MQFL-28VE-7R5S [SYNQOR]
HIGH RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER; 高可靠性DC-DC转换器
| 型号： | MQFL-28VE-7R5S |
| 厂家： | 
SYNQOR WORLDWIDE HEADQUARTERS |
| 描述： | HIGH RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER |
| 文件： | 总19页 (文件大小：1203K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Single Output
HI G H RELIABILITY DC-DC CONVERTER
16-70V
5.5-80V
7.5V
13A
89% @ 6.89% @ 13A
Continuous Input
Transient Input
Output
Output
Effic
FU L L PO W E R OP E R A T I O N : -55ºC TO +12
®
The MilQor series of high-reliability DC/DC converters
brings SynQor’s field proven high-efficiency synchronous
rectifier technology to the Military/Aerospace industry.
SynQor’s innovative QorSeal™ packaging approach
ensures survivability in the most hostile environments.
Compatible with the industry standard format, these
converters operate at a fixed frequency, have
no opto-isolators, and follow conservative comp
derating guidelines. They are designed and manufactured
to comply with a wide range of military standards.
HB
ER
13A
ꢁ
R
MQFLR5S-Y
C/DC
2in
7.
Meets all -704 and -1275B under-voltagnts
Design Process
MQFL series converters are:
• Designed for reliability per N41-A guidelins
D
F
ESIMA N U F A C T U R E D IN T H E USA
E A T U R IO R -REL S S E M B L Y
EAL™ H
Q
S
I
A
• Designed with components derated
— MIL-HDBK-1547A
Features
— NAVSO P-3641A
d switching frequency
• No opto-isolators
• Parallel operation with current share
Remote sense
• Clock synchronization
• Primary and secondary referenced enable
Qualification ss
MQFL sericonverters aried to:
• MIL-ST
— consisRTCA/D0-160E
• SynQor’s First Alification
• Continuous short circuit and overload protection
• Input under-voltage lockout/over-voltage shutdown
— consisent with -STD-883
• SynQor’s Long-Term Storage SurvivQualon
• SynQor’s on-gg life test
Specification Compliance
In-Line Manufang Process
MQFL series converters (with MQME filter) are designed to meet:
• MIL-HDBK-704-8 (A through F)
• RTCA/DO-160E Section 16
• MIL-STD-1275B
• AS9100 and I001:20rtified facility
• Full compoent traility
• Temperatuling
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5
• MIL-STD-461 (C, D, E)
• RTCA/DO-160E Section 22
• Constant acceon
• 24, 96, 160 hou-in
• Three level temperatscreening
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 1
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
BLOCK DIAGRAM
BOOST
REGULATION STAGE
ISOLAE
CONVERTER
SWITCHES
AND
7
+Vout
CURRENT
SENSE
1
+Vin
CONTROL
2
8
INPUT
RETURN
OTPUT
RETURN
CASE
GATE DRIVERS
GE DRI
3
STABILITY
CURRENT
LIMIT
12
UVLO
ENABLE 2
4
MAGTIC
ENABLE 1
11
PRIMARY
CONTROL
NDARY
OL
SHARE
5
SYNC OUT
LING
10
+ SENSE
6
SYNC IN
9
SENSE
BIAS POWER
CONTRO
POWER
ER
TYPICAL COCTIODIAGRAM
12
11
10
9
IN
ENA 2
open
means
on
rnal bulk ccitor
2
4
5
6
IRTN
SHARE
+ SNS
STABILITY
ENA 1
+
-
MQFL
RSTABILITY
ABILITY
+
-
Load
28 Vdc
- SNS
open
means
on
8
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
OUT RTN
+VOUT
7
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 2
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
MQFL-28VE-7R5S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions
Group A
Subgroup
Vin=28V dc ±5%, Iout=13A, CL=0µF, free running (see Note 10)
boost-converter non-operational unless otified
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Input Voltage
Non-Operating
100
100
-0.8
-1.2
V
V
V
V
Operating
See Note 1
See Note 2
Reverse Bias (Tcase = 125ºC)
Reverse Bias (Tcase = -55ºC)
Isolation Voltage (I/O to case, I to O)
Continuous
-500
-800
-55
500
800
135
135
300
50
V
V
°C
°C
°C
V
Transient (≤100µs)
Operating Case Temperature
Storage Case Temperature
Lead Temperature (20s)
-65
Voltage at ENA1, ENA2
-1.2
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
"
16
28
28
70
80
V
V
ntinuous
1, 2, 3
4, 5, 6
5.5
sient, 1s; see Under-Voltage ransiee
Input Under-Voltage Lockout
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Lockout Voltage Hysteresis
Input Over-Voltage Shutdown
Turn-Off Voltage Threshold
Turn-On Voltage Threshold
Shutdown Voltage Hysteresis
Maximum Input Current
te 3
14.75 15.50 16.00
13.80 14.40 15.00
0.50
V
V
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1.10
0
See Note 15
90.0
82.0
3.0
95.0
86.0
9.0
90.0
15.
