BQ26500PW [TI]
SINGLE-CELL LI-ION AND BATTERY GAS GAUGE IC FOR HANDHELD APPLICATIONS; 单节锂离子电池和电池电量监测计IC为手持式应用
| 型号： | BQ26500PW |
| 厂家： | 
TEXAS INSTRUMENTS |
| 描述： | SINGLE-CELL LI-ION AND BATTERY GAS GAUGE IC FOR HANDHELD APPLICATIONS |
| 文件： | 总27页 (文件大小：334K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
ꢀ
ꢁ
ꢂ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢅ
ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
ꢇ
ꢈ
ꢉ
ꢘ
ꢊ
ꢏ
ꢋ
ꢕ
ꢌ
ꢙ
ꢍ
ꢎ
ꢐ
ꢌ
ꢉ
ꢋ
ꢑ
ꢋ
ꢙ
ꢋ
ꢌ
ꢈ
ꢋ
ꢍ
ꢈ
ꢑ
ꢏ
ꢉ
ꢐ
ꢐ
ꢉ
ꢋ
ꢑ
ꢋ
ꢐ
ꢈ
ꢍ
ꢔ
ꢒ
ꢈ
ꢏ
ꢏ
ꢋ
ꢉ
ꢓ
ꢇ
ꢐ
ꢔ
ꢁ
ꢔ
ꢛ
ꢌ
ꢗ
ꢕ
ꢉ
ꢖ
ꢈ
ꢊ
ꢐ
ꢇ
ꢊ
ꢐ
ꢗ
ꢊ
ꢘꢐꢜ ꢈꢋꢖꢝ
ꢌ
ꢈ
ꢎ
ꢒ
ꢒ
ꢈ
ꢎ
ꢚ
ꢀ
ꢏ
ꢕ t
FEATURES
APPLICATIONS
D
Reports Accurate State-of-Charge in Li-Ion
and Li-Pol Cells, No System Processor
Calculations Needed
D
D
D
D
D
D
PDAs
Smart Phones
MP3 Players
D
D
Reports Cell Temperature and Voltage
Digital Cameras
High-Accuracy Coulometric Charge and
Discharge Current Integration with
Automatic Offset Cancellation
Internet Appliances
Handheld Devices
D
D
D
Requires No Offset Calibration
Programmable Input/Output Port
DESCRIPTION
Internal Time-Base Eliminates External
Crystal Oscillator
The bq26500, the first in the bqJUNIORt family
of advanced gas gauge device for handhald
applications, is a highly accurate standalone
single-cell Li-Ion and Li-Pol battery capacity
monitoring and reporting device targeted at space
limited portable applications. The device monitors
a voltage drop across a small current sense
resistor connected in series with the battery to
determine charge and discharge activity of the
battery. Compensations for battery temperature,
self-discharge, and rate of discharge are applied
to the charge counter to provide available capacity
across a wide range of operating conditions.
Battery capacity is automatically recalibrated, or
learned, in the course of a discharge cycle from full
to empty. Internal registers include available
capacity, cell temperature and voltage,
state-of-charge, and status and control registers.
D
Four Automatic Low-Power Operating Modes
− Active: < 100 µA
− Sleep: < 2.5 µA
− Ship: < 1.7 µA
− Hibernate: < 1.5 µA
Small 8-Pin TSSOP Package
D
SIMPLIFIED APPLICATION
PACK+
UDG−03038
Li-Ion
or
Li-Pol
+
bq26500
1
2
3
4
RBI GPIO
VCC SRP
VSS SRN
HDQ BAT
8
7
6
5
The bq26500 can operate directly from single-cell
Li-Ion and Li-Pol batteries and communicates to
the system over a simple one-wire bi-directional
serial interface. The 5-kbits/s HDQ bus interface
reduces communication overhead in the external
microcontroller.
HDQ
Protection
Controller
PACK−
Battery Pack
Please be aware that an important notice concerning availability, standard warranty, and use in critical applications of
Texas Instruments semiconductor products and disclaimers thereto appears at the end of this data sheet.
ꢒ
ꢒ
ꢕ
ꢏ
ꢬ
ꢑ
ꢨ
ꢗ
ꢎ
ꢦ
ꢔ
ꢧ
ꢈ
ꢡ
ꢏ
ꢟ
ꢉ
ꢠ
ꢑ
ꢐ
ꢔ
ꢐ
ꢞ
ꢟ
ꢩ
ꢠ
ꢡ
ꢧ
ꢢ
ꢣ
ꢤ
ꢤ
ꢥ
ꢥ
ꢞ
ꢞ
ꢡ
ꢡ
ꢟ
ꢟ
ꢞ
ꢦ
ꢦ
ꢪ
ꢧ
ꢨ
ꢢ
ꢢ
ꢩ
ꢩ
ꢟ
ꢥ
ꢤ
ꢣ
ꢦ
ꢦ
ꢡ
ꢠ
ꢪ
ꢔꢩ
ꢨ
ꢀ
ꢦ
ꢫ
ꢞ
ꢧ
ꢤ
ꢦ
ꢥ
ꢞ
ꢥ
ꢡ
ꢢ
ꢟ
ꢨ
ꢬ
ꢤ
ꢟ
ꢥ
ꢥ
ꢩ
ꢦ
ꢭ
Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated
ꢢ
ꢡ
ꢧ
ꢥ
ꢡ
ꢢ
ꢣ
ꢥ
ꢡ
ꢦ
ꢪ
ꢞ
ꢠ
ꢞ
ꢧ
ꢩ
ꢢ
ꢥ
ꢮ
ꢥ
ꢩ
ꢢ
ꢡ
ꢠ
ꢯ
ꢤ
ꢈ
ꢟ
ꢣ
ꢩ
ꢦ
ꢥ
ꢤ
ꢟ
ꢬ
ꢤ
ꢢ
ꢬ
ꢰ
ꢤ
ꢥ ꢩ ꢦ ꢥꢞ ꢟꢲ ꢡꢠ ꢤ ꢫꢫ ꢪꢤ ꢢ ꢤ ꢣ ꢩ ꢥ ꢩ ꢢ ꢦ ꢭ
ꢢ
ꢢ
ꢤ
ꢟ
ꢥ
ꢱ
ꢭ
ꢒ
ꢢ
ꢡ
ꢬ
ꢨ
ꢧ
ꢥ
ꢞ
ꢡ
ꢟ
ꢪ
ꢢ
ꢡ
ꢧ
ꢩ
ꢦ
ꢦ
ꢞ
ꢟ
ꢲ
ꢬ
ꢡ
ꢩ
ꢦ
ꢟ
ꢡ
ꢥ
ꢟ
ꢩ
ꢧ
ꢩ
ꢦ
ꢦ
ꢤ
ꢢ
ꢞ
ꢫ
ꢱ
ꢞ
ꢟ
ꢧ
ꢫ
ꢨ
ꢬ
ꢩ
1
www.ti.com
ꢀ
ꢁ
ꢂ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢅ
ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
over operating free-air temperature range unless otherwise noted
(1)
bq26500
UNIT
Supply voltage range, V
CC
(all with respect to V
)
SS
−0.3 to 7.0
Input voltage range at SRP, SRN, RBI, and BAT (all with respect to V
)
−0.3 to V
+ 0.3 V
SS
CC
V
HDQ, GPIO (with respect to V
)
−0.3 to 7.0
SS
Input voltage
GPIO (with respect to V ) during EEPROM programming only
SS
−0.3 to 22.0
5
Output sink current at GPIO, HDQ
Operating free-air temperature range, T
mA
−20 to 70
65°C to 150°C
−40°C to 125°C
300
A
Storage temperature range, T
stg
°C
Junction temperature range, T
J
Lead temperature 1,6 mm (1/16 inch) from case for 10 seconds
(1)
Stresses beyond those listed under ”absolute maximum ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only,
and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated under ”recommended operating conditions” is
not implied. Exposure to Absolute Maximum Rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
MIN
2.6
−20
−100
NOM
MAX
4.5
UNIT
V
Supply voltage, V
CC
Operating free-air temperature, T
70
°C
J
Input voltage range at SRP and SRN, (with respect to V
)
100
mV
SS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
T = −20°C to 70°C, T = T 2.6 V ≤ V ≤ 4.5 V (unless otherwise noted)
CC
J
J
A,
PARAMETER
INPUT CURRENTS
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
I
Active current
