocouple and the case due to whatever adhesive
might be used to hold the thermocouple in place.
To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current,
the MQFL converters limit the negative current that the converter
can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this back-
drive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that the con-
verter may operate properly down to zero load, but its absolute
value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared
to the converter’s rated output current.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 5 shows the suggested
Power Derating Curves for this converter as a function of the
case temperature, input voltage and the maximum desired power
MOSFET junction temperature. All other components within the
converter are cooler than the hottest MOSFET.
INPUT SYSTEM INSTABILITY: This condition can occur
because any DC/DC converter appears incrementally as a
negative resistance load. A detailed application note titled
“Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website
which provides an understanding of why this instability arises,
and shows the preferred solution for correcting it.
The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for
a maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Power Derating
Curve figure; therefore has one power derating curve that ensures
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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04/22/09
Page 14
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS
ES-Grade
(-55 ºC to +125 ºC)
(Element Evaluation)
Grade
(-55 5 ºC)
Elemenion)
Consistent with
MIL-SꢁD-883F
C-Grade
(-40 ºC to +100 ºC)
Screening
Internal Visual
Yes
ꢀo
Yes
Yes
*
Condition
(-55 ºC to 125 ºC)
on C
(-65 0 ºC)
ꢁemperature Cycle
Method 1010
Constant
Acceleration
Method 2001
(Y1 Direction)
Conion A
(5000g)
ꢀo
50
Method 1015
Load Cycled
Burn-in
• 10s period
24 Hrs @ +125 ºC
96 Hrs @ +125 ºC
160 Hrs 125 ºC
• 2s @ 100% Load
• 8s @ 0% Load
Method 5005
(Group A)
Final Electrical ꢁest
+25 ºC
-0 ºC
Full QorSeal
-55, 125 ºC
QorSeal
Mechanical Seal,
ꢁhermal, and Coating
Process
Full QorSe
External Visual
2009
Ys
Yes
*
Construction Process
orSeal
QorSeal
* PeIPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class 3
MilQor converters and filters are offevariations of conuction technique and environmental stress screening options. The
three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all use r’s proprietary eal™ Hi-Rel assbly process that includes a Parylene-C coating
of the circuit, a high perforhermal compound filler, nd a narrier god plated aluminum case. Each successively higher
grade has more strint mecand electrical testinwell ager burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also con-
structed of compont have procured through an nt evaluaprocess that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices.
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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www.synqor.com
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04/22/09
Page 15
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
0.093
[2.36]
0.250 [6
+VIN
ENA 2
1
12
IN RTN
SHARE
2
11
1.50 [38.10]
5.08]
T-CUM
MQFL-28VE-2R5S-X-HB
DC/DC CONVERTER
STABILITY
+SNS
-SNS
3
4
5
6
10 1.260
28Vin 2.5Vout @ 40A
[32.00]
ENA 1
9
8
7
MADE IN USA
OUT RTN
+VOUT
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
0.040 [1.02]
S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10
PIN
2.50 [63.50]
2.76 [70.10]
3.00 [76.20]
0.050 [1.27]
0.20 [5.5
028 [3.25]
2.96 [75.2]
0.228 [
0 [9.91]
se X
0.093
[2.36]
0.250
+VIN
1
2
11
0.200 [5.08]
TYP. NON-CUM.
IN RTN
STABILITY
SHAE
2
3
4
5
6
1.5
MQFL-28VE-25S-U-H
DC/DC CONVER
+SNS
10 1.260
[00]
28Vin 2.5Vou
ENA 1
9
OUT RTN
+VOUT
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
E IN USA
0.040 [1.02]
PIN
S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-30
0.42
[10.7]
50]
2.70]
3.00 [70]
0.050 [1.27]
0.220 [5.59]
0.25]
[71.1]
Case U
0.390 [9.91]
NOTES
PIN DESIGNATIONS
1)
2)
Pins 0.040” (1.02mm) meter
Pin Function
1 Positive input
2 Input return
3 Stability
Pin Function
7 Positive output
8 Output return
9 - Sense
Pins Material: Copper
Finish: Gold over Nickel
3)
All dimensiones (mmnces: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx +/-010 in+/-0.2
4)
5)
6)
Weigh78.5 typical
4 Enable 1
10 + Sense
Workmanshis or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III
Print Labeling on rface per Product Label Format Drawing
5 Sync output
6 Sync input
11 Share
12 Enable 2
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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www.synqor.com
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04/22/09
Page 16
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
0.300 [7.62]
0.140 [3.56]
1.15 [29.21]
0.250 [6.35]
TYP
0.250 [6.35]
1
2
3
4
5
6
+VIN
12
ENA 2
200 [5.