7.5
160
5
V
A
mA
mA
mA
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Vin = 16V; I3A
No Load Input Current (operating)
Disabled Input Current (ENA1)
Disabled Input Current (ENA2)
Input Terminal Current Ripple (pk-pk)
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Output Voltage Set Point (Tcase = 25ºC)
Output Voltage Set Point Over Temperature
Output Voltage Line Regulation
Output Voltage Load Regulation
Total Output Voltage Range
Output Voltage Ripple and Noise Peak to
Operating Output Current Range
Operating Output Power
Output DC Current-Liit Ince
Short Circuit Outpuent
Back-Drive Curreile Ena
Back-Drive Current LiDisabl
Maximum Output Capac
DYNAMICHARACTER
Output Deviation Loant
For a hange in Lourrent
For a Negge in Lod Current
Settling Time )
Output Voltge Dee Transien
For a Pos. tep Chanin Line Vo
For a Neg. Sep Change in Line Volta
Settling Time either case)
Turn-On Transien
10
80
Vin = 16V, 8V, 7
Vin = 16V, 28V, 70V
Bawidth = 100kHz – see Figure 14
0
7.42
7.40
-20
25
7.35
7.50
750
0
35
7.50
20
7
7.60
20
V
V
mV
V
mV
A
A
Vouleads
1
2, 3
"
" ; Vin = 70V; Iout=13A
" ; Vout @ (I0A) - Vout @ (Iout=13A)
"
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
45
7.65
40
Bandwidth = 10MHz; CL=11µF
13.5
13.5
13
100
6.5
15
15.5
4
See Noe 4
out ≤ 1.2V
10
5,00
mA
F
See Note 6
-550
10
mV
mV
µs
Total Iout step = 6.5A‹-›13A, 1.3A‹-›6.5A; CL=11µF
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
550
50
"
See Note 7
Vin step = 16V‹-›50V; CL=11µF; see Note 8
-50
500
500
500
mV
mV
µs
"
"
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
0
See Note 7
Output Voltage Rise Tim
Output Voltage Overs
Turn-On Delay, Risin
6
0
5.5
3.0
1.5
10
2
8.0
6.0
3.0
ms
%
ms
ms
ms
Vout = 0.75V-›6.75V
4, 5, 6
See Note 5
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
4, 5, 6
ENA1, ENA2 = 5V; see Notes 9 & 12
ENA2 = 5V; see Note 12
ENA1 = 5V; see Note 12
Turn-On Delay, Rising E
Turn-On Delay, Rising ENA
EFFICIENCY
Iout = 13A (6Vin)
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
89
90
89
89
88
88
86
14
16
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
W
W
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Iout = 6.5in)
Iout = 13A
Iout = 6.5A (2
Iout = 13A (40Vi
Iout = 6.5A (40Vin)
Iout = 13A (70Vin)
Load Fault Power Dissipon
Short Circuit Power Dissipation
24
24
Iout at current limit inception point; See Note 4
Vout ≤ 1.2V
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 3
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
MQFL-28VE-7R5S ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Continued)
Parameter
Min. Typ. Max. Units Notes & Conditions
Group A
Subgroup
Vin=28V dc ±5%, Iout=13A, CL=0µF, free running (see Note 10)
boost-converter non-operational unless ified
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
Isolation Voltage
Input RTN to Output RTN
Any Input Pin to Case
Dielectric strength
500
500
500
100
100
V
V
1
1
1
1
1
1
Any Output Pin to Case
Isolation Resistance (in rtn to out rtn)
Isolation Resistance (any pin to case)
Isolation Capacitance (in rtn to out rtn)
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency (free running)
Synchronization Input
V
MΩ
MΩ
nF
44
500
550
600
kHz
1, 2, 3
Frequency Range
500
2.0
-0.5
20
600
10
0.8
80
kHz
V
V
%
3
1,
Logic Level High
Logic Level Low
Duty Cycle
See Note 5
Synchronization Output
Pull Down Current
Duty Cycle
20
25
mA
%
OUT = 0.V
nnecteto SYNC IN or MQFL
SNote 5
See Note 5
75
Enable Control (ENA1 and ENA2)
Off-State Voltage
Module Off Pulldown Current
On-State Voltage
Module On Pin Leakage Current
Pull-Up Voltage
V
V
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
See Note 5
1, 2, 3
80
2
Current drain required e modf
20
4.
draw from pin lowed odule still on
See Figure A
3.2
4.0
BOOST-CONVERTER OPERATION
Input Voltage Arming Value
Switching Frequency
Input Terminal Current Ripple (RMS)
Total Converter Efficiency
Iout = 15A (10Vin)
1
60
.0
18.8
740
V
z
A
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Vin = 16V; Iout = 1
86
88
8
%
%
%
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
1, 2, 3
Iout = 15A (16Vin)
Iout = 30A (16Vin)
RELIABILITY CHARACTERISTI
Calculated MTBF (MIL-STD-217F
GB @ Tcase = 70ºC
3
2200
390
TBD
10 Hrs.
3
AIF @ Tcase = 70ºC
10 Hrs.
3
Demonstrated MTBF
Hrs.
WEIGHT CHARACTERI
Device Weight
7
Electrical CharacteNotes
1. Converter will uput ovege shutdown.
2. Derate output powof ratower at Tcase = 135ºC (see 5).
3. High or low state of ige mpersist for out 200µs to be on by the lockout or shutdown circuitry.
4. Currenmit inception is as the point woutput voltage opped to 90% of its nominal value.
5. Paratested but ged to the limit s.
6. Load ition time 0µs.
7. Settling tifrom start of trathe poie the utput voltage has returned to ±1% of its final value.
8. Line volage tr≥ 100µs.
9. Input volage rie 250µs.
10. Operating the conver at a synion abovthe free running frequency will cause the converter’s efficiency to be slightly reduced
and it may also cause a slight reduction aximuput current/power available. For more information consult the factory.
11. SHARE pin outs a poweilure warse dura fault condition. See Current Share section of the Control Features description.
