ISL976787IBZ [RENESAS]
LED DISPLAY DRIVER, PDSO28, 0.300 INCH, ROHS COMPLIANT, PLASTIC, MS-013AE, SOIC-28;
| 型号： | ISL976787IBZ |
| 厂家： | 
RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP |
| 描述： | LED DISPLAY DRIVER, PDSO28, 0.300 INCH, ROHS COMPLIANT, PLASTIC, MS-013AE, SOIC-28 驱动 光电二极管 接口集成电路 |
| 文件： | 总24页 (文件大小：1353K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
4-Channel LED Driver with Phase Shift Control and
10-Bit Dimming Resolution
ISL97687
Features
The ISL97687 is a PWM controlled LED driver that supports
4 channels of LED current, for Monitor and TV LCD backlight
applications. It is capable of driving 160mA per channel from a
9V to 32V input supply, with current sources rated up to 75V
absolute maximum.
• 4x160mA, 75V rated channels with integrated channel
regulation FETs
• Channels can be ganged for high current
- 2x350mA
- 1x700mA
The ISL97687’s current sources achieve typical current
matching to ±1%, while dynamically maintaining the
minimum required VOUT necessary for regulation. This adaptive
scheme compensates for the non-uniformity of forward
voltage variance in the LED strings.
• 9V~32V input voltage
• Dimming modes:
- Direct PWM dimming from 100Hz~30kHz
- PWM dimming with adjustable output frequency
- 10-bit dimming resolution
- VSYNC function to synchronize PWM signal to frame
rate
The ISL97687 can decode both an incoming PWM signal and
an analog input voltage, for DC-to-PWM dimming applications.
Modes include direct PWM and several modes where the PWM
frequency is synthesized on chip at 10-bit resolution. This can
be either free running, or synchronized with the frame rate to
give both a frequency and a phase lock, minimizing panel to
panel variation and display flicker. Phase shift is supported,
reducing flicker and audio noise, as is multiplication of the
incoming decoded analog and PWM values.
- Phase shift
- Analog to PWM dimming with 8-bit resolution
• 2 selectable current levels for 3D applications
• Current matching of ±1%
• Integrated fault protection features such as string open
circuit protection, string short circuit protection, overvoltage
protection, and over-temperature protection
The ISL97687 has an advanced dynamic headroom control
function, which monitors the highest LED forward voltage
string, and regulates the output to the correct level to minimize
power loss. This proprietary regulation scheme also allows for
extremely linear PWM dimming from 0.02% to 100%. The LED
current can also be switched between two current levels, giving
support for 3D applications. The ISL97687 incorporates
extensive protections of string open and short circuit
detections, OVP, and OTP.
• 28 Ld 5mmx5mm TQFN and 28 Ld 300mil SOIC Packages
Available
Applications
• Monitor/TV LED Backlighting
• General/Industrial/Automotive Lighting
Related Literature
• See AN1674 for “ISL97687IRTZ-HEVALZ and ISL97687IRTZ-
LEVALZ Evaluation Board User Guide” for TQFN Application
• See AN1706 for “ISL97687IBZEV1Z Evaluation Board User
Guide” for SOIC Application
VIN: 9V~32V
FUSE
160mA MAX PER STRING
D1
VIN
110
SLEW
VDC
Q1
I_CH2
I_CH3
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
GD
CS
VLOGIC
EN
STV
EN_VSYNC
EN_ADIM
PWMI
RSENSE
PGND
COMP
I_CH1
I_CH4
ACTL
OVP
EN_PS
CSEL
ISET1
ISET2
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
OSC
PWM_SET/PLL
20
40
60
80
100
0
DIMMING DUTY CYCLE (%)
FIGURE 1. ISL97687 APPLICATION DIAGRAM
FIGURE 2. PWM DIMMING LINEARITY
November 13, 2013
FN7714.2
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures.
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Intersil (and design) is a trademark owned by Intersil Corporation or one of its subsidiaries.
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1
ISL97687
Block Diagram
160mA MAX PER STRING
VIN: 9V~32V
FUSE
VIN
EN
SLEW GD
CS
ANALOG BIAS
REG1
VDC
O/P SHORT
OVP
OVP
DIGITAL
REG2
OVP
VLOGIC
BIAS
FAULT/STATUS
REGISTER
FSW
OSC &
RAMP
COMP
OSC
∑ = 0
FET
DRIVERS
LOGIC
IMAX
ILIMIT
OPEN CKT, SHORT CKT
DETECTS
COMP
FAULT/STATUS
CONTROL
GM
AMP
CH1
CH4
HIGHEST VF STRING
DETECT
VSET
1
2
+
-
+
-
3
REF
GEN
ISET1
ISET2
TEMP
SENSOR
REF_OVP
REF_VSC
GND
CSEL
4
+
-
PWMI
EN_PS
SERIAL
INTERFACE
LED
DIMMING
STV
CONTROLLER
EN_VSYNC
PLL
ACTL
ANALOG
INTERFACE
OSC
EN_ADIM
PWM_SET/PLL
FIGURE 3. ISL97687 BLOCK DIAGRAM
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
2
ISL97687
Pin Configurations
ISL97687
(28 LD 5x5 TQFN)
TOP VIEW
ISL97687
(28 LD SOIC)
TOP VIEW
1
2
CH3
28
27
26
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
CH2
CH1
22
27 26 25 24 23
28
CH4
PWMI
STV
ACTL
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
3
PGND
ACTL
OSC
PGND
CSEL
PWMI
STV
OSC
4
EN_ADIM
EN_PS
ISET2
5
THERMAL*
PAD
6
ISET2
ISET1
COMP
OVP
ISET1
7
EN_ADIM
EN_PS
VLOGIC
EN_VSYNC
VDC
VLOGIC
EN_VSYNC
VDC
COMP
OVP
8
9
PWM_SET/PLL
10
11
12
13
14
PWM_SET/PLL
PGND
CS
8
14
9
10
11 12 13
VIN
*EXPOSED THERMAL PAD
SLEW
GD
EN
AGND
Pin Descriptions
TQFN
SOIC
PIN NAME PIN TYPE
PIN DESCRIPTION
1
2
3
4
5
6
5
PWMI
STV
I
I
PWM Brightness Control Input pin.
6
Start Vertical Frame signal; used in VSYNC mode.
Enable Analog Dimming
7
EN_ADIM
EN_PS
I
8
I
Enable Phase Shift
9
VLOGIC
EN_VSYNC
S
I
Internal 2.5V Digital Bias Regulator. Needs Decoupling Capacitor added to ground.
10
Frame synchronization enable. Ties high to VDC for enable VSYNC function. PWM_SET/PLL also
needs to be configured with an RC network. Pin can be tied to VDC or VLOGIC to enable function.
7
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
VDC
VIN
S
S
I
Internal 5V Analog Bias Regulator. Needs Decoupling Capacitor added to ground.
Main Power Input. Range: 9V to 32V.
8
9
EN
LED Driver Enable. Whole chip will shut down when low.
Analog Ground
10
11
12
13
14
15
AGND
GD
S
O
I
External Boost FET gate control
SLEW
CS
Boost Regulation Switching Slew Rate control.
External Boost FET current sense input.
I
PGND
S
I
Boost FET gate driver power ground and ground reference for CS pin.
PWM_SET/
PLL
For direct PWM mode, tie this pin high to VDC. For other non-VSYNC modes, connect to a resistor
to set the dimming frequency. If the VSYNC function is enabled, connect this pin to the PLL loop
filter network.
16
17
20
21
OVP
I
I
Overvoltage Protection Input as well as Output Voltage feedback pin.
