LM3485MWC [TI]

IC,SMPS CONTROLLER,VOLTAGE-MODE,DIE;
LM3485MWC
型号: LM3485MWC
厂家: TEXAS INSTRUMENTS    TEXAS INSTRUMENTS
描述:

IC,SMPS CONTROLLER,VOLTAGE-MODE,DIE

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中文:  中文翻译
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National Semiconductor is now part of  
Texas Instruments.  
Search http://www.ti.com/ for the latest technical  
information and details on our current products and services.  
September 2003  
LM3485  
Hysteretic PFET Buck Controller  
n 4.5V to 35V wide input range  
n 1.242V to VIN adjustable output range  
n High Efficiency 93%  
General Description  
The LM3485 is a high efficiency PFET switching regulator  
controller that can be used to quickly and easily develop a  
small, low cost, switching buck regulator for a wide range of  
applications. The hysteretic control architecture provides for  
simple design without any control loop stability concerns  
using a wide variety of external components. The PFET  
architecture also allows for low component count as well as  
ultra-low dropout, 100% duty cycle operation. Another ben-  
efit is high efficiency operation at light loads without an  
increase in output ripple.  
n
1.3% ( 2% over temp) internal reference  
n 100% duty cycle  
>
n Maximum operating frequency 1MHz  
n Current limit protection  
n MSOP-8  
Applications  
n Set-Top Box  
n DSL/Cable Modem  
n PC/IA  
n Auto PC  
n TFT Monitor  
Current limit protection is provided by measuring the voltage  
across the PFET’s RDS(ON), thus eliminating the need for a  
sense resistor. The cycle-by-cycle current limit can be ad-  
justed with a single resistor, ensuring safe operation over a  
range of output currents.  
n Battery Powered Portable Applications  
n Distributed Power Systems  
n Always On Power  
Features  
n Easy to use control methodology  
n No control loop compensation required  
Typical Application Circuit  
20034608  
© 2003 National Semiconductor Corporation  
DS200346  
www.national.com  
Connection Diagram  
Top View  
20034609  
8 Lead Plastic MSOP-8  
NS package Number MUA08A  
Package Marking and Ordering Information  
Order Number  
Package Type  
Package Marking  
Supplied As:  
LM3485MM  
MSOP-8  
S29B  
1000 units on Tape and Reel  
3500 units on Tape and Reel  
LM3485MMX  
MSOP-8  
S29B  
Pin Description  
Pin Name  
Pin Number  
Description  
ISENSE  
1
The current sense input pin. This pin should be connected to Drain  
node of the external PFET.  
GND  
NC  
2
3
4
Signal ground.  
No connection.  
FB  
The feedback input. Connect the FB to a resistor voltage divider  
between the output and GND for an adjustable output voltage.  
Current limit threshold adjustment. It connects to an internal 5.5µA  
current source. A resistor is connected between this pin and the  
input Power Supply. The voltage across this resistor is compared  
with the VDS of the external PFET to determine if an over-current  
condition has occurred.  
ADJ  
5
PWR GND  
PGATE  
6
7
Power ground.  
Gate Drive output for the external PFET. PGATE swings between  
VIN and VIN-5V.  
VIN  
8
Power supply input pin.  
www.national.com  
2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 1)  
ESD Susceptibilty  
Human Body Model (Note 3)  
Lead Temperature  
2kV  
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,  
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/  
Distributors for availability and specifications.  
Vapor Phase (60 sec.)  
Infared (15 sec.)  
215˚C  
220˚C  
VIN Voltage  
−0.3V to 36V  
−0.3V to 36V  
−0.3V to 5V  
−1.0V to 36V  
−0.3V to 36V  
150˚C  
Storage Temperature  
−65˚C to 150˚C  
PGATE Voltage  
FB Voltage  
ISENSE Voltage  
ADJ Voltage  
Operating Ratings (Note 1)  
Supply Voltage  
Operating Junction  
Temperature  
4.5V to 35V  
Maximum Junction Temp.  
