ISL78233 [RENESAS]

3A and 4A Compact Synchronous Buck Regulators;
ISL78233
型号: ISL78233
厂家: RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP    RENESAS TECHNOLOGY CORP
描述:

3A and 4A Compact Synchronous Buck Regulators

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DATASHEET  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
3A and 4A Compact Synchronous Buck Regulators  
FN8359  
Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 are highly efficient, monolithic,  
synchronous step-down DC/DC converters that can deliver 3A  
(ISL78233), or 4A (ISL78234) of continuous output current from  
a 2.7V to 5.5V input supply. The devices use current mode control  
architecture to deliver a very low duty cycle operation at high  
frequency with fast transient response and excellent loop stability.  
Features  
• 2.7V to 5.5V input voltage range  
• Very low ON-resistance FETs - P-channel 35mΩ and  
N-channel 11mΩ typical values  
• High efficiency synchronous buck regulator with up to 95%  
efficiency  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 integrate a very low ON-resistance  
P-channel (35mΩ) high-side FET and N-channel (11mΩ)  
low-side FET to maximize efficiency and minimize external  
component count. The 100% duty-cycle operation allows less  
than 200mV dropout voltage at 4A output current. The  
operation frequency of the Pulse-Width Modulator (PWM) is  
adjustable from 500kHz to 4MHz. The default switching  
frequency of 2MHz is set by connecting the FS pin high.  
• -1.2%/1% reference accuracy over temperature/load/line  
• Complete BOM with as few as 3 external parts  
• Internal soft-start - 1ms or adjustable  
• Soft-stop output discharge during disable  
• Adjustable frequency from 500kHz to 4MHz - default at  
2MHz  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 can be configured for discontinuous  
or forced continuous operation at light load. Forced continuous  
operation reduces noise and RF interference, while  
discontinuous mode provides higher efficiency by reducing  
switching losses at light loads.  
• External synchronization up to 4MHz  
• Over-temperature, overcurrent, overvoltage, and negative  
overcurrent protection  
• Shared common device pinout allows simplified output  
power upgrades over time  
Fault protection is provided by internal Hiccup mode current  
limiting during short-circuit and overcurrent conditions. Other  
protection, such as overvoltage and over-temperature are also  
integrated into the device. A power-good output voltage  
monitor indicates when the output is in regulation.  
• Tiny 3mmx3mm TQFN package  
AEC-Q100 qualified  
Applications  
• DC/DC POL modules  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 offers a 1ms Power-Good (PG) timer  
at power-up. When in shutdown, the ISL78233, ISL78234  
discharges the output capacitor through an internal soft-stop  
switch. Other features include internal fixed or adjustable  
soft-start and internal/external compensation.  
μC/µP, FPGA, and DSP power  
• Video processor/SOC power  
• Li-ion battery powered devices  
• Automotive infotainment power  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 is available in a 3mmx3mm 16 Ld  
Thin Quad Flat (TQFN) Pb-free package and in a 5mmx5mm  
16 Ld Wettable Flank Quad Flat No-Lead (WFQFN) package  
with an exposed pad for improved thermal performance. The  
ISL78233, ISL78234 are rated to operate across the  
temperature range of -40°C to +125°C.  
Related Literature  
For a full list of related documents, visit our website  
- ISL78233, ISL78234 product page  
100  
90  
3.3V  
OUT  
1.5V  
80  
OUT  
1.2V  
OUT  
1.8V  
OUT  
70  
60  
50  
40  
2.5V  
OUT  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 1. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (2MHz 5V PFM, T = +25°C)  
IN  
A
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 1 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Pin Configuration  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
(16 LD TQFN)  
TOP VIEW  
16  
15  
14  
13  
VIN  
PGND  
PGND  
1
2
3
4
12  
11  
10  
9
VDD  
PG  
SGND  
FB  
SYNC  
8
7
6
5
Pin Descriptions  
PIN NUMBER  
SYMBOL  
DESCRIPTION  
1, 16  
VIN  
Input supply voltage. Place a minimum of two 22µF ceramic capacitors from VIN to PGND as close as  
possible to the IC for decoupling.  
2
3
VDD  
PG  
Input supply voltage for logic. Connect to VIN pin.  
Power-good is an open-drain output. Use a 10kΩ to 100kΩ pull-up resistor connected between VIN and  
PG. At power-up or EN HI, PG rising edge is delayed by 1ms upon output reached within regulation.  
4
SYNC  
Mode Selection pin. Connect to logic high or input voltage VIN for PWM mode. Connect to logic low or  
ground for PFM mode. Connect to an external function generator for synchronization with the positive  
edge trigger. There is an internal 1MΩ pull-down resistor to prevent an undefined logic state in case  
of SYNC pin float.  
5
6
EN  
FS  
Regulator enable pin. Enable the output when driven to high. Shutdown the chip and discharge output  
capacitor when driven to low.  
This pin sets the oscillator switching frequency, using a resistor, RFS, from the FS pin to GND. The  
frequency of operation may be programmed between 500kHz to 4MHz. The default frequency is 2MHz  
if FS is connected to VIN.  
7
SS  
SS is used to adjust the soft-start time. Set to SGND for internal 1ms rise time. Connect a capacitor from  
SS to SGND to adjust the soft-start time. Do not use more than 33nF per IC.  
8, 9  
COMP, FB  
The feedback network of the regulator, FB, is the negative input to the transconductance error  
amplifier. COMP is the output of the amplifier if COMP not tied to VDD. Otherwise, COMP is  
disconnected through a MOSFET for internal compensation. Must connect COMP to VDD in internal  
compensation mode. The output voltage is set by an external resistor divider connected to FB. With a  
properly selected divider, the output voltage can be set to any voltage between the power rail (reduced  
by converter losses) and the 0.6V reference. There is an internal compensation to meet a typical  
application. Additional external networks across COMP and SGND might be required to improve the  
loop compensation of the amplifier operation.  