NON-C
2.00
[50.80]
IN RTN
STABILITY
SHARE
+SNS
11
10
9
MQFL-28VE-2R5S-Y-HB
DC/DC CONVERTER
1.50
[38.10]
-SNS
28Vin 2.5Vout @ 40A
ENA 1
OUT RTN
+VOUT
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
MADE IN USA
8
1.750
[44.45]
S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10
7
0.040 [1.0
PIN
0.050 [
0.220
1.750 [44.45]
2.50 [63.50]
0.375 [9.52]
2.96 [75.2]
0.228 [5.79]
Case Y
se Z
(varY)
Case W
(variant of Y)
0.26.35]
0.250 [6.35]
0.200 [5.08]
0.200 [5.08]
TYP. NON-CUM.
TYP. NON-CUM.
0.040 [1.0]
PIN
0.040 [1.02]
PIN
0.420 [10.7]
0.050 [1.27]
0.220 [5.59]
0.220 [5.59]
[1.27]
0.36 [9.2]
2.80 [71.1]
0.390
[9.91]
0.525 [13.33]
0.390
[9.91]
[13.33
2.80 [71.1]
PIN DESIGNATIONS
NOTES
1)
Pins 0.040” (1.02mm) di
Pin Function
Pin Function
2)
Pins Material: r
1 Positive input
2 Input return
3 Stability
4 Enable 1
5 Sync output
6 Sync input
7 Positive output
8 Output return
9 - Sense
10 + Sense
11 Share
Finish: Gold oveplate
All dimes in in(mm) Toleces: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx +n. (xx +/-0.25mm)
Weight: 2.8 5 g) typical
Workmanship: r exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III
Print Labeling on Tce per Product Label Format Drawing
3)
4)
5)
6)
12 Enable 2
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
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www.synqor.com
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04/22/09
Page 17
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
MilQor Converter FAMILY MATRIX
The tables below show the array of MQFL converters available. When ordering SynQor convertere ensure that you use
the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for other quire
Single Output
Dutput †
28V
1.5V
1.8V
2.5V
3.3V
5V
6V
7.5V
9V
12V
(12S)
1
15S)
V
V
(2D)
±15V
(15D)
Full Size
(1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S) (05S)
(06S) (7R5S) (09S)
(28S)
MQFL-28
16-40Vin Cont.
Tal
10A
Total
8A
Toal
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
30A
30A
30A
30A
30A
24A
24A
20A
20A
24A
20A
20A
17A
1
20A
16A
16A
13A
13A
16A
13A
13A
11A
10
1
8A
A
8
A
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFL-28E
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
24A
Total
Total
MQFL-28V
16-40Vin Cont.
5.5-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
20
Total
65A
Tot
6.A
6.5A
8A
3.3A
4A
MQFL-28VE
16-70Vin Cont.
5.5-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 100V
8A
Total
6.5A
Total
MQFL-270
155-400Vin Cont.
155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
24A
l
10A
Total
8A
Total
10A
Single Ouput
Dual Output †
1.5V
1.8V
2.5V
3.3V
V
7.5
9V
12V
(12S)
15V
(15S)
±5V
(05D)
±12V
(12D)
±15V
(15D)
Half Size
(1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S) (05
(7R5S) (09S
MQHL-28 (50W)
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
10A
Total
4A
Total
3.3A
Total
20A
20A
20A
20
20A
15A
15A
A
10A
8A
8A
6.6A
6.6A
5.5A
5.5A
A
3.3A
3A
1.8A
1.8A
MQHL-28E (50W)
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
10A
Total
4A
Total
3.3A
Total
MQHR-28 (25W)
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
5A
Total
2A
Total
1.65A
Total
10A
10A
10A
0A
7.5A
7.5A
5A
5A
A
4A
A
2.75A
2.75A
2A
2A
1.65A
1.65A
0.9A
0.9A
MQHR-28E (25W)
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max =100V
5A
Total
2A
Total
1.65A
Total
Check wfor availabil
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 18
MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Output:
Current:
ꢁechnical Specification
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below.
Output Voltage(s)
Input
Model
ꢀame
Package Outline/
Pin Configuration
ning
Voltage
Range
Single
Output
Dual
Output
1R5S
1R8S
2R5S
3R3S
05S
06S
7R5S
09S
28
28E
28V
28VE
U
X
Z
C
ES
MQFL
MQHL
MQHR
05D
12D
15D
270
12S
15S
28S
Example:
L-28VE-2R5S–Y–ES
APPLICATION NOTES
A variety of application notes ahnical white paps can be dowloaded in pdf ft from the SynQor website.
PATENTS
SynQor holds the g patene or more of which apply to this product:
5,999,417
6,927,9
6,222,7
7,050,309
6,54,890
72,190
7,109
7146
6,59
7,11524
6,731,520
7,269,034
6,894,468
7,272,021
6,896,526
7,272,023
Contact SynQor for further ination:
Phone:
78-849-0600
Warranty
SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty
information is listed on our website or is available upon request from
SynQor.
Toll Free: 567-9596
Fax:
979-0602
Email:
:
mqnb@synqor.com
www.synqor.com
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of SynQor.
Ad: 155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Product # MQFL-28VE-2R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005216 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 19
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