Boost compensation
COMP
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
3
ISL97687
Pin Descriptions(Continued)
TQFN
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
SOIC
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
1
PIN NAME PIN TYPE
PIN DESCRIPTION
ISET1
ISET2
OSC
I
I
Resistor connection for setting LED current. 28.7kΩ = 100mA.
Resistor connection for setting LED current. 28.7kΩ = 100mA.
Boost switching frequency adjustment.
Analog dimming input (input range is 0.3V to 3V).
Power Ground return for LED current.
LED PWM Driver
I
ACTL
PGND
CH4
I
S
I
CH3
I
LED PWM Driver
25
26
27
CH2
I
LED PWM Driver
2
CH1
I
LED PWM Driver
3
PGND
CSEL
S
I
Power Ground return for LED current.
28
4
ISET Resistor Selection Pin.
CSEL = 0 : ISET 1 resistor sets LED current
CSEL = 1 : ISET 2 resistor sets LED current
Ordering Information
PART NUMBER
(Notes 1, 2, 3)
PART
MARKING
PACKAGE
(Pb-free)
PKG.
DWG. #
ISL97687IRTZ
ISL9768 7IRTZ
ISL97687IBZ
28 Ld 5x5 TQFN
28 Ld SOIC (300mil)
L28.5x5B
M28.3
ISL976787IBZ
ISL97687IRTZ-LEVALZ
ISL97687IRTZ-HEVALZ
ISL97687IBZEV1Z
NOTES:
Evaluation Board (12 LEDs populated in each channel)
Evaluation Board (22 LEDs populated in each channel)
Evaluation Board (None of LEDs on the evaluation board)
1. Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel. Please refer to TB347 for details on reel specifications.
2. These Intersil Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte
tin plate plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Intersil
Pb-free products are MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.
3. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see device information page for ISL97687. For more information on MSL, please see Technical Brief
TB363.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
4
ISL97687
Table of Contents
Absolute Maximum Ratings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Thermal Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Electrical Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Typical Performance Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Theory of Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
PWM Boost Converter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
OVP and VOUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Current Matching and Current Accuracy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dynamic Headroom Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Dimming Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
LED DC Current Setting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
PWM Dimming Frequency Adjustment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Phase Shift Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
VOUT Control when LEDs are Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Switching Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5V and 2.4V Low Dropout Regulators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Soft-Start and Boost Current Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fault Protection and Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Short Circuit Protection (SCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Open Circuit Protection (OCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Undervoltage Lock-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Component Selections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Input Capacitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Inductor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Output Capacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Channel Capacitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Schottky Diode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
High Current Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
PCB Layout Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Two Layers PCB Layout with TQFN Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
General Power PAD Design Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
One Layer PCB Layout with SOIC Package. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Equivalent Circuit Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Revision History. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
About Intersil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Package Outline Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
5
ISL97687
Absolute Maximum Ratings (TA = +25°C)
Thermal Information
VIN, EN, PWMI, ACTL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 45V
VDC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 5.75V
VLOGIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 2.75V
COMP, ISET1, ISET2, PWM_SET,
Thermal Resistance
θ
JA (°C/W)
32
θ
JC (°C/W)
28 Ld TQFN (4 layer + vias, Notes 4, 5) . . .
28 Ld SOIC (4 layer, Notes 6, 7) . . . . . . . . .
Thermal Characterization (Typical, Note 8)
4
25
54
PSIJT (°C/W)
OSC, CS, OVP. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-0.3V to min (VDC+0.3V, 5.75V)
EN_VSYNC, CSEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 5.75V
STV, EN_ADIM, EN_PS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 5.75V
CH1 - CH4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 75V
GD, SLEW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 18V
PGND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to +0.3V
Above voltage ratings are all with respect to AGND pin
28 Ld TQFN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
28 Ld SOIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maximum Continuous Junction Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .+125°C
Storage Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C
1
4
Power Dissipation
TQFN (W)
SOIC (W)
TA < +25°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TA < +70°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TA < +85°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TA < +105°C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.13
1.72
1.25
0.63
1.85
1.02
0.74
0.37
ESD Rating
Human Body Model (Tested per JESD22-A114F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2kV
Machine Model (Tested per JESD22-A115C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200V
Charged Device Model (JESD22-C101E) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1kV
Latch Up (Tested per JESD-78B; Class 2, Level A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100mA
Operating Conditions
Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +105°C
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.
NOTES:
4. θJA is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See Tech
Brief TB379.
5. For θJC, the “case temp” location is the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.
6. For θJC, the “case temp” location is taken at the package top center.
7. θJA is measured with the component mounted on a high effective thermal conductivity test board in free air. See Tech Brief TB379 for details.
8. PSIJT is the PSI junction-to-top thermal characterization parameter. If the package top temperature can be measured with this rating then the die
junction temperature can be estimated more accurately than the θJC and θJC thermal resistance ratings.
Electrical Specifications All specifications below are characterized at TA = -40°C to +105°C; VIN = 12V, EN = 5V. Boldface limits apply
over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +105°C.
MIN
MAX
PARAMETER
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
CONDITION
(Note 9)
TYP
(Note 9) UNIT
VIN
Backlight Supply Voltage
(Note 10)
EN = 0
9
32
5
V
IVIN_STBY
IVIN_ACTIVE
VIN Shutdown Current
Switching
µA
mA
RFPWM = 3.3kΩ,
LED = 100mA,
SW = 600kHz,
10
13
I
f
COUT_SW = 1nF
Non-switching
4
5.5
3.3
mA
V
VUVLO
Undervoltage Lock-out Threshold
Undervoltage Lock-out Hysteresis
2.9
VUVLO_HYS
LINEAR REGULATOR
VDC
300
mV
5V Analog Bias Regulator
VIN > 6V
4.8
2.3
5
5.1
100
2.5
V
VDC_DROP
VLOGIC
VDC LDO Load Regulation Tolerance
2.5V Logic Bias Regulator
IVDC = 30mA
VIN > 6V
71
2.4
31
mV
V
VLOGIC_DROP
VLOGIC LDO Load Regulation Tolerance
IVLOGIC = 30mA
100
mV
BOOST SWITCH CONTROLLER
tSS
Soft-Start
16
3.4
20
ms
A
ISW_LIMIT
Boost FET Current Limit (See Equation 5)
Gate Rise Time
RSENSE = 50mΩ
3.1
3.8
tR
COUT_SW = 1000pF
COUT_SW = 1000pF
COUT_SW = 1000pF
ns
ns
V
tF
Gate Falling Time
17.6
10
VGD
Gate Driver Output Voltage
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
6
ISL97687
Electrical Specifications All specifications below are characterized at TA = -40°C to +105°C; VIN = 12V, EN = 5V. Boldface limits apply
over the operating temperature range, -40°C to +105°C. (Continued)
MIN
MAX
PARAMETER
DMAX
DMIN
fSW
DESCRIPTION
Boost Maximum Duty Cycle
CONDITION
fSW = 600kHz
(Note 9)
TYP
(Note 9) UNIT
92
%
Boost Minimum Duty Cycle
fSW = 1.2MHz
ROSC = 250kΩ
ROSC = 83kΩ
ROSC = 42kΩ
26
%
kHz
kHz
MHz
%
Boost Switching Frequency (See Equation 4)
180
540
1.08
200
600
1.2
90
220
660
1.32
EFFPEAK
Boost Peak Efficiency
REFERENCE
IMATCH
Channel-to-Channel Current Matching
Absolute Current
Channels are in a single IC,
-2
-3
±1
2
3
%
%
I
LED: 100mA
IACC
RISET1/2 = 28.7kΩ
FAULT DETECTION
VSC
Channel Short Circuit Threshold
Over-Temperature Threshold
Over-Temperature Threshold Accuracy
Overvoltage Limit on OVP Pin
Overvoltage Limit on VIN Pin
7.2
8
150
5
8.8
V
°C
°C
V
VTEMP
VTEMP_ACC
VOVP_OUT
VOVP_IN
1.18
1.22
35
1.24
V
DIGITAL I/O LOGIC LEVEL SPECIFICATIONS
VIL
Logic Input Low Voltage - STV, EN_PS, EN_VSYNC,
EN_ADIM, PWMI, CSEL, EN
0.8
5.5
V
V
VIH
Logic Input High Voltage - STV, EN_PS, EN_VSYNC,
EN_ADIM, PWMI, CSEL, EN
1.5
30
STV
Frame frequency
240
Hz
CURRENT SOURCES
VHEADROOM
Dominant Channel Current Source Headroom at CH Pin ILED = 160mA
TA = +25°C
0.75
1.21
V
VISET1,2
Voltage at ISET1 and 2 Pins
1.18
160
1.24
V
ILED_MAX
Maximum LED Current per Channel
mA
PWM GENERATOR
fPWM
Generated PWM Frequency (See Equation 3)
RPWM_SET = 333kΩ
RPWM_SET = 3.3kΩ
PWM ≤ 20kHz
45
4.5
50
5
55
5.5
Hz
kHz
%
Dimming Range
fPWMI
PWM Dimming Duty Cycle Limits
PWMI Input Frequency Range
PWM_SET Voltage
f
0.1
100
20k
1.25
0.31
3.1
60
Hz
V
VPWM_SET
VACTL
RPWM_SET = 3.3kΩ
0% Dimming
1.18
0.28
2.95
1.21
0.3
3
Analog Dimming Input
V
100% Dimming
V
tPWM_MIN
NOTES:
Minimum PWM On Time in Direct PWM Mode
350
ns
9. Parameters with MIN and/or MAX limits are 100% tested at +25°C, unless otherwise specified. Temperature limits established by characterization
and are not production tested.
