HT48CA1(28SOP-A)_技术文档

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Remote Type 8-Bit MCU

Technical Document

·

Tools Information

·

FAQs

·

Application Note

-

HA0016E Writing and Reading to the HT24 EEPROM with the HT48 MCU Series

HA0018E Controlling the HT1621 LCD Controller with the HT48 MCU Series

HA0041E Using the HT48CA0 to Generate the HT6221 Output Signals

HA0075E MCU Reset and Oscillator Circuits Application Note

-

HA0076E HT48RAx/HT48CAx Software Application Note

HA0082E HT48xA0-1 and HT48xA0-2 Power-on Reset Timing

Features

·

Operating voltage: 2.0V~5.5V

HALT function and wake-up feature reduce power

consumption

·

23 bidirectional I/O lines (max.)

·

8-level subroutine nesting

·

1 interrupt input shared with an I/O line

Up to 1ms instruction cycle with 4MHz system clock at

·

8-bit programmable timer/event counter with overflow

V

_DD=3V

interrupt and 8-stage prescaler (TMR0)

·

Bit manipulation instruction

·

16-bit programmable timer/event counter and

overflow interrupts (TMR1)

16-bit table read instruction

·

On-chip crystal and RC oscillator

63 powerful instructions

·

Watchdog Timer

All instructions in one or two machine cycles

Low voltage reset function

·

8K´16 program memory

·

28-pin SOP/SSOP(209mil) package

224´8 data memory RAM

·

PFD supported

General Description

The HT48RA1/HT48CA1 are 8-bit high performance,

RISC architecture microcontroller devices specifically

designed for multiple I/O control product applications.

The data ROM can be used to store remote control

codes. The mask version HT48CA1 is fully pin and func-

tionally compatible with the OTP version HT48RA1 de-

vice.

The advantages of low power consumption, I/O flexibil-

ity, timer functions, oscillator options, watchdog timer,

programmable frequency divider, HALT and wake-up

functions, as well as low cost, enhance the versatility of

these devices to suit a wide range of application possi-

bilities such as industrial control, consumer products,

subsystem controllers, and particularly suitable for use

in products such as universal remote controller (URC).

Rev. 1.40

1

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Block Diagram

f

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Y

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Pin Assignment

P

B

A

B

5

4

3

2

1

0

3

2

1

P

O

V

R

P

B

A

6

7

4

5

6

7

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1

2

1

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

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9

8

7

6

5

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2

1

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2

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A

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8

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A

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2

8

S

O

P

-

A

/

S

O

P

-

A

Rev. 1.40

2

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Pin Description

ROM Code

Option

Pin Name I/O

Description

Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Each bit can be configured as a wake-up in-

put by a option. Software instructions determine the CMOS output or Schmitt trig-

Wake-up*

PA0~PA7

I/O

Pull-high*** ger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resistor of each input/output

line is also optional.

Bidirectional 8-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS

output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resis-

PB0/PFD

PB1~PB7

Pull-high**

tor of each input/output line is also optional. The output mode of PB0 can be

PB0 or PFD

used as an internal PFD signal output and it can be used as a various frequency

carrier signal.

Bidirectional 6-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS

PC0/TMR0

PC1~PC4

PC5/TMR1

output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resis-

Pull-high*

I/O

tor of each input/output line is also optional. PC0 and PC5 are pin shared with

TMR0 and TMR1 function pins.

Bidirectional 1-bit input/output port. Software instructions determine the CMOS

output or Schmitt trigger input with/without pull-high resistor. The pull-high resis-

Pull-high*

PF0/INT

tor of this input/output line is also optional. PF0 is pin shared with the INT func-

tion pin.

OSC1, OSC2 are connected to an RC network or Crystal (determined by option)

OSC1

OSC2

I

Crystal

for the internal system clock. In the case of RC operation, OSC2 is the output

O

or RC

terminal for 1/4 system clock.

RES

VSS

VDD

I

Schmitt trigger reset input, active low.

Negative power supply, ground

Positive power supply

¾

Note: * Bit option

** Nibble option

*** Byte option

Absolute Maximum Ratings

Supply Voltage...........................V_SS-0.3V to V_SS+6.0V

Input Voltage..............................V_SS-0.3V to V_DD+0.3V

Storage Temperature............................-50°C to 125°C

Operating Temperature...........................-40°C to 85°C

I

_OLTotal ..............................................................150mA

I

_OHTotal............................................................-100mA

Total Power Dissipation .....................................500mW

Note: These are stress ratings only. Stresses exceeding the range specified under ²Absolute Maximum Ratings² may

cause substantial damage to the device. Functional operation of this device at other conditions beyond those listed

in the specification is not implied and prolonged exposure to extreme conditions may affect device reliability.

Rev. 1.40

3

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

D.C. Characteristics

Ta=25°C

Test Conditions

Conditions

¾

Symbol

V_DD

Parameter

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

V_DD

¾

Operating Voltage

Operating Current

2.0

¾

5.5

1.5

4

V

¾

0.6

2

3V

5V

mA

I_DD1

No load, f_SYS=4MHz

No load, f_SYS=8MHz

No load, system HALT

¾

Operating Current

I_DD2

5V

4

8

mA

¾

(Crystal OSC, RC OSC)

3V

5V

3V

5V

¾

1.1

4

5

10

¾

mA

V

Standby Current (WDT Enabled and

WDT RC OSC On)

I_STB1

0.1

0.2

1

¾

I_STB2

Standby Current (WDT Disabled)

No load, system HALT

2

¾

V_IL1

V_IH1

V_IL2

V_IH2

0.3V_DD

V_DD

0.4V_DD

V_DD

2.0

3.3

¾

Input Low Voltage for I/O Ports

Input High Voltage for I/O Ports

Input Low Voltage (RES)

0

¾

1.9

3.0

8

0.7V_DD

V

¾

0

0.9V_DD

1.8

V

¾

Input High Voltage (RES)

V

¾

LVR=2.0V

LVR=3.0V

V

V_LVR

Low Voltage Reset

¾

2.7

V

3V

5V

3V

5V

3V

5V

4

mA

I_OL

V

_OL=0.1V_DD

_OH=0.9V_DD

¾

I/O Port Sink Current

I/O Port Source Current

Pull-high Resistance

10

20

¾

-2

-5

20

10

-4

-10

60

¾

I_OH

¾

100

50

kW

R_PH

30

Rev. 1.40

4

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

A.C. Characteristics

Ta=25°C

Test Conditions

Conditions

2.0V~5.5V

Symbol

Parameter

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

V_DD

¾

400

0

4000

8000

4000

8000

4000

8000

180

130

46

kHz

¾

f_SYS1

System Clock (Crystal OSC)

System Clock (RC OSC)

3.3V~5.5V

¾

2.0V~5.5V

¾

f_SYS2

3.3V~5.5V

¾

3V

5V

3V

5V

3V

5V

¾

f_TIMER

t_WDTOSC

t_WDT1

Timer I/P Frequency (TMR0/TMR1)

Watchdog Oscillator Period

50% duty

0

¾

45

32

11

8

90

65

23

17

1024

ms

¾

ms

t_SYS

Watchdog Time-out Period

(WDT OSC)

Without WDT prescaler

33

t_WDT2

t_RES

Watchdog Time-out Period (f_SYS/4)

External Reset Low Pulse Width

Without WDT prescaler

¾

1

¾

ms

Power-up reset or

t_SST

t_SYS

System Start-up Timer Period

1024

¾

wake-up from HALT

t_LVR

t_INT

Low Voltage Width to Reset

Interrupt Pulse Width

1

ms

¾

ms

Note: t_SYS=1/(f_SYS

)

Power-on Reset Characteristics

Test Conditions

Conditions

Symbol

Parameter

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

V_DD

VDD Start Voltage to Ensure

Power-on Reset

V_POR

RR_VDD

t_POR

0

mV

V/ms

ms

¾

VDD raising rate to Ensure

Power-on Reset

0.05

200

¾

Minimum Time for VDD Stays at

V

_PORto Ensure Power-on Reset

V

D

t

P

O

R

V

R

D

V

P

O

R

T

i

m

Rev. 1.40

5

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Functional Description

Execution Flow

incremented by one. The program counter then points to

the memory word containing the next instruction code.

The system clock for the MCU is derived from either a

crystal or an RC oscillator. The system clock is internally

divided into four non-overlapping clocks. One instruc-

tion cycle consists of four system clock cycles.

When executing a jump instruction, conditional skip ex-

ecution, loading register, subroutine call or return from

subroutine, initial reset, internal interrupt, external inter-

rupt or return from interrupts, the PC manipulates the

program transfer by loading the address corresponding

to each instruction.

Instruction fetching and execution are pipelined in such

a way that a fetch takes an instruction cycle while de-

coding and execution takes the next instruction cycle.

However, the pipelining scheme causes each instruc-

tion to effectively execute in a cycle. If an instruction

changes the program counter, two cycles are required to

complete the instruction.

The conditional skip is activated by instructions. Once

the condition is met, the next instruction, fetched during

the current instruction execution, is discarded and a

dummy cycle replaces it to get the proper instruction.

Otherwise proceed to the next instruction.

Program Counter - PC

The lower byte of the program counter (PCL) is a read-

able and writeable register (06H). Moving data into the

PCL performs a short jump. The destination will be

within the current program ROM page.

The program counter (PC) controls the sequence in

which the instructions stored in the program ROM are

executed and its contents specify a full range of pro-

gram memory.

When a control transfer takes place, an additional

dummy cycle is required.