In addition, the regulator power-good and undervoltage protection circuitry use FB to monitor the  
regulator output voltage.  
10  
SGND  
PGND  
PHASE  
Signal ground  
Power ground  
11, 12  
13, 14, 15  
Switching node connections. Connect to one terminal of the inductor. This pin is discharged by a 100Ω  
resistor when the device is disabled. See “Functional Block Diagram” on page 5 for more detail.  
Exposed Pad  
-
The exposed pad must be connected to the SGND pin for proper electrical performance. Place as  
many vias as possible under the pad connecting to SGND plane for optimal thermal performance.  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 2 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Ordering Information  
PART NUMBER  
PART  
OUTPUT VOLTAGE TEMP. RANGE TAPE AND REEL  
PACKAGE  
PKG.  
(Note 4)  
MARKING  
(V)  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
Adjustable  
(°C)  
(UNITS)  
(RoHS Compliant)  
DWG. #  
ISL78233ARZ (Note 2)  
8233  
8233  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-40 to +125  
-
16 Ld 3x3 TQFN  
L16.3x3D  
L16.3x3D  
L16.3x3D  
L16.5x5D  
L16.5x5D  
L16.5x5D  
L16.3x3D  
L16.3x3D  
L16.3x3D  
L16.5x5D  
L16.5x5D  
L16.5x5D  
ISL78233ARZ-T (Notes 1, 2)  
6k  
250  
-
16 Ld 3x3 TQFN  
ISL78233ARZ-T7A (Notes 1, 2) 8233  
16 Ld 3x3 TQFN  
ISL78233AARZ (Note 3)  
78233A ARZ  
78233A ARZ  
16 Ld 5x5mm WFQFN  
16 Ld 5x5mm WFQFN  
16 Ld 5x5mm WFQFN  
16 Ld 3x3 TQFN  
ISL78233AARZ-T (Notes 1, 3)  
6k  
250  
-
ISL78233AARZ-T7A (Notes 1, 3) 78233A ARZ  
ISL78234ARZ (Note 2)  
8234  
8234  
ISL78234ARZ-T (Notes 1, 2)  
6k  
250  
-
16 Ld 3x3 TQFN  
ISL78234ARZ-T7A (Notes 1, 2) 8234  
16 Ld 3x3 TQFN  
ISL78234AARZ (Note 3)  
78234A ARZ  
78234A ARZ  
16 Ld 5x5mm WFQFN  
16 Ld 5x5mm WFQFN  
16 Ld 5x5mm WFQFN  
ISL78234AARZ-T (Notes 1, 3)  
6k  
250  
ISL78234AARZ-T7A (Notes 1, 3) 78234A ARZ  
ISL78233EVAL1Z  
ISL78234EVAL1Z  
ISL78233EVAL2Z  
ISL78234EVAL2Z  
NOTES:  
3x3mm TQFN Evaluation Board  
3x3mm TQFN Evaluation Board  
5x5mm WFQFN Evaluation Board  
5x5mm WFQFN Evaluation Board  
1. Refer to TB347 for details about reel specifications.  
2. These Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets, molding compounds/die attach materials, and 100% matte tin plate  
plus anneal (e3 termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations). Pb-free products are  
MSL classified at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.  
3. These Pb-free plastic packaged products employ special Pb-free material sets; molding compounds/die attach materials and NiPdAu-Ag plate - e4  
termination finish, which is RoHS compliant and compatible with both SnPb and Pb-free soldering operations. Pb-free products are MSL classified  
at Pb-free peak reflow temperatures that meet or exceed the Pb-free requirements of IPC/JEDEC J STD-020.  
4. For Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL), please see the ISL78233, ISL78234 product information pages. For more information about MSL see TB363.  
TABLE 1. KEY DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FAMILY OF PARTS  
I
MAX  
OUT  
(A)  
PART NUMBER  
ISL78233  
3
4
5
ISL78234  
ISL78235  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 3 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Typical Application Diagram  
L
1
+1.8V/4A  
V
OUT  
1.0µH  
2 x 22µF  
C
2
GND  
+2.7V …+5.5V  
1
2
12  
11  
10  
9
PGND  
PGND  
SGND  
FB  
V
VIN  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
IN  
R
C
1
2 x 22µF  
2
C *  
3
22pF  
200k  
GND  
R
1
VDD  
PG  
100k  
  
R
3
3
4
PG  
100k  
  
+0.6V  
SYNC  
*C IS OPTIONAL. IT IS  
3
RECOMMENDED TO PUT A  
PLACEHOLDER FOR IT AND CHECK  
LOOP ANALYSIS BEFORE USE.  