10. At maximum VIN of 32V, minimum VOUT is 35V. Minimum VOUT can be lower at lower VIN.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
7
ISL97687
Typical Performance Curves
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
100
V
= 24V
IN
4P14S
95
90
85
80
75
70
4P18S
V
= 19V
IN
30
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
CHANNEL CURRENT (mA)
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs VIN (ICH: 100mA, fDIM: 200Hz,
OUT: 45V FOR 4P14S AND 55V FOR 4P18S)
FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY vs ICH (VOUT: 55V FOR 4P18S, fDIM:200Hz)
V
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
1.0
f
= 200Hz
DIM
0.5
f
= 1kHz
DIM
CH2
CH3
CH1
0.0
-0.5
CH4
-1.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
20
40
60
80
100
DIMMING DUTY CYCLE (%)
DIMMING DUTY CYCLE (%)
FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs PWM DIMMING (VIN: 24V, VOUT: 55V
FOR 4P18S, ICH: 100mA)
FIGURE 7. ACCURACY vs PWM DIMMING (VIN: 24V, VOUT: 55V FOR
4P18S, ICH: 100mA)
110
100
90
10
9
8
f
= 1kHz
DIM
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
7
6
f
= 200Hz
DIM
5
f
= 1kHz
DIM
4
3
2
1
0
f
= 200Hz
DIM
0
20
40
60
80
100
0
2
4
6
8
10
DIMMING DUTY CYCLE (%)
DIMMING DUTY CYCLE (%)
FIGURE 8. PWM DIMMING LINEARITY (VIN: 24V, VOUT: 55V FOR
4P18S)
FIGURE 9. PWM DIMMING LINEARITY (VIN: 24V, VOUT: 55V FOR
4P18S)
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
8
ISL97687
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
V_PWMI
V_LX
I_INDUCTOR
V_OUT
I_CH
V_CH1
V_CH
I_CH2
FIGURE 10. START-UP (DIRECT PWM DIMMING, VIN: 19V,
CH: 120mA, LEDs: 4P18S, fDIM: 200Hz)
FIGURE 11. DIRECT PWM DIMMING (VIN: 19V, LEDs: 4P18S,
I
fDIM: 200Hz)
I_INDUCTOR
V_OUT
I_INDUCTOR
V_OUT
I_CH1
I_CH1
V_CH2
V_CH2
FIGURE 12. START-UP WITHOUT PHASE SHIFT (VIN : 19V,
FIGURE 13. START-UP WITH PHASE SHIFT (VIN : 19V, ICH: 120mA,
LEDs: 4P18S, fDIM: 200Hz)
I
CH: 120mA, LEDs: 4P18S, fDIM: 200Hz)
V_CH1
V_CH1
I_INDUCTOR
I_INDUCTOR
I_CH2
I_CH2
FIGURE 14. PWM DIMMING WITHOUT PHASE SHIFT (VIN: 19V,
FIGURE 15. PWM DIMMING WITH PHASE SHIFT (VIN: 19V,
I
CH: 120mA, LEDs: 4P18S, fDIM: 200Hz)
ICH: 120mA, LEDs: 4P18S, fDIM: 200Hz)
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
9
ISL97687
Typical Performance Curves (Continued)
I_INDUCTOR
V_STV
I_INDUCTOR
V_STV
V_CH1
V_CH1
V_CH2
V_CH2
FIGURE 16. VSYNC ENABLED DIMMING WITHOUT PHASE SHIFT
(VIN: 19V, ICH: 120mA, LEDs: 4P18S, 180Hz OUTPUT
PHASE AND FREQUENCY LOCKED TO 60Hz STV)
FIGURE 17. VSYNC ENABLED WITH PHASE SHIFT (VIN: 19V,
I
CH: 120mA, LEDs: 4P18S, 180Hz OUTPUT PHASE
AND FREQUENCY LOCKED TO 60Hz STV)
V_CH
V_PWM
I_INDUCTOR
I_CH
I_CH
FIGURE 18. PWM SWITCHING AND TRANSIENT RESPONSE OF
INDUCTOR CURRENT
FIGURE 19. MINIMUM DIMMING DUTY CYCLE (0.05%, fDIM: 500Hz,
CH = 120mA, DIRECT PWM MODE)
I
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
10
ISL97687
resistors. These parameters are optimized for current matching
Theory of Operation
PWM Boost Converter
and absolute current accuracy. However, the absolute accuracy is
additionally determined by the external RISET. A 0.1% tolerance
resistor is therefore recommended.
The current mode PWM boost converter produces the minimal
voltage needed to enable the LED string with the highest forward
voltage drop to run at the programmed current. The ISL97687
employs current mode control boost architecture that has a fast
current sense loop and a slow voltage feedback loop. The
number of LEDs that can be driven by ISL97687 depends on the
type of LED chosen in the application. The ISL97687 is capable
of boosting up to greater than 70V and driving 4 Channels of
LEDs at a maximum of 160mA per channel.
+
-
OVP and V
+
-
REF
OUT
The Overvoltage Protection (OVP) pin has a function of setting the
overvoltage trip level as well as limiting the VOUT regulation
range.
RISET
+
-
The ISL97687 OVP threshold is set by RUPPER and RLOWER as
shown in Equation 1:
PWM DIMMING
1.21(R
+ R
)
LOWER
(EQ. 1)
UPPER
R
------------------------------------------------------------------
V
=
FIGURE 20. SIMPLIFIED CURRENT SOURCE CIRCUIT
Dynamic Headroom Control
OUT_OVP
LOWER
and VOUT can only regulate between 30% and 100% of the
VOUT_OVP such that:
The ISL97687 features a proprietary dynamic headroom control
circuit that detects the highest forward voltage string, or
effectively the lowest voltage from any of the CH pins. The
system will regulate the output voltage to the correct level to
allow the channel with the lowest voltage to have just sufficient
headroom to correctly regulate the LED current. Since all LED
strings are connected to the same output voltage, the other CH
pins will have a higher voltage, but the regulated current source
circuit on each channel will ensure that each channel has the
correct current level. The output voltage regulation is dynamic,
and is updated as needed, to allow for temperature and aging
effects in the LEDs.