V
> V
60
1.2
0.9
0.6
100
2.5
1.7
1.5
20
CC(ACT)
CC CC(min)
I
Sleep current
CC(SLP)
µA
I
Ship current
CC(SHP)
I
Hibernate current
RBI current
0 V < V
CC
< V
(POR)
CC(POR)
RBI pin only,
V
CC
< V
(POR)
nA
V
V
POR threshold
POR threshold hysteresis
2.05
2.55
(POR)
100
mV
Input impedance on BAT pin
10
10
MΩ
Input impedance on SRP, SRN pins
VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT
Measurement range
V
CC
= V
I(BAT)
2.6
4.5
20
V
Reported voltage resolution
1
2
mV
s
Reported accuracy
Voltage update time
−20
TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT
Reported temperature resolution
0.25
2
°K
Reported temperature accuracy
Temperature update time
−3
3
s
2
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS(continued)
T = −20°C to 70°C, T = T 2.6 V ≤ V
A, CC
≤ 4.5 V (unless otherwise noted)
J
J
PARAMETER
TIME MEASUREMENT
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
f
f
Internal oscillator frequency
Internal oscillator frequency
−3.5%
−2.5%
+1.0%
+1.0%
+2.5%
+2.5%
OSC
T
A
= 0°C to 50°C
OSC
CAPACITY MEASUREMENT
Voltage-to-frequency converter offset
Voltage-to-frequency converter gain
15
µV
1%
(3)
variabilty
Voltage-to-frequency input
(V − V
−100
100
mV
)
SRN
SRP
(1)
EEPROM PROGRAMMING (V
CC
≥ 3.0 V, 20°C ≤ T ≤ 35°C)
A
t
t
t
Programming voltage rise time
Programming voltage high time
Programming voltage fall time
Programming voltage
1
1
RISE
PROG
FALL
V
= 21 V
20
20
100
ms
PROG
V
Applied to GPIO pin
Current into GPIO pin
22
3
V
PROG
I
EEPROM programming current
mA
PROG
IO PORT (GPIO) AND SERIAL INTERFACE (HDQ)
V
V
V
V
High-level input voltage
1.9
IH
Low-level input voltage
0.7
0.4
0.4
3
IL
V
GPIO low-level output voltage
HDQ low-level output voltage
HDQ internal pull-down current
I
I
= 0.3 mA
= 2 mA
OL
OL
OL
OL
I
µA
HDQPD
(2)
STANDARD SERIAL COMMUNICATION (HDQ) TIMING
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
t
Break timing
190
40
(B)
Break recovery time
Host bit window timing
Host sends 1 time
(BR)
190
17
(CYCH)
(HW1)
(HW0)
(RSPS)
(CYCD)
(DW1)
(DW0)
50
145
320
260
50
Host sends 0 time
100
190
190
32
µs
bq26500 to host response time
bq26500 bit window timing
bq26500 sends 1 time
bq26500 sends 0 time
80
145
(1)
(2)
(3)
Maximum number of programming cycles on the EEPROM is 10 and data retention time is 10 years at T =85°C
See Figure 1.
Not a production tested parameter.
A
The following timing diagrams describe break and break recovery timing (a), host transmitted bit timing (b),
bq26500 transmitted bit timing (c), and bq26500 to host response timing (d).
3
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
(a)
t
t
(BR)
(B)
(b)
(c)
t
t
(HW1)
(DW1)
t
t
(HW0)
(DW0)
t
t
(CYCD)
(CYCH)
(d)
1−bit
R/W
7−Bit Address
8−Bit Data
Break
UDG−03039
t
(RSPS)
Figure 1. HDQ Bit Timing Diagrams
PIN ASSIGNMENTS
TERMINAL
I/O
DESCRIPTION
NAME
BAT
NO.
5
I
Battery voltage sense input
GPIO
HDQ
RBI
8
I/O General-purpose input/output port
I/O Single-wire HDQ serial interface
4
1
I
I
I
I
I
Register back-up input
SRN
SRP
VCC
VSS
6
Current sense input (negative)
Current sense input (positive)
7
2
V
supply input
CC
Ground input
3
PW PACKAGE
(TOP VIEW)
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
RBI
VCC
VSS
HDQ
GPIO
SRP
SRN
BAT
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
PACKAGED
DEVICES
T
A
MARKINGS
(1)
−20°C to 70°C
bq26500PW
26500
(1)
The PW package is available taped and reeled. Add R suffix to device type (e.g. bq26500PWR) to
order quantities of 2,000 devices per reel.
4
www.ti.com
ꢀ
ꢁ
ꢂ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢅ
ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
PACK+
R5
1 MΩ
Li-Ion
+
or
1
RBI
GPIO
8
Li-Pol
C4
0.1 µF
bq26500
R1
100 kΩ
2
3
4
VCC
VSS
HDQ
SRP
SRN
BAT
7
6
5
C3
0.1 µF
C1
0.1 µF
ESD Protection
R
0.02Ω
S
R4
R3
HDQ
100 Ω
100 Ω
R2
100 kΩ
D1
5.6 V
Protection
Controller
C2
0.1 µF
PACK−
Battery Pack
UDG−03041
Figure 2. Typical Application Circuit
Temperature
Compensated
Precision Oscillator
Bandgap
Reference and
Bias
Clock
Generator
VCC
2
4
8
HDQ
System I/O
and Control
EEPROM
GPIO
SCPU
SRP
SRN
7
6
Autocalibrating and
Autocompensating
VFC
RAM
1
3
RBI
VSS
Temperature
Sensor
ADC
BAT
5
UDG−03040
Figure 3. Functional Block Diagram
5
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
The bq26500 determines battery capacity by monitoring the amount of charge input to or removed from a Li-Ion
or Li-Pol battery. The bq26500 measures discharge and charge currents, monitors the battery for low voltage
thresholds, and compensates for temperature and self-discharge rate. Current is measured across a small
value series resistor between the negative terminal of the battery and the pack ground (see R in Figure 2).