After accessing a program memory word to fetch an in-

struction code, the contents of the program counter are

T

1

T

2

T

3

T

1

T

4

T

2

T

3

T

1

T

4

T

2

T

3

T

4

S

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2

(

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P

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P

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+

1

P

C

+

2

P

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(

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S T

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1

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+

2

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+

1

Execution Flow

Program Counter

Mode

*12~*8

00000

*7

0

*6

0

*5

0

*4

0

*3

0

*2

0

*1

0

*0

0

Initial Reset

External Interrupt

0

1

0

Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow

Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow

Skip

0

1

0

1

0

Program Counter + 2

Loading PCL

*12~*8

@7

#7

@6

#6

@5

#5

@4

#4

@3

#3

@2

#2

@1

#1

@0

#0

Jump, Call Branch

Return (RET, RETI)

#12~#8

S12~S8

S7

S6

S5

S4

S3

S2

S1

S0

Program Counter

Note: *12~*0: Program counter bits

#12~#0: Instruction code bits

S12~S0: Stack register bits

@7~@0: PCL bits

Rev. 1.40

6

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

0

4

H

Program Memory - ROM

D

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The program memory is used to store the program in-

structions which are to be executed. It also contains

data, table, and interrupt entries, and is organized into

8192´16 bits, addressed by the program counter and ta-

ble pointer.

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Certain locations in the program memory are reserved

for special usage:

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0

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·

Location 000H

L

o

k

-

u

p

T

a

b

l

e

(

2

5

6

This area is reserved for program initialization. After

chip reset, the program always begins execution at lo-

cation 000H.

n

F

H

·

Location 004H

This area is reserved for the external interrupt service

program. If the INT input pin is activated, the interrupt

is enabled and the stack is not full, the program begins

execution at location 004H.

L

o

k

-

u

p

T

a

b

l

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(

2

5

6

1

F

H

1

6

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0

·

Location 008H

Program Memory

This area is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter 0 in-

terrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results

from a Timer/Event Counter 0 overflow, and if the in-

terrupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program

begins execution at location 008H .

terrupt(s) is supposed to be disabled prior to the table

read instruction. It (They) will not be enabled until the

TBLH in the main routine has been backup. All table

related instructions require 2 cycles to complete the

operation.

·

Location 00CH

This location is reserved for the Timer/Event Counter

1 interrupt service program. If a timer interrupt results

from a Timer/Event Counter 1 overflow, and the inter-

rupt is enabled and the stack is not full, the program

begins execution at location 00CH.

Stack Register - STACK

This is a special part of the memory which is used to

save the contents of the program counter (PC) only. The

stack is organized into 8 levels and is neither part of the

data nor part of the program space, and is neither read-

able nor writeable. The activated level is indexed by the

stack pointer (SP) and is neither readable nor writeable.

At a subroutine call or interrupt acknowledge signal, the

contents of the program counter are pushed onto the

stack. At the end of a subroutine or an interrupt routine,

signaled by a return instruction (RET or RETI), the pro-

gram counter is restored to its previous value from the

stack. After a chip reset, the SP will point to the top of the

stack.

·

Table location

Any location in the program memory can be used as

look-up tables. The instructions ²TABRDC [m]² (page

specified by TBHP) and ²TABRDL [m]² (the last page)

transfer the contents of the lower-order byte to the

specified data memory, and the higher-order byte to

TBLH (08H). The higher-order byte table pointer

TBHP (1FH) and lower-order byte table pointer TBLP

(07H) are read/write registers, which indicate the table

locations. Before accessing the table, the location has

to be placed in TBHP and TBLP. The TBLH is read

only and cannot be restored. If the main routine and

the ISR (interrupt service routine) both employ the ta-

ble read instruction, the contents of TBLH in the main

routine are likely to be changed by the table read in-

struction used in the ISR. Errors are thus brought

about. Given this, using the table read instruction in

the main routine and the ISR simultaneously should

be avoided. However, if the table read instruction has

to be applied in both main routine and the ISR, the in-

If the stack is full and a non-masked interrupt takes

place, the interrupt request flag will be recorded but the

acknowledge signal will be inhibited. When the stack

pointer is decremented (by RET or RETI), the interrupt

will be serviced. This feature prevents stack overflow al-

lowing the programmer to use the structure more easily.

In a similar case, if the stack is full and a ²CALL² is sub-

Table Location

Instruction

*12~*8

TBHP

11111

*7

*6

*5

*4

*3

*2

*1

*0

TABRDC [m]

TABRDL [m]

@7

@6

@5

@4

@3

@2

@1

@0

Table Location

Note: *12~*0: Table location bits

Rev. 1.40

@7~@0: Table pointer bits

7

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

I

n

d

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e

c

t

A

d

r

e

s

i

n

g

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

H

sequently executed, stack overflow occurs and the first

entry will be lost (only the most recent 8 return ad-

dresses are stored).

M

P

0

1

Data Memory - RAM

A

C

The data memory is designed with 249´8 bits. The data

memory is divided into two functional groups: special

function registers and general purpose data memory

(224´8). Most are read/write, but some are read only.

P

C

L

T

B

L

P

T

L

B

H

W

D

T

S

T

A

T

U

S

0

A

B

H

The special function registers include the indirect ad-

dressing registers (R0;00H, R1;02H), Timer/Event

Counter 0 (TMR0;0DH), Timer/Event Counter 0 control

register (TMR0C;0EH), Timer/Event Counter 1 higher

order byte register (TMR1H;0FH), Timer/Event Coun-

ter 1 lower order byte register (TMR1L;10H),

Timer/Event Counter 1 control register (TMR1C;11H),

program counter lower-order byte register (PCL;06H),

memory pointer registers (MP0;01H, MP1;03H), accu-

mulator (ACC;05H), table pointer (TBLP;07H, TBHP;

1FH), table higher-order byte register (TBLH;08H), sta-

tus register (STATUS;0AH), interrupt control register

(INTC;0BH), Watchdog Timer option setting register

(WDTS;09H), I/O registers (PA;12H, PB;14H, PC;16H,

PF;1CH), and I/O control registers (PAC;13H,

PBC;15H, PCC;17H, PFC;1DH). The remaining space

before the 20H is reserved for future expanded usage

and reading these locations will get ²00H². The general

purpose data memory, addressed from 20H to FFH, is

used for data and control information under instruction

commands.

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C

0

C

D

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p

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M

R

0

D

A

T

A

M

T

M

R

0

1

C

H

0

E

H

0

F

H

T

M

R

1

L

1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

T

M

R

1

C

P

A

B

P

A

B

C

P

C

P

C

:

U

n

u

1

A

B

H

R

e

a

d

a

s

1

C

D

H

P

F

P

F

C

1

E

H

1

F

H

T

B

H

P

2

0

H

All of the data memory areas can handle arithmetic,

logic, increment, decrement and rotate operations di-

rectly. Except for some dedicated bits, each bit in the

data memory can be set and reset by ²SET [m].i² and

²CLR [m].i². They are also indirectly accessible through

memory pointer registers (MP0 or MP1).

G

e

n

e

r

a

l

P

u

r

p

o

s

e

D

A

T

A

M

E

M

O

R

Y

(

2

4

B

y

t

e

s

)

F

H

Indirect Addressing Register

RAM Mapping

Location 00H and 02H are indirect addressing registers

that are not physically implemented. Any read/write op-

eration of [00H] ([02H]) will access data memory pointed

to by MP0 (MP1). Reading location 00H (02H) itself indi-

rectly will return the result 00H. Writing indirectly results

in no operation.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit - ALU

This circuit performs 8-bit arithmetic and logic opera-

tions. The ALU provides the following functions:

·

Arithmetic operations (ADD, ADC, SUB, SBC, DAA)

The memory pointer registers (MP0 and MP1) are 8-bit

registers.

·

Logic operations (AND, OR, XOR, CPL)

·

Increment and decrement (INC, DEC)

Accumulator

·

Rotation (RL, RR, RLC, RRC)

·

Increment and Decrement (INC, DEC)

The accumulator is closely related to ALU operations. It

is also mapped to location of the data memory and can

carry out immediate data operations. The data move-

ment between two data memory locations must pass

through the accumulator.

·

Branch decision (SZ, SNZ, SIZ, SDZ ....)

The ALU not only saves the results of a data operation

but also changes the status register.

Rev. 1.40

8

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Status Register - STATUS

EMI bit and the corresponding bit of the INTC may be

set to allow interrupt nesting. If the stack is full, the inter-

rupt request will not be acknowledged, even if the re-

lated interrupt is enabled, until the SP is decremented. If

immediate service is desired, the stack must be pre-

vented from becoming full.

This 8-bit register (0AH) contains the zero flag (Z), carry

flag (C), auxiliary carry flag (AC), overflow flag (OV),

power down flag (PDF), and watchdog time-out flag

(TO). It also records the status information and controls

the operation sequence.

All these kinds of interrupts have a wake-up capability.

As an interrupt is serviced, a control transfer occurs by

pushing the program counter onto the stack, followed by

a branch to a subroutine at specified location in the pro-

gram memory. Only the program counter is pushed onto

the stack. If the contents of the register or status register

(STATUS) are altered by the interrupt service program

which corrupts the desired control sequence, the con-

tents should be saved in advance.

With the exception of the TO and PDF flags, bits in

the status register can be altered by instructions like

most other registers. Any data written into the status

register will not change the TO or PDF flag. In addi-

tion operations related to the status register may give

different results from those intended. The TO flag

can be affected only by system power-up, a WDT

time-out or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² in-

struction. The PDF flag can be affected only by exe-

cuting the ²HALT² or ²CLR WDT² instruction or

during a system power-up.

External interrupts are triggered by a high to low transi-

tion of the INT and the related interrupt request flag (EIF;

bit 4 of INTC) will be set. When the interrupt is enabled,

the stack is not full and the external interrupt is active, a

subroutine call to location 04H will occur. The interrupt

request flag (EIF) and EMI bits will be cleared to disable

other interrupts.

The Z, OV, AC and C flags generally reflect the status of

the latest operations.