Allowable VOUT = 30% to 100% of VOUT_OVP
For example, a 1Mꢀ RUPPER and 19kꢀ RLOWER sets OVP to
65.9V. The boost can regulate down to 30% of OVP, so it can go
as low as 19.5V. If VOUT needs to be lower than this, the OVP level
must be reduced. Otherwise, VOUT will regulate to 19.5V, and the
ISL97687 may overheat. However, it’s recommended that the
OVP be set to no more than 20% above the nominal operating
voltage. This prevents the need for output capacitor voltage
ratings and the inductor current rating to be set significantly
higher than needed under normal conditions, allowing a smaller
and cheaper solution, as well as keeping the maximum voltages
and currents that can be seen in the system during fault
conditions at less extreme levels.
Dimming Controls
The ISL97687 provides two basic ways to control the LED current,
and therefore, the brightness. These are described in detail in
subsequent sub-sections, but can be broadly divided into the
following two types of dimming:
Parallel capacitors should be placed across the OVP resistors
such that RUPPER /RLOWER = CLOWER /CUPPER . Using a CUPPER
value of at least 30pF is recommended. These capacitors reduce
the AC impedance of the OVP node, which is important when
using high value resistors. The ratio of the OVP capacitors should
be the inverse of the OVP resistors. For example, if
RUPPER/RLOWER = 33/1, then CUPPER /C LOWER = 1/33 with
CUPPER = 100pF and CLOWER = 3.3nF. These components are not
always needed, but it is highly recommended to include
placeholders.
Step 1. LED DC current adjustment
Step 2. PWM chopping of the LED current defined in Step 1
LED DC Current Setting
The initial brightness should be set by choosing an appropriate
value for the resistor on the ISET1/2 pins. This resistor must
connect to AGND, and should be chosen to fix the maximum
possible LED current:
Current Matching and Current Accuracy
The LED current in each channel is regulated using an active
current source circuit, as shown in Figure 20. The peak LED
current is set by translating the RISET current to the output with a
scaling factor of 2919/RISET. The drain terminals of the current
source MOSFETs are designed to run at 750mV to optimize
power loss versus accuracy requirements. The sources of
channel-to-channel current matching error come from the
op amp offsets, reference voltage, and current source sense
2919
(EQ. 2)
--------------
I
=
LEDmax
R
ISET
The ISL97687 includes two built-in levels of current, individually
set by the resistors on ISET1 and ISET2, according to Equation 2,
which can be switched between by using the CSEL pin.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
11
ISL97687
CSEL = 0: The current setting is based on ISET1
CSEL = 1: The current setting is based on ISET2
Additionally, phase shift mode can be enabled in all
configurations except direct PWM, allowing the LED strings to
turn on in sequence.
This is typically used in 3D systems to provide a higher current
level in 3D modes, but is not restricted to this application. CSEL
can be switched in operation and updates immediately in direct
PWM mode, and at the start of the next PWM dimming cycle in
other modes.
LED PWM DIMMING IN DIRECT PWM MODE
When the PWM_SET/PLL pin is tied to VDC, the PWMI input
signal is used to directly control the LEDs. The dimming
frequency and phase of the LEDs will be the same as that of
PWMI. This mode can be used to get very high effective PWM
resolution, as the resolution is effectively determined by the
PWMI signal source.
LED DC DIMMING
It is possible to control the LED current by applying a DC voltage
VDIM to the ISET1/2 pin via a resistor as in Figure 21.
LED PWM DIMMING – DUTY CYCLE CONTROL
In non-direct PWM mode, the ISL97687 can decode the incoming
PWMI duty cycle information at 10-bit resolution and the ACTL
voltage level at 8-bit resolution and apply these values to the
LEDs as a PWM output at a new frequency.
V
ISET
: 1.21V
R
ISET
V
DIM
DIM
For applications where DC-PWM dimming is required, the analog
dimming mode must be enabled (EN_ADIM = high). The analog
control input pin (ACTL) must then be fed with a voltage of 0.3V
to 3.0V. This is decoded as an 8-bit duty cycle of 0% to 100%
respectively. This interface supports backward compatibility with
CCFL backlight driving systems, but can also be used in other
applications, such as analog ALS interfaces. External circuitry
can be used to shift most analog input ranges to the required
level. Figure 22 is an example that maps a 0V to 3.5V input to
give a 10-100% output range, but this can be tailored to other
requirements. The PWM dimming frequency, set by the
R
ISET
FIGURE 21. LED CURRENT CONTROL WITH VDIM
If the VDIM is above VISET 1.21V, the brightness will reduce, and
vice versa. In this configuration, it is important that the control
voltage be set to the maximum brightness (minimum voltage)
level when the ISL97687 is enabled, even if the LEDs are not lit
at this point. This is necessary to allow the chip to calibrate to the
maximum current level that will need to be supported.
Otherwise, on-chip power dissipation will be higher at current
levels above the start-up level. Dimming with this technique
should be limited to a minimum of 10~20% brightness, as LED
current accuracy is increasingly degraded at lower levels.
PWM_SET pin, should be at least 1kHz when EN_ADIM is high.
In Analog mode, the decoded 10-bit PWM duty cycle information
from the PWMI pin is also used, multiplied by the 8-bit level
decoded from the ACTL pin. For example, if ACTL = 2.3V (74%)
and PWMI = 50%, then LED dimming will be 74% x 50% = 37%.
For analog dimming applications where this multiplication is not
needed, PWMI should be tied high, giving the ACTL pin full
control over the duty cycle range. For applications where analog
dimming is not needed, EN_ADIM should be low and PWMI
should be driven with the required duty cycle.
LED PWM CONTROL
The ISL97687 provides many different PWM dimming methods.
Each of these results in PWM chopping of the current in the LEDs
of all 4 channels, to provide an average LED current and control
the brightness. During the on-periods, the LED peak current will
be defined by the value of the resistor on ISET1 or ISET2, as
described in Equation 2.
Dimming can either be “direct PWM” mode, where both the
frequency and duty cycle of the LEDs match that of the incoming
PWMI signal, or the duty cycle and frequency sources must be
selected from the following.
SUPPORTED LED DUTY CYCLE SOURCES
• Decoded PWMI pin duty cycle (PWM input mode)
• Decoded ACTL pin voltage (Analog input mode)
• Analog*PWM input mode (Both PWM and Analog inputs are
used)
SUPPORTED LED FREQUENCY SOURCES
• Free running internal oscillator (Internal PWM frequency
mode)
• Frequency can be phase and frequency locked to frame rate
(VSYNC mode)
FIGURE 22. EXAMPLE OF ACTL INPUT ADJUSTMENT
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
12
ISL97687
PWM Dimming Frequency Adjustment
Phase Shift Control
The dimming frequencies of serial interface and ACTL modes are
set by an external resistor at the PWM_SET pin, as shown in
Equation 3:
The ISL97687 is capable of delaying the phase of each current
source within the PWM cycle. Conventional LED drivers present
the worst load transients to the boost converter, by turning on all
channels simultaneously, as shown in Figure 23. The ISL97687
can be configured to phase shift each channel by 90°,
7
(1.665)×10
(EQ. 3)
--------------------------------
f
=
PWM
R
PWMSET
individually turning them on and off at different points during the
PWM dimming period, as shown in Figure 24. At duty cycles
below 100%, the load presented to the boost will peak at a lower
level and/or spend less time at the peak, when compared to that
of a conventional LED driver, as shown in Figure 23. Additionally,
load steps are limited to the LED current of one CH pin, one
quarter of that of a standard driver. This can help reduce
transients on VOUT and also reduces audio noise by limiting the
magnitude of changes in magnetic field required in the inductor
needed to track the load. Audio noise is also generally improved
for PWM frequencies in the audio band, as the effective
frequency of the boost load is multiplied by a factor of 4,
meaning that, for example, a 5kHz LED frequency offers an
effective boost load frequency of 20kHz.
where fPWM is the desirable PWM dimming frequency and
RPWMSET is the setting resistor.