S
Available capacity is reported with a resolution of 0.003/R (mAh). Time-to-empty (TTE) reporting in minutes
S
at host-provided at-rate currents allow the requirements for host based calculations to be greatly reduced or
eliminated; reading a single register pair provides useful and meaningful information to the application’s end
user.
Figure 2 shows a typical application circuit. Differential sense of the voltage across the current sense resistor,
R , improves device performance, leading to an improvement in reported time-to-empty accuracy. In the typical
S
application, the GPIO pin can be used as a general-purpose programmable I/O port. An internal pull-down on
the HDQ line ensures that the device detects a logic “0” on the HDQ line and automatically enters the low power
sleep mode when the system power is switched off or the pack is removed. A 100-kΩ pull-up to V
can be
CC
added to the HDQ line to disable this feature. The bq26500 can operate directly from a single Li-Ion or Li-Pol
cell.
Measurements
As shown in the Figure 3, the bq26500 uses a fully differential, dynamically balanced voltage-to-frequency
converter (VFC) for charge and discharge counting and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for battery voltage
and temperature measurement. Both VFC and ADC are automatically compensated for offset. No user
calibration or compensation is required.
Charge and Discharge Counting
The bq26500 uses a voltage-to-frequency converter (VFC) to perform a continuous integration of the voltage
waveform across a small value sense resistor in the negative lead of the battery, as shown in Figure 2. The
integration of the voltage across the sense resistor is the charge added or removed from the battery. Since the
VFC directly integrates the waveform, the shape of the current waveform through the sense resistor has no
effect on the measurement accuracy. The low-pass filter that feeds the sense resistor voltage to the bq26500
SRP and SRN inputs serves to filter out system noise and does not affect the measurement accuracy, since
the low-pass filter does not change the integrated value of the waveform.
Offset Calibration
The offset voltage of the VFC measurement must be very low to be able to measure small signal levels
accurately. The bq26500 provides an auto-compensation feature to cancel the internal voltage offset error
across SRP and SRN for maximum charge measurement accuracy.
NOTE:NO CALIBRATION IS REQUIRED. See the Layout Considerations section for details on
minimizing PCB induced offset across the SRP and SRN pins.
6
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Digital Magnitude Filter
The digital magnitude filter (DMF) threshold can be set in EEPROM to indicate a threshold below which any
charge or discharge accumulation is ignored. This allows setting a threshold above the maximum VFC offset
expected from the device and PCB combination. This ensures that when no charge or discharge current is
present, the measured capacity change by the bq26500 is zero. Note that even a small PCB offset can add up
to a large error over a long period. In addition to setting the threshold above the largest offset expected, the DMF
should be set below the minimum signal level to be measured. Since the measured signal can only be measured
as accurately as the VFC offset induced from the PCB, the sense resistor value should be large enough to allow
the minimum current level to provide a signal level substantially higher than the maximum offset voltage.
Conversely, the sense resistor must be small enough to meet the system requirement for insertion loss as well
as keep the maximum voltage across the sense resistor below the 100-mV maximum that the VFC can
accurately measure.
The DMF threshold is programmed in EEPROM in increments of 6 µV. Programming a zero in the DMF value
disables the DMF function and no VFC counts are ignored.
Voltage
The bq26500 monitors the battery voltage through the BAT pin and reports an offset corrected value through
the internal registers. The bq26500 also monitors the voltage for the end-of-discharge voltage (EDV) thresholds.
The EDV threshold levels are used to determine when the battery has reached an empty state.
Temperature
The bq26500 uses an integrated temperature sensor to monitor the pack temperature. The temperature
measurements reported through the internal registers are used to adjust charge and discharge rate
compensations, and self-discharge capacity loss estimation.
RBI Input
The register back-up input pin, RBI, is used with an external capacitor to provide backup potential to the internal
registers when V drops below the power-on-reset voltage V . V is output on RBI when V is above
CC
(POR) CC
CC
V
, charging the capacitor. Figure 2 shows an optional 1-MΩ resistor from RBI pin to VCC. This allows the
(POR)
device to maintain RAM register data when the battery voltage is below V
and above 1.3 V. The bq26500
(POR)
checks for RAM corruption by storing redundant copies of the high bytes of NAC and LMD. After a reset, the
bq26500 compares the redundant NAC and LMD values and verifies the accuracy of 2 checkbyte values. If the
redundant copies match and the checkbytes are correct, NAC and LMD are retained and the CI bit in FLAGS
is left unchanged. If these checks are not correct, NAC is cleared, LMD is initialized from EEPROM, and the
CI bit in FLAGS is set to “1”. All other RAM is initialized on all resets.
Layout Considerations
The auto-compensating VFC approach effectively cancels the internal offset voltage within the bq26500, but
any external offset caused by PCB layout is not cancelled. This makes it critical to pay special attention to the
PCB layout. To obtain optimal performance, the decoupling capacitor from V
to V and the filter capacitors
CC
SS
from SRP and SRN to V should be placed as closely as possible to the bq26500, with short trace runs to both
SS
signal and VSS pins. All low-current V connections should be kept separate from the high-current discharge
SS
path from the battery and should tie into the high current trace at a point directly next to the sense resistor. This
should be a trace connection to the edge or inside of the sense resistor connection, so that no part of the V
interconnections carry any load current and no portion of the high-current PCB trace is included in the effective
SS
sense resistor (i.e. Kelvin connection).
7
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Gas Gauge Operation
Figure 4 illustrates an operational overview of the gas gauge function.
Discharge Current
Self-Discharge Timer
Charge Current
INPUTS
Temperature
Compensation
_
_
+
_
+
+
Nominal Available
Charge (NAC)
Last Measured
Discharge (LMD)
Learning Count
Register (LCR)
COMPUTATIONS
Qualified
Transfer
Rate and
Temperature
Compensation
Temperature, Voltage,
Average Current,
Other Data
OUTPUTS
Compensated
Available Charge
HDQ Interface
UDG−03042
Figure 4. Operational Overview
The bq26500 measures the capacity of the battery during actual use conditions and updates the last measured
discharge (LMD) register with the latest measured value. The bq26500 retains the learned LMD value unless
a full reset occurs. By measuring the capacity that the battery delivers as it is discharged from full to the EDV1
threshold without any disqualifying events, the bq26500 learns the capacity of the battery. During normal use
conditions, the bq26500 should learn a new capacity only after a full discharge. Learning cycles are disqualified
by several abnormal conditions (see list at end of section). In the event that a learning cycle occurs with a
significant reduction in learned capacity, the new LMD value is restricted to a maximum LMD reduction during
any single learning discharge of LMD/8. The capacity inaccurate (CI) bit in FLAGS is cleared after the first
learning cycle. This bit remains cleared unless a full reset occurs.
The battery-full condition is defined as nominal available capacity (NAC) = LMD. The valid discharge flag (VDQ)
in the FLAGS register is set when this condition occurs and remains set until the learning discharge cycle
completes or an event occurs that disqualifies the learning cycle.
The learning discharge cycle completes when the battery is discharged to the condition where VOLT ≤ EDV1
threshold. The EDV1 threshold should be set at a voltage that guarantees at least 6.25% of battery capacity
below that threshold. The EDVF threshold should be set at a voltage that the system sees as the zero capacity
battery voltage.