Power Dissipation  
@
417mW TA  
=
−40˚C to +125˚C  
25˚C  
Electrical Characteristics  
Specifications in Standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and in bold type face apply over the full Operating Temperature  
Range (TJ = −40˚C to +125˚C). Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V, VISNS = VIN − 1V, and VADJ = VIN − 1.1V. Datasheet  
min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
(Note 4)  
Typ  
(Note 5)  
250  
Max  
(Note 4)  
400  
Unit  
IQ  
Quiescent Current at  
ground pin  
FB = 1.5V  
µA  
(Not Switching)  
VFB  
Feedback Voltage  
(Note 6)  
1.226  
1.242  
1.258  
1.267  
15  
V
1.217  
VHYST  
Comparator  
10  
14  
mV  
mV  
Hysteresis  
20  
VCL(Note 7)  
Current limit  
RADJ = 20k  
RADJ = 160kΩ  
VFB = 1.5V  
110  
comparator trip  
voltage  
880  
0
VCL_OFFSET  
ICL_ADJ  
TCL  
Current limit  
−20  
3.0  
6
+20  
7.0  
14  
mV  
µA  
µs  
comparator offset  
Current limit ADJ  
current source  
Current limit one shot  
off time  
VFB = 1.5V  
5.5  
9
VADJ = 11.5V  
VISNS = 11.0V  
VFB = 1.0V  
Source  
RPGATE  
Driver resistance  
5.5  
8.5  
ISOURCE = 100mA  
Sink  
ISink = 100mA  
Source  
IPGATE  
Driver Output current  
0.44  
A
VIN = 7V,  
PGATE = 3.5V  
Sink  
0.32  
1.2  
VIN = 7V,  
PGATE = 3.5V  
VIN = 4.5V  
VFB = 1.0V  
IGATE = 100µA sink  
VFB = 1.0V  
VPGATEMIN  
Minimum driver  
voltage  
V
IFB  
FB pin Bias Current  
(Note 8)  
300  
100  
750  
nA  
ns  
TONMIN_NOR  
Minimum on time in  
normal operation  
VISNS = VADJ+0.1V  
Cload on OUT =  
1000pF  
(Note 9)  
3
www.national.com  
Electrical Characteristics (Continued)  
Specifications in Standard type face are for TJ = 25˚C, and in bold type face apply over the full Operating Temperature  
Range (TJ = −40˚C to +125˚C). Unless otherwise specified, VIN = 12V, VISNS = VIN − 1V, and VADJ = VIN − 1.1V. Datasheet  
min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Min  
(Note 4)  
Typ  
(Note 5)  
175  
Max  
(Note 4)  
Unit  
TONMIN_CL  
Minimum on time in  
current limit  
VISNS = VADJ+0.1V  
VFB = 1.0V Cload on  
OUT = 1000pF  
(Note 9)  
ns  
%VFB/VIN  
Feedback Voltage  
Line Regulation  
4.5 VIN 35V  
0.010  
%/V  
Note 1: Absolute maximum ratings are limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings are conditions for which the device is intended to  
be functional, but device parameter specifications may not be guaranteed. For guaranteed specifications and test conditions, see the Electrical Characteristics.  
Note 2: The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the maximum junction temperature, T  
, the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance, θ  
=
JA  
J_MAX  
240˚C/W, and the ambient temperature, T . The maximum allowable power dissipation at any ambient temperature is calculated using:  
A
P
= (T  
- T )/θ . Exceeding the maximum allowable power dissipation will cause excessive die temperature.  
D_MAX  
J_MAX A JA  
Note 3: The human body model is a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kresistor into each pin.  
Note 4: All limits are guaranteed at room temperature (standard type face) and at temperature extremes (bold type face). All room temperature limits are 100%  
tested. All limits at temperature extremes are guaranteed via correlation using standard Statistical Quality Control (SQC) methods. All limits are used to calculate  
Average Outgoing Quality Level (AOQL).  
Note 5: Typical numbers are at 25˚C and represent the most likely norm.  
Note 6: The V is the trip voltage at the FB pin when PGATE switches from high to low.  
FB  
*
Note 7: V = I  
R
ADJ  
CL  
CL_ADJ  
Note 8: Bias current flows out from the FB pin.  
Note 9: A 1000pF capacitor is connected between V and PGATE.  