12. After a disabor fault event, module is infrom restarting for 300ms. See Shut Down section of the Control Features description.
13. Only the ES and HB gde productare testeee temperatures. The C grade products are tested at one temperature. Please refer to the
Construction and Enviral Stress Screening Oions table for details.
14. These derating curvefor the ES- and HB- grade products. The C- grade product has a maximum case temperature of 100ºC.
15. Input Over Voltage Shutest is run t no load, full load is beyond derating condition and could cause damage at 125ºC.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 4
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
Under-Voltage Transient Profile
Boost-Converter is armed when Vin
exceeds this value
V
ARM (~18 V)
Boost-Converter Operational Area
dV 0.1V
VIN
dt
µs
5.5 V
0
1.5
15
Time (s)
Under-Voltage Transient Prowing when the ost-converter s guaranteed to operational. The boost-converter must
first be armed by having V > w under-voltage ansient can occur after a delay equal to four times the duration
IN
of the previous transient if the boost-er is rearmed.
Note:
This Unr-Voltage TrProfile is deto comply (wpropiate margins) with all initial-engagement surges, start-
ing or voltage trents and under-e surgespecified in:
MIL-8 (A through
• TCA/DO60E
• MI-STD-1275B
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (part 6)/5 (ional portions)
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 5
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
TBD
T
Figure 1: Efficiency at nominal output voltage vs. load current for
minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at Tcase=25°C.
Fi: Efficiency anominal output volt60% rated power
vs. perature foinput voltagf 16V, d 40V.
TBD
D
Figure 3: Power dissation l output voltage vs. lorent
for minimum, nomd maxiut voltage at Tcase=2
re 4: Pwer dissipation at nominal output voltage and 60% rated
s. case temperature for input voltage of 16V, 28V, and 40V.
TBD
TBD
Figure 5: Outpunt / Output Power derating curve as a function
of Tcase and the Mdesired power MOSFET junction temperature
at Vin = 28V (see Note
Figure 6: Output voltage vs. load current showing typical current limit
curves.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 6
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
TBD
Figure 7: Turn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output
capacitance initiated by ENA1. Input voltage pre-applied.
Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: ENA1 (5V/div).
Fig8: Turn-on transient full resistiand 10mF output
capce initiated bENA1. Input oltagplied.
Ch 1V/div). C2: ENA1 (5Vv).
D
TBD
Figure 9: Turn-on trasient ative load and zero out
capacitance initiaNA2. tage pre-applied.
Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). NA2 (5).
re 10: urn-on transient at full resistive load and zero output
ance initiated by Vin. ENA1 and ENA2 both previously high.
Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: Vin (10V/div).
TBD
TBD
Figure 12: Output voltage response to step-change in load current 0%-
50%-0% of Iout (max). Load cap: 1µF ceramic cap and 10µF, 100 mΩ
ESR tantalum cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Figure 11: Outpge response to step-change in load current 50%
-100%-50% of Iout Load cap: 1µF ceramic cap and 10µF,
100 mΩ ESR tantalum . Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 7
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
See Fig. 16
See Fig. 15
iC
MQME
Filter
QFL
rter
VOUT
TBD
VSOURCE
10µF,
1µF
ceramic
100m
ESR
W
capacitor
pacitor
Figure 13: Output voltage response to step-change in input voltage
(16V - 50V - 16V). Load cap: 10µF, 100 mΩ ESR tantalum cap and 1µF
ceramic cap. Ch 1: Vout (200mV/div). Ch 2: Vin (20V/div).
Fi4: Test set-up diagram showing ment points for I
npunal Ripple Crrent (Figur5) and VoltagRipple (
Figu
D
TBD
Figure 15: Input termal curr, ic, at full rated outpent
and nominal input with SQ filter module (50mA
Bandwidth: 20MHz. re 14.
re 16: utput voltage ripple, Vout, at nominal input voltage and
rcurrent (20 V/div). Load capacitance: 1μF ceramic capacitor
and 10μF tantalum capacitor. Bandwidth: 10MHz. See Figure 14.
TBD
TBD
Figure 17: Rise ut voltage after the removal of a short circuit
across the output te. Ch 1: Vout (2V/div). Ch 2: Iout (10A/div).
Figure 18: SYNC OUT vs. time, driving SYNC IN of a second SynQor
MQFL converter. Ch1: SYNC OUT: (1V/div).
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 8
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
TBD
Figure 19: Magnitude of incremental output impedance
(Zout = vout/iout) for minimum, nominal, and maximum input voltage
at full rated power.
Fi0: Magnitude of incremental forwasmission
(FT vin) for minmum, nominaand minput voltage
at fulwer.
D
TBD
re 22: agnitude of incremental input impedance (Zin = vin/iin)
fmum, nominal, and maximum input voltage at full rated power.
Figure 21: Magnitudof increverse transmission
(RT = iin/iout) fom, nomd maximum input volt
at full rated power.
TBD
TBD
Figure 23: High ncy conducted emissions of standalone
MQFL-28-05S, 5Voule at 120W output, as measured with Method
CE102. Limit line shothe ‘Basic Curve’for all applications with
a 28V source.
Figure 24: High frequency conducted emissions of MQFL-28-05S,
5Vout module at 120W output with MQFL-28-P filter, as measured with
Method CE102. Limit line shown is the ‘Basic Curve’for all applications
with a 28V source.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 9
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
The MQFL converter’s control circuit does not implement an output
over-voltage limit or an over-temperature shutdown.