FIGURE 2. TYPICAL APPLICATION DIAGRAM  
TABLE 2. COMPONENT SELECTION TABLE  
V
1.2V  
2 x 22µF  
2 x 22µF  
22pF  
1.5V  
1.8V  
2 x 22µF  
2 x 22µF  
22pF  
2.5V  
3.3V  
2 x 22µF  
2 x 22µF  
22pF  
3.6V  
2 x 22µF  
2 x 22µF  
22pF  
OUT  
C
C
C
2 x 22µF  
2 x 22µF  
22pF  
2 x 22µF  
2 x 22µF  
22pF  
1
2
3
1
L
0.33-0.68µH  
100kΩ  
0.33-0.68µH  
150kΩ  
0.33-0.68µH  
200kΩ  
0.47-0.78µH  
316kΩ  
0.47-0.78µH  
450kΩ  
0.47-0.78µH  
500kΩ  
R
2
3
R
100kΩ  
100kΩ  
100kΩ  
100kΩ  
100kΩ  
100kΩ  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 4 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
COMP  
55pF  
FS  
SYNC  
SS  
SOFT-  
START  
SHUTDOWN  
SHUTDOWN  
VDD  
VIN  
100kΩ  
+
+
EN  
OSCILLATOR  
VREF  
3pF  
BANDGAP  
+
EAMP  
COMP  
-
P
-
PWM/PFM  
LOGIC  
CONTROLLER  
PROTECTION  
HS DRIVER  
PHASE  
PGND  
LS  
DRIVER  
N
+
FB  
SLOPE
COMP  
0.8V  
6kΩ  
+
-
CSA  
-
+
-
OV  
+
OCP  
-
0.85*VREF  
ISET  
THRESHOLD  
+
UV  
+
SKIP  
-
PG  
1ms  
DELAY  
NEG CURRENT  
SENSING  
SGND  
ZERO-CROSS  
SENSING  
-
SCP  
+
0.5V  
100Ω  
SHUTDOWN  
FIGURE 3. FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 5 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Reference to GND)  
Thermal Information  
VIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 5.8V (DC) or 7V (20ms)  
EN, FS, PG, SYNC, VFB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to VIN + 0.3V  
PHASE . . . . . . . . . . . . -1.5V (100ns)/-0.3V (DC) to 6.5V (DC) or 7V (20ms)  
COMP, SS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.3V to 2.7V  
ESD Rating  
Human Body Model (Tested per AEC-Q100-002) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5kV  
Machine Model (Tested per AEC-Q100-003). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300V  
Charge Device Model (Tested per AEC-Q100-011). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2kV  
Latch-Up (Tested per AEC-Q100-004, Class II, Level A) . . . . . . . . . . 100mA  
Thermal Resistance  
16 Ld TQFN Package (Notes 5, 6) . . . . . . .  
16 Ld WFQFN Package (Notes 5, 6) . . . . .  
Operating Junction Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-55°C to +125°C  
Storage Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-65°C to +150°C  
Pb-Free Reflow Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . see TB493  
(°C/W)  
43  
33  
(°C/W)  
3.5  
3.5  
JA  
JC  
Recommended Operating Conditions  
V
Supply Voltage Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.7V to 5.5V  
IN  
Load Current Range  
(ISL78233) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A to 3A  
(ISL78234) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A to 4A  
Ambient Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .-40°C to +125°C  
CAUTION: Do not operate at or near the maximum ratings listed for extended periods of time. Exposure to such conditions may adversely impact product  
reliability and result in failures not covered by warranty.  
NOTES:  
5. is measured in free air with the component mounted on a high-effective thermal conductivity test board with “direct attach” features. See TB379.  
JA  
6. , “case temperature” location is at the center of the exposed metal pad on the package underside.  
JC  
Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise noted, all parameter limits are established across the recommended operating conditions  
and the specification limits are measured at the following conditions: T = -40°C to +125°C, V = 3.6V, EN = V , unless otherwise noted. Typical values  
A
IN  
IN  
are at T = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +125°C.  
A
MIN  
MAX  
PARAMETER  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
(Note 7)  
TYP  
(Note 7)  
UNIT  
INPUT SUPPLY  
Undervoltage Lockout Threshold  
V
V
Rising, no load  
2.5  
2.45  
45  
2.7  
V
V
IN  
UVLO  
Falling, no load  
2.2  
Quiescent Supply Current  
I
SYNC = GND, no load at the output  
µA  
µA  
VIN  
SYNC = GND, no load at the output and no  
switches switching  
45  
60  
SYNC = V , FS = 2MHz, no load at the output  
IN  
19  
25  
10  
mA  
µA  
Shutdown Supply Current  
OUTPUT REGULATION  
Reference Voltage  
I
SYNC = GND, V = 5.5V, EN = low  
IN  
3.8  
SD  
V
0.593  
1.7  
0.600  
0.1  
0.2  
1
0.606  
V
REF  
VFB Bias Current  
I
VFB = 0.75V  
µA  
VFB  
Line Regulation  
V
= V + 0.5V to 5.5V (minimal 2.7V)  
%/V  
ms  
µA  
IN  
SS = SGND  
= 0.1V  
O
Soft-Start Ramp Time Cycle  
Soft-Start Charging Current  
OVERCURRENT PROTECTION  
Current Limit Blanking Time  
I
V
2.1  
2.5  
SS  
SS  
t
17  
Clock  
OCON  
pulses  
Overcurrent and Auto Restart Period  
Positive Peak Current Limit  
t
8
SS cycle  
OCOFF  
I