The bq26500 does not learn the capacity between EDV1 and EDVF thresholds, but assumes that the capacity
is 6.25% of LMD, so care should be taken to set EDV1 based on the characteristics of the battery. The measured
LMD value is determined by measuring the capacity delivered from the battery from NAC=LMD until
VOLT ≤ EDV1, plus LMD/16 to account for the 6.25% capacity remaining below the EDV1 threshold.
8
www.ti.com
ꢀ
ꢁ
ꢂ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢅ
ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
VDQ is cleared and a capacity learning cycle is disqualified by any of the following conditions:
1. Cold temperature: Temperature less than or equal to the TOFF value programmed in the TCOMP register
when the EDV1 threshold voltage is reached.
2. Light load: Average current is less than or equal to 2 times the initial standby load (ISLC) when the EDV1
threshold voltage is reached.
3. Fast voltage drop: VOLT ≤ (EDV1 − 256 mV) when EDV1 is set.
4. Excessive charging: Cumulative charge added is greater than 255 mAh during a learning discharge cycle
(alternating discharge-charge-discharge before EDV1 is set).
5. Reset: VDQ is cleared on reset.
6. Excessive self-discharge: NAC reduction from self−discharge estimate exceeds 12.48%.
7. Self-discharge at termination of learning cycle. If self-discharge estimate reduces NAC until NAC ≤LMD/16.
9
www.ti.com
ꢀ
ꢁ
ꢂ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢅ
ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Register Interface for bq26500
The bq26500 stores all calculated information in RAM, which is backed up by the voltage present on the RBI
pin. EEPROM registers store permanent user data. The memory map for bq26500 is shown in Table 1.
Table 1. bq26500 Memory Map
HDQ ADDRESS
EEPROM Registers
0x7F
NAME
FUNCTION (256 x High Byte + Low Byte)
LSB VALUE
TCOMP
DCOMP
ID3
Temperature compensation constants, OR, ID#1
0x7E
Discharge rate compensation constants, OR, ID#2
ID#3
0x7D
0x7C
PKCFG
TAPER
DMFSD
ISLC
Pack configuration values
(1)
192 µV
0x7B
Charge termination taper current
Digital magnitude filter and self-discharge rate constants
Initial standby load current
0x7A
(1)
6 µV
0x79
0x78
SEDV1
SEDVF
ILMD
Scaled EDV1 threshold
0x77
Scaled EDVF threshold
(1)
768 µVh
0x76
Initial last measured discharge high byte
RAM Registers
0x6F − 0x75
0x6E
−
RESERVED
EE_EN
−
EEPROM program enable
0x14 − 0x6D
0x13 − 0x12
0x11 − 0x10
0x0F − 0x0E
0x0D − 0x0C
0x0B
RESERVED
(1)
LMD
Last measured discharge high − low byte
Temperature compensated CACD high – low byte
Discharge compensated NAC high − low byte
Nominal available capacity high − low byte
Relative state of charge
3 µVh
(1)
CACT
CACD
NAC
3 µVh
(1)
3 µVh
(1)
3 µVh
RSOC
FLAGS
VOLT
TEMP
ARTTE
AR
1%
0x0A
Status flags
0x09 − 0x08
0x07 − 0x06
0x05 − 0x04
0x03 − 0x02
0x01
Reported voltage high − low byte
Reported temperature high − low byte
At rate time-to-empty high − low byte
At rate high − low byte
1 mV
0.25°K
1 minute
(1)
3 µV
MODE
CTRL
Device mode register
0x00
Device control register
(1)
Divide by R (mΩ) to convert µV to mA or µVh to mAh.
S
10
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
REGISTER DESCRIPTIONS
Device Control Register (CTRL) − Address 0x00
The device control register is used by the host system to request special operations by the bq26500. The highest
priority command set in the MODE register performs when the host writes data 0xA9 to the control register. The
CTRL register is cleared when the action is complete. Note that writing any value other than 0xA9 has no effect.
Mode Register (MODE) − Address 0x01
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
NAME
GPIEN
GPSTAT
WRTNAC
DONE
PRST
POR
FRST
SHIP
MODE
REGISTER
DESCRIPTION
GPIEN sets the state of the GPIO pin. A “1” configures the GPIO pin as input, while a “0” configures the GPIO pin
as an open-drain output. This bit is initialized to the value of bit 7 of the PKCFG register in the EEPROM
GPIEN
GPSTAT sets the state of the open drain output of the GPIO pin (GPIEN = 0). A “1” turns off the open drain out-
put while a “0” turns the output on. This bit is set to 1 on POR. When the GPIO pin is an input (GPIEN=1), this bit
returns the logic state of the GPIO pin.
GPSTAT
WRTNAC
DONE
WRTNAC is used to transfer data from the AR registers to the NAC registers. Other registers are updated as
appropriate. This command is useful during the pack manufacture and test to initialize the gauge to match the
estimated battery capacity. This bit is cleared on all resets.
DONE is used to write NAC to LMD. Useful if the host uses a charge termination method that does not allow the
monitor to detect the taper current. The host system could use this command when the charging is complete to
force update of internal registers to a full battery condition. This bit is cleared on all resets.
Partial reset. This command requests a full reset, except that the NAC, LMD, and the CI bit in FLAGS should not
be restored to their initial values. This command is intended for manufacturing use. This bit is cleared on all re-
sets.
PRST
The POR status bit is set to “1” by the bq26500 following a power-on-reset (POR). This is a flag to the host that
V
was less than V and caused a reset. The bit is cleared to “0” by the bq26500 when a full charge condi-
(POR)
CC
POR
tion is reached or it may be cleared by the host. The host may set this bit, but it has no effect on the bq26500
operation.
Full reset. This command bit requests a full reset. A full reset re-initializes all RAM registers, including the NAC,
LMD, and FLAGS registers. This command is intended for manufacturing use. This bit is cleared on all resets.
FRST
SHIP
This command bit requests that the device should be put in ship mode. See the Power Modes section for a de-
scription of the ship mode. This command is intended for manufacturing use. This bit is cleared on all resets.
WRTNAC, DONE, PRST, FRST, and SHIP commands are prioritized in bit order. This means that WRTNAC
(bit 5) has higher priority than DONE (bit 4); PRST (bit 3) has higher priority than FRST (bit 1), and so on. Only
the highest priority mode set is enabled each time the CTRL register is written with data 0xA9, and the firmware
clears all other mode bits and the CTRL register when that action is complete. The host system must make two
writes for every mode to be enabled, one write to the mode register to set the appropriate bit and a second write
to the CTRL register to signal that the mode should be enabled.
11
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
At Rate Registers (ARH/ARL) − Address 0x02/0x03
For the bq26500, the host writes the current value to this register for predictive calculation of time-to-empty. The
device uses this value to predict the time-to-empty at any desired current. The current value written into this
register pair is always assumed to be a discharge current. The value written to AR should be the predicted
voltage across the sense resistor expressed in units of 3 µV per count.
This register is also used during pack manufacturing to input a nominal available charge (NAC) value to set the
NAC registers to the approximate initial pack capacity value.