IN  
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4
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, TJ = 25˚C  
Quiescent Current vs Input Voltage  
(FB = 1.5V)  
Feedback Voltage vs Temperature  
20034607  
20034601  
Hysteresis Voltage vs Input Voltage  
Hysteresis Voltage vs Temperature  
20034606  
20034605  
Current Limit ADJ Current vs Temperature  
Current Limit One Shot OFF Time vs. Temperature  
20034602  
20034604  
5
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Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, TJ = 25˚C (Continued)  
PGATE Voltage vs Input Voltage  
Minimum ON Time vs. Temperature  
20034612  
20034603  
Operating ON Time vs  
Output Load Current  
(VIN = 4.5V)  
Operating ON Time vs  
Output Load Current  
(VIN = 12V)  
20034622  
20034640  
Efficiency vs Load Current  
(VOUT = 3.3V, L = 6.8µH)  
Efficiency vs Load Current  
(VOUT = 3.3V, L = 22µH)  
20034618  
20034617  
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6
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, TJ = 25˚C (Continued)  
Efficiency vs Load Current  
(VOUT = 5.0V, L = 22µH)  
Start Up  
20034620  
20034631  
Continuous Mode Operation  
Discontinuous Mode Operation  
(VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3 V, IOUT = 500mA, L = 22µH)  
(VIN = 12V, VOUT =3.3 V, IOUT = 50mA, L = 22µH)  
20034616  
20034615  
Operating Frequency vs Input Voltage  
Output Ripple Voltage vs Input Voltage  
(VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 1A, COUT(ESR) = 80m, Cff = 100pF)  
(VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 1A, COUT(ESR) = 80m, Cff = 100pF)  
20034613  
20034643  
7
www.national.com  
Typical Performance Characteristics Unless otherwise specified, TJ = 25˚C (Continued)  
Operating Frequency vs  
Output Load Current  
(L = 22µH, COUT(ESR) = 45m, Cff = 100pF)  
Feed-Forward Capacitor (Cff) Effect  
(VOUT = 3.3V, L = 22µH, IOUT = 500mA)  
20034621  
20034630  
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8
Block Diagram  
20034610  
diode turns on, and the current through the inductor ramps  
down. Then, as the output voltage reaches the internal ref-  
erence voltage again, the next cycle starts.  
Functional Description  
Overview  
The LM3485 operates in discontinuous conduction mode at  
light load current or continuous conduction mode at heavy  
load current. In discontinuous conduction mode, current  
through the inductor starts at zero and ramps up to the peak,  
then ramps down to zero. Next cycle starts when the FB  
voltage reaches the internal voltage. Until then, the inductor  
current remains zero. Operating frequency is lower and  
switching losses reduce. In continuous conduction mode,  
current always flows through the inductor and never ramps  
down to zero.  
The LM3485 is buck (step-down) DC-DC controller that uses  
a hysteretic control scheme. The comparator is designed  
with approximately 10mV of hysteresis. In response to the  
voltage at the FB pin, the gate drive (PGATE pin) turns the  
external PFET on or off. When the inductor current is too  
high, the current limit protection circuit engages and turns  
the PFET off for approximately 9µs.  
Hysteretic control does not require an internal oscillator.  
Switching frequency depends on the external components  
and operating conditions. Operating frequency reduces at  
light loads resulting in excellent efficiency compared to other  
architectures.  
The output voltage (VOUT) can be programmed by 2 external  
resistors. It can be calculated as follows:  
*
VOUT = 1.242 ( R1 + R2 ) / R2  
2 external resistors can easily program the output voltage.  
The output can be set in a wide range from 1.242V (typical)  
to VIN  
.
Hysteretic Control Circuit  
The LM3485 uses a comparator based voltage control loop.  
The feedback is compared to a 1.242V reference and a  
10mV hysteresis is designed into the comparator to ensure  
noise free operation.  