ISL78234, T = +25°C  
5.4  
5.2  
3.9  
3.7  
6.7  
8.1  
9
A
A
A
A
PLIMIT  
A
ISL78234, T = -40°C to +125°C  
A
ISL78233, T = +25°C  
4.9  
6
A
ISL78233, T = -40°C to +125°C  
6.6  
A
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 6 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Electrical Specifications Unless otherwise noted, all parameter limits are established across the recommended operating conditions  
and the specification limits are measured at the following conditions: T = -40°C to +125°C, V = 3.6V, EN = V , unless otherwise noted. Typical values  
A
IN  
IN  
are at T = +25°C. Boldface limits apply across the operating temperature range, -40°C to +125°C. (Continued)  
A
MIN  
MAX  
PARAMETER  
SYMBOL  
TEST CONDITIONS  
ISL78234, T = +25°C  
(Note 7)  
TYP  
1.1  
(Note 7)  
UNIT  
A
Peak Skip Limit  
I
0.9  
1.35  
1.5  
SKIP  
A
ISL78234, T = -40°C to +125°C  
0.84  
0.7  
A
A
ISL78233, T = +25°C  
0.9  
1.2  
A
A
ISL78233, T = -40°C to +125°C  
0.6  
1.3  
A
A
Zero Cross Threshold  
Negative Current Limit  
-275  
-5.1  
375  
-1.3  
-0.6  
mA  
A
I
T
= +25°C  
-2.8  
NLIMIT  
A
T
= -40°C to +125°C  
-6.0  
A
A
COMPENSATION  
Error Amplifier Transconductance  
COMP = V , internal compensation  
DD  
125  
130  
0.2  
µA/V  
µA/V  
Ω
External compensation  
4A application  
Transresistance  
RT  
0.145  
0.25  
PHASE  
P-Channel MOSFET ON-Resistance  
V
V
V
V
= 5V, I = 200mA  
26  
38  
5
35  
52  
50  
78  
20  
31  
mΩ  
mΩ  
mΩ  
mΩ  
%
IN  
IN  
IN  
IN  
O
= 2.7V, I = 200mA  
O
N-Channel MOSFET ON-Resistance  
= 5V, I = 200mA  
11  
O
= 2.7V, I = 200mA  
8
15  
O
PHASE Maximum Duty Cycle  
PHASE Minimum On-Time  
OSCILLATOR  
100  
SYNC = High  
100  
ns  
Nominal Switching Frequency  
f
FS = V  
1700  
0.67  
2000  
420  
2350  
kHz  
kHz  
kHz  
V
SW  
IN  
FS with RS = 402kΩ  
FS with RS = 42.2kΩ  
4200  
0.75  
0.17  
3.7  
SYNC Logic LOW to HIGH Transition Range  
SYNC Hysteresis  
0.84  
5
V
SYNC Logic Input Leakage Current  
PG  
V
= 3.6V  
µA  
IN  
Output Low Voltage  
IPG = 1mA  
0.3  
2
V
ms  
µA  
V
Delay Time (Rising Edge)  
PG Pin Leakage Current  
OVP PG Rising Threshold  
UVP PG Rising Threshold  
UVP PG Hysteresis  
Time from V  
reached regulation  
0.5  
80  
1
OUT  
PG = V  
0.01  
0.80  
86  
0.1  
IN  
90  
%
5.5  
6.5  
%
PGOOD Delay Time (Falling Edge)  
EN  
µs  
Logic Input Low (Note 8)  
Logic Input High  
EN_VIL  
EN_VIH  
0.4  
1
V
0.9  
V
EN Logic Input Leakage Current  
Thermal Shutdown  
Pulled up to 3.6V  
0.1  
150  
25  
µA  
°C  
°C  
Temperature Rising  
Temperature Falling  
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis  
NOTE:  
7. Compliance to datasheet limits is assured by one or more methods: production test, characterization and/or design.  
8. EN should be held below the EN_VIL until V exceeds V  
IN  
rising.  
UVLO  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 7 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: T = +25°C, V = 5V, EN = V  
,
IN  
A
IN  
SYNC = V , L = 1.0µH, C = 22µF, C = 2 x 22µF, I  
= 0A to 4A.  
IN  
1
2
OUT  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
2.5V  
2.5V  
OUT  
OUT  
1.5V  
1.5V  
OUT  
OUT  
1.2V  
OUT  
1.2V  
OUT  
1.8V  
OUT  
1.8V  
OUT  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 4. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (2MHz, 3.3V PWM)  
IN  
FIGURE 5. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (2MHz, 3.3V PFM)  
IN  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
100  
90  
80  
70  
60  
50  
40  
2.5V  
OUT  
3.3V  
3.3V  
OUT  
OUT  
2.5V  
OUT  
1.5V  
1.5V  
OUT  
OUT  
1.2V  
OUT  
1.8V  
1.2V  
OUT  
1.8V  
OUT  
OUT  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 6. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (2MHz, 5V PWM)  
IN  
FIGURE 7. EFFICIENCY vs LOAD (2MHz, 5V PFM)  
IN  
1.219  
1.214  
1.515  
1.510  
1.505  
1.500  
1.495  
1.490  
1.485  
1.480  
1.475  
1.209  
1.204  
1.199  
3.3V PFM  
IN  
3.3V PFM  
IN  
5V PFM  
IN  
5V PFM  
IN  
5V PWM  
IN  
5V PWM  
IN  
1.194  
1.189  
3.3V PWM  
IN  
3.3V PWM  
IN  
1.184  
1.179  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 8. V  
OUT  
REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, V  
OUT  
= 1.2V)  
FIGURE 9. V  
OUT  
REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, V  
= 1.5V)  
OUT  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 8 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: T = +25°C, V = 5V, EN = V  
,
IN  
A
IN  
SYNC = V , L = 1.0µH, C = 22µF, C = 2 x 22µF, I  
= 0A to 4A. (Continued)  
IN  
1
2
OUT  
1.815  
1.810  
1.805  
1.800  
1.795  
1.790  
2.505  
2.500  
2.495  
2.490  
2.485  