At Rate Time to Empty Registers (ARTTEL/ARTTEH) − Address 0x04/0x05
Predicted time-to-empty, in minutes, at user entered discharge rate. The discharge current used in the
calculation is entered by the host system in the at-rate (AR) registers. The at-rate capacitance (ARCAP) value
used may be larger or smaller than CACT. It is computed using the same formulas as CACT, except the
discharge compensation is computed using AR, instead of average discharge current (AI), for the discharge
rate. The equation used to predict at rate time-to-empty is:
ARCAP
ARTTE + 60
AR
(1)
The host system has read only access to this register pair.
Reported Temperature Registers (TEMPL/TEMPH) − Address 0x06/0x07
The TEMPH and the TEMPL registers contain the reported die temperature. The temperature is expressed in
units of 0.25°K per count and updated every 2 seconds. The equation to calculate reported pack temperature
is:
T
+ 0.25 (256 TEMPH ) TEMPL)
PACK
(2)
The host system has read-only access to this register pair.
Reported Battery Voltage Registers (VOLTL/VOLTH) − Address 0x08/0x09
The VOLTH and the VOLTL low-byte registers contain the reported battery voltage measured on the BAT pin.
Voltage is expressed in mV and is updated every two seconds. Reported voltage cannot exceed 5000 mV. The
host system has read only access to this register pair.
12
www.ti.com
ꢀ
ꢁ
ꢂ
ꢃ
ꢄ
ꢅ
ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Status Flag Register (FLAGS) − Address 0x0A
BIT 7
CHGS
0
BIT 6
NOACT
0
BIT 5
IMIN
0
BIT 4
CI
BIT 3
RSVD
0
BIT 2
VDQ
0
BIT 1
EDV1
0
BIT 0
EDVF
0
NAME
POR STATUS
1
MODE
DESCRIPTION
REGISTER
Charge-state flag. A “1” in the CHGS indicates a charge current (VSRP > VSRN). A “0” indicates a lack of charge
activity. This bit should be read when the host system reads the average current register pair to determine the
sign of the average current magnitude. This bit is cleared to “0” on all resets.
CHGS
No-activity flag. A “1” indicates that the voltage across R is less than the digital magnitude filter. See the Digital
S
NOACT
Magnitude Filter section for more information. This bit is cleared to ”0” on all resets.
Li-ion taper current detection flag. A “1” indicates that the charge current has tapered to less than the taper value
set in EEPROM and that the battery voltage is greater than or equal to the value selected by the QV0 and QV1
bits in the PKCFG register (see EEPROM Data Registers description for more details). This bit is cleared to “0” on
all resets.
IMIN
Capacity Inaccurate flag. A ”1” indicates that the firmware has not been through a valid learning cycle and is bas-
ing all calculations on design values programmed into EEPROM. This bit will be set on a full reset and will only be
cleared on a LMD update following a learning cycle.
CI
RSVD
VDQ
Reserved bit.
Valid-discharge flag. A “1” indicates that the bq26500 has met all necessary requirements for a capacity learning
discharge cycle. This bit clears to “0” on a LMD update or condition that disqualifies a learning cycle. This bit is
cleared to “0” on all resets.
End-of-discharge-voltage-1 flag. A “1” indicates that voltage on the BAT pin is less than or equal to the EDV1
voltage programmed in EEPROM and the battery has less than or equal to 6.25% of LMD capacity remaining.
LMD updates immediately if the VDQ bit is set when this bit transitions from 0 to 1. This bit is cleared to ”0” on all
resets or when charging.
EDV1
EDVF
End-of-discharge-voltage-final flag. A “1” indicates that the battery has discharged fully based on design capacity
programmed in EEPROM. Used to define the empty capacity threshold. This bit is cleared to ”0” on all resets or
when charging.
The host system has read-only access to this register.
13
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Relative State of Charge (RSOC) – Address 0x0B
RSOC reports the battery charge as a percentage of the last measured discharge value (LMD). This value
should be used if the end equipment reports percentage rather than time-to-empty. The equation is:
NAC
LMD
RSOC(%) + 100
(3)
The host system has read-only access to this register.
Nominal Available Capacity Registers (NACL/NACH) – Address 0x0C/0x0D
Uncompensated available capacity in the battery. NAC is reported in counts of 3 µVh. This register pair
increments during charge (V > V ) and decrements during discharge (V < V ). The NAC registers
SRP
SRN
SRP
SRN
are cleared when the BAT voltage is less than or equal to EDVF while discharging. The NAC registers are
cleared during reset or power-on-reset (POR), if RAM corruption is detected. The register value is retained after
a reset if RAM corruption is not detected. The host system has read only access to this register pair.
Discharge Rate Compensated Available Capacity Registers (CACDL/CACDH) – Address 0x0E/0x0F
Available capacity in the battery, compensated for discharge rate. CACD is reported in counts of 3 µVh. This
register pair follows NAC during charge and discharge by an amount computed from the measured discharge
rate and the discharge rate compensation value programmed into EEPROM. CACD is not allowed to increase
while discharging, so that if the discharge rate decreases, the available capacity does not increase. CACD
equals NAC if the CHGS bit is “1”. If CHGS is “0”, CACD is the smaller of the previous and new computed
values. The host system has read-only access to this register pair.
Temperature Compensated CACD Registers (CACTL/CACTH) – Address 0x10/0x11
Available capacity in the battery, compensated for discharge rate and temperature. CACT is reported in counts
of 3 µVh. This register pair follows CACD during both charge and discharge unless the temperature is less than
the threshold programmed into EEPROM. Once the temperature falls below the programmed threshold, the
CACT value is reduced from CACD by an amount computed from ILMD and the temperature compensation
constants programmed into EEPROM. The host system has read only access to this register pair.
Last Measured Discharge Registers (LMDL/LMDH) – Address 0x12/0x13
Last measured discharge, used as a measured full reference, is based on the measured discharge capacity
of the battery from full to empty. LMD is reported in counts of 3 µVh.The firmware updates LMD on a valid
capacity learning cycle, which is defined as the battery reaching the EDV1 level while the VDQ bit is set. Used
with NAC register values to calculate relative state of charge (RSOC). The host system has read only access
to this register pair.
14
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Reserved Registers
The addresses 0x14 – 0x6D and addresses 0x6F – 0x75 are reserved and cannot be written by the host.
EEPROM Enable Register (EE_EN) – Address 0x6E
Register used to enable host writes to EEPROM data locations (addresses 0x76 – 0x7F). Host must write data
0xDD to this register to enable EEPROM programming. See the Programming the EEPROM section for further
information on programming the EEPROM bytes.
EEPROM Data Registers (EE_DATA) – Address 0x76 – 0x7F
The EEPROM data registers contain information vital to the performance of the device. These registers are to
be programmed during pack manufacturing to allow flexibility in the design values of the battery to be monitored.
The EEPROM data registers are listed in Table 2. Detailed descriptions of what should be programmed follows.
See Programming the EEPROM for detailed information on writing the values to EEPROM.