BASIC OPERATION AND FEATURES
The MQFL DC/DC converter uses a two-stage power conversion
topology. The first, or regulation, stage is a buck-converter that
keeps the output voltage constant over variations in line, load,
and temperature. The second, or isolation, stage uses transform-
ers to provide the functions of input/output isolation and voltage
transformation to achieve the output voltage required.
The following sections describe thnd operation of addi-
tional control features providby the converter.
UNDER-VOLTAGE TSIENTS
The MQFL-28VE series of DC/DC coincorporate a special
“boost-convertege thpermits thonverters deliver full
power through ts where itinput voltage falls to as low as
5.5V. Noally, th-converis non-onal, and the
converter’s inut voltassed directly to ion
stag(see the Block DiaWhen an under-voltage
occthe boost-converter becomes oonal, and it steps-up
the oltage to a alue greatehan 1that the nominal
outpue can be sustained.
In the MQFL-28VE series of converters the regulation stage is
preceeded by a boost-converter that permits these converters
to operate through various Military and Aircraft under-voltage
transients. Further discussion of this feature can be found later in
these notes.
Both the regulation and the isolation stages switch at a fixed
frequency for predictable EMI performance. The isolation stage
switches at one half the frequency of the regulation stage, but due
to the push-pull nature of this stage it creates a ripple at double its
switching frequency. As a result, both the input and the out
the converter have a fundamental ripple frequency of ab
kHz in the free-running mode.
It is importnote thae booerter sge must first
come “armed” before it ccome oonal. This “arming”
hen the convter’s inltage exceeds approximately
18Vboost-coverter then es operational whenever
the input voltage s below the g voltage, and it will
remain operanal g as the int voltage remains within
e region shown in tder-Voltage Transient Profile Page.
If the inut voltage drops this transient profile, the boost-
convere is not guarad to continue operating (it may,
but it will tself from excessive stresses). Once the boost-
onverter stops ng, the converter’s input voltage will be
reconnected directly the input of the pre-regulator stage. The
output voltage will therefore collapse unless the input voltage is
16V, or greate
Rectification of the isolation stage’s output is acplished with
synchronous rectifiers. These devices, which are s with a
very low resistance, dissipate far less energy than wtky
diodes. This is the primary reason why the MQFL convert
such high efficiency, particularly at low utput voltages.
Besides improving efficiency, thynchroous rectifiers permit
operation down to zero load ere is no longea need
for a minimum load, as is typical fothat use diodes fo
rectification. The synchronous rectifiers aermit a negative
load current to flow back converter’s out terminalif the
load is a source of ort or lm energy. The MQFert-
ers employ a “bacurrento keep this negative
terminal current sma
e: the oost-converter will not become re-armed for the
ansient unless the input voltage once again exceeds
approximately 18V.
e transient profile shown on the Under-Voltage Transient Profile
age is designed to comply (with appropriate margins) with all
initial-engagement surges, starting or cranking voltage transients,
and under-voltage surges specified in:
There is a ontrol circuit the input and sides of the
MQFL cthat determie conduction stahe powr
switches. Thts commnicate witach othss th
isolation barrier magnetically codevice. pto-
isolators are used
• MIL-STD-704-8 (A through F)
• RTCA/DO-160E
• MIL-STD-1275B
A separate biasupply provids poweoth the t and out-
put control circus. Among other things, as sply permits
the converter to operate indefinitely into a circuit and to
avoid a hiccup modeunder a tough starp condition.
• DEF-STAN 61-5 (Part 6)/5 (operational portions)
Any input voltage transient that fits within the Under-Voltage
Transient Profile can be repeated after a delay that is at least four
times longer than the duration of the previous transient.
An input under-voltage lockature withysteresis is provided,
as well as an over-shutdown. There is also
an output rent that is rly constant as the load
impedance ases o a short circuit (i.e., there is not fold-
back or fold-focharacteristic to the output current under this
condition). When d fault is removed, the output voltage rises
exponentially to its nl value without an overshoot.
During the time when the boost-converter stage is operational, the
converter’s efficiency is reduced and the input ripple current is
increased. The lower the input voltage, the more these parameters
are affected.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 10
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
Usually the converter has an EMI filter upstream of it, and the
source voltage is connected to the input of this EMI filter. When,
during compliance testing, the source voltage goes low during
an under-voltage transient, the input to the converter will go even
lower. This is because the inductance of the EMI filter (as well
as the parasitic source inductance) will cause an oscillatory ring
with the bulk capacitor. With the bulk capacitor that is present
in an MQME-28 filter, the peak of this under-voltage ring may
be approximately 2 volts if the source voltage drops to 6V (it
will be smaller than this at a higher transient source voltage
due to the lower current drawn by the converter). As a result, it
is necessary to add extra bulk capacitor across the converter’s
input pins if the source voltage is going to drop to 6V, as it does
for MIL-STD-704(A) or MIL-STD 1275B. It is recommended that a
100µF/0.25W ESR capacitor be connected across the input pins
of the converter be used as a starting point. For MIL-STD-704(B-F),
where the source voltage drops to only 7V, a 47µF hold-up
capacitor would be a good starting point. The exact amount of
capacitance required depends on the application (source c-
tance, load power, rate of fall of the source voltage, etc
consult the factory if further assistance is required.
when the converter is inhibited through the ENA1 pin, the bias
supply is also turned off, whereas this supply remains on when
the converter is inhibited through the ENA2 pin. A higher input
standby current therefore results in r case.
Both enable pins are ipulleso that an open
connection on both pins wle the nverter. Figure A
shows the equivalecuit looo eitr enable pins. It is
TTL compatible.