2.480  
2.475  
2.470  
2.465  
3.3V PFM  
IN  
3.3V PFM  
IN  
5V PFM  
IN  
5V PFM  
IN  
5V PWM  
IN  
5V PWM  
IN  
1.785  
1.780  
1.775  
3.3V PWM  
IN  
3.3V PWM  
IN  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
FIGURE 11. V  
REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, V  
= 2.5V)  
OUT  
FIGURE 10. V  
OUT  
REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, V  
= 1.8V)  
OUT  
OUT  
3.309  
75  
70  
65  
60  
3.301  
3.293  
3.285  
3.277  
3.269  
3.261  
3.253  
3.245  
T = +125°C  
5V PWM  
IN  
5V PFM  
IN  
T = +25°C  
55  
50  
T = -40°C  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
4.5  
(V)  
5.0  
5.5  
6.0  
0.0  
0.5  
1.0  
1.5  
2.0  
2.5  
3.0  
3.5  
4.0  
V
OUTPUT LOAD (A)  
IN  
FIGURE 12. V  
OUT  
REGULATION vs LOAD (1MHz, V  
OUT  
= 3.3V)  
FIGURE 13. PHASE MINIMUM ON-TIME vs V (2MHz)  
IN  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
1V/DIV  
V
OUT  
1V/DIV  
OUT  
V
5V/DIV  
EN  
V
5V/DIV  
EN  
PG 5V/DIV  
PG 5V/DIV  
400µs/DIV  
400µs/DIV  
FIGURE 14. START-UP AT NO LOAD (PFM)  
FIGURE 15. START-UP AT NO LOAD (PWM)  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 9 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: T = +25°C, V = 5V, EN = V  
,
IN  
A
IN  
SYNC = V , L = 1.0µH, C = 22µF, C = 2 x 22µF, I = 0A to 4A. (Continued)  
OUT  
IN  
1
2
PHASE 5V/DIV  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
1V/DIV  
OUT  
V
1V/DIV  
OUT  
V
5V/DIV  
V
5V/DIV  
EN  
EN  
PG 5V/DIV  
PG 5V/DIV  
400µs/DIV  
400µs/DIV  
FIGURE 16. SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD (PFM)  
FIGURE 17. SHUTDOWN AT NO LOAD (PWM)  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
1V/DIV  
V
1V/DIV  
5V/DIV  
OUT  
OUT  
V
5V/DIV  
EN  
V
EN  
PG 5V/DIV  
500µs/DIV  
PG 5V/DIV  
500µs/DIV  
FIGURE 18. START-UP AT 4A LOAD (PWM)  
FIGURE 19. SHUTDOWN AT 4A LOAD (PWM)  
I
2A/DIV  
1V/DIV  
OUT  
I
2A/DIV  
1V/DIV  
OUT  
V
V
OUT  
OUT  
V
5V/DIV  
V
5V/DIV  
EN  
EN  
PG 5V/DIV  
PG 5V/DIV  
500µs/DIV  
500µs/DIV  
FIGURE 20. START-UP AT 4A LOAD (PFM)  
FIGURE 21. SHUTDOWN AT 4A LOAD (PFM)  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 10 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: T = +25°C, V = 5V, EN = V  
,
IN  
A
IN  
SYNC = V , L = 1.0µH, C = 22µF, C = 2 x 22µF, I  
= 0A to 4A. (Continued)  
IN  
1
2
OUT  
PHASE 1V/DIV  
PHASE 1V/DIV  
10ns/DIV  
10ns/DIV  
FIGURE 22. JITTER AT NO LOAD PWM (1MHz)  
FIGURE 23. JITTER AT FULL LOAD PWM (1MHz)  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
RIPPLE 20mV/DIV  
OUT  
V
RIPPLE 20mV/DIV  
OUT  
I
1A/DIV  
I
1A/DIV  
L
L
20ms/DIV  
500ns/DIV  
FIGURE 24. STEADY STATE AT NO LOAD PWM  
FIGURE 25. STEADY STATE AT NO LOAD PFM  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
RIPPLE 20mV/DIV  
OUT  
I
2A/DIV  
L
500ns/DIV  
FIGURE 26. STEADY STATE AT 4A PWM  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 11 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Typical Operating Performance Unless otherwise noted, operating conditions are: T = +25°C, V = 5V, EN = V  
,
IN  
A
IN  
SYNC = V , L = 1.0µH, C = 22µF, C = 2 x 22µF, I = 0A to 4A. (Continued)  
OUT  
IN  
1
2
V
RIPPLE 100mV/DIV  
V
RIPPLE 100mV/DIV  
OUT  
OUT  
I
2A/DIV  
LOAD  
I
2A/DIV  
LOAD  
200µs/DIV  
200µs/DIV  
FIGURE 28. LOAD TRANSIENTS (PFM)  
FIGURE 27. LOAD TRANSIENTS (PWM)  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
1V/DIV  
OUT  
I
2A/DIV  
L
I
5A/DIV  
L
V
1V/DIV  
OUT  
PG 5V/DIV  
PG 5V/DIV  
4µs/DIV  
40µs/DIV  
FIGURE 29. OUTPUT SHORT-CIRCUIT  
FIGURE 30. OVERCURRENT PROTECTION  
PHASE 5V/DIV  
V
1V/DIV  
OUT  
V
2V/DIV  
OUT  
I
5A/DIV  
L
PG 2V/DIV  
PG 5V/DIV  
20µs/DIV  
20ms/DIV  
FIGURE 31. OVERVOLTAGE PROTECTION  
FIGURE 32. OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTION  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 12 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Theory of Operation  
V
EAMP  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 are step-down switching regulators  
optimized for automotive battery powered applications. The  
regulator operates at a 2MHz default switching frequency for  
high efficiency and allow smaller form factor, when FS is  
connected to VIN. By connecting a resistor from FS to SGND, the  
operational frequency adjustable range is 500kHz to 4MHz. At  
light load, the regulator reduces the switching frequency, unless  
forced to the fixed frequency, to minimize the switching loss and  
to maximize the battery life. The quiescent current when the  
output is not loaded is typically only 45µA. The supply current is  
typically only 3.8µA when the regulator is shut down.  