V
FUNCTION
SYNC
The VSYNC function is used to provide accurate LED dimming
frequencies and make sure that the video data is properly
aligned with the frame rate. A phase locked loop (PLL) is used to
lock the frequency to a multiple of the frame rate. Additionally,
the phase of the PWM output is aligned with the frame rate to
provide very predictable video performance. In VSYNC mode, the
PWM_SET/PLL pin is used as the PLL loop compensation pin and
needs a loop filter connected between it and ground.
Frame rates between 30Hz and 300Hz are supported, and an
automatic frequency detection circuit will provide the same
output frequency at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300Hz.
ICH4
ICH3
ICH2
ICH1
Additionally, the PWM dimming frequency can be pre-selected to
any of the following values shown in Table 1 (Note that for the
60Hz range, the frequencies will be scaled by a factor of
framerate/60Hz and for the 120Hz range they will be scaled by a
factor of framerate/120Hz).
TABLE 1. PRE-SELECTED PWM DIMMING FREQUENCY AT VSYNC MODE
DIMMING FREQUENCY
ICH_TOTAL
(Hz)
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
600
660
720
780
840
900
960
1.02k
1.14k
(kHz)
1.26
1.38
1.50
1.62
1.74
1.86
1.98
2.10
2.34
2.58
2.88
3.36
3.78
4.20
4.74
5.22
(kHz)
5.70
(kHz)
13.38
13.86
14.34
14.82
15.30
15.78
16.26
16.74
17.22
17.70
18.18
18.66
19.14
19.62
20.10
20.58
TIME
6.18
FIGURE 23. NON PHASE SHIFT PWM DIMMING AT 50% DUTY CYCLE
6.66
7.14
7.62
ICH4
ICH3
ICH2
ICH1
8.10
8.58
9.06
9.54
10.02
10.50
10.98
11.46
11.94
12.42
12.90
ICH_TOTAL
TIME
FIGURE 24. PHASE SHIFT PWM DIMMING AT 50% DUTY CYCLE
V
Control when LEDs are Off
OUT
When the backlight is enabled but all LEDs are off (i.e., during
the PWM off times), the switching regulator of a typical LED
drivers will stop switching, which can allow the output to begin to
discharge.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
13
ISL97687
This is not a problem when the LED off times are short and the
Soft-Start and Boost Current Limit
duty cycle is running at a high duty cycle, or the output
capacitance is large. However, it presents two problems. First, for
low duty cycles at low frequencies, VOUT can droop between
on-times, resulting in under-regulation of the current when the
LEDs are next switched on. Second, at high PWM frequencies or
very low duty cycles, LED on-times can be shorter than the
minimum number of boost cycles needed to ramp up the
inductor current to the required level to support the load. For
example, a 1% on-time while running at 20kHz PWM dimming
frequency is only 500ns. If the boost switching frequency is set at
500kHz, this only represents a quarter of a switching cycle per
LED on-time, which may not be sufficient to ramp the inductor
current to the required level.
The boost current limit should be set by using a resistor from CS
to PGND. The typical current limit can be calculated as:
0.17
(EQ. 5)
-----------
I
=
LIMIT
R
CS
The CS resistor should be chosen based on the maximum load
that needs to be driven. Typically, a limit of 30~40% more than is
required under DC conditions is sufficient to allow for necessary
overshoots during load transients. Values of 20~100mꢀare
supported.
It is important that PGND pin 14 (QFN)/18 (SOIC) is connected
directly to the base of the sense resistor, with no other
connection to the ground system, except via this path. This is
because this pin is used as a ground reference for the CS pin.
Connecting it here gives the maximum noise immunity and the
best stability characteristics.
The ISL97687 incorporates an additional PFM switching
mechanism that allows the boost stage to continue to switch at
low current levels in order to replace the energy lost from the
output capacitor due to the OVP stack resistance and capacitor
self discharge. For very short pulses, this also means that the
charge delivered to the LEDs in the on-times is provided entirely
by the output capacitor, kept at the correct voltage by the PFM
mode in the off-times. This allows the output to always remain
very close to the required level, so that when the LEDs are
re-enabled, the boost output is already at the correct level. This
dramatically improves LED PWM performance, providing industry
leading linearity down to sub 1% levels, and reduces the
overshoot in the boost inductor current, caused by transient
switching when the LEDs are switched on, to a minimum level.
The ISL97687 uses a digital current limit based soft start. The
initial limit level is set to one ninth of the full current limit, with
eight subsequent steps increasing this by a ninth of the final
value every 2ms until it reaches the full limit. In the event that no
LEDs have been conducting during the interval since the last step
(for example if the LEDs are running at low duty cycle at low
PWM frequency), the step will be delayed until the LEDs are
conducting again.
If the LEDs are off for more than 120ms, making the converter
go into sleep mode, soft-start will be restarted when the LEDs are
re-enabled.
The system will continue to maintain VOUT at the target level for
120ms after the last time the LEDs were on. If all LEDs are off for
a longer period than this, the converter will stop switching and go
into a sleep mode, allowing VOUT to decay, in order to save power
during long backlight-off periods.
Fault Protection and Monitoring
The ISL97687 features extensive protection functions to cover all
perceivable failure conditions. The failure mode of an LED can be
either open or short circuit. The behavior of an open circuit LED
can additionally take the form of either infinite or very high
resistance or, for some LEDs, a zener diode, which is integrated
into the device, in parallel with the now opened LED.
Switching Frequency
The boost switching frequency can be adjusted by the resistor on
the OSC pin, which must be connected to AGND, and follows
Equation 4:
For basic LEDs (which do not have built-in zener diodes), an open
circuit LED failure will only result in the loss of one channel of
LEDs, without affecting other channels. Similarly, a short circuit
condition on a channel that results in that channel being turned
off does not affect other channels, unless a similar fault is
occurring.
10
-----------------------
(EQ. 4)
(5×10
R
)
f
=
SW
OSC
where fSW is the desirable boost switching frequency and ROSC is
the setting resistor.
5V and 2.4V Low Dropout Regulators
Due to the lag in boost response to any load change at its output,
certain transient events (such as significant step changes in LED
duty cycle, or a change in LED current caused by CSEL switching)
can transiently look like LED fault modes. The ISL97687 uses
feedback from the LEDs to determine when it is in a stable
operating region and prevents apparent faults during these
transient events from allowing any of the LED strings to fault out.
See Figure 26 and Table 2 for more details.
A 5V LDO regulator is used to provide the low voltage supply
needed to drive internal circuits. The output of this LDO is the VDC
pin. A decoupling capacitor of 1µF or more is required between
this pin and AGND for correct operation. Similarly, a 2.4V LDO
regulator is present at the VLOGIC pin, and also requires a 1µF
decoupling capacitor. Both pins can be used as a coarse voltage
reference, or as a supply for other circuits, but can only support a
load of up to ~10mA and should not be used to power noisy
circuits that can feed significant noise onto their supply.
Short Circuit Protection (SCP)
The short circuit detection circuit monitors the voltage on each
channel and disables faulty channels which are detected to be
more than the short circuit threshold, 8V above the lowest CH
pin, following a timeout period.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
14
ISL97687
VIN OVP
Open Circuit Protection (OCP)
If VIN exceeds 35V, the part will be shut down until power or EN is
cycled. At this point, all digital settings will be reset to their
default states.