Table 2. bq26500 EEPROM Memory Map
ADDRESS
0x7F
NAME
TCOMP
DCOMP
ID3
FUNCTION
Temperature compensation constants, OR, ID#1
Discharge rate compensation constants, OR, ID#2
ID#3
0x7E
0x7D
0x7C
0x7B
0x7A
0x79
PKCFG
TAPER
DMFSD
ISLC
Pack configuration values
Charge termination taper current
Digital magnitude filter and self-discharge rate constants
Initial standby load current
0x78
SEDV1
SEDVF
ILMD
Scaled EDV1 threshold
0x77
Scaled EDVF threshold
0x76
Initial last measured discharge high byte
15
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Initial Last Measured Discharge High Byte (ILMD) – Address 0x76
This register contains the scaled design capacity of the battery to be monitored. The equation to calculate the
initial LMD is:
Design Capacity (mAh) R (mW)
S
ILMD +
(
256 3 mVh)
(4)
where R is the value of the sense resistor used in the system. This value is used as the high byte for the initial
S
LMD values. The initial low byte value is “0”.
Scaled EDVF Threshold (SEDVF) – Address 0x77
This register contains the scaled value of the threshold for zero battery capacity. To calculate the value to
program, use the following equation:
Design EDVF (mV)
SEDVF +
* 256
8
(5)
Scaled EDV1 Threshold (SEDV1) – Address 0x78
This register contains the scaled value of the voltage when the battery has 6.25% remaining capacity. When
the battery reaches this threshold during a valid discharge, the device learns the full battery capacity, including
the remaining 6.25%. To calculate the value to program, use the following equation:
Design EDV1 (mV)
SEDV1 +
* 256
8
(6)
Initial Standby Load Current (ISLC) – Address 0x79
This register contains the scaled end equipment design standby current. A capacity learning cycle is disqualified
if average current is less than or equal to two times the initial standby load when the EDV1 threshold voltage
is reached. The equation for programming this value is:
Design Standby Current (mA) R (mW)
S
ISLC +
6 (mV)
(7)
where R is the value of the sense resistor used in the system.
S
16
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Digital Magnitude Filter and Self-Discharge Values (DMFSD) – Address 0x7A
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
NAME
DMF[3]
DMF[2]
DMF[1]
DMF[0]
SD[3]
SD[2]
SD[1]
SD[0]
MODE
REGISTER
DMF[3]
DESCRIPTION
Sets the digital magnitude filter (DMF) threshold. See Digital Magnitude Filter section for more information on the
function of the DMF. The value to be programmed is:
DMF[2]
DMF[1]
Design Threshold
DMF[0]
DMF[3 : 0] +
, mV
6
Sets the self-discharge rate %/day value at 25°C. NAC is reduced with an estimated self-discharge correction to
adjust for the expected self-discharge of the battery. This estimation is only performed when the battery is not
being charged. The rate programmed in EEPROM for DMFSD determines the self-discharge when 20°C
≤ TEMP < 30°C. The self-discharge estimation is doubled for each 10°C decade hotter than the 20°C−30°C
decade, up to a maximum of 16 times the programmed rate for TEMP ≥ 60°C and is halved for each 10°C
decade colder than the 20°C−30°C decade, down to a minimum of one-quarter the programmed rate for TEMP <
0°C. The self-discharge estimation is performed by reducing NAC by NAC/512 at a time interval that achieves
the desired estimation. If DMFSD is programmed with 12 decimal, the self-discharge rate is 0.195% per day in
the 20°C−30°C decade. This is accomplished by reducing NAC by NAC/512 (100/512 = 0.195%) a single time
every 24 hours. If temperature rises by 10°C, the 0.195% NAC reduction is made every 12 hours. The value to
be programmed is:
SD[3]
SD[2]
SD[1]
SD[0]
2.34
, %/day
SD[3 : 0] +
Design SD
Taper Current (TAPER) − Address 0x7B
This register contains the scaled end equipment design charge taper current. This value, in addition to battery
voltage, is used to determine when the battery has reached a full charge state. The equation for programming
this value is:
I
(mA) R (mW)
TAPER
S
TAPER +
192 (mV)
(8)
where R is the value of the sense resistor used in the system.
S
17
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Pack Configuration (PKCFG) − Address 0x7C
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
NAME
GPIEN
QV1
QV0
RSVD
RSVD
RSVD
DCFIX
TCFIX
PKCFG
REGISTER
DESCRIPTION
Allows the pack manufacturer to set the state of the GPIO pin on initial power up. If the bit is “0”, the GPIEN bit is
cleared on reset and the GPIO pin acts as a high impedance output. If the bit is “1”, the GPIEN bit is set on reset
and the GPIO pin acts as an input. The state of the GPIO pin can then be read through the GPSTAT bit in the
MODE register.
GPIEN
QV1
These bits set the end voltage for charge termination. The terminating voltage is set as shown in Table 3.
No function.
QV2
RSVD
Fixed discharge compensation. Normal discharge rate compensation (DCOMP register) is used if this bit is set to
“0”. If this bit is set to “1”, the device assumes a fixed value of 0x42 for DCOMP, giving a discharge rate
compensation gain of 6.25% with a compensation threshold of C/4. Setting the bit to “1” frees the EEPROM
location of 0x7E for use as a programmable identification byte.
DCFIX
TCFIX
Fixed temperature compensation. Normal temperature compensation (TCOMP register) is used if this bit is set to
“0”. If this bit is set to “1”, the device assumes a fixed value of 0x7C for TCOMP, giving a temperature
compensation gain of 0.68% of Design Capacity/°C with an offset of 12°C. Setting this bit to “1” frees the
EEPROM location of 0x7F for use as a programmable identification byte.
Table 3. Charge Termination Voltage Settings
QV1
QV2
VOLTAGE (mV)
3968
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
4016
4064
4112
18
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Identification Byte #3 (ID3) − Address 0x7D
This register may be programmed to any desired value.The contents do not affect the operation of the bq26500.
Discharge Rate Compensation Constants (DCOMP) or ID2 − Address 0x7E
This register is used to set the compensation coefficients for discharge rate. These coefficients are applied to
the nominal available charge (NAC) to more accurately predict capacity at high discharge rates.
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
NAME
DCGN[5]
DCGN[4]
DCGN[3]
DCGN[2]
DCGN[1]
DCGN[0] DCOFF[1] DCOFF[0]
MODE
REGISTER
DCGN[5]
DESCRIPTION
DCGN[4]
DCGN[3]
DCGN[2]
DCGN[1]
DCGN[0]
DCOFF[1]
DCOFF[0]
Discharge rate compensation gain. Used to set the slope of the discharge capacity compensation as a
percentage of discharge current. The gain factor adjustment is in increments of 0.39% of discharge current in
excess of the DCOFF value. The equation for programming the value is:
DCGN[5:0] = 2.56 × design discharge compensation gain %
These bits set the discharge threshold of compensating the nominal available charge for discharge rate. The
threshold is set as shown in Table 4.
Table 4. Discharge Rate Compensation Thresholds
DCOFF
THRESHOLD
DCOFF[1]
DCOFF[0]
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
LMD/2
LMD/4
LMD/8
Discharge compensation, DCMP, is computed from these coefficients as follows:
DCGN (AI * DCOFF)
DCMP +
256
(9)
where DCMP is restricted to ≥ 0. AI is the average discharge current. The CACD register then takes on the value:
CACD + NAC * (DCMP * DCMPADJ), if DCMP u DCMPADJ or
CACD + NAC, if DCMP v DCMPADJ
(10)
(11)
where DCMPADJ is the value of DCMP at a previous EDV1 detection. This allows the compensation for CACD
to adapt as the LMD value is learned.