V
CSA  
DUTY  
CYCLE  
I
L
V
OUT  
PWM Control Scheme  
FIGURE 33. PWM OPERATION WAVEFORMS  
Pulling the SYNC pin HI (>0.8V) forces the converter into PWM  
mode, regardless of output current. The ISL78233, ISL78234  
employs the current-mode Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)  
control scheme for fast transient response and pulse-by-pulse  
current limiting. Figure 3 on page 5 shows the functional block  
diagram. The current loop consists of the oscillator, the PWM  
comparator, current-sensing circuit, and the slope compensation  
for the current loop stability. The slope compensation is  
440mV/Ts, which changes proportionally with frequency. The  
gain for the current-sensing circuit is typically 200mV/A. The  
control reference for the current loops comes from the Error  
Amplifier's (EAMP) output.  
Skip Mode  
Pulling the SYNC pin LO (<0.4V) forces the converter into PFM  
mode. The ISL78233, ISL78234 enters a Pulse-Skipping mode  
at light load to minimize the switching loss by reducing the  
switching frequency. Figure 34 on page 14 illustrates Skip mode  
operation. A zero-cross sensing circuit shown in Figure 3 on  
page 5 monitors the NFET current for zero crossing. When 16  
consecutive cycles are detected, the regulator enters Skip mode.  
During the sixteen detecting cycles, the current in the inductor is  
allowed to become negative. The counter is reset to zero when  
the current in any cycle does not cross zero.  
The PWM operation is initialized by the clock from the oscillator.  
The P-channel MOSFET is turned on at the beginning of a PWM  
cycle and the current in the MOSFET starts to ramp up. When the  
sum of the current amplifier CSA and the slope compensation  
reaches the control reference of the current loop, the PWM  
comparator COMP sends a signal to the PWM logic to turn off the  
PFET and turn on the N-channel MOSFET. The NFET stays on until  
the end of the PWM cycle. Figure 33 shows the typical operating  
waveforms during the PWM operation. The dotted lines illustrate  
the sum of the slope compensation ramp and the current-sense  
amplifier’s CSA output.  
Once Skip mode is entered, the pulse modulation starts being  
controlled by the Skip comparator shown in Figure 3 on page 5.  
Each pulse cycle is still synchronized by the PWM clock. The PFET  
is turned on at the clock's rising edge and turned off when the  
output is higher than 1.2% of the nominal regulation or when its  
current reaches the peak Skip current limit value. Then, the  
inductor current is discharging to 0A and stays at zero (the  
internal clock is disabled), and the output voltage reduces  
gradually due to the load current discharging the output  
capacitor. When the output voltage drops to the nominal voltage,  
the PFET will be turned on again at the rising edge of the internal  
clock as it repeats the previous operations.  
The output voltage is regulated by controlling the V  
EAMP  
voltage  
to the current loop. The bandgap circuit outputs a 0.6V reference  
voltage to the voltage loop. The feedback signal comes from the  
VFB pin. The soft-start block only affects the operation during the  
start-up and will be discussed separately. The error amplifier is a  
transconductance amplifier that converts the voltage error signal  
to a current output. The voltage loop is internally compensated  
with the 55pF and 100kΩ RC network. The maximum EAMP  
voltage output is precisely clamped to 2.5V.  
The regulator resumes normal PWM mode operation when the  
output voltage drops 1.2% below the nominal voltage.  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 13 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
PWM  
PFM  
PWM  
CLOCK  
16 CYCLES  
PFM CURRENT LIMIT  
LOAD CURRENT  
I
L
0
NOMINAL +1%  
V
OUT  
NOMINAL -1.5%  
NOMINAL  
FIGURE 34. SKIP MODE OPERATION WAVEFORMS  
Frequency Adjust  
Negative Current Protection  
The frequency of operation is fixed at 2MHz when FS is tied to VIN.  
Adjustable frequency ranges from 500kHz to 4MHz using a simple  
resistor connecting FS to SGND according to Equation 1:  
Similar to overcurrent, the negative current protection is realized  
by monitoring the current across the low-side NFET, as shown in  
Figure 3 on page 5. When the valley point of the inductor current  
reaches -3A for four consecutive cycles, both PFET and NFET are  
off. The 100Ω in parallel to the NFET will activate discharging the  
output into regulation. The control will begin to switch when output  
is within regulation. The regulator will be in PFM for 20µs before  
switching to PWM if necessary.  
3
220 10  
------------------------------  
R
k =  
14  
(EQ. 1)  
FS  
f
kHz  
OSC  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 also has frequency synchronization  
capability by simply connecting the SYNC pin to an external  
square pulse waveform. The frequency synchronization feature  
will synchronize the positive edge trigger and its switching  
frequency up to 4MHz. The minimum external SYNC frequency is  
half of the free running frequency (either the default frequency or  
determined by the FS resistor).  
PG  
PG is an open-drain output of a window comparator that  
continuously monitors the buck regulator output voltage. PG is  
actively held low when EN is low and during the buck regulator  
soft-start period. After 1ms delay of the soft-start period, PG  
becomes high impedance as long as the output voltage is within  
nominal regulation voltage set by VFB. When VFB drops 15% below  
or raises 0.8V above the nominal regulation voltage, the ISL78233,  
ISL78234 pulls PG low. Any fault condition forces PG low until the  
fault condition is cleared by attempts to soft-start. For logic level  
Overcurrent Protection  
The overcurrent protection is realized by monitoring the CSA  
output with the OCP comparator, as shown in Figure 3 on page 5.  
The current sensing circuit has a gain of 200mV/A, from the P-FET  
current to the CSA output. When the CSA output reaches the  
threshold, the OCP comparator is tripled to turn off the PFET  
immediately. The overcurrent function protects the switching  
converter from a shorted output by monitoring the current flowing  
through the upper MOSFET.  
output voltages, connect an external pull-up resistor, R , between  
1
PG and VIN. A 100kΩ resistor works well in most applications.  