5.6V
82K
18
4
(or )
ENABLE
TO ENABLE
CICUITRY
0K
125K
2N3
(or PIN 8)
TN
Because input system stability is harder to maintin as the input
voltage gets lower, the MQFL-28VE series convdesigned
to give external access to the voltage node betweet-con-
verter and the pre-regulator stages. This access, at the “
pin (pin 3), permits the user to add a tabilizing ulk capr
with series resistance to this node. Since the voltage at this node
stays above 16V, the amount oapacitance required is much
less than would be required nverter’s input pns where
the voltage might drop as low as ecommended that
22µF capacitor with an ESR of about 1nnected betwee
the STABILITY pin and thRETURN pin n 2). Withut this
special connection the inode of the converter0µF
stabilizing bulk or woe been required ace
converter’s input p
Figure A: Equialent ooking into either the ENA1 or ENA2
pins witrespect to its coding return pin.
SHUT Dhe MQFL converter will shut down in response
to only four cs: ENA1 input low, ENA2 input low, VIN
input below under-ge lockout threshold, or VIN input above
over-voltage shutdown threshold. Following a shutdown event,
there is a starup inhibit delay which will prevent the converter
rom restaring for approximately 300ms. After the 300ms delay
pses, if he enable inputs are high and the input voltage is
the operating range, the converter will restart. If the VIN
input is brought down to nearly 0V and back into the operating
range, there is no startup inhibit, and the output voltage will rise
ccording to the “Turn-On Delay, Rising Vin” specification.
Another vantage of thILITY pin is thovides a volt-
age sostays above when the undere transint
occurs. Thsource ight be usl for othuitry
the system.
REMOTE SENSE: The purpose of the remote sense pins is to
correct for the voltage drop along the conductors that connect the
converter’s output to the load. To achieve this goal, a separate
conductor should be used to connect the +SENSE pin (pin 10)
directly to the positive terminal of the load, as shown in the
connection diagram. Similarly, the –SENSE pin (pin 9) should be
connected through a separate conductor to the return terminal of
the load.
CONTROL FEATURES
ENABLE: The MQFL converter has two pins. Both must
have a logic high levr the converter to enabled. A logic
low on either pin will ithe converter.
NOTE: Even if remote sensing of the load voltage is not desired,
the +SENSE and the -SENSE pins must be connected to +Vout
(pin 7) and OUTPUT RETURN (pin 8), respectively, to get proper
regulation of the converter’s output. If they are left open, the
converter will have an output voltage that is approximately 200mV
higher than its specified value. If only the +SENSE pin is left
open, the output voltage will be approximately 25mV too high.
The ENA1 pin is refewith espect to the converter’s
input return (pin e ENApin 12) is referenced with
respect tonve’s output return (pin 8). This permits the
converter to ibited from either the input or the output side.
Regardless of win is used to inhibit the converter, the
regulation and the ation stages are turned off. However,
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 11
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
Inside the converter, +SENSE is connected to +Vout with a resistor
value from 100W to 301W, depending on output voltage, and
–SENSE is connected to OUTPUT RETURN with a 10W resistor
Figure B shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC IN
pin. Figure C shows the equivalent circuit looking into the SYNC
OUT pin.
5V
It is also important to note that when remote sense is used, the
voltage across the converter’s output terminals (pins 7 and 8)
will be higher than the converter’s nominal output voltage due
to resistive drops along the connecting wires. This higher volt-
age at the terminals produces a greater voltage stress on the
converter’s internal components and may cause the converter to
fail to deliver the desired output voltage at the low end of the
input voltage range at the higher end of the load current and
temperature range. Please consult the factory for details.
5K
TO SYNC
PIN 6
CIRCUITRY
C IN
IN R
5K
PIN 2
SYNCHRONIZATION: The MQFL converter’s regulation and
isolation stage switching frequencies can be synchronized to an
external frequency source that is in the 500 kHz to 600 kHz
range. The boost-converter stage is free-running at about 670
kHz while it is operational, and is not affected by synchroniza-
tion signals. A pulse train at the desired frequency sh
applied to the SYNC IN pin (pin 6) with respect to the IN
RETURN (pin 2). This pulse train should have a duty cycle in the
20% to 80% range. Its low value should be below 0.8V to be
guaranteed to be interpreted as a logic low, high value
should be above 2.0V to be guaranteed to be d as a
logic high. The transition time between the two statee
less than 300ns.
FB: Equivalencircut looking into NC IN pin with
rethe IN RTN (input returnpin.
5K
YNC OUT
FROSYNC
CIRCUITRY
PIN 5
IN RTN
PIN 2
OPEN R
OUT
If the MQFL converter is not to be ynchronized, the SYNC IN pin
should be left open circuit. Therter will then opate in its
free-running mode at a frequenximately 550 kHz.
Figure C: Equircuit looking into SYNC OUT pin with
spect to the IN Rput return) pin.
CURRENT SHRE: When several MQFL converters are placed
n parallel to achieve either a higher total load power or N+1
undanc, their SHARE pins (pin 11) should be connected
tr. The voltage on this common SHARE node represents the
average current delivered by all of the paralleled converters. Each
converter monitors this average value and adjusts itself so that its
output current closely matches that of the average.
If, due to a fault, the SYNC IN pin is hether a logic lo
or logic high state contithe MQFL converter wrevert
to its free-running quenc
The MQFL converhas a NC OUT pin (pin 5).
output can be used to e SYC IN pinas many as te
(10) otQFL convertpulse train coout of SYNC
OUT hcycle of 5and a frequency ttches t
switching frf the converter ich it iciate.