In addition, on entering the interrupt sequence or exe-

cuting the subroutine call, the status register will not be

pushed onto the stack automatically. If the contents of

the status are important and if the subroutine can cor-

rupt the status register, precautions must be taken to

save it properly.

The internal Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt is initial-

ized by setting the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt re-

quest flag (T0F; bit 5 of INTC), caused by a timer 0

overflow. When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not

full and the T0F bit is set, a subroutine call to location

08H will occur. The related interrupt request flag (T0F)

will be reset and the EMI bit cleared to disable further in-

terrupts.

Interrupt

The device provides an external interrupt and internal

timer/event counter interrupts. The Interrupt Control

Register (INTC;0BH) contains the interrupt control bits

to set the enable/disable and the interrupt request flags.

The internal Timer/Even Counter 1 interrupt is initialized

by setting the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt request

flag (T1F;bit 6 of INTC), caused by a timer 1 overflow.

When the interrupt is enabled, the stack is not full and

the T1F is set, a subroutine call to location 0CH will oc-

cur. The related interrupt request flag (T1F) will be reset

and the EMI bit cleared to disable further interrupts.

Once an interrupt subroutine is serviced, all the other in-

terrupts will be blocked (by clearing the EMI bit). This

scheme may prevent any further interrupt nesting. Other

interrupt requests may occur during this interval but only

the interrupt request flag is recorded. If a certain inter-

rupt requires servicing within the service routine, the

Bit No.

Label

Function

C is set if the operation results in a carry during an addition operation or if a borrow does not

take place during a subtraction operation; otherwise C is cleared. C is also affected by a ro-

tate through carry instruction.

0

C

AC is set if the operation results in a carry out of the low nibbles in addition or no borrow from

the high nibble into the low nibble in subtraction; otherwise AC is cleared.

1

2

3

AC

Z

Z is set if the result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero; otherwise Z is cleared.

OV is set if the operation results in a carry into the highest-order bit but not a carry out of the

highest-order bit, or vice versa; otherwise OV is cleared.

OV

PDF is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² instruction. PDF is set by

executing the ²HALT² instruction.

4

PDF

TO is cleared by system power-up or executing the ²CLR WDT² or ²HALT² instruction. TO is

5

TO

set by a WDT time-out.

6, 7

¾

Unused bit, read as ²0²

Status (0AH) Register

Rev. 1.40

9

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Oscillator Configuration

During the execution of an interrupt subroutine, other in-

terrupt acknowledge signals are held until the ²RETI² in-

struction is executed or the EMI bit and the related

interrupt control bit are set to 1 (if the stack is not full). To

return from the interrupt subroutine, ²RET² or ²RETI²

may be invoked. RETI will set the EMI bit to enable an in-

terrupt service, but RET will not.

There are 2 oscillator circuits implemented in the

microcontroller.

O

S

C

1

O

S

C

1

f

S

Y

S

O

S

C

2

O

S

C

2

Interrupts, occurring in the interval between the rising

edges of two consecutive T2 pulses, will be serviced on

the latter of the two T2 pulses, if the corresponding inter-

rupts are enabled. In the case of simultaneous requests

the following table shows the priority that is applied.

These can be masked by resetting the EMI bit.

N

M

O

S

O

p

e

n

D

r

C

r

y

s

t

a

l

O

s

c

i

l

R

a

C

t

o

O

r

s

c

System Oscillator

Both of them are designed for system clocks, namely

the RC oscillator and the crystal oscillator, which are de-

termined by options. No matter what oscillator type is

selected, the signal provides the system clock. The

HALT mode stops the system oscillator and resists the

external signal to conserve power.

Interrupt Source

External Interrupt

Priority Vector

1

2

3

04H

08H

0CH

Timer/Event Counter 0 Overflow

Timer/Event Counter 1 Overflow

If an RC oscillator is used, an external resistor between

OSC1 and VSS is required and the resistance should

range from 100kW to 820kW. The system clock, divided

by 4, is available on OSC2, which can be used to syn-

chronize external logic. The internal RC oscillator pro-

vides the most cost effective solution. However, the

frequency of oscillation may vary with VDD, tempera-

tures and the chip itself due to process variations. It is,

therefore, not suitable for timing sensitive operations

where an accurate oscillator frequency is desired.

The Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt request flag

(T0F/T1F), external interrupt request flag (EIF), enable

Timer/Event Counter 0/1 interrupt bit (ET0I/ET1I), en-

able external interrupt bit (EEI) and enable master inter-

rupt bit (EMI) constitute an interrupt control register

(INTC) which is located at 0BH in the data memory. EMI,

EEI, ET0I and ET1I are used to control the enabling/dis-

abling of interrupts. These bits prevent the requested in-

terrupt from being serviced. Once the interrupt request

flags (T0F, T1F, EIF) are set, they will remain in the INTC

register until the interrupts are serviced or cleared by a

software instruction.

If the crystal oscillator is used, a crystal across OSC1

and OSC2 is needed to provide the feedback and phase

shift required for the oscillator, and no other external

components are demanded. Instead of a crystal, the

resonator can also be connected between OSC1 and

OSC2 to get a frequency reference, but two external ca-

pacitors in OSC1 and OSC2 are required.

It is recommended that a program does not use the

²CALL subroutine² within the interrupt subroutine. In-

terrupts often occur in an unpredictable manner or

need to be serviced immediately in some applications.

If only one stack is left and enabling the interrupt is not

well controlled, the original control sequence will be dam-

aged once the ²CALL² operates in the interrupt subrou-

tine.

The WDT oscillator is a free running on-chip RC oscilla-

tor, and no external components are required. Even if

the system enters the power down mode, the system

clock is stopped, but the WDT oscillator still works with a

period of approximately 90ms. The WDT oscillator can

be disabled by ROM code option to conserve power.

Bit No.

Label

EMI

EEI

Function

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Controls the master (global) interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)

Controls the external interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)

Controls the Timer/Event Counter 0 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)

Controls the Timer/Event Counter 1 interrupt (1=enabled; 0=disabled)

External interrupt request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)

ET0I

ET1I

EIF

T0F

T1F

¾

Internal Timer/Event Counter 0 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)

Internal Timer/Event Counter 1 request flag (1=active; 0=inactive)

Unused bit, read as ²0²

INTC (0BH) Register

Rev. 1.40

10

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Watchdog Timer - WDT

The WDT overflow under normal operation will initialize

²chip reset² and set the status bit ²TO². But in the HALT

mode, the overflow will initialize a ²warm reset² and only

the program counter and SP are reset to zero. To clear

the contents of WDT (including the WDT prescaler),

three methods are adopted; external reset (a low level to

RES), software instruction and a ²HALT² instruction.

The software instruction include ²CLR WDT² and the

other set ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2². Of these two

types of instruction, only one can be active depending

on the ROM code option ²CLR WDT² times selection

option. If the ²CLR WDT² is selected (i.e. ²CLR WDT²

times equal one), any execution of the ²CLR WDT² in-

struction will clear the WDT. In the case that ²CLR

WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² are chosen (i.e. ²CLR WDT²

times equal two), these two instructions must be exe-

cuted to clear the WDT; otherwise, the WDT may reset

the chip as a result of time-out.

The WDT clock source is implemented by a dedicated

RC oscillator (WDT oscillator), instruction clock (system

clock divided by 4), determines the ROM code option.

This timer is designed to prevent a software malfunction

or sequence from jumping to an unknown location with

unpredictable results. The Watchdog Timer can be dis-

abled by ROM code option. If the Watchdog Timer is dis-

abled, all the executions related to the WDT result in no

operation.

Once the internal WDT oscillator (RC oscillator with a

period of 90ms@3V normally) is selected, it is first di-

vided by 256 (8-stage) to get the nominal time-out pe-

riod of 23ms@3V. This time-out period may vary with

temperatures, VDD and process variations. By invoking

the WDT prescaler, longer time-out periods can be real-

ized. Writing data to WS2, WS1, WS0 (bit 2,1,0 of the

WDTS) can give different time-out periods. If WS2,

WS1, and WS0 are all equal to 1, the division ratio is up

to 1:128, and the maximum time-out period is 2.9s@3V

seconds. If the WDT oscillator is disabled, the WDT

clock may still come from the instruction clock and oper-

ates in the same manner except that in the HALT state

the WDT may stop counting and lose its protecting pur-

pose. In this situation the logic can only be restarted by

external logic. The high nibble and bit 3 of the WDTS are

reserved for user¢s defined flags, which can be used to

indicate some specified status.

Power Down Operation - HALT

The HALT mode is initialized by the ²HALT² instruction

and results in the following...

·

The system oscillator will be turned off but the WDT

oscillator remains running (if the WDT oscillator is se-

lected).

·

The contents of the on chip RAM and registers remain

unchanged.

·

WDT and WDT prescaler will be cleared and re-

If the device operates in a noisy environment, using the

on-chip RC oscillator (WDT OSC) is strongly recom-

mended, since the HALT will stop the system clock.

counted again (if the WDT clock is from the WDT os-

cillator).

·

All of the I/O ports maintain their original status.

·

The PDF flag is set and the TO flag is cleared.

WS2

WS1

WS0

Division Ratio

The system can leave the HALT mode by means of an

external reset, an interrupt, an external falling edge sig-

nal on port A or a WDT overflow. An external reset

causes a device initialization and the WDT overflow per-

forms a ²warm reset². After the TO and PDF flags are

examined, the reason for chip reset can be determined.

The PDF flag is cleared by system power-up or execut-

ing the ²CLR WDT² instruction and is set when execut-

ing the ²HALT² instruction. The TO flag is set if the WDT

time-out occurs, and causes a wake-up that only resets

the program counter and SP; the others remain in their

original status.