UVLO  
When the input voltage is below the Undervoltage Lockout  
(UVLO) threshold, the regulator is disabled.  
Upon detection of an overcurrent condition, the upper MOSFET  
will be immediately turned off and will not be turned on again  
until the next switching cycle. Upon detection of the initial  
overcurrent condition, the overcurrent fault counter is set to 1. If,  
on the subsequent cycle, another overcurrent condition is  
detected, the OC fault counter will be incremented. If there are  
17 sequential OC fault detections, the regulator will be shut down  
under an overcurrent fault condition. An overcurrent fault  
condition will result in the regulator attempting to restart in a  
hiccup mode within the delay of eight soft-start periods. At the  
end of the eighth soft-start wait period, the fault counters are  
reset and soft-start is attempted again. If the overcurrent  
condition goes away during the delay of eight soft-start periods,  
the output will resume back into regulation point after hiccup  
mode expires.  
Soft Start-Up  
The soft start-up reduces the inrush current during the start-up.  
The soft-start block outputs a ramp reference to the input of the  
error amplifier. This voltage ramp limits the inductor current as  
well as the output voltage speed, so that the output voltage rises  
in a controlled fashion. When VFB is less than 0.1V at the  
beginning of the soft-start, the switching frequency is reduced to  
200kHz so that the output can start-up smoothly at light load  
condition. During soft-start, the IC operates in Skip mode to  
support prebiased output condition.  
Tie SS to SGND for internal soft-start is approximately 1ms.  
Connect a capacitor from SS to SGND to adjust the soft-start  
time. This capacitor, along with an internal 2.1µA current source  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 14 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
sets the soft-start interval of the converter, t as shown by  
SS  
Equation 2.  
The inductor’s saturation current rating needs to be at least  
larger than the peak current. The ISL78233, ISL78234 protects  
the typical peak current 4.9A/6.7A. The saturation current needs  
to be over 7A for maximum output current application.  
C
F= 3.1 t s  
SS  
(EQ. 2)  
SS  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 uses an internal compensation  
network and the output capacitor value is dependent on the  
output voltage. The recommended ceramic capacitor is X5R or  
X7R. The recommended X5R or X7R minimum output capacitor  
values are shown in Table 2 on page 4.  
C
must be less than 33nF to insure proper soft-start reset after  
SS  
fault condition.  
Enable  
The Enable (EN) input allows the user to control the turning on or  
off of the regulator for purposes such as power-up sequencing.  
When the regulator is enabled, there is typically a 600µs delay  
for waking up the bandgap reference and then the soft start-up  
In Table 2, the minimum output capacitor value is given for the  
different output voltages to make sure that the whole converter  
system is stable. Additional output capacitance should be added  
for better performance in applications where high load transient  
or low output ripple is required. It is recommended to check the  
system level performance along with the simulation model.  
begins. EN should be held below the EN_VIL until V exceeds  
IN  
V
rising.  
UVLO  
Discharge Mode (Soft-Stop)  
When a transition to shutdown mode occurs or the V UVLO is  
Output Voltage Selection  
IN  
set, the outputs discharge to GND through an internal 100Ω  
switch.  
The output voltage of the regulator can be programmed using an  
external resistor divider that is used to scale the output voltage  
relative to the internal reference voltage, and feed it back to the  
inverting input of the error amplifier (see Figure 2 on page 4).  
Power MOSFETs  
The power MOSFETs are optimized for best efficiency. The  
ON-resistance for the PFET is typically 35mΩ and the  
ON-resistance for the NFET is typically 11mΩ.  
The output voltage programming resistor, R , will depend on the  
2
value chosen for the feedback resistor and the desired output  
voltage of the regulator. The value for the feedback resistor, R ,  
3
is typically between 10kΩ and 100kΩ, as shown in Equation 4.  
100% Duty Cycle  
V
O
VFB  
-----------  
1  
(EQ. 4)  
R
= R  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 features 100% duty cycle operation to  
maximize the battery life. When the battery voltage drops to a  
level that the ISL78233, ISL78234 can no longer maintain the  
regulation at the output, the regulator completely turns on the  
P-FET. The maximum dropout voltage under the 100% duty-cycle  
operation is the product of the load current and the  
ON-resistance of the PFET.  
2
3
If the output voltage desired is 0.6V, then R is left unpopulated  
3
and R is shorted. There is a leakage current from VIN to PHASE.  
2
It is recommended to preload the output with 10µA minimum.  
For better performance, add 15pF in parallel with R (200kΩ).  
2
Check loop analysis before use in application.  
Thermal Shutdown  
Input Capacitor Selection  
The ISL78233, ISL78234 has built-in thermal protection. When the  
internal temperature reaches +150°C, the regulator is completely  
shut down. As the temperature drops to +125°C, the ISL78233,  
ISL78234 resumes operation by stepping through the soft-start.  
The main functions for the input capacitor are to provide  
decoupling of the parasitic inductance and to provide a filtering  
function to prevent the switching current flowing back to the  
battery rail. At least two 22µF X5R or X7R ceramic capacitors are  
a good starting point for the input capacitor selection.  
Applications Information  
Output Inductor and Capacitor Selection  
Loop Compensation Design  
When COMP is not connected to VDD, the COMP pin is active for  
external loop compensation. The ISL78233, ISL78234 uses  
constant frequency peak current mode control architecture to  
achieve a fast loop transient response. An accurate  
current-sensing pilot device in parallel with the upper MOSFET is  
used for peak current control signal and overcurrent protection.  