When the FB input to the comparator falls below the refer-  
ence voltage, the output of the comparator moves to a low  
state. This results in the driver output, PGATE, pulling the  
gate of the PFET low and turning on the PFET. With the  
PFET on, the input supply charges Cout and supplies cur-  
rent to the load via the series path through the PFET and the  
inductor. Current through the Inductor ramps up linearly and  
the output voltage increases. As the FB voltage reaches the  
upper threshold, which is the internal reference voltage plus  
10mV, the output of the comparator changes from low to  
high, and the PGATE responds by turning the PFET off. As  
the PFET turns off, the inductor voltage reverses, the catch  
20034623  
FIGURE 1. Hysteretic Window  
9
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Current Limit Operation  
Functional Description (Continued)  
The LM3485 has a cycle-by-cycle current limit. Current limit  
is sensed across the VDS of the PFET or across an addi-  
tional sense resistor. When current limit is activated, the  
LM3485 turns off the external PFET for a period of 9µs(typi-  
cal). The current limit is adjusted by an external resistor,  
The minimum output voltage ripple (VOUT_PP) can be calcu-  
lated in the same way.  
VOUT_PP = VHYST ( R1 + R2 ) / R2  
For example, with VOUT set to 3.3V, VOUT_PP is 26.6mV  
RADJ  
.
*
VOUT_PP = 0.01 ( 33K + 20K ) / 20K = 0.0266V  
The current limit circuit is composed of the ISENSE com-  
parator and the one-shot pulse generator. The positive input  
of the ISENSE comparator is the ADJ pin. An internal 5.5µA  
current sink creates a voltage across the external RADJ  
resistor. This voltage is compared to the voltage across the  
PFET or sense resistor. The ADJ voltage can be calculated  
as follows:  
Operating frequency (F) is determined by knowing the input  
voltage, output voltage, inductor, VHYST, ESR (Equivalent  
Series Resistance) of output capacitor, and the delay. It can  
be approximately calculated using the formula:  
*
VADJ = VIN − (RADJ 3.0µA)  
Where 3.0µA is the minimum ICL-ADJ value.  
The negative input of the ISENSE comparator is the ISENSE  
pin that should be connected to the drain of the external  
PFET. The inductor current is determined by sensing the  
VDS. It can be calculated as follows.  
where:  
α: ( R1 + R2 ) / R2  
delay: It includes the LM3485 propagation delay time  
and the PFET delay time. The propagation delay is 90ns  
typically. (See the Propagation Delay curve below.)  
*
VISENSE = VIN − (RDSON IIND_PEAK) = VIN − VDS  
20034625  
FIGURE 3. Current Sensing by VDS  
20034614  
The current limit is activated when the voltage at the ADJ pin  
exceeds the voltage at the ISENSE pin. The ISENSE com-  
parator triggers the 9µs one shot pulse generator forcing the  
driver to turn the PFET off. The driver turns the PFET back  
on after 9µs. If the current has not reduced below the set  
threshold, the cycle will repeat continuously.  
FIGURE 2. Propagation Delay  
The operating frequency and output ripple voltage can also  
be significantly influenced by the speed up capacitor (Cff).  
Cff is connected in parallel with the high side feedback  
resistor, R1. The location of this capacitor is similar to where  
a feed forward capacitor would be located in a PWM control  
scheme. However it’s effect on hysteretic operation is much  
different. The output ripple causes a current to be sourced or  
sunk through this capacitor. This current is essentially a  
square wave. Since the input to the feedback pin, FB, is a  
high impedance node, the current flows through R2. The end  
result is a reduction in output ripple and an increase in  
operating frequency. When adding Cff, calculate the formula  
above with α = 1. The value of Cff depend on the desired  
operating frequency and the value of R2. A good starting  
point is 470pF ceramic at 100kHz decreasing linearly with  
increased operating frequency. Also note that as the output  
voltage is programmed below 2.5V, the effect of Cff will  
decrease significantly.  
A filter capacitor, CADJ, should be placed as shown in Figure  
3. CADJ filters unwanted noise so that the ISENSE compara-  
tor will not be accidentally triggered. A value of 100pF to 1nF  
is recommended in most applications. Higher values can be  
used to create a soft-start function (See Start Up section).  