When any of the LEDs become open circuit during the operation,
that channel will be disabled after a timeout period, and the part
will continue to drive the other channels. The ISL97687 monitors
the current in each channel such that any string which reaches
the intended output current is considered “good”. Should the
current subsequently fall below the target, the channel will be
considered an “open circuit”. Furthermore, should the boost
output of the ISL97687 reach the OVP limit, all channels which
are not “good” will be timed out.
Shutdown
When the EN pin is low the entire chip is shut down to give close
to zero shutdown current. The digital interfaces will not be active
during this time. The EN can be high before VIN.
COMPENSATION
Unused CH pins should be grounded, which will disable them
from start-up. This will prevent VOUT having to ramp to OVP at
start-up, in order to determine that they are open.
The ISL97687 boost regulator uses a current mode control
architecture, with an external compensation network connected
to the COMP pin. The component values shown in Figure 25
should be used. The network comprises a 47pF capacitor from
COMP to AGND, in parallel with a series RC of 25kꢀand 2.2nF,
also from COMP to AGND.
Undervoltage Lock-out
If the input voltage falls below the UVLO level of 2.8V, the device
will stop switching and reset. Operation will restart, with all
digital settings returning to their default states, once the input
voltage is back in the normal operating range.
Over-Temperature Protection (OTP)
The OTP threshold is set to +150°C. When this is reached, the
boost will stop switching and the output current sources will be
switched off and stay off until power or EN is cycled. For the
extensive fault protection conditions, please refer to Figure 26
and Table 2.
COMP
2.2nF
47pF
25k
FIGURE 25. COMPENSATION NETWORK
V
OUT
LX
FAULT
O/P
SHORT
OVP
FET
DRIVER
LOGIC
IMAX
ILIMIT
VSC
CH1
VSET/2
CH4
REG
THRM
SHDN
REF
T2
TEMP
SENSOR
OTP
T1
VSET
+
-
VSET
+
Q4
Q1
-
PWM1/OC1/SC1
PWM4/OC4/SC4
PWM
CONTROL
FIGURE 26. SIMPLIFIED FAULT PROTECTIONS
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
15
ISL97687
TABLE 2. PROTECTIONS TABLE
VOUT
CASE
1
FAILURE MODE
DETECTION MODE
FAILED CHANNEL ACTION
CH1 ON and burns power
GOOD CHANNELS ACTION
CH2 through CH4 Normal
REGULATED BY
CH1 Short Circuit
Over-Temperature
Protection limit (OTP) not
triggered and VCH1 < VSC
Highest VF of CH2
through CH4
2
CH1 Short Circuit
OTP not triggered but
VCH1 > VSC
CH1 disabled after 6 PWM cycles
time-out.
If 3 channels are already shut
down, all channels will be shut
Highest VF of CH2
through CH4
(Note: Time-out can be longer than 6 down. Otherwise CH2-4 will
PWM cycles in direct PWM mode) remain as normal
3
4
5
CH1 Open Circuit with OTP not triggered and
infinite resistance VCH1 < VSC
V
OUT will ramp to OVP. CH1 will time-out CH2 through CH4 Normal
Highest VF of CH2
through CH4
after 6 PWM cycles and switch off. VOUT
will drop to normal level.
CH1 Open Circuit with OTP triggered and
All IC shut down
VOUT disabled
infinite resistance
during operation
VCH1 < VSC
CH1 LED Open Circuit OTP not triggered and
CH1 remains ON and has highest VF, CH2 through CH4 ON, Q2 through VF of CH1
but has paralleled
Zener
VCH1 < VSC
thus VOUT increases
Q4 burn power. CH2-4 will fault
out if they reach VSC as a result of
VOUT increase due to increase VF
in CH1
6
CH1 LED Open Circuit OTP not triggered but
CH1 remains ON and has highest VF, VOUT increases then CH-X
VF of CH1
but has paralleled
Zener
VCHx > VSC
thus VOUT increases.
switches OFF. This is an unwanted
shut off and can be prevented by
setting OVP at an appropriate
level.
7
8
Channel-to-Channel OTP triggered but
All channels switched off
VOUT disabled
ΔVF too high
VCHx < VSC
Output LED string
voltage too high
V
OUT reaches OVP and not Driven with normal current. Any channel that is below the target current VOUT disabled
sufficient to regulate LED will time-out after 6 PWM cycles.
current (Note: Time-out can be longer than 6 PWM cycles in case direct PWM
mode)
9
V
GND
OUT/SW shorted to
SW will not switch if started up in this condition. VOUT shorted to ground
during operation will also cause the converter to shut down
Input Capacitor
Switching regulators require input capacitors to deliver peak
charging current and to reduce the impedance of the input
supply. This reduces interaction between the regulator and input
supply, thereby improving system stability. The high switching
frequency of the loop causes almost all ripple current to flow in
the input capacitor, which must be rated accordingly.
Component Selections
According to the inductor Voltage-Second Balance principle, the
change of inductor current during the power MOSFET switching
on-time is equal to the change of inductor current during the
power MOSFET switching off-time under steady state operation.
The voltage across an inductor is shown in Equation 6:
(EQ. 6)
V
= L × ΔI ⁄ Δt
L
L
A capacitor with low internal series resistance should be chosen
to minimize heating effects and improve system efficiency, such
as X5R or X7R ceramic capacitors, which offer small size and a
lower value of temperature and voltage coefficient compared to
other ceramic capacitors.
and ΔIL @ tON = ΔIL @ tOFF, therefore:
(EQ. 7)
(V – 0) ⁄ L × D × t = (V – V – V ) ⁄ L × (1 – D) × t
Sw
I
Sw
O
D
I
where D is the switching duty cycle defined by the turn-on time
over the switching period. VD is a Schottky diode forward voltage,
which can be neglected for approximation. tsw is the switching
period where tsw = 1/fsw, and the fsw is the switching frequency
of the boost converter.
During the normal continuous conduction mode of the boost
converter, its input current flows continuously into the inductor;
AC ripple component is only proportional to the rate of the
inductor charging, thus, smaller value input capacitors may be
used. It is recommended that an input capacitor of at least 10µF
be used. Ensure the voltage rating of the input capacitor is
suitable to handle the full supply range.
Rearranging the terms without accounting for VD gives the boost
ratio and duty cycle respectively as Equations 8 and 9:
(EQ. 8)
V
⁄ V = 1 ⁄ (1 – D)
I
O
(EQ. 9)
D = (V – V ) ⁄ V
O
O
I
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
16
ISL97687
can be reduced to 10%~20% of its rated capacitance at the
maximum voltage. Because of this, Y5V type ceramic capacitors
should be avoided.
Inductor
The selection of the inductor should be based on its maximum
current (ISAT) characteristics, power dissipation, EMI
susceptibility (shielded vs unshielded), and size. Inductor type
and value influence many key parameters, including the inductor
ripple current, current limit, efficiency, transient performance
and stability.
A larger output capacitor will also ease the driver response
during PWM dimming off period due to the longer sample and
hold effect of the output drooping. The driver does not need to
boost as much on the next on period, which minimizes transient
current. The output capacitor also plays an important role for
system compensation.
The inductor’s maximum current capability must be large enough
to handle the peak current at the worst case condition. If an
inductor core is chosen with a lower current rating, saturation in
the core will cause the effective inductor value to fall, leading to
an increase in peak to average current level, poor efficiency and
overheating in the core. The series resistance, DCR, within the
inductor causes conduction loss and heat dissipation. A shielded
inductor is usually more suitable for EMI susceptible
Channel Capacitor
It is recommended to use at least 1nF capacitors from CH pins to
VOUT. Larger capacitors will reduce LED current ripple at boost
frequency, but will degrade transient performance at high PWM
frequencies. The best value is dependant on PCB layout. Up to
4.7nF is sufficient for most configurations.
applications, such as LED backlighting.