If PKCFG[1]=1, the device assumes a fixed value of 0x42 for DCOMP, giving a discharge rate compensation
gain of 6.25% with a compensation threshold of C/4. This frees the EEPROM location of 0x7E for a user-defined
identification byte, ID2.
19
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Temperature Compensation Constants (TCOMP) or ID1 – Address 0x7F
This register is used to set the compensation coefficients for temperature. These coefficients are applied to the
discharge rate compensated available charge (CACD) to more accurately predict capacity available at cold
temperature.
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
NAME
TCGN[3]
TCGN[2]
TCGN[1]
TCGN[0]
TOFF[3]
TOFF[2]
TOFF[1]
TOFF[0]
MODE
REGISTER
TCGN[3]
DESCRIPTION
Temperature compensation gain. Used to set the slope of the compensation as a percentage of design capacity
TCGN[2]
TCGN[1]
TCGN[0]
TOFF[3]
TOFF[2]
TOFF[1]
TOFF[0]
(DC) decrease per °C. The equation for programming the value is:
TCGN[3:0] = 10.24 × design temp compensation gain % DC/°C
Temperature compensation offset. Used to set the offset of the compensation. The temperature threshold is also
used as the cold temperature disqualification for learning cycle even if TCGN=0. The equation for programming
the value is:
TOFF[3:0] = design temp compensation offset (°K) − 273
Temperature compensation, TCMP, is computed from these coefficients as follows:
ILMD (273 ) TOFF * T)
TCMP + TCGN
4
(12)
where T is the temperature in °K and T < 273 + TOFF. TCMP = 0 if T ≥ 273 + TOFF. CACT is then computed
as follows:
CACT + CACD * (TCMP * TCMPADJ)
(13)
where TEMPADJ is the value of TCMP at EDV1 or is equal to zero, depending on whether the EDV1 condition
or full condition respectively, occurred last.
If PKCFG[0]=1, the device assumes a fixed value of 0x7C for TCOMP, giving a temperature compensation gain
of 0.68% DC/°C with an offset of 12°C. This frees the EEPROM location of 0x7F for a user-defined identification
byte, ID1.
20
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
POWER MODES
The bq26500 has four power modes: active, sleep, ship, and hibernate. Figure 5 shows the flow that moves the
device between the active, sleep, and ship modes. Hibernate is a special mode not included in the flow. Detailed
explanations of each mode follow the diagram.
Active Mode
NO
HDQ low for
16 seconds?
YES
NO
V
Rs
below DMF
threshold?
Ship Enabled?
NO
YES
YES
Sleep Mode
Ship Mode
NO
HDQ pulled
high?
HDQ pulled
high?
4 hour wake?
YES
NO
NO
YES
YES
NO
1st, 4th, 7th, etc.
wakeup?
Device enters
active mode for
16 seconds
YES
Figure 5. Power Mode Flow Chart
21
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Active Mode
During normal operation, the device is in active mode, which corresponds to the highest power consumption.
Normal gas gauging is performed in this mode. If system requirements mandate that bq26500 should not enter
sleep or ship modes then an external pull-up resistor between V
and HDQ is required on the bq26500 side
CC
of the system. The resistor value chosen should be small enough to force a logic “1” on HDQ even with the HDQ
internal pull-down current and any external ESD protection circuitry loading.
Sleep Mode
This low power mode is entered when the HDQ line is pulled low for at least 16 seconds and the charge or
discharge activity is below the digital magnitude filter. It may take up to 30 minutes to determine the no-activity
condition after charge or discharge current is removed. Normal gas gauging ceases, but battery self-discharge,
based on the temperature when the device entered sleep mode, is maintained internally. The device wakes
every 4 hours to perform a temperature conversion and will go back to sleep after 16 seconds if the HDQ line
is still low. bq26500 has an internal pull-down device that sinks less than I
sleep mode if the battery pack is pulled from the system and there is not a pull-up mechanism present.
, allowing the device to enter
HDQPD
When the device wakes the first time to perform a temperature update, it stays in active mode long enough to
confirm that the charge or discharge activity is still below the digital magnitude filter threshold. This is meant
to minimize possible error if the battery pack is removed from the end equipment and is later re-inserted without
a transition on the HDQ line. This is only an issue if the system has some current drain from the battery even
though HDQ is pulled low. The activity check will take 15 minutes to complete. The device reenters sleep mode
if the activity is below the digital magnitude filter threshold. The device repeats the activity check every 3
wakeups (12 hours).
When the HDQ line is pulled high, the device leaves the sleep mode. The device enters the sleep mode again
only after the HDQ line is pulled low for at least 16 seconds and the charge/discharge activity is below the digital
magnitude filter threshold. If the DMF threshold is set to zero and HDQ line is pulled low, the device enters sleep
mode if the VFC activity is less than 2 counts in 15 minutes. This is equivalent to approximately 24 µV across
the current-sense resistor.
A 100-kΩ pull-up resistor from HDQ to V
can be added in the battery pack to disable the sleep function.
CC
Ship Mode
This low power mode is to be used when the pack manufacturer has completed assembly and test of the pack.
The ship mode is enabled by setting the SHIP bit in the MODE register and issuing the control command (data
0xA9 to register 0x00). Ship mode is entered only after the ship mode is enabled and the HDQ line has been
pulled low for 16 seconds. This allows the pack manufacturer to enable the ship mode and pull the pack from
the test equipment without any additional overhead. After the ship mode has been enabled but before the device
has entered ship mode, transients on the HDQ line do not cause the device to stay in active mode.
All device functionality stops in ship mode and it does not start again until the HDQ line is pulled high (by plugging
it into the end equipment) or the battery voltage drops below and then rises above the V
threshold. Care
(POR)
should be taken to ensure that there are no glitches on the HDQ line after the device enters ship mode or else
the device enters the active mode. It enters sleep if HDQ remains low, but does not re-enter ship mode unless
another ship mode command is sent.
22
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Hibernate Mode
The device enters hibernate mode when V
drops below V
and there is a voltage source connected to
CC
(POR)
the RBI pin. V
must be raised above V
in order to exit the hibernate mode. This mode retains RAM
CC
(POR)
integrity and allows retention of remaining capacity, learned LMD, and the CI flag.
PROGRAMMING THE EEPROM
The bq26500 has 10 bytes of EEPROM that are used for firmware control and application data (see the Register
Descriptions section for more information). Programming the EEPROM through the HDQ pin should take place
during pack manufacturing, as a 21-V pulse is needed on the GPIO pin. The programming mode must be
enabled prior to writing any values to the EEPROM locations. The programming mode is enabled by writing to
the EE_EN register (address 0x6E) with data 0xDD. Once the programming mode is enabled, the desired data
can be written to the appropriate address. Figure 6 shows the method for programming all locations.
Host enables EEPROM programming
mode / write data 0xDD to address 0x6E
Host writes data addresses
0x76 to 0x7F
Host reads data
address to be programmed
V
pulse applied to
(PROG)
GPIO pin for t
(PROG)
Host increments
address and reads
No
Programmed
0x7F?
Yes
Write data 0x00 to address 0x6E
Figure 6. EEPROM Programming Flow Chart
It is not required that addresses 0x76 − 0x7F be programmed at the same time or in any particular order. The
programming method illustrated in Figure 6 can be used to program any of the bytes as long as the sequence
of enable, write, read, apply programming pulse, and disable is followed.