The inductor is not considered as a state variable since its peak  
current is constant, and the system becomes a single order  
system. It is much easier to design a type II compensator to  
stabilize the loop than to implement voltage mode control. Peak  
current mode control has an inherent input voltage feed-forward  
function to achieve good line regulation. Figure 35 on page 16  
shows the small signal model of the synchronous buck regulator.  
To consider steady state and transient operations, the ISL78233,  
ISL78234 typically uses a 1.0µH output inductor. The higher or  
lower inductor value can be used to optimize the total converter  
system performance. For example, for higher output voltage 3.3V  
application, in order to decrease the inductor current ripple and  
output voltage ripple, the output inductor value can be increased.  
It is recommended to set the ripple inductor current to  
approximately 30% of the maximum output current for optimized  
performance. The inductor ripple current can be expressed as  
shown in Equation 3:  
V
O
---------  
V
1 –  
(EQ. 3)  
O
V
IN  
--------------------------------------  
I =  
L f  
S
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 15 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
The compensator design procedure is as follows:  
^
^
^
L
R
LP  
i
P
i
L
v
in  
o
The loop gain at crossover frequency of f has a unity gain.  
c
^
d
Therefore, the compensator resistance R is determined by  
V
6
in  
^
^
1:D  
I d  
V
L
in  
Equation 6.  
Rc  
Co  
+
R
T
2f V C R  
o o t  
3
c
(EQ. 6)  
---------------------------------  
= 17.4510 f V C  
c o o  
Ro  
R
=
6
GM V  
FB  
where GM is the sum of the transconductance, g , of the voltage  
m
T (S)  
i
^
d
error amplifier in each phase. Compensator capacitor C is then  
6
K
given by Equation 7.  
Fm  
R C  
V C  
o o  
I R  
o 6  
R C  
o
o
1
c
o
(EQ. 7)  
-------------- --------------  
,C = max(--------------,---------------)  
7
C
=
=
6
R
R
f R  
6
6
s 6  
T (S)  
+
v
He(S)  
^
Place one compensator pole at zero frequency to achieve high  
DC gain, and put another compensator pole at either ESR zero  
frequency or half switching frequency, whichever is lower in  
Equation 7. An optional zero can boost the phase margin. CZ2 is  
v
comp  
-Av(S)  
FIGURE 35. SMALL SIGNAL MODEL OF SYNCHRONOUS BUCK  
REGULATOR  
a zero due to R and C   
2
3
Place compensator zero 2 to 5 times f :  
c
1
(EQ. 8)  
---------------  
C =  
3
f R  
c
2
Vo  
Example: V = 5V, V = 1.8V, I = 4A, FS = 1MHz, R = 200kΩ,  
IN  
O
O
2
R = 100kΩ, C = 2x22µF/3mΩ, L = 1µH, f = 100kHz, then  
3
o
c
R
C
3
2
compensator resistance R :  
6
V
FB  
3
(EQ. 9)  
-
R
= 17.4510 100kHz 1.8V 44F = 138k  
V
COMP  
6
R
3
GM  
V
REF  
+
It is acceptable to use 137kΩas theclosest standard value for  
R .  
6
R
6
C
1.8V 44F  
4A 137k  
7
(EQ. 10)  
(EQ. 11)  
-------------------------------  
= 144pF  
C
6
=
C
6
3m  44F  
1
C = max(--------------------------------,------------------------------------------------ )= (1pF,2.3pF)  
7
137k  
  1MHz137k  
It is also acceptable to use the closest standard values for C and  
6
FIGURE 36. TYPE II COMPENSATOR  
C . There is approximately 3pF parasitic capacitance from V  
7
COMP  
to GND; Therefore, C is optional. Use C = 150pF and C = OPEN.  
7
6
7
Figure 36 shows the type II compensator and its transfer function  
is expressed as Equation 5:  
1
(EQ. 12)  
-----------------------------------------------  
C =  
= 16pF  
3
S
S
100kHz 200k  
   
   
------------  
------------  
1 +  
1 +  
ˆ
GM R  
v
comp  
3
cz1  
cz2  
---------------- -------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------  
A S=  
=
v
ˆ
Use C = 15pF. Note that C may increase the loop bandwidth  
3 3  
C + C   R + R   
S
S
v
   
6
7
2
3
FB  
------------  
------------  
S 1 +  
1 +  
   
from previous estimated value. Figure 37 on page 17 shows the  
simulated voltage loop gain. It is shown that it has a 150kHz loop  
bandwidth with a 42° phase margin and 10dB gain margin. It  
may be more desirable to achieve an increased phase margin.  
cp1  
cp2  
(EQ. 5)  
where,  
This can be accomplished by lowering R by 20% to 30%.  
6
C
+ C  
R + R  
2 3  
C R R  
3 2 3  
1
--------------  
1
6
7
--------------  
----------------------  
----------------------  
=
,
=
   
=
   
cp2  
=
cz1  
cz2  
cp1  
R C  
R C  
R C C  
6
6
2
3
6
6
7
Compensator design goal:  
High DC gain  
Choose loop bandwidth f less than 100kHz  
c
Gain margin: >10dB  
Phase margin: >40°  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 16 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
60  
45  
PCB Layout Recommendation  
The PCB layout is a very important converter design step to make  
sure the designed converter works well. For the ISL78233,  
ISL78234 the power loop is composed of the output inductor Ls,  
30  
15  
0
the output capacitor C , the PHASE pins, and the PGND pin. It is  
O
necessary to make the power loop as small as possible and the  
connecting traces among them should be direct, short, and wide.  
The switching node of the converter, the PHASE pins and the  
traces connected to the node are very noisy, so keep the voltage  
feedback trace away from these noisy traces. Place the input  
capacitor as close as possible to the VIN pin. Connect the ground  
of the input and output capacitors as close as possible. The heat  
of the IC is mainly dissipated