The peak current can be derived from the voltage across the
inductor during the off period, as expressed in Equation 10:
Schottky Diode
A high speed rectifier diode is necessary to prevent excessive
voltage overshoot, especially in the boost configuration. Low
forward voltage and reverse leakage current will minimize
losses, making Schottky diodes the preferred choice. Although
the Schottky diode turns on only during the boost switch off
period, it carries the same peak current as the inductor,
therefore, a suitable current rated Schottky diode must be used.
IL
= (V × I ) ⁄ (85% × V ) + 1 ⁄ 2[V × (V – V ) ⁄ (L × V × f
) ]
SW
peak
O
O
I
I
O
I
O
(EQ. 10)
The choice of 85% is just an average term for the efficiency
approximation. The first term is the average current, which is
inversely proportional to the input voltage. The second term is
the inductor current change, which is inversely proportional to L
and fSW. As a result, for a given switching frequency, minimum
input voltage must be used to calculate the input/inductor
current as shown in Equation 10. For a given inductor size, the
larger the inductance value, the higher the series resistance
because of the extra number of turns required, thus, higher
conductive losses. The ISL97687 current limit should be less
than the inductor saturation current.
High Current Applications
Each channel of the ISL97687 can support up to 160mA. For
applications that need higher current, multiple channels can be
grouped to achieve the desirable current. For example, in
Figure 27, the cathodes of the last LEDs can be connected to
CH1/CH2 and CH3/CH4, this configuration can be treated as a
single string with up to 350mA current driving capability.
Output Capacitors
BOOST OUTPUT
The output capacitor acts to smooth the output voltage and
supplies load current directly during the conduction phase of the
power switch. Output ripple voltage consists of the discharge of
the output capacitor during the FET turn-on period and the
voltage drop due to load current flowing through the ESR of the
output capacitor. The ripple voltage is shown in Equation 11:
ΔV
= (I ⁄ C × D ⁄ f ) + (I × ESR)
(EQ. 11)
CO
O
O
Sw
O
where IO represents the output current, CO is the output
capacitance, D is the duty ratio as described in Equation 9. ESR
is the equivalent series resistance of the output capacitance and
fsw is the switching frequency of the converter. Equation 11
shows the importance of using a low ESR output capacitor for
minimizing output ripple.
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4
As shown in Equation 11, the output ripple voltage, ΔVCo, can be
reduced by increasing the output capacitance, CO or the
switching frequency, fSW, or using output capacitors with small
ESR. In general, ceramic capacitors are the best choice for
output capacitors in small to medium sized LCD backlight
applications due to their cost, form factor, and low ESR.
FIGURE 27. GROUPING MULTIPLE CHANNELS FOR HIGH CURRENT
APPLICATIONS
The choice of X7R over Y5V ceramic capacitors is highly
recommended because the X7R type capacitor is less sensitive
to capacitance change overvoltage. Y5V’s absolute capacitance
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
17
ISL97687
OVP connection then needs to be as short as possible to the
PCB Layout Considerations
Two Layers PCB Layout with TQFN Package
pin. The AGND connection of the lower OVP components is
critical for good regulation. At 70V output, a 100mV change
at VOUT translates to a 1.7mV change at OVP, so a small
ground error due to high current flow, if referenced to PGND,
can be disastrous.
Great care is needed in designing a PC board for stable ISL97687
operation. As shown in the typical application diagram (Figure 1,
page 1), the separation of PGND and AGND of each ISL97687 is
essential, keeping the AGND referenced only local to the chip.
This minimizes switching noise injection to the feedback sensing
and analog areas, as well as eliminating DC errors form high
current flow in resistive PC board traces. PGND and AGND should
be on the top and bottom layers respectively in the two layer PCB.
A star ground connection should be formed by connecting the
LED ground return and AGND pins to the thermal pad with 9-12
vias. The ground connection should be into this ground net, on
the top plane. The bottom plane then forms a quiet analog
ground area, that both shields components on the top plane, as
well as providing easy access to all sensitive components. For
example, the ground side of the ISET1/2 resistors can be
dropped to the bottom plane, providing a very low impedance
path back to the AGND pin, which does not have any circulating
high currents to interfere with it. The bottom plane can also be
used as a thermal ground, so the AGND area should be sized
sufficiently large to dissipate the required power. For multi-layer
boards, the AGND plane can be the second layer. This provides
easy access to the AGND net, but allows a larger thermal ground
and main ground supply to come up through the thermal vias
from a lower plane.
5. The bypass capacitors connected to VDC and VLOGIC need to
be as close to the pin as possible, and again should be
referenced to AGND. This is also true for the COMP network and
the rest of the analog components (on ISEDT1/2, FPWM, etc.).
6. The heat of the chip is mainly dissipated through the exposed
thermal pad so maximizing the copper area around it is a
good idea. A solid ground is always helpful for the thermal
and EMI performance.
7. The inductor and input and output capacitors should be
mounted as tight as possible, to reduce the audible noise and
inductive ringing.
General Power PAD Design Considerations
Figure 28 shows an example of how to use vias to remove heat
from the IC. We recommend you fill the thermal pad area with
vias. A typical via array would be to fill the thermal pad foot print
with vias spaced such that the centre to centre spacing is three
times the radius of the via. Keep the vias small, but not so small
that their inside diameter prevents solder wicking through the
holes during reflow.
This type of layout is particularly important for this type of
product, as the ISL97687 has a high power boost, resulting in
high current flow in the main loop’s traces. Careful attention
should be focussed on the below layout details:
1. Boost input capacitors, output capacitors, inductor and
Schottky diode should be placed together in a nice tight
layout. Keeping the grounds of the input, output, ISL97687
and the current sense resistor connected with a low
impedance and wide metal is very important to keep these
nodes closely coupled.
FIGURE 28. ISL97687 TQFN PCB VIA PATTERN
2. Figure 29 shows important traces of current sensor (RS) and
OVP resistors (RU, RL). The current sensor track line should be
short, so that it remains as close as possible to the Current
Sense (CS) pin. Additionally, the CS pin is referenced from the
adjacent PGND pin. It is extremely important that this PGND
pin is placed with a good reference to the bottom of the sense
resistor. In Figure 29 you can see that this ground pin is not
connected to the thermal pad, but instead used to effectively
sense the voltage at the bottom of the current sense resistor.
However, this pin also takes the gate driver current, so it must
still have a wide connection and a good connection back from
the sense resistor to the star ground. Also, the RC filter on CS
should be placed referenced to this PGND pin and be close to
the chip.
One Layer PCB Layout with SOIC Package
The general rules of two layer PCB layout can be applied to the
one layer PCB layout of the SOIC package, although this layout is
much more challenging and very easy to get wrong. The noisy
PGND of the switching FET area and quiet AGND must be placed
on the same plane as shown in Figure 30, therefore, great care
must be taken to maintain stable and clean operation, due to
increased risk of noise injection to the quiet area.
1. The GND plane should be extended as far as possible as space
allows to spread out heat dissipation.
2. All ground pads for input caps, current sensor, output caps
should be close to the PGND pin adjacent to the CS pin of
ISL97687 with wide metal connection shown in the Figure 30.
This guarantees a low differential voltage between these
critical points.
3. If possible, try to maintain central ground node on the board
and use the input capacitors to avoid excessive input ripple for
high output current supplies. The filtering capacitors should
be placed close by the VIN pin.
3. The connection point between AGND pin 14 and PGND pin 18
should be “ Narrow” neck, effectively making a star ground at
the AGND pin.