This frequency he free-runing fuency if tno
synchroniztion signat the SN piosynconiza-
tion frequency if there is.
Since the SHARE pin is monitored with respect to the OUTPUT
RETURN (pin 8) by each converter, it is important to connect all of
the converters’ OUTPUT RETURN pins together through a low DC
and AC impedance. When this is done correctly, the converters
will deliver their appropriate fraction of the total load current to
within +/- 10% at full rated load.
The SYNC OUT signal is available only the voltage at the
STABILITY pin (pin 3above approxim12V and when
the converter is not ed through the ENA1 pin. An inhibit
through the ENA2 pin turn the SYNC OUT signal off.
Whether or not converters are paralleled, the voltage at the
SHARE pin could be used to monitor the approximate average
current delivered by the converter(s). A nominal voltage of 1.0V
represents zero current and a nominal voltage of 2.2V represents
the maximum rated current, with a linear relationship in between.
The internal source resistance of a converter’s SHARE pin signal is
2.5 kW. During an input voltage fault or primary disable event, the
SHARE pin outputs a power failure warning pulse. The SHARE pin
will go to 3V for approximately 14ms as the output voltage falls.
NOTE: An MQFverter ts its SYNC IN pin driven by
the SYNT pin a second MQFL converter will have its
start of its ing cycle delayed approximately 180 degrees
relative to thae second converter.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 12
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
NOTE: Converters operating from separate input filters with
reverse polarity protection (such as the MQME-28-T filter) with
their outputs connected in parallel may exhibit hiccup operation
at light loads. Consult factory for details.
100,000
10,000
1,000
100
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TRIM: If desired, it is possible to increase
the MQFL converter’s output voltage above its nominal value. To
do this, use the +SENSE pin (pin 10) for this trim function instead
of for its normal remote sense function, as shown in Figure D.
In this case, a resistor connects the +SENSE pin to the –SENSE
pin (which should still be connected to the output return, either
remotely or locally). The value of the trim resistor should be chosen
according to the following equation or from Figure E:
0.00
0.15
0.45
0.60
Increase )
Vnom
Rtrim = 100 x
[
Vout – Vnom – 0.025
]
where:
Figutput Voage Trim Gr
Vnom = the converter’s nominal output voltage,
Vout = the desired output voltage (greater than Vnom), an
Rtrim is in Ohms.
INPUT UNDER-VOLTAOCKhe MQFL converter
under-voltage lockout e that ethe converter will
he input voltage is to. This lockout only appears
when the boost-crter is not og. The threshold of input
voltage at whih thverter will turis higher that the thresh-
d at which it will tIn addition, the MQFL converter will
not respond to a state oput voltage unless it has remained
in thafor more than t 200µs. This hysteresis and the
delay enper operatiowhen the source impedance is high
or in a noisy ment.
As the output voltage is trimmed up, it produces a greater voltage
stress on the converter’s internal components and may cause the
converter to fail to deliver the desired output at the low
end of the input voltage range at the higher end d cur-
rent and temperature range. Please consult the factory .
Factory trimmed converters are availabby requet.
INPUT OVER-VOAGE SHUTDOWN: The MQFL converter
also has an over-voltage feature that ensures the converter will be
off if the input ltage is too high. It also has a hysteresis and time
elay to enure proper operation.
12
+VIN
ENA 2
2
3
4
5
6
11
ternal bulk apacit
RSTABILI
RTN
SHARE
10
STABILITY
ENA 1
+SNS
+
28 Vdc
RTRIM
MQFL
9
-SNS
8
mns
on
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
OUT RTN
Load
7
+VOUT
CSTABILI
+
Figure D: Typical coon for output voltage trimming.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 13
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
The Mil-HDBK-1547A component derating guideline calls for
a maximum component temperature of 105ºC. Power Derating
Curve figure; therefore has one power derating curve that ensures
this limit is maintained. It has beor’s extensive experi-
ence that reliable long-term verter on can be achieved
with a maximum componperatur125ºC. In extreme
cases, a maximum temperatu45ºC iermissible, but not
recommended for ong-term opwhee high reliability is
required. Deratig curves for these temperature limits are
also included re. maximum ase temperature at which
the converter shoperated s 135ºC.
BACK-DRIVE CURRENT LIMIT: Converters that use MOSFETs as
synchronous rectifiers are capable of drawing a negative current
from the load if the load is a source of short- or long-term energy.
This negative current is referred to as a “back-drive current”.
Conditions where back-drive current might occur include paral-
leled converters that do not employ current sharing, or where the
current share feature does not adequately ensure sharing during
the startup or shutdown transitions. It can also occur when con-
verters having different output voltages are connected together
through either explicit or parasitic diodes that, while normally
off, become conductive during startup or shutdown. Finally, some
loads, such as motors, can return energy to their power rail. Even
a load capacitor is a source of back-drive energy for some period
of time during a shutdown transient.
When the cnverter ted on a metal pwill
helto make the convease bottom a uniform tem.
Howell it does so depnds on the ness of the plate and
on ermal condctance of thinteryer (e.g. thermal
greamal padetc.) betweee case e plaUnless
this is ry well, it is imporot to ke the plate’s
temperature for the maxm case eraturet is easy for
m to be as much as 5-1ifferent power and at high
tures. It is sgested a thermocouple be attached
directo the coerter’s case ta small hole in the plate
when investigatiw hot the cor is getting. Care must
also be made o ensat there is na large thermal resistance
between the thermocoud the case due to whatever adhesive
might used to hold the ocouple in place.