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

0

1

1:1

1:2

1:4

1:8

1:16

1:32

1:64

1:128

WDTS Register

S

y

s

t

e

m

C

l

o

c

k

/

4

W

D

T

P

r

e

s

c

a

l

e

r

R

O

M

C

o

d

e

8

-

b

i

t

C

o

u

7

n

-

b

t

e

i

t

r

C

o

u

n

t

e

r

O

p

t

i

o

n

S

e

l

e

c

t

W

D

T

O

S

C

8

-

t

o

-

1

M

U

X

S

W

0

~

W

S

2

W

D

T

i

m

e

-

o

u

t

Watchdog Timer

Rev. 1.40

11

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

The port A wake-up and interrupt methods can be con-

sidered as a continuation of normal execution. Each bit

in port A can be independently selected to wake up the

device by mask option. Awakening from an I/O port stim-

ulus, the program will resume execution of the next in-

struction. If it awakens from an interrupt, two sequence

may occur. If the related interrupt is disabled or the inter-

rupt is enabled but the stack is full, the program will re-

sume execution at the next instruction. If the interrupt is

enabled and the stack is not full, the regular interrupt re-

sponse takes place. If an interrupt request flag is set to

²1² before entering the HALT mode, the wake-up func-

tion of the related interrupt will be disabled. Once a

wake-up event occurs, it takes 1024 t_SYS(system clock

period) to resume normal operation. In other words, a

dummy period will be inserted after a wake-up. If the

wake-up results from an interrupt acknowledge signal,

the actual interrupt subroutine execution will be delayed

by one or more cycles. If the wake-up results in the next

instruction execution, this will be executed immediately

after the dummy period is finished.

The functional unit chip reset status are shown below.

Program Counter

Interrupt

000H

Disable

Clear

Prescaler

Clear. After master reset,

WDT begins counting

WDT

Timer/event Counter Off

Input/output Ports

Stack Pointer

Input mode

Points to the top of the stack

V

D

V

D

0

.

m

0

F

1

0

W

0

k

1

0

W

0

k

R

E

S

R

E

S

0

m

. F 1

1

0

k

B

a

s

i

c

H

i

-

n

o

i

To minimize power consumption, all the I/O pins should

be carefully managed before entering the HALT status.

R

e

s

e

t

R

e

s

e

t

0

m

. F 1

C

i

r

c

u

i

t

C

i

r

c

u

Reset Circuit

Reset

Therearethreewaysinwhicharesetcanoccur:

Note: Most applications can use the Basic Reset Cir-

cuit as shown, however for applications with ex-

tensive noise, it is recommended to use the

Hi-noise Reset Circuit.

·

RES reset during normal operation

·

RES reset during HALT

·

WDT time-out reset during normal operation

The WDT time-out during HALT is different from other

chip reset conditions, since it can perform a ²warm re -

set² that resets only the program counter and SP, leav-

ing the other circuits in their original state. Some regis-

ters remain unchanged during other reset conditions.

Most registers are reset to the ²initial condition² when

the reset conditions are met. By examining the PDF and

TO flags, the program can distinguish between different

²chip resets².

V

D

R

E

S

t

S

T

S

T

i

m

e

-

o

u

t

C

h

i

p

R

e

s

e

t

Reset Timing Chart

TO PDF

RESET Conditions

RES reset during power-up

RES reset during normal operation

RES wake-up HALT

0

u

0

1

0

u

1

u

1

H

A

L

T

W

a

r

m

WDT time-out during normal operation

WDT wake-up HALT

W

D

T

Note: ²u² stands for unchanged

R

E

S

C

o

l

To guarantee that the system oscillator is started and

stabilized, the SST (System Start-up Timer) provides an

extra-delay of 1024 system clock pulses when the sys-

tem reset (power-up, WDT time-out or RES reset) or the

system awakes from the HALT state.

R

e

s

S

T

1

0

-

b

i

t

R

i

p

l

e

O

S

C

o

u

n

t

e

r

S

y

s

t

e

m

R

e

s

e

t

When a system reset occurs, the SST delay is added

during the reset period. Any wake-up from HALT will en-

able the SST delay.

Reset Configuration

Rev. 1.40

12

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

The states of the registers is summarized in the table.

Reset

WDT Time-out

RES Reset

WDT Time-out

(HALT)*

Register

(Power On) (Normal Operation) (Normal Operation)

(HALT)

MP0

MP1

ACC

xxxx xxxx

uuuu uuuu

Program

Counter

0000H

TBLP

TBHP

TBLH

WDTS

STATUS

INTC

TMR0

TMR0C

TMR1H

TMR1L

TMR1C

PA

xxxx xxxx

0000 0111

--00 xxxx

-000 0000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1---

uuuu uuuu

0000 0111

--1u uuuu

-000 0000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1---

uuuu uuuu

0000 0111

--uu uuuu

-000 0000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1---

uuuu uuuu

0000 0111

--01 uuuu

-000 0000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1000

xxxx xxxx

00-0 1---

uuuu uuuu

--11 uuuu

-uuu uuuu

uuuu uuuu

uu-u uuuu

uuuu uuuu

uu-u u---

1111 1111

--11 1111

---- ---1

1111 1111

--11 1111

---- ---1

1111 1111

--11 1111

---- ---1

1111 1111

--11 1111

---- ---1

uuuu uuuu

--uu uuuu

---- ---u

PAC

PB

PBC

PC

PCC

PF

PFC

---- ---1

---- ---u

Note:

²*² stands for warm reset

²u² stands for unchanged

²x² stands for unknown

Rev. 1.40

13

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Timer/Event Counter

the counter 0 is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter

0 preload register and issues the interrupt request just

like the other two modes.

Two timer/event counters (TMR0, TMR1) are imple-

mented in the device. The Timer/Event Counter 0 con-

tains an 8-bit programmable count-up counter and the

clock may come from an external source or the system

clock. The Timer/Event Counter 1 contains an 16-bit

programmable count-up counter and the clock may

come from an external source or the system clock di-

vided by 4.

To enable the counting operation, the timer ON

bit(T0ON; bit 4 of TMR0C) should be set to 1. In the

pulse width measurement mode, the T0ON will be

cleared automatically after the measurement cycle is

complete. But in the other two modes the T0ON can only

be reset by instructions. The overflow of the

Timer/Event Counter 0 is one of the wake-up sources.

No matter what the operation mode is, writing a 0 to

ET0I can disabled the corresponding interrupt service.

Of the two timer/event counters, using external clock in-

put allows the user to count external events, measure

time internals or pulse widths, or generate an accurate

time base. While using the internal clock allows the user

to generate an accurate time base.

In the case of Timer/Event Counter 0 OFF condition,

writing data to the Timer/Event Counter 0 preload regis-

ter will also load the data to Timer/Event Counter 0. But

if the Timer/Event Counter 0 is turned on, data written to

the Timer/Event Counter 0 will only be kept in the

Timer/Event Counter 0 preload register. The

Timer/Event Counter 0 will still operate until the overflow

occurs (a Timer/Event Counter 0 reloading will occur at

the same time).

Only the Timer/Event Counter 0 can generate PFD sig-

nal by using external or internal clock, and PFD fre-

quency is determine by the equation f_INT/[2´(256-N)].

There are 2 registers related to Timer/Event Counter 0;

TMR0(0DH), TMR0C(0EH). In Timer/Event Counter 0

counting mode (T0ON=1), writing TMR0 will only put the

written data to preload register (8 bits). The Timer/Event

Counter 0 preload register is changed by each writing

TMR0 operations. Reading TMR0 will also latch the

TMR0 to the destination. The TMR0C is the Timer/Event

Counter 0 control register, which defines the operating

mode, counting enable or disable and active edge.

When the Timer/Event Counter 0 (reading TMR0) is

read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As this

may results in a counting error, this must be taken into

consideration by the programmer.

The bit 0~2 of the TMR0C can be used to define the

pre-scaling stages of the internal clock sources of

Timer/Event Counter 0. The definitions are as shown.

The T0M0, T0M1 bits define the operating mode. The

event count mode is used to count external events,

which means the clock source comes from an external

(TMR0) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer

with the clock source coming from the f_INTclock. The

pulse width measurement mode can be used to count

the high or low level duration of the external signal

(TMR0). The counting is based on the f_INTclock.

Bit

Label

Function

No.

To define the prescaler stages,

T0PSC2, T0PSC1, T0PSC0=

000: f_INT=f_SYS/2

001: f_INT=f_SYS/4

0

1

2

T0PSC0

T0PSC1

T0PSC2

010: f_INT=f_SYS/8

In the event count or timer mode, once the Timer/Event

Counter 0 starts counting, it will count from the current

contents in the Timer/Event Counter 0 to FFH. Once

overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the

Timer/Event Counter 0 preload register and generates

the corresponding interrupt request flag (T0F; bit 5 of

INTC) at the same time.

011: f_INT=f_SYS/16

100: f_INT=f_SYS/32

101: f_INT=f_SYS/64

110: f_INT=f_SYS/128

111: f_INT=f_SYS/256

To define the TMR0 active edge of

Timer/Event Counter 0

3

T0E

(0=active on low to high;

1=active on high to low)

In pulse width measurement mode with the T0ON and

T0E bits are equal to one, once the TMR0 has received

a transition from low to high (or high to low if the T0E bit

is 0) it will start counting until the TMR0 returns to the

original level and reset the T0ON. The measured result

will remain in the Timer/Event Counter 0 even if the acti-

vated transition occurs again. In other words, only one

cycle measurement can be done. Until setting the

T0ON, the cycle measurement will function again as

long as it receives further transition pulse. Note that, in

this operating mode, the Timer/Event Counter 0 starts

counting not according to the logic level but according to

the transition edges. In the case of counter overflows,

To enable/disable timer 0 counting

(0=disabled; 1=enabled)

4

5

T0ON

¾

Unused bit, read as ²0²

To define the operating mode

(T0M1, T0M0)

01=Event count mode

(external clock)

6

7

T0M0

T0M1

10=Timer mode (internal clock)

11=Pulse width measurement mode

00=Unused

TMR0C (0EH) Register

Rev. 1.40

14

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

There are 3 registers related to Timer/Event Counter 1;

TMR1H(0FH), TMR1L(10H), TMR1C(11H). Writing

TMR1L will only put the written data to an internal

lower-order byte buffer (8 bits) and writing TMR1H will

transfer the specified data and the contents of the

lower-order byte buffer to TMR1H and TMR1L preload

registers, respectively. The Timer/Event Counter 1

preload register is changed by each writing TMR1H op-

erations. Reading TMR1H will latch the contents of

TMR1H and TMR1L counters to the destination and the

lower-order byte buffer, respectively. Reading the

TMR1L will read the contents of the lower-order byte

buffer. The TMR1C is the Timer/Event Counter 1 control

register, which defines the operating mode, counting en-

able or disable and active edge.