23
www.ti.com
ꢀ ꢁ ꢂ ꢃꢄ ꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
COMMUNICATING WITH THE bq26500
The bq26500 includes a single-wire HDQ serial data interface. Host processors, configured for either polled or
interrupt processing, can use the interface to access various bq26500 registers. The HDQ pin is an open drain
device, which requires an external pull-up resistor. The interface uses a command-based protocol, where the
host processor sends a command byte to the bq26500. The command directs the bq26500 to either store the
next eight bits of data received to a register specified by the command byte, or to output the eight bits of data
from a register specified by the command byte.
The communication protocol is asynchronous return-to-one and is referenced to V . Command and data bytes
SS
consist of a stream of eight bits that have a maximum transmission rate of 5 Kbits/s. The least-significant bit
of a command or data byte is transmitted first. Data input from the bq26500 may be sampled using the
pulse-width capture timers available on some microcontrollers. A UART can also be configured to communicate
with the bq26500.
If a communication time-out occurs (for example, if the host waits longer than t
for the bq26500 to
(RSPS)
respond) or if this is the first access command, then a BREAK should be sent by the host. The host may then
resend the command. The bq26500 detects a BREAK when the HDQ pin is driven to a logic-low state for a time
t
or greater when the bus is free. If the host sends a BREAK when the bq26500 is transmitting a bit, it is
(B)
possible that the BREAK would be ignored. Best practice is to hold all BREAK transmissions for twice the
minimum time listed in the HDQ specification table. The HDQ pin then returns to its normal ready-high logic state
for a time t
.The bq26500 is then ready for a command from the host processor.
(BR)
The return-to-one data-bit frame consists of three distinct sections:
1. The first section starts the transmission by either the host or the bq26500 taking the HDQ pin to a logic-low
state for a period equal to t
or t
.
(HW1)
(DW1)
2. The next section is the actual data transmission, where the data should be valid for t
− t
or t
−
(HW0) (HW1)
(DW0)
t
.
(DW1)
3. The final section stops the transmission by returning the HDQ pin to a logic-high state and holding it high
until the time from bit start to bit end is equal to t or t
.
(CYCD)
(CYCH)
The HDQ line may remain high for an indefinite period of time between each bit of address or between each
bit of data on a write cycle. After the last bit of address is sent on a read cycle, the bq26500 starts outputting
the data after t
with timing as specified. The serial communication timing specification and illustration
(RSPS)
sections give the timings for data and break communication. Communication with the bq26500 always occurs
with the least-significant bit being transmitted first.
Plugging in the battery pack may be seen as the start of a communication due to contact bounce. It is
recommended that each communication or string of communications be preceded by a break to reset the HDQ
engine.
24
www.ti.com
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃ ꢄꢅ ꢅ
ꢆ
SLUS567A − JUNE, 2003 − REVISED OCTOBER 2003
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Command Byte
The command byte of the bq26500 consists of eight contiguous valid command bits. The command byte
contains two fields: W/R command and address. The command byte values are shown in the following table:
BIT 7
BIT 6
BIT 5
BIT 4
BIT 3
BIT 2
BIT 1
BIT 0
NAME
W/R
AD6
AD5
AD4
AD3
AD2
AD1
AD0
MODE
REGISTER
DESCRIPTION
W/R indicates whether the command bytes is a read or write command. A “1” indicates a write command and
that the following eight bits should be written to the register specified by the address field of the command byte,
while a “0” indicates that the command is a read. On a read command, the bq26500 outputs the requested
register contents specified by the address field portion of the command Byte.
W/R
AD[6]
AD[5]
AD[4]
AD[3]
AD[2]
AD[1]
AD[0]
The seven bits labeled AD6 through AD0 containing the address portion of the register to be accessed
Reading 16 bit Registers
Since 16-bit values are only read 8 bits at a time with the HDQ interface, it is possible that the device may update
the register value between the time the host reads the first and second bytes. To prevent any system issues,
any 16-bit values read by the host should be read using the following protocol. The entire read sequence should
complete in less than 0.8 s, the fastest rate at which any register pair is updated.
1. Read high byte (H0)
2. Read low byte (L0)
3. Read high byte (H1)
4. If H1 = H0, then valid result is H0, L0
5. Otherwise, read low byte (L1) and valid result is H1, L1.
25
www.ti.com
MECHANICAL DATA
MTSS001C – JANUARY 1995 – REVISED FEBRUARY 1999
PW (R-PDSO-G**)
PLASTIC SMALL-OUTLINE PACKAGE
14 PINS SHOWN
0,30
0,19
M
0,10
0,65
14
8
0,15 NOM
4,50
4,30
6,60
6,20
Gage Plane
0,25
1
7
0°–8°
A
0,75
0,50
Seating Plane
0,10
0,15
0,05
1,20 MAX
PINS **
8
14
16
20
24
28
DIM
3,10
2,90
5,10
4,90
5,10
4,90
6,60
6,40
7,90
9,80
9,60
A MAX
A MIN
7,70
4040064/F 01/97
NOTES: A. All linear dimensions are in millimeters.
B. This drawing is subject to change without notice.
C. Body dimensions do not include mold flash or protrusion not to exceed 0,15.
D. Falls within JEDEC MO-153
POST OFFICE BOX 655303 • DALLAS, TEXAS 75265
IMPORTANT NOTICE
Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries (TI) reserve the right to make corrections, modifications,
enhancements, improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue
any product or service without notice. Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing
orders and should verify that such information is current and complete. All products are sold subject to TI’s terms
and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.
TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in
accordance with TI’s standard warranty. Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI
deems necessary to support this warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all
parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design. Customers are responsible for
their products and applications using TI components. To minimize the risks associated with customer products
and applications, customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.
TI does not warrant or represent that any license, either express or implied, is granted under any TI patent right,
copyright, maskworkright, orotherTIintellectualpropertyrightrelatingtoanycombination, machine, orprocess
in which TI products or services are used. Information published by TI regarding third-party products or services
does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement thereof.
Use of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property
of the third party, or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.
Reproduction of information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without
alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties, conditions, limitations, and notices. Reproduction
of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for
such altered documentation.
Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that
product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and
is an unfair and deceptive business practice. TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.
Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application
solutions:
Products
Applications
Audio
Amplifiers
amplifier.ti.com
www.ti.com/audio
Data Converters
dataconverter.ti.com
Automotive
www.ti.com/automotive
DSP
dsp.ti.com
Broadband
Digital Control
Military
www.ti.com/broadband
www.ti.com/digitalcontrol
www.ti.com/military
Interface
Logic
interface.ti.com
logic.ti.com
Power Mgmt
Microcontrollers
power.ti.com
Optical Networking
Security
www.ti.com/opticalnetwork
www.ti.com/security
www.ti.com/telephony
www.ti.com/video
microcontroller.ti.com
Telephony
Video & Imaging
Wireless
www.ti.com/wireless
Mailing Address:
Texas Instruments
Post Office Box 655303 Dallas, Texas 75265
Copyright 2003, Texas Instruments Incorporated
相关型号：
©2020 ICPDF网 联系我们和版权申明