To avoid any problems that might arise due to back-drive current,
the MQFL converters limit the negative current that the converter
can draw from its output terminals. The threshold for this back-
drive current limit is placed sufficiently below zero so that
verter may operate properly down to zero load, but its abs
value (see the Electrical Characteristics page) is small compared
to the converter’s rated output current.
THERMAL CONSIDERATIONS: Figure 5 shogested
Power Derating Curves for this converter as a funhe
case temperature, input voltage and thmaximum desire
MOSFET junction temperature. All othecomponents within he
converter are cooler than the hottt MOSFET.
INPUT INSTABILITY: This condition can occur
because any C converter appears incrementally as a
ngative resistancad. A detailed application note titled
“Input System Instability” is available on the SynQor website
which provides an understanding of why this instability arises,
and showthe preferred solution for correcting it.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 14
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
CONSTRUCTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS SCREENING OPTIONS
ES-Grade
(-55 ºC to +125 ºC)
(Element Evaluation)
HB-Grade
+125 ºC)
(Eleuation)
Consistent with
MIL-SꢁD-883F
C-Grade
(-40 ºC to +100 ºC)
Screening
Internal Visual
Yes
ꢀo
Yes
Y
*
Conditi
(-55 ºC to +125 ºC)
itioC
(-150 ºC)
ꢁemperature Cycle
Method 1010
Constant
Acceleration
Method 2001
(Y1 Direction)
Codition A
(5000g)
ꢀo
Method 1015
Load Cycled
Burn-in
• 10s period
24 Hrs @ +125 ºC
96 Hrs @ +125 ºC
160 Hrs @ +125 ºC
• 2s @ 100% Load
• 8s @ 0% Load
Method 5005
(Group A)
Final Electrical ꢁest
+25 ºC
5, +100 ºC
Full QorSe
-, +125
ull QorSeal
Mechanical Seal,
ꢁhermal, and Coating
Process
Full Q
External Visual
2009
Yes
Yes
*
Construction Process
al
QorSeal
QorSeal
* er IPC-A-610 (Rev. D) Class
MilQor converters and filters are our variations of cstruction technique and environmental stress screening options. The
three highest grades, C, ES, and HB, all Qor’s proprietarrSeal™ Hi-Rel aembly process that includes a Parylene-C coating
of the circuit, a high pere thermal comound filleand a l barrier old plated aluminum case. Each successively higher
grade has more stgent mal and electrical teas wellonger burn-in cycle. The ES- and HB-Grades are also con-
structed of comhat han procured through ment evn process that pre-qualifies each new batch of devices.
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 15
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
0.093
[2.36]
0.25
+VIN
ENA 2
1
12
IN RTN
SHARE
2
11
1.50 [38.10]
0 [5.08
ON-CM.
MQFL-28VE-7R5S-X-HB
DC/DC CONVERTER
28Vin 7.5Vout @ 13A
STABILITY
+SNS
-SNS
3
4
5
6
10 1.260
[32.00]
ENA 1
9
8
7
MADE IN USA
OUT RTN
+VOUT
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
0.00 [1.02]
S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10
PIN
2.50 [63.50]
2.76 [70.10]
3.00 [76.20]
0.050 [1.27]
0220 [
.128 [3.25]
2.96 [75.2]
0.22
0.390 [9.91]
Case
0.093
[2.36]
0.25]
+VIN
1
12
11
0.200 [5.08]
TYP. NON-CUM.
IN RTN
STABILITY
SAR
2
3
4
5
6
10]
MQFL-28VE-7R5S-U-HB
DC/DC CONVER
28Vin 7.5Vo
+SNS
NS
10 1.260
[32.00]
ENA 1
9
8
OUT RTN
+VOUT
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
MADE IN USA
0.040 [1.02]
PIN
S/N 0000000 D/C 32X10
0.42
[10.7]
63.50]
0.10]
3.00 .20]
0.050 [1.27]
0.220 [5.59]
8 [3.25]
80 [71.1]
Case U
0.390 [9.91]
NOTES
PIN DESIGNATIONS
1)
2)
Pins 0.040” (1.02mmdiameter
Pin Function
1 Positive input
2 Input return
3 Stability
Pin Function
7 Positive output
8 Output return
9 - Sense
Pins Material: Co
Finish: Gold over Nick
3)
All dimensiches (erance: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xxx +/-0.01.xx +/
4)
5)
6)
Weioz (78g) typical
4 Enable 1
10 + Sense
Workmaneets or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III
Print Labeling Surface per Product Label Format Drawing
5 Sync output
6 Sync input
11 Share
12 Enable 2
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 16
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
0.300 [7.62]
0.140 [3.56]
1.15 [29.21]
0.250 [6.35]
TYP
0.250 [6.35]
1
2
3
4
5
6
+VIN
12
ENA 2
0.200
YP. NOM.
2.00
[50.80]
IN RTN
STABILITY
SHARE
+SNS
11
10
9
MQFL-28VE-7R5S-Y-HB
DC/DC CONVERTER
28Vin 7.5Vout @ 13A
1.50
[38.10]
-SNS
ENA 1
OUT RTN
+VOUT
SYNC OUT
SYNC IN
MADE IN USA
8
1.750
[44.45]
S/N 0000000 D/C 3205-301 CAGE 1WX10
7
0.040 [1]
P
0.07]
0.2]
1.750 [44.45]
2.50 [63.50]
0.375 [9.52
2.96 [75.2]
0.228 [5.79]
Case Y
ase Z
(vf Y)
Case W
(variant of Y)
00 [6.35]
0.250 [6.35]
0.200 [5.08]
0.200 [5.08]
TYP. NON-UM.