In pulse width measurement mode with the T1ON and

T1E bits are equal to one, once the TMR1 has received

a transition from low to high (or high to low if the T1E bit

is 0) it will start counting until the TMR1 returns to the

original level and reset the T1ON. The measured result

will remain in the Timer/Event Counter 1 even if the acti-

vated transition occurs again. In other words, only one

cycle measurement can be done. Until setting the

T1ON, the cycle measurement will function again as

long as it receives further transition pulse. Note that, in

this operating mode, the Timer/Event Counter 1 starts

counting not according to the logic level but according to

the transition edges. In the case of counter overflows,

the counter 1 is reloaded from the Timer/Event Counter

1 preload register and issues the interrupt request just

like the other two modes.

The T1M0, T1M1 bits define the operating mode. The

event count mode is used to count external events,

which means the clock source comes from an external

(TMR1) pin. The timer mode functions as a normal timer

with the clock source coming from the instruction clock.

The pulse width measurement mode can be used to

count the high or low level duration of the external signal

(TMR1). The counting is based on the instruction clock.

To enable the counting operation, the timer ON bit

(T1ON; bit 4 of TMR1C) should be set to 1. In the pulse

width measurement mode, the T1ON will be cleared au-

tomatically after the measurement cycle is complete.

But in the other two modes the T1ON can only be reset

by instructions. The overflow of the Timer/Event Coun-

ter 1 is one of the wake-up sources. No matter what the

operation mode is, writing a 0 to ET1I can disabled the

corresponding interrupt service.

In the event count or timer mode, once the Timer/Event

Counter 1 starts counting, it will count from the current

contents in the Timer/Event Counter 1 to FFFFH. Once

overflow occurs, the counter is reloaded from the

Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register and generates

the corresponding interrupt request flag (T1F; bit 6 of

INTC) at the same time.

In the case of Timer/Event Counter 1 OFF condition,

writing data to the Timer/Event Counter 1 preload regis-

ter will also load the data to Timer/Event Counter 1. But

if the Timer/Event Counter 1 is turned on, data written to

the Timer/Event Counter 1 will only be kept in the

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Rev. 1.40

15

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Timer/Event Counter 1 preload register. The

Timer/Event Counter 1 will still operate until the overflow

occurs (a Timer/Event Counter 1 reloading will occur at

the same time).

Input/Output Ports

There are 23 bi-directional input/output lines in the mi-

cro-controller, labeled from PA to PC and PF, which are

mapped to the data memory of [12H], [14H], [16H] and

[1CH], respectively. All of these I/O ports can be used as

input and output operations. For input operation, these

ports are non-latching, that is, the inputs must be ready

at the T2 rising edge of instruction ²MOV A,[m]² (m =

12H, 14H, 16H or 1CH). For output operation, all the

data is latched and remains unchanged until the output

latch is rewritten.

When the Timer/Event Counter 1 (reading TMR1H) is

read, the clock will be blocked to avoid errors. As this

may results in a counting error, this must be taken into

consideration by the programmer.

The definitions of the TMR1C are as shown.

Bit

Label

Function

No.

Each I/O line has its own control register (PAC, PBC,

PCC, PFC) to control the input/output configuration.

With this control register, CMOS output or Schmitt trig-

ger input with or without (depends on options) pull-high

resistor structures can be reconfigured dynamically (i.e.,

on-the fly) under software control. To function as an in-

put, the corresponding latch of the control register has to

be set as ²1². The pull-high resistor (if the pull-high re-

sistor is enabled) will be exhibited automatically. The in-

put sources also depends on the control register. If the

control register bit is ²1², the input will read the pad state

(²mov² and read-modify-write instructions”). If the con-

trol register bit is 0, the contents of the latches will move

to internal data bus (²mov² and read-modify-write in-

structions). The input paths (pad state or latches) of

read-modify-write instructions are dependent on the

control register bits. For output function, CMOS is the

only configuration. These control registers are mapped

to locations 13H, 15H, 17H and 1DH.

0~2

¾

Unused bit, read as ²0²

To define the active edge of TMR1 pin

3

T1E input signal

(0/1: active on low to high/high to low)

To enable/disable timer 1 counting

(0/1: disabled/enabled)

4

5

T1ON

¾

Unused bit, read as ²0²

To define the operating mode (T1M1,

T1M0)

6

7

T1M0 01=Event count mode (external clock)

T1M1 10=Timer mode (internal clock)

11=Pulse width measurement mode

00=Unused

TMR1C (11H) Register

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Rev. 1.40

16

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

After a chip reset, these input/output lines stay at high

levels (pull-high options) or floating state (non-pull-high

options). Each bit of these input/output latches can be

set or cleared by ²SET [m].i² (m=12H, 14H, 16H or 1CH)

instructions. Some instructions first input data and then

follow the output operations. For example, ²SET [m].i²,

²CLR [m].i², ²CPLA [m]² read the entire port states into

the CPU, execute the defined operations (bit-operation),

and then write the results back to the latches or the ac-

cumulator.

Low Voltage Reset - LVR

The microcontroller provides low voltage reset circuit in

order to monitor the supply voltage of the device. If the

supply voltage of the device is within the range

0.9V~V_LVR, such as changing a battery, the LVR will au-

tomatically reset the device internally.

The LVR includes the following specifications:

·

The low voltage (0.9V~V_LVR) has to remain in their

original state to exceed 1ms. If the low voltage state

does not exceed 1ms, the LVR will ignore it and do not

perform a reset function.

Each line of port A has the capability of waking-up the

device. The highest 2 bits of port C and 7 bits of port F

are not physically implemented; on reading them a ²0² is

returned whereas writing then results in a no-operation.

Pull-high resistors of each port are decided by a option

bit.

·

The LVR uses the ²OR² function with the external

RES signal to perform chip reset.

The relationship between V_DDand V_LVRis shown below.

V

D

The PB0 is pin-shared with PFD signal, respectively. If

the PFD option is selected, the output signal in output

mode of PB0 will be the PFD signal. The input mode al-

ways remain its original functions. The PF0 and PC0 are

pin-shared with INT and TMR0. The INT signal is di-

rectly connected to PF0. The PFD output signal (in out-

put mode) are controlled by the PB0 data register only.

5

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5

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The truth table of PB0/PFD is listed below.

PBC (15H) Bit0

PB0/PFD option

PB0 (14H) Bit0

PB0 pad status

I

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PFD

Note:

²I² Input

²O² Output

²D² Data

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Note:

²*1² To make sure that the system oscillator has stabilized, the SST provides an extra delay of 1024 system

clock pulses before entering the normal operation.

²*2² Since low voltage has to be maintained in its original state and exceed 1ms, therefore 1ms delay enters

the reset mode.

Rev. 1.40

17

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Options

The following table shows all kinds of code option in the MCU. All of the mask options must be defined to ensure proper

system functioning.

Function

PA0~PA7 wake-up enable or disable options

PC pull-high enable or disable

PA pull-high enable or disable: Byte option

PF pull-high enable or disable

PB pull-high (PB0~PB3, PB4~PB7) enable or disable: Nibble option

PB0 or PFD

CLR WDT instructions

System oscillators: RC or crystal

WDT enable or disable

WDT clock source: WDTOSC or system clock/4

LVR function: enable or disable

LVR voltage: 2.0V or 3.0V

Rev. 1.40

18

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Application Circuits

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Note: 1. Crystal/resonator system oscillators

For crystal oscillators, C1 and C2 are only required for some crystal frequencies to ensure oscillation. For

resonator applications C1 and C2 are normally required for oscillation to occur. For most applications it is

not necessary to add R1. However if the LVR function is disabled, and if it is required to stop the oscillator

when V_DDfalls below its operating range, it is recommended that R1 is added. The values of C1 and C2

should be selected in consultation with the crystal/resonator manufacturer specifications.

2. Reset circuit

The reset circuit resistance and capacitance values should be chosen to ensure that VDD is stable and re-

mains within its operating voltage range before the RES pin reaches a high level. Ensure that the length of

the wiring connected to the RES pin is kept as short as possible, to avoid noise interference.

3. For applications where noise may interfere with the reset circuit and for details on the oscillator external

components, refer to Application Note HA0075E for more information.

Rev. 1.40

19

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Example

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Rev. 1.40

20

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Instruction Set

Introduction

subtract instruction mnemonics to enable the necessary

arithmetic to be carried out. Care must be taken to en-

sure correct handling of carry and borrow data when re-

sults exceed 255 for addition and less than 0 for

subtraction. The increment and decrement instructions

INC, INCA, DEC and DECA provide a simple means of

increasing or decreasing by a value of one of the values

in the destination specified.

Central to the successful operation of any

microcontroller is its instruction set, which is a set of pro-

gram instruction codes that directs the microcontroller to

perform certain operations. In the case of Holtek

microcontrollers, a comprehensive and flexible set of

over 60 instructions is provided to enable programmers

to implement their application with the minimum of pro-

gramming overheads.