4. For optimum load regulation and true VOUT sensing, the OVP
resistors should be connected independently to the top of the
output capacitors and away from the higher dv/dt traces. The
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
18
ISL97687
4. The relatively quiet AGND area, to the right of the neck needs
6. The filtering cap of the current sensing line should be placed
close to the CS pin rather than in the area of current sense
resistor, as it needs to couple this pin to the adjacent PGND pin.
to be traced out carefully in unbroken metal, via the shortest
possible path to the ground side of the components
connected to OVP, COMP, ISET, PWM_SET/PLL, and ACTL. This
is also true for the filtering caps on PWMI and STV. These are
needed to reject noise and cause decoding errors in some
conditions.
7. The noisy switching FET should be kept far away from the
quiet pin area.
8. The area on the switching node should be determined by the
dissipation requirements of the boost power FET.
5. The current sensing line is shielded by a metal trace, coming
from its source, to prevent pickup from the GD pin beside it.
PIN 1
PVIN
PGND
INDUCTOR
DIODE
PGND
VOUT
FIGURE 29. EXAMPLE OF TWO LAYER PCB LAYOUT
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
19
ISL97687
PGND
PVIN
Narrow connection point
of PGND and AGND
PVOUT
All close to each other with
wide metal connection
Quiet AGND trace
FIGURE 30. EXAMPLE OF ONE LAYER PCB LAYOUT
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
20
ISL97687
Equivalent Circuit Diagrams
VIN
+
+
-
VLOGIC
VDC
VDC
-
200Ω
1000Ω
2000Ω
1Ω
OSC
ISET1
ISET2
PWM_SET/PLL
GD
20V
40kΩ
VDC
VDC
600Ω
1Ω
ACTL
PWMI
VDC
50V
200Ω
+
-
COMP
VDC
200Ω
OVP
600Ω
50V
2MΩ
5200Ω
EN_VSYNC
EN_ADIM
STV
CSEL
5200Ω
6V
VLOGIC
VDC
EN_PS
6V
2MΩ
50kΩ
200Ω
EN
CS
50V
5V
2MΩ
5µA
LX
VLOGIC
VDC
VDC
220kΩ
3V
CH1~CH4
VDC
+
80V
600Ω
-
SLEW
VIN
20V
80kΩ
6V
50V
20µA
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
21
ISL97687
Revision History
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make
sure you have the latest revision.
DATE
REVISION
FN7714.2
CHANGE
November 13, 2013
Changed Eval Board name in ordering information on page 4 from “ISL97687IBZ-EVAL1Z” TO
“ISL97687IBZEV1Z”
September 21, 2012
August 31, 2012
FN7714.1
Corrected PGND symbol in Figures 1 and 3.
Corrected conditions for “VIH” in the “Electrical Specifications” table on page 7 from "Logic input low.." to
"Logic input high.."
Corrected label typo in Figure 20 from "RSET" to "RISET".
Corrected "PWMI" and "CSEL" labels in the “Equivalent Circuit Diagrams” on page 21.
Added Note 7 and corrected Note reference in “Thermal Information” on page 6 for SOIC from Note 4 to
Note 7.
Corrected I_CHI1 to V_CH1 in Figures 16 and 17 on page 10.
Corrected FPWM pin to PWM_SET/PLL pin in first paragraph of “Vsync Function” on page 13
Added "The PWM dimming frequency, set by the PWM_SET pin, should be at least 1kHz when EN_ADIM is
high." to second paragraph of “LED PWM Dimming – Duty Cycle Control” on page 12.
September 15, 2011
FN7714.0
Initial Release
About Intersil
Intersil Corporation is a leader in the design and manufacture of high-performance analog, mixed-signal and power management
semiconductors. The company's products address some of the largest markets within the industrial and infrastructure, personal
computing and high-end consumer markets. For more information about Intersil, visit our website at www.intersil.com.
For the most updated datasheet, application notes, related documentation and related parts, please see the respective product
information page found at www.intersil.com. You may report errors or suggestions for improving this datasheet by visiting
www.intersil.com/en/support/ask-an-expert.html. Reliability reports are also available from our website at
http://www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html#reliability
For additional products, see www.intersil.com/en/products.html
Intersil products are manufactured, assembled and tested utilizing ISO9001 quality systems as noted
in the quality certifications found at www.intersil.com/en/support/qualandreliability.html
Intersil products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design, software and/or specifications at any time
without notice. Accordingly, the reader is cautioned to verify that data sheets are current before placing orders. Information furnished by Intersil is believed to be
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For information regarding Intersil Corporation and its products, see www.intersil.com
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
22
ISL97687
Package Outline Drawing
L28.5x5B
28 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE
Rev 1, 10/07
4X
3.0
5.00
0.50
24X
A
6
B
PIN #1 INDEX AREA
28
22
6
PIN 1
INDEX AREA
1
21
3 .25 ± 0 . 10
15
7
(4X)
0.15
8
14
0.10 M C A B
4
28X 0.25 ± 0.05
TOP VIEW
28X 0.55 ± 0.05
BOTTOM VIEW
SEE DETAIL "X"
C
0.10
0 . 75 ± 0.05
C
BASE PLANE
SEATING PLANE
0.08
C
( 4. 65 TYP )
(
( 24X 0 . 50)
SIDE VIEW
3. 25)
(28X 0 . 25 )
( 28X 0 . 75)
5
C
0 . 2 REF
0 . 00 MIN.
0 . 05 MAX.
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
DETAIL "X"
NOTES:
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.
3.
Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05
4. Dimension b applies to the metallized terminal and is measured
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.
5.
6.
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be
either a mold or mark feature.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
23
ISL97687
Small Outline Plastic Packages (SOIC)
M28.3 (JEDEC MS-013-AE ISSUE C)
28 LEAD WIDE BODY SMALL OUTLINE PLASTIC PACKAGE
N
INDEX
0.25(0.010)
M
B M
H
AREA
INCHES MILLIMETERS
E
SYMBOL
MIN
MAX
MIN
2.35
0.10
0.33
0.23
MAX
2.65
0.30
0.51
0.32
18.10
7.60
NOTES
-B-
A
A1
B
C
D
E
e
0.0926
0.0040
0.013
0.1043
0.0118
0.0200
0.0125
-
-
1
2
3
L
9
SEATING PLANE
A
0.0091
0.6969
0.2914
-
0.7125 17.70
3
-A-
o
h x 45
D
0.2992
7.40
4
0.05 BSC
1.27 BSC
-
-C-
α
H
h
0.394
0.01
0.419
0.029
0.050
10.00
0.25
0.40
10.65
0.75
1.27
-
e
A1
C
5
B
0.10(0.004)
L
0.016
6
0.25(0.010) M
C
A M B S
N
a
28
28
7
0o
8o
0o
8o
-
NOTES:
Rev. 0 12/93
1. Symbols are defined in the “MO Series Symbol List” in Section 2.2
of Publication Number 95.
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982.
3. Dimension “D” does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate
burrs. Mold flash, protrusion and gate burrs shall not exceed
0.15mm (0.006 inch) per side.
4. Dimension “E” does not include interlead flash or protrusions. In-
terlead flash and protrusions shall not exceed 0.25mm (0.010
inch) per side.
5. The chamfer on the body is optional. If it is not present, a visual
index feature must be located within the crosshatched area.
6. “L” is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate.
7. “N” is the number of terminal positions.
8. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only.
9. The lead width “B”, as measured 0.36mm (0.014 inch) or greater
above the seating plane, shall not exceed a maximum value of
0.61mm (0.024 inch)
10. Controlling dimension: MILLIMETER. Converted inch dimen-
sions are not necessarily exact.
FN7714.2
November 13, 2013
24
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