The current limit comparator has approximately 100ns of  
blanking time. This ensures that the PFET is fully on when  
the current is sensed. However, under extreme conditions  
such as cold temperature, some PFETs may not fully turn on  
within the blanking time. In this case, the current limit thresh-  
old must be increased. If the current limit function is used,  
the on time must be greater than 100ns. Under low duty  
cycle operation, the maximum operating frequency will be  
limited by this minimum on time.  
During current limit operation, the output voltage will drop  
significantly as will operating frequency. As the load current  
is reduced, the output will return to the programmed voltage.  
However, there is a current limit fold back phenomenon  
inherent in this current limit architecture. See Figure 4.  
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10  
parallel with RADJ results in soft-start. CADJ and RADJ create  
an RC time constant forcing current limit to activate at a  
lower current. The output voltage will ramp more slowly  
when using the soft-start functionality. There are example  
start-up plots for CADJ equal to 1nF and 10nF in the Typical  
Performance Characteristics. Lower values for CADJ will  
have little to no effect on soft-start.  
Functional Description (Continued)  
External Sense Resistor  
The VDS of a PFET will tend to vary significantly over tem-  
perature. This will result an equivalent variation in current  
limit. To improve current limit accuracy an external sense  
resistor can be connected from VIN to the source of the  
PFET, as shown in Figure 5.  
20034626  
FIGURE 4. Current Limit Fold Back Phenomenon  
>
At high input voltages ( 28V) increased undershoot at the  
switch node can cause an increase in the current limit  
threshold. To avoid this problem, a low Vf Schottky catch  
diode must be used (See Catch Diode Selection). Addition-  
ally, a resistor can be placed between the ISENSE pin and  
the switch node. Any value up to approximately 600is  
recommended.  
Start Up  
The current limit circuit is active during start-up. During  
start-up the PFET will stay on until either the current limit or  
the feedback comparator is tripped  
20034627  
If the current limit comparator is tripped first then the fold  
back characteristic should be taken into account. Start-up  
into full load may require a higher current limit set point or the  
load must be applied after start-up.  
FIGURE 5. Current Sensing by External Resistor  
One problem with selecting a higher current limit is inrush  
current during start-up. Increasing the capacitance (CADJ) in  
11  
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Design Information  
Hysteretic control is a simple control scheme. However the  
operating frequency and other performance characteristics  
highly depend on external conditions and components. If  
either the inductance, output capacitance, ESR, VIN, or Cff is  
changed, there will be a change in the operating frequency  
and output ripple. The best approach is to determine what  
operating frequency is desirable in the application and then  
begin with the selection of the inductor and COUT ESR.  
CON, Panasonic SP CAP, Nichicon "NA" series, are also  
recommended and may be used without additional series  
resistance.  
For all practical purposes, any type of output capacitor may  
be used with proper circuit verification.  
Input Capacitor Selection (CIN  
)
A bypass capacitor is required between the input source and  
ground. It must be located near the source pin of the external  
PFET. The input capacitor prevents large voltage transients  
at the input and provides the instantaneous current when the  
PFET turns on.  
Inductor Selection (L1)  
The important parameters for the inductor are the induc-  
tance and the current rating. The LM3485 operates over a  
wide frequency range and can use a wide range of induc-  
tance values. A good rule of thumb is to use the equations  
used for National’s Simple Switchers®. The equation for  
inductor ripple (i) as a function of output current (IOUT) is:  
The important parameters for the input capacitor are the  
voltage rating and the RMS current rating. Follow the manu-  
facturer’s recommended voltage derating. For high input  
voltage application, low ESR electrolytic capacitor, the Nichi-  
con "UD" series or the Panasonic "FK" series, is available.  
The RMS current in the input capacitor can be calculated.  
<
for Iout 2.0Amps  
−0.366726  
*
*
i Iout 0.386827 Iout  
>
for Iout 2.0Amps  
*
i Iout 0.3  
The inductance can be calculated based upon the desired  
operating frequency where:  
The input capacitor power dissipation can be calculated as  
follows.  
2
*
PD(CIN) = IRMS_CIN  
ESRCIN  
The input capacitor must be able to handle the RMS current  
and the PD. Several input capacitors may be connected in  
parallel to handle large RMS currents. In some cases it may  
be much cheaper to use multiple electrolytic capacitors than  
a single low ESR, high performance capacitor such as OS-  
CON or Tantalum. The capacitance value should be selected  
such that the ripple voltage created by the charge and  
discharge of the capacitance is less than 10% of the total  
ripple across the capacitor.  