Logical and Rotate Operations

For easier understanding of the various instruction

codes, they have been subdivided into several func-

tional groupings.

The standard logical operations such as AND, OR, XOR

and CPL all have their own instruction within the Holtek

microcontroller instruction set. As with the case of most

instructions involving data manipulation, data must pass

through the Accumulator which may involve additional

programming steps. In all logical data operations, the

zero flag may be set if the result of the operation is zero.

Another form of logical data manipulation comes from

the rotate instructions such as RR, RL, RRC and RLC

which provide a simple means of rotating one bit right or

left. Different rotate instructions exist depending on pro-

gram requirements. Rotate instructions are useful for

serial port programming applications where data can be

rotated from an internal register into the Carry bit from

where it can be examined and the necessary serial bit

set high or low. Another application where rotate data

operations are used is to implement multiplication and

division calculations.

Instruction Timing

Most instructions are implemented within one instruc-

tion cycle. The exceptions to this are branch, call, or ta-

ble read instructions where two instruction cycles are

required. One instruction cycle is equal to 4 system

clock cycles, therefore in the case of an 8MHz system

oscillator, most instructions would be implemented

within 0.5ms and branch or call instructions would be im-

plemented within 1ms. Although instructions which re-

quire one more cycle to implement are generally limited

to the JMP, CALL, RET, RETI and table read instruc-

tions, it is important to realize that any other instructions

which involve manipulation of the Program Counter Low

register or PCL will also take one more cycle to imple-

ment. As instructions which change the contents of the

PCL will imply a direct jump to that new address, one

more cycle will be required. Examples of such instruc-

tions would be ²CLR PCL² or ²MOV PCL, A². For the

case of skip instructions, it must be noted that if the re-

sult of the comparison involves a skip operation then

this will also take one more cycle, if no skip is involved

then only one cycle is required.

Branches and Control Transfer

Program branching takes the form of either jumps to

specified locations using the JMP instruction or to a sub-

routine using the CALL instruction. They differ in the

sense that in the case of a subroutine call, the program

must return to the instruction immediately when the sub-

routine has been carried out. This is done by placing a

return instruction RET in the subroutine which will cause

the program to jump back to the address right after the

CALL instruction. In the case of a JMP instruction, the

program simply jumps to the desired location. There is

no requirement to jump back to the original jumping off

point as in the case of the CALL instruction. One special

and extremely useful set of branch instructions are the

conditional branches. Here a decision is first made re-

garding the condition of a certain data memory or indi-

vidual bits. Depending upon the conditions, the program

will continue with the next instruction or skip over it and

jump to the following instruction. These instructions are

the key to decision making and branching within the pro-

gram perhaps determined by the condition of certain in-

put switches or by the condition of internal data bits.

Moving and Transferring Data

The transfer of data within the microcontroller program

is one of the most frequently used operations. Making

use of three kinds of MOV instructions, data can be

transferred from registers to the Accumulator and

vice-versa as well as being able to move specific imme-

diate data directly into the Accumulator. One of the most

important data transfer applications is to receive data

from the input ports and transfer data to the output ports.

Arithmetic Operations

The ability to perform certain arithmetic operations and

data manipulation is a necessary feature of most

microcontroller applications. Within the Holtek

microcontroller instruction set are a range of add and

Rev. 1.40

21

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Bit Operations

Other Operations

The ability to provide single bit operations on Data Mem-

ory is an extremely flexible feature of all Holtek

microcontrollers. This feature is especially useful for

output port bit programming where individual bits or port

pins can be directly set high or low using either the ²SET

[m].i² or ²CLR [m].i² instructions respectively. The fea-

ture removes the need for programmers to first read the

8-bit output port, manipulate the input data to ensure

that other bits are not changed and then output the port

with the correct new data. This read-modify-write pro-

cess is taken care of automatically when these bit oper-

ation instructions are used.

In addition to the above functional instructions, a range

of other instructions also exist such as the ²HALT² in-

struction for Power-down operations and instructions to

control the operation of the Watchdog Timer for reliable

program operations under extreme electric or electro-

magnetic environments. For their relevant operations,

refer to the functional related sections.

Instruction Set Summary

The following table depicts a summary of the instruction

set categorised according to function and can be con-

sulted as a basic instruction reference using the follow-

ing listed conventions.

Table Read Operations

Table conventions:

Data storage is normally implemented by using regis-

ters. However, when working with large amounts of

fixed data, the volume involved often makes it inconve-

nient to store the fixed data in the Data Memory. To over-

come this problem, Holtek microcontrollers allow an

area of Program Memory to be setup as a table where

data can be directly stored. A set of easy to use instruc-

tions provides the means by which this fixed data can be

referenced and retrieved from the Program Memory.

x: Bits immediate data

m: Data Memory address

A: Accumulator

i: 0~7 number of bits

addr: Program memory address

Mnemonic

Arithmetic

Description

Cycles Flag Affected

ADD A,[m]

ADDM A,[m]

ADD A,x

Add Data Memory to ACC

1

1^Note

1

Z, C, AC, OV

C

Add ACC to Data Memory

Add immediate data to ACC

ADC A,[m]

ADCM A,[m]

SUB A,x

Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry

1

1^Note

Add ACC to Data memory with Carry

Subtract immediate data from the ACC

Subtract Data Memory from ACC

1

SUB A,[m]

SUBM A,[m]

SBC A,[m]

SBCM A,[m]

DAA [m]

1

1^Note

Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory

Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry

Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry, result in Data Memory

Decimal adjust ACC for Addition with result in Data Memory

1

1^Note

Logic Operation

AND A,[m]

OR A,[m]

XOR A,[m]

ANDM A,[m]

ORM A,[m]

XORM A,[m]

AND A,x

Logical AND Data Memory to ACC

Logical OR Data Memory to ACC

Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC

Logical AND ACC to Data Memory

Logical OR ACC to Data Memory

Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory

Logical AND immediate Data to ACC

Logical OR immediate Data to ACC

Logical XOR immediate Data to ACC

Complement Data Memory

1

Z

1

1^Note

1

OR A,x

1

XOR A,x

1

1^Note

CPL [m]

CPLA [m]

Complement Data Memory with result in ACC

1

Increment & Decrement

INCA [m]

INC [m]

Increment Data Memory with result in ACC

1

Z

Increment Data Memory

1^Note

DECA [m]

DEC [m]

Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC

Decrement Data Memory

1

1^Note

Rev. 1.40

22

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Mnemonic

Rotate

Description

Cycles Flag Affected

RRA [m]

RR [m]

Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC

Rotate Data Memory right

1

1^Note

1

1^Note

1

1^Note

None

C

RRCA [m]

RRC [m]

RLA [m]

RL [m]

Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC

Rotate Data Memory right through Carry

Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC

Rotate Data Memory left

C

None

C

RLCA [m]

RLC [m]

Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC

Rotate Data Memory left through Carry

1

1^Note

C

Data Move

MOV A,[m]

MOV [m],A

MOV A,x

Move Data Memory to ACC

Move ACC to Data Memory

Move immediate data to ACC

1

1^Note

1

None

Bit Operation

CLR [m].i

SET [m].i

Clear bit of Data Memory

Set bit of Data Memory

1^Note

None

Branch

JMP addr

SZ [m]

Jump unconditionally

2

None

Skip if Data Memory is zero

1^Note

1^note

1^Note

2

SZA [m]

SZ [m].i

SNZ [m].i

SIZ [m]

Skip if Data Memory is zero with data movement to ACC

Skip if bit i of Data Memory is zero

Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not zero

Skip if increment Data Memory is zero

Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero

Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC

Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC

Subroutine call

SDZ [m]

SIZA [m]

SDZA [m]

CALL addr

RET

Return from subroutine

2

RET A,x

RETI

Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC

Return from interrupt

2

Table Read

TABRDC [m]

TABRDL [m]

Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory

Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory

2^Note

None

Miscellaneous

NOP

No operation

1

1^Note

1

None

CLR [m]

Clear Data Memory

SET [m]

Set Data Memory

None

CLR WDT

CLR WDT1

CLR WDT2

SWAP [m]

SWAPA [m]

HALT

Clear Watchdog Timer

TO, PDF

None

Pre-clear Watchdog Timer

Swap nibbles of Data Memory

Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC

Enter power down mode

1

1^Note

1

None

1

TO, PDF

Note: 1. For skip instructions, if the result of the comparison involves a skip then two cycles are required,

if no skip takes place only one cycle is required.

2. Any instruction which changes the contents of the PCL will also require 2 cycles for execution.

3. For the ²CLR WDT1² and ²CLR WDT2² instructions the TO and PDF flags may be affected by

the execution status. The TO and PDF flags are cleared after both ²CLR WDT1² and

²CLR WDT2² instructions are consecutively executed. Otherwise the TO and PDF flags

remain unchanged.

Rev. 1.40

23

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Instruction Definition

ADC A,[m]

Add Data Memory to ACC with Carry

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The

result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC + [m] + C

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

ADCM A,[m]

Add ACC to Data Memory with Carry

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory, Accumulator and the carry flag are added. The

result is stored in the specified Data Memory.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC + [m] + C

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

ADD A,[m]

Add Data Memory to ACC

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is

stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC + [m]

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

ADD A,x

Add immediate data to ACC

Description

The contents of the Accumulator and the specified immediate data are added. The result is

stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC + x

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

ADDM A,[m]

Add ACC to Data Memory

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator are added. The result is

stored in the specified Data Memory.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC + [m]

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

AND A,[m]

Logical AND Data Memory to ACC

Description

Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical AND op-

eration. The result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

AND A,x

Logical AND immediate data to ACC

Description

Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical AND

operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC ²AND² x

Affected flag(s)

Z

ANDM A,[m]

Logical AND ACC to Data Memory

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical AND op-

eration. The result is stored in the Data Memory.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC ²AND² [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

Rev. 1.40

24

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

CALL addr

Subroutine call

Description

Unconditionally calls a subroutine at the specified address. The Program Counter then in-

crements by 1 to obtain the address of the next instruction which is then pushed onto the

stack. The specified address is then loaded and the program continues execution from this

new address. As this instruction requires an additional operation, it is a two cycle instruc-

tion.

Operation

Stack ¬ Program Counter + 1

Program Counter ¬ addr

Affected flag(s)

None

CLR [m]

Clear Data Memory

Description

Operation

Each bit of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.

[m] ¬ 00H

Affected flag(s)

None

CLR [m].i

Clear bit of Data Memory

Description

Operation

Bit i of the specified Data Memory is cleared to 0.

[m].i ¬ 0

Affected flag(s)

None

CLR WDT

Description

Operation

Clear Watchdog Timer

The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared.

WDT cleared

TO ¬ 0

PDF ¬ 0

Affected flag(s)

TO, PDF

CLR WDT1

Pre-clear Watchdog Timer

Description

The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunc-

tion with CLR WDT2 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT2 to have effect. Re-

petitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT2 will have no

effect.

Operation

WDT cleared

TO ¬ 0

PDF ¬ 0

Affected flag(s)

TO, PDF

CLR WDT2

Pre-clear Watchdog Timer

Description

The TO, PDF flags and the WDT are all cleared. Note that this instruction works in conjunc-

tion with CLR WDT1 and must be executed alternately with CLR WDT1 to have effect. Re-

petitively executing this instruction without alternately executing CLR WDT1 will have no

effect.

Operation

WDT cleared

TO ¬ 0

PDF ¬ 0

Affected flag(s)

TO, PDF

Rev. 1.40

25

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

CPL [m]

Complement Data Memory

Description

Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits

which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa.

Operation

[m] ¬ [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

CPLA [m]

Complement Data Memory with result in ACC

Description

Each bit of the specified Data Memory is logically complemented (1¢s complement). Bits

which previously contained a 1 are changed to 0 and vice versa. The complemented result

is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC ¬ [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

DAA [m]

Decimal-Adjust ACC for addition with result in Data Memory

Description

Convert the contents of the Accumulator value to a BCD ( Binary Coded Decimal) value re-

sulting from the previous addition of two BCD variables. If the low nibble is greater than 9 or

if AC flag is set, then a value of 6 will be added to the low nibble. Otherwise the low nibble

remains unchanged. If the high nibble is greater than 9 or if the C flag is set, then a value of

6 will be added to the high nibble. Essentially, the decimal conversion is performed by add-

ing 00H, 06H, 60H or 66H depending on the Accumulator and flag conditions. Only the C

flag may be affected by this instruction which indicates that if the original BCD sum is

greater than 100, it allows multiple precision decimal addition.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC + 00H or

[m] ¬ ACC + 06H or

[m] ¬ ACC + 60H or

[m] ¬ ACC + 66H

Affected flag(s)

C

DEC [m]

Decrement Data Memory

Description

Operation

Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1.

[m] ¬ [m] - 1

Affected flag(s)

Z

DECA [m]

Decrement Data Memory with result in ACC

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory is decremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accu-

mulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC ¬ [m] - 1

Affected flag(s)

Z

HALT

Enter power down mode

Description

This instruction stops the program execution and turns off the system clock. The contents

of the Data Memory and registers are retained. The WDT and prescaler are cleared. The

power down flag PDF is set and the WDT time-out flag TO is cleared.

Operation

TO ¬ 0

PDF ¬ 1

Affected flag(s)

TO, PDF

Rev. 1.40

26

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

INC [m]

Increment Data Memory

Description

Operation

Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1.

[m] ¬ [m] + 1

Affected flag(s)

Z

INCA [m]

Increment Data Memory with result in ACC

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory is incremented by 1. The result is stored in the Accumu-

lator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC ¬ [m] + 1

Affected flag(s)

Z

JMP addr

Jump unconditionally

Description

The contents of the Program Counter are replaced with the specified address. Program

execution then continues from this new address. As this requires the insertion of a dummy

instruction while the new address is loaded, it is a two cycle instruction.

Operation

Program Counter ¬ addr

Affected flag(s)

None

MOV A,[m]

Description

Operation

Move Data Memory to ACC

The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator.

ACC ¬ [m]

Affected flag(s)

None

MOV A,x

Move immediate data to ACC

Description

Operation

The immediate data specified is loaded into the Accumulator.

ACC ¬ x

Affected flag(s)

None

MOV [m],A

Description

Operation

Move ACC to Data Memory

The contents of the Accumulator are copied to the specified Data Memory.

[m] ¬ ACC

Affected flag(s)

None

NOP

No operation

Description

Operation

Affected flag(s)

No operation is performed. Execution continues with the next instruction.

No operation

None

OR A,[m]

Logical OR Data Memory to ACC

Description

Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical OR oper-

ation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

Rev. 1.40

27

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

OR A,x

Logical OR immediate data to ACC

Description

Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical OR op-

eration. The result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC ²OR² x

Affected flag(s)

Z

ORM A,[m]

Logical OR ACC to Data Memory

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical OR oper-

ation. The result is stored in the Data Memory.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC ²OR² [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

RET

Return from subroutine

Description

The Program Counter is restored from the stack. Program execution continues at the re-

stored address.

Operation

Program Counter ¬ Stack

Affected flag(s)

None

RET A,x

Return from subroutine and load immediate data to ACC

Description

The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the Accumulator loaded with the

specified immediate data. Program execution continues at the restored address.

Operation

Program Counter ¬ Stack

ACC ¬ x

Affected flag(s)

None

RETI

Return from interrupt

Description

The Program Counter is restored from the stack and the interrupts are re-enabled by set-

ting the EMI bit. EMI is the master interrupt global enable bit. If an interrupt was pending

when the RETI instruction is executed, the pending Interrupt routine will be processed be-

fore returning to the main program.

Operation

Program Counter ¬ Stack

EMI ¬ 1

Affected flag(s)

None

RL [m]

Rotate Data Memory left

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit

0.

Operation

[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)

[m].0 ¬ [m].7

Affected flag(s)

None

RLA [m]

Rotate Data Memory left with result in ACC

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated left by 1 bit with bit 7 rotated into bit

0. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory re-

main unchanged.

Operation

ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)

ACC.0 ¬ [m].7

Affected flag(s)

None

Rev. 1.40

28

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

RLC [m]

Rotate Data Memory left through Carry

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7

replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 0.

Operation

[m].(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)

[m].0 ¬ C

C ¬ [m].7

Affected flag(s)

C

RLCA [m]

Rotate Data Memory left through Carry with result in ACC

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated left by 1 bit. Bit 7 replaces

the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into the bit 0. The rotated result is stored in

the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC.(i+1) ¬ [m].i; (i = 0~6)

ACC.0 ¬ C

C ¬ [m].7

Affected flag(s)

C

RR [m]

Rotate Data Memory right

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 rotated into

bit 7.

Operation

[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)

[m].7 ¬ [m].0

Affected flag(s)

None

RRA [m]

Rotate Data Memory right with result in ACC

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit with bit 0 ro-

tated into bit 7. The rotated result is stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data

Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)

ACC.7 ¬ [m].0

Affected flag(s)

None

RRC [m]

Rotate Data Memory right through Carry

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0

replaces the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7.

Operation

[m].i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)

[m].7 ¬ C

C ¬ [m].0

Affected flag(s)

C

RRCA [m]

Rotate Data Memory right through Carry with result in ACC

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory and the carry flag are rotated right by 1 bit. Bit 0 re-

places the Carry bit and the original carry flag is rotated into bit 7. The rotated result is

stored in the Accumulator and the contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC.i ¬ [m].(i+1); (i = 0~6)

ACC.7 ¬ C

C ¬ [m].0

Affected flag(s)

C

Rev. 1.40

29

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

SBC A,[m]

Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub-

tracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result

of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or

zero, the C flag will be set to 1.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC - [m] - C

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

SBCM A,[m]

Subtract Data Memory from ACC with Carry and result in Data Memory

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory and the complement of the carry flag are sub-

tracted from the Accumulator. The result is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the re-

sult of subtraction is negative, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is

positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC - [m] - C

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

SDZ [m]

Skip if decrement Data Memory is 0

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0 the

following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while

the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program

proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

[m] ¬ [m] - 1

Skip if [m] = 0

Affected flag(s)

None

SDZA [m]

Skip if decrement Data Memory is zero with result in ACC

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are first decremented by 1. If the result is 0, the

following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified

Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy in-

struction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not

0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

ACC ¬ [m] - 1

Skip if ACC = 0

Affected flag(s)

None

SET [m]

Set Data Memory

Description

Operation

Each bit of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.

[m] ¬ FFH

Affected flag(s)

None

SET [m].i

Set bit of Data Memory

Description

Operation

Bit i of the specified Data Memory is set to 1.