TYP. NON-CUM.
0.040 [.02]
PIN
0.040 [1.02]
PIN
0.420 [10.7]
0.050 [1.27]
0.220 [5.59]
0.220 [5.59]
050 [1.27]
0.36 [9.2]
2.80 [71.1]
0.525 [13.33]
0.390
[9.91]
0.390
[9.91]
25 13
.80 [71.1]
PIN DESIGNATIONS
Pin Function Pin Function
NOTES
1)
Pins 0.040” (1.02mmter
2)
Pins Material: opper
1 Positive input
2 Input return
3 Stability
4 Enable 1
5 Sync output
6 Sync input
7 Positive output
8 Output return
9 - Sense
10 + Sense
11 Share
Finish: Gold kel pla
All dimions in es (mm) nces: x.xx +/-0.02 in. (x.x +/-0.5mm)
x.xx10 in. .xx +/-0.25mm)
Weight: 78.5 g) typical
Workmanshis or exceeds IPC-A-610C Class III
Print Labeling oface per Product Label Format Drawing
3)
4)
5)
6)
12 Enable 2
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 17
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
MilQor Converter FAMILY MATRIX
The tables below show the array of MQFL converters available. When ordering SynQor converteease ensure that you use
the complete part number according to the table in the last page. Contact the factory for othrequi.
Single Output
Output †
2
1.5V
1.8V
2.5V
3.3V
5V
6V
7.5V
9V
12V
(12S)
V
(15S
±5V
D)
±12V
(12D)
±15V
(15D)
Full Size
(1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S) (05S)
(06S) (7R5S) (09S)
(28S
MQFL-28
16-40Vin Cont.
A
otal
10A
Total
8A
Total
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
40A
30A
30A
30A
30A
30A
24A
24A
20A
20A
24A
20A
20A
17A
17A
20A
16A
16A
13A
13
1
13A
13A
11A
10A
8A
8A
4A
4A
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
MQFL-28E
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
24A
Total
Tot
MQFL-28V
16-40Vin Cont.
5.5-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
Tot
8A
al
6.5A
otal
6.5A
6.5A
8A
3.3A
.3A
4
MQFL-28VE
16-70Vin Cont.
5.5-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 100V
A
Tota
6.5A
Total
MQFL-270
155-400Vin Cont.
155-475Vin 0.1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 550V
24A
Total
10A
Total
8A
Total
10A
Single Output
Dual Output †
28V
1.5V
1.8V
2.5V
3.3
6V
V
9V
12
(12S)
(15S
±5V
(05D)
±12V
(12D)
±15V
(15D)
Half Size
(1R5S) (1R8S) (2R5S) (3R3S)
) (7R5S) (0S)
S)
MQHL-28 (50W)
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
10A
Total
4A
Total
3.3A
Total
20A
20A
20A
2A
15A
15A
10A
1A
8A
6.6A
6.6A
5.5
5.5A
4A
3.3A
.3A
.8A
1.8A
MQHL-28E (50W)
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin =100V
10A
Total
4A
Total
3.3A
Total
MQHR-28 (25W)
16-40Vin Cont.
16-50Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Max Vin = 60V
5A
Total
2A
Total
1.65A
Total
10
10A
10A
10A
7.5A
7.5
5A
5A
4A
3.3A
2.75A
2.75A
2A
2A
1.65A
1.65A
0.9A
0.9A
MQHR-28E (25
16-70Vin Cont.
16-80Vin 1s Trans.*
Absolute Mx Vin =100V
5A
Total
2A
Total
1.65A
Total
Check tory for availa
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 18
MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Curren
13A
ꢁechnical Specification
PART NUMBERING SYSTEM
The part numbering system for SynQor’s MilQor DC-DC converters follows the format shown in the table below.
Output Voltage(s)
Input
Model
ꢀame
Package Outline/
Pin Configuration
reeni
de
Voltage
Range
Single
Output
Dual
Output
1R5S
1R8S
2R5S
3R3S
05S
06S
7R5S
09S
28
28E
28V
28VE
U
X
Y
C
ES
B
MQFL
MQHL
MQHR
05D
12D
15D
270
12S
15S
28S
Examp
QFL-28VE-7R5S–Y–ES
APPLICATION NOTES
A variety of application notes echnical white pers can be wnloaded in pmat from the SynQor website.
PATENTS
SynQor holds thing pone or more of whiht apply this product:
5,999,417
6,927
6,22
7,050,3
6,5,890
,072,190
,577,109
5,146
,159
7,1,524
6,731,520
7,269,034
6,894,468
7,272,021
6,896,526
7,272,023
Contact ynQor for further rmation:
Phone:
978-849-0600
Warranty
SynQor offers a two (2) year limited warranty. Complete warranty
information is listed on our website or is available upon request from
SynQor.
Toll Free: 8-567-9596
Fax:
849-002
E-ma
eb:
mqe@synqor.com
www.synqor.com
Information furnished by SynQor is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed by SynQor for its use, nor for any
infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result
from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any
patent or patent rights of SynQor.
ess: 155 Swanson Road
Boxborough, MA 01719
USA
Product # MQFL-28VE-7R5S
Phone 1-888-567-9596
www.synqor.com
Doc.# 005-0005210 Rev. 1
04/22/09
Page 19
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