And  
where D is the duty cycle, VD is the diode forward voltage,  
and VDS is the voltgae drop across the PFET.  
The inductor should be rated to the following:  
Programming the Current Limit (RADJ  
)
*
Ipk = (Iout+i/2) 1.1  
The current limit is determined by connecting a resistor  
(RADJ) between input voltage and the ADJ pin.  
*
RADJ = IIND_PEAK RDSON/ICL_ADJ  
where:  
The inductance value and the resulting ripple is one of the  
key parameters controlling operating frequency. The second  
is the ESR.  
RDSON : Drain-Source ON resistance of the external PFET  
ICL_ADJ : 3.0µA minimum  
IIND_PEAK = ILOAD + IRIPPLE/2  
Using the minimum value for ICL_ADJ (3.0µA) ensures that  
the current limit threshold will be set higher than the peak  
inductor current.  
Output Capacitor Selection (COUT  
)
The ESR of the output capacitor times the inductor ripple  
current is equal to the output ripple of the regulator. How-  
ever, the VHYST sets the first order value of this ripple. As  
ESR is increased with a given inductance, then operating  
frequency increases as well. If ESR is reduced then the  
operating frequency reduces.  
The RADJ value must be selected to ensure that the voltage  
at the ADJ pin does not fall below 3.5V. With this in mind,  
RADJ_MAX = (VIN-3.5)/7µA. If a larger RADJ value is needed  
to set the desired current limit, either use a PFET with a  
lower RDSON, or use a current sense resistor as shown in  
Figure 5.  
The use of ceramic capacitors has become a common de-  
sire of many power supply designers. However, ceramic  
capacitors have a very low ESR resulting in a 90˚ phase shift  
of the output voltage ripple. This results in low operating  
frequency and increased output ripple. To fix this problem a  
low value resistor should be added in series with the ceramic  
output capacitor. Although counter intuitive, this combination  
of a ceramic capacitor and external series resistance provide  
highly accurate control over the output voltage ripple. The  
other types capacitor, such as Sanyo POS CAP and OS-  
The current limit function can be disabled by connecting the  
ADJ pin to ground and ISENSE to VIN.  
Catch Diode Selection (D1)  
The important parameters for the catch diode are the peak  
current, the peak reverse voltage, and the average power  
dissipation. The average current through the diode can be  
calculated as following.  
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12  
higher than the 25˚C value. This increase in RDSON must be  
considered it when determining RADJ in wide temperature  
range applications. If the current limit is set based upon 25˚C  
ratings, then false current limiting can occur at high tempera-  
ture.  
Design Information (Continued)  
*
ID_AVE = IOUT (1 − D)  
The off state voltage across the catch diode is approximately  
equal to the input voltage. The peak reverse voltage rating  
must be greater than input voltage. In nearly all cases a  
Schottky diode is recommended. In low output voltage ap-  
plications a low forward voltage provides improved effi-  
ciency. For high temperature applications, diode leakage  
current may become significant and require a higher reverse  
voltage rating to achieve acceptable performance.  
Keeping the gate capacitance below 2000pF is recom-  
mended to keep switching losses and transition times low.  
As gate capacitance increases, operating frequency should  
be reduced and as gate capacitance decreases operating  
frequency can be increased.  
PCB Layout  
P-Channel MOSFET Selection (Q1)  
The PC board layout is very important in all switching regu-  
lator designs. Poor layout can cause switching noise into the  
feedback signal and general EMI problems. For minimal  
inductance, the wires indicated by heavy lines should be as  
wide and short as possible. Keep the ground pin of the input  
capacitor as close as possible to the anode of the diode. This  
path carries a large AC current. The switching node, the  
node with the diode cathode, inductor, and FET drain, should  
be kept short. This node is one of the main sources for  
radiated EMI since it is an AC voltage at the switching  
frequency. It is always good practice to use a ground plane in  
the design, particularly at high currents.  