[m].i ¬ 1

Affected flag(s)

None

Rev. 1.40

30

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

SIZ [m]

Skip if increment Data Memory is 0

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the

following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while

the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program

proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

[m] ¬ [m] + 1

Skip if [m] = 0

Affected flag(s)

None

SIZA [m]

Skip if increment Data Memory is zero with result in ACC

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are first incremented by 1. If the result is 0, the

following instruction is skipped. The result is stored in the Accumulator but the specified

Data Memory contents remain unchanged. As this requires the insertion of a dummy in-

struction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not

0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

ACC ¬ [m] + 1

Skip if ACC = 0

Affected flag(s)

None

SNZ [m].i

Skip if bit i of Data Memory is not 0

Description

If bit i of the specified Data Memory is not 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this re-

quires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two

cycle instruction. If the result is 0 the program proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

Skip if [m].i ¹ 0

Affected flag(s)

None

SUB A,[m]

Subtract Data Memory from ACC

Description

The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result

is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will

be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC - [m]

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

SUBM A,[m]

Subtract Data Memory from ACC with result in Data Memory

Description

The specified Data Memory is subtracted from the contents of the Accumulator. The result

is stored in the Data Memory. Note that if the result of subtraction is negative, the C flag will

be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will be set to 1.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC - [m]

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

SUB A,x

Subtract immediate data from ACC

Description

The immediate data specified by the code is subtracted from the contents of the Accumu-

lator. The result is stored in the Accumulator. Note that if the result of subtraction is nega-

tive, the C flag will be cleared to 0, otherwise if the result is positive or zero, the C flag will

be set to 1.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC - x

Affected flag(s)

OV, Z, AC, C

Rev. 1.40

31

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

SWAP [m]

Description

Operation

Swap nibbles of Data Memory

The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged.

[m].3~[m].0 « [m].7 ~ [m].4

Affected flag(s)

None

SWAPA [m]

Swap nibbles of Data Memory with result in ACC

Description

The low-order and high-order nibbles of the specified Data Memory are interchanged. The

result is stored in the Accumulator. The contents of the Data Memory remain unchanged.

Operation

ACC.3 ~ ACC.0 ¬ [m].7 ~ [m].4

ACC.7 ~ ACC.4 ¬ [m].3 ~ [m].0

Affected flag(s)

None

SZ [m]

Skip if Data Memory is 0

Description

If the contents of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As

this requires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a

two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the program proceeds with the following instruc-

tion.

Operation

Skip if [m] = 0

None

Affected flag(s)

SZA [m]

Skip if Data Memory is 0 with data movement to ACC

Description

The contents of the specified Data Memory are copied to the Accumulator. If the value is

zero, the following instruction is skipped. As this requires the insertion of a dummy instruc-

tion while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two cycle instruction. If the result is not 0 the

program proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

ACC ¬ [m]

Skip if [m] = 0

Affected flag(s)

None

SZ [m].i

Skip if bit i of Data Memory is 0

Description

If bit i of the specified Data Memory is 0, the following instruction is skipped. As this re-

quires the insertion of a dummy instruction while the next instruction is fetched, it is a two

cycle instruction. If the result is not 0, the program proceeds with the following instruction.

Operation

Skip if [m].i = 0

None

Affected flag(s)

TABRDC [m]

Read table (current page) to TBLH and Data Memory

Description

The low byte of the program code (current page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is

moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.

Operation

[m] ¬ program code (low byte)

TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)

Affected flag(s)

None

TABRDL [m]

Read table (last page) to TBLH and Data Memory

Description

The low byte of the program code (last page) addressed by the table pointer (TBLP) is

moved to the specified Data Memory and the high byte moved to TBLH.

Operation

[m] ¬ program code (low byte)

TBLH ¬ program code (high byte)

Affected flag(s)

None

Rev. 1.40

32

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

XOR A,[m]

Logical XOR Data Memory to ACC

Description

Data in the Accumulator and the specified Data Memory perform a bitwise logical XOR op-

eration. The result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

XORM A,[m]

Logical XOR ACC to Data Memory

Description

Data in the specified Data Memory and the Accumulator perform a bitwise logical XOR op-

eration. The result is stored in the Data Memory.

Operation

[m] ¬ ACC ²XOR² [m]

Affected flag(s)

Z

XOR A,x

Logical XOR immediate data to ACC

Description

Data in the Accumulator and the specified immediate data perform a bitwise logical XOR

operation. The result is stored in the Accumulator.

Operation

ACC ¬ ACC ²XOR² x

Affected flag(s)

Z

Rev. 1.40

33

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Package Information

28-pin SOP (300mil) Outline Dimensions

2

8

1

5

A

B

1

4

C

'

G

H

D

a

E

F

·

MS-013

Dimensions in mil

Symbol

Min.

393

256

12

697

¾

Nom.

¾

Max.

419

300

20

A

B

C

C¢

D

E

F

¾

713

104

¾

50

¾

4

12

¾

G

H

a

16

8

50

13

0°

8°

Rev. 1.40

34

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

28-pin SSOP (209mil) Outline Dimensions

2

8

1

5

4

A

B

1

C

'

G

H

D

a

E

F

·

MO-150

Dimensions in mm

Symbol

Min.

7.40

5.00

0.22

9.90

¾

Nom.

¾

Max.

8.20

5.60

0.33

10.50

2.00

¾

A

B

C

C¢

D

E

F

¾

0.65

¾

0.05

0.55

0.09

0°

¾

G

H

a

0.95

0.21

8°

¾

Rev. 1.40

35

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Product Tape and Reel Specifications

Reel Dimensions

D

T

2

C

A

B

T

1

SOP 28W (300mil)

Symbol

Description

Dimensions in mm

330.0±1.0

A

B

Reel Outer Diameter

Reel Inner Diameter

Spindle Hole Diameter

Key Slit Width

100.0±1.5

+0.5/-0.2

13.0

C

D

2.0±0.5

+0.3/-0.2

24.8

T1

T2

Space Between Flange

Reel Thickness

30.2±0.2

SSOP 28S (209mil)

Symbol

Description

Reel Outer Diameter

Reel Inner Diameter

Dimensions in mm

330.0±1.0

A

B

100.0±1.5

+0.5/-0.2

13.0

C

Spindle Hole Diameter

Key Slit Width

D

2.0±0.5

+0.3/-0.2

28.4

T1

T2

Space Between Flange

Reel Thickness

31.1 (max.)

Rev. 1.40

36

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Carrier Tape Dimensions

P

0

P

1

t

D

E

F

W

B

0

C

D

1

P

K

0

A

0

R

e

l

H

o

l

e

I

C

p

a

c

k

a

g

e

p

i

n

1

a

n

d

t

a

r

e

l

o

c

a

t

e

d

o

n

t

h

e

s

a

m

SOP 28W (300mil)

Symbol

Description

Dimensions in mm

24.0±0.3

W

P

Carrier Tape Width

Cavity Pitch

12.0±0.1

E

Perforation Position

1.75±0.10

F

Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)

Perforation Diameter

Cavity Hole Diameter

Perforation Pitch

11.5±0.1

+0.1/-0.0

D

1.5

+0.25/-0.00

D1

P0

P1

A0

B0

K0

t

1.50

4.0±0.1

2.0±0.1

Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)

Cavity Length

10.85±0.10

18.34±0.10

2.97±0.10

0.35±0.01

21.3±0.1

Cavity Width

Cavity Depth

Carrier Tape Thickness

Cover Tape Width

C

SSOP 28S (209mil)

Symbol

Description

Carrier Tape Width

Cavity Pitch

Dimensions in mm

24.0±0.3

W

P

12.0±0.1

E

Perforation Position

Cavity to Perforation (Width Direction)

Perforation Diameter

Cavity Hole Diameter

Perforation Pitch

1.75±0.10

F

11.5±0.1

+0.1/-0.0

D

1.5

+0.25/-0.00

D1

P0

P1

A0

B0

K0

t

1.50

4.0±0.2

2.0±0.1

Cavity to Perforation (Length Direction)

Cavity Length

8.4±0.1

Cavity Width

10.65±0.10

2.4±0.1

Cavity Depth

Carrier Tape Thickness

Cover Tape Width

0.30±0.05

21.3±0.1

C

Rev. 1.40

37

May 22, 2009

HT48RA1/HT48CA1

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Headquarters)

No.3, Creation Rd. II, Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan

Tel: 886-3-563-1999

Fax: 886-3-563-1189

http://www.holtek.com.tw

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Taipei Sales Office)

4F-2, No. 3-2, YuanQu St., Nankang Software Park, Taipei 115, Taiwan

Tel: 886-2-2655-7070

Fax: 886-2-2655-7373

Fax: 886-2-2655-7383 (International sales hotline)

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shanghai Sales Office)

G Room, 3 Floor, No.1 Building, No.2016 Yi-Shan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, China 201103

Tel: 86-21-5422-4590

Fax: 86-21-5422-4705

http://www.holtek.com.cn

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Shenzhen Sales Office)

5F, Unit A, Productivity Building, No.5 Gaoxin M 2nd Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China 518057

Tel: 86-755-8616-9908, 86-755-8616-9308

Fax: 86-755-8616-9722

Holtek Semiconductor Inc. (Beijing Sales Office)

Suite 1721, Jinyu Tower, A129 West Xuan Wu Men Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, China 100031

Tel: 86-10-6641-0030, 86-10-6641-7751, 86-10-6641-7752

Fax: 86-10-6641-0125

Holtek Semiconductor (USA), Inc. (North America Sales Office)

46729 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538

Tel: 1-510-252-9880

Fax: 1-510-252-9885

http://www.holtek.com

The information appearing in this Data Sheet is believed to be accurate at the time of publication. However, Holtek as-

sumes no responsibility arising from the use of the specifications described. The applications mentioned herein are used

solely for the purpose of illustration and Holtek makes no warranty or representation that such applications will be suitable

without further modification, nor recommends the use of its products for application that may present a risk to human life

due to malfunction or otherwise. Holtek¢s products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices

or systems. Holtek reserves the right to alter its products without prior notification. For the most up-to-date information,

please visit our web site at http://www.holtek.com.tw.

Rev. 1.40

38

May 22, 2009


型号：	HT48CA1(28SOP-A)
厂家：	HOLTEK SEMICONDUCTOR INC
描述：	Microcontroller, 8-Bit, MROM, 8MHz, CMOS, PDSO28 微控制器光电二极管
文件：	总38页 (文件大小：263K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

HT48CA1(28SOP-A) [HOLTEK]

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