The important parameters for the PFET are the maximum  
Drain-Source voltage (VDS), the on resistance (RDSON), Cur-  
rent rating, and the input capacitance.  
The voltage across the PFET when it is turned off is equal to  
the sum of the input voltage and the diode forward voltage.  
The VDS must be selected to provide some margin beyond  
the input voltage.  
PFET drain current, Id, must be rated higher than the peak  
inductor current, IIND-PEAK  
.
PGATE swings the PFET’s gate from VIN to VIN − 5V when  
the input voltage is greater than 7V. At less than 7V input, the  
PGATE voltage swing is smaller. At 4.5V input the PGATE  
swings from VIN to VIN − 3.3V. To insure that the PFET turns  
on completely, a low threshold PFET should be used when  
the input voltage is less than 7V.  
The two ground pins, PWR GND and GND, should be con-  
nected by as short a trace as possible; they can be con-  
nected underneath the device. These pins are resistively  
connected internally by approximately 50. The ground pins  
should be tied to the ground plane, or to a large ground trace  
in close proximity to both the FB divider and COUT grounds.  
However, PFET switching losses will increase as the VGS  
threshold decreases. Therefore, whenever possible, a high  
threshold PFET should be selected. Total power loss in the  
FET can be approximated using the following equation:  
2
The gate pin of the external PFET should be located close to  
the PGATE pin. However, if a very small FET is used, a  
resistor may be required between PGATE and the gate of  
the FET to reduce high frequency ringing. Since this resistor  
will slow the PFET’s rise time, the current limit blanking time  
should be taken into consideration (see Current Limit Opera-  
tion).  
*
*
*
*
*
PDswitch = RDSON IOUT D + F IOUT VIN (ton + toff)/2  
where:  
ton = FET turn on time  
toff = FET turn off time  
A value of 10ns to 20ns is typical for ton and toff.  
The feedback voltage signal line can be sensitive to noise.  
Avoid inductive coupling to the inductor or the switching  
node, by keeping the FB trace away from these areas.  
The RDSON is used in determining the current limit resistor  
value, RADJ. Note that the RDSON has a positive temperature  
coefficient. At 100˚C, the RDSON may be as much as 150%  
20034628  
FIGURE 6. Typical PCB Layout Schematic (3.3V output)  
13  
www.national.com  
PCB Layout (Continued)  
20034644  
Bottom Layer  
20034642  
Top Layer  
20034641  
Silk Screen  
C1: CIN 22µF/35V EEJL1VD226R (Panasonic)  
C2: COUT 100µF/6.3V 6TPC100M (Sanyo)  
C3: CADJ 1nF Ceramic Chip Capacitor  
C4: CFF 100pF Ceramic Chip Capacitor  
D1: 1A/40V MBRS140T3 (On Semiconductor)  
L1: 22µH :QH66SN220M01L (Murata)  
Q1: FDC5614P (Fairchild)  
R1: 33KChip Resistor  
R2: 20KChip Resistor  
R3: RADJ 24KChip Resistor  
FIGURE 7. Typical PCB Layout (3.3V Output)  
www.national.com  
14  
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)  
unless otherwise noted  
8 Lead Plastic MSOP-8  
NS package Number MUA08A  
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY  
NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT  
DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL  
COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:  
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or  
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant  
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and  
whose failure to perform when properly used in  
accordance with instructions for use provided in the  
labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a  
significant injury to the user.  
2. A critical component is any component of a life  
support device or system whose failure to perform  
can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of  
the life support device or system, or to affect its  
safety or effectiveness.  
National Semiconductor  
Americas Customer  
Support Center  
National Semiconductor  
Europe Customer Support Center  
Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86  
National Semiconductor  
Asia Pacific Customer  
Support Center  
National Semiconductor  
Japan Customer Support Center  
Fax: 81-3-5639-7507  
Email: new.feedback@nsc.com  
Tel: 1-800-272-9959  
Email: europe.support@nsc.com  
Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208  
English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171  
Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790  
Email: ap.support@nsc.com  
Email: jpn.feedback@nsc.com  
Tel: 81-3-5639-7560  
www.national.com  
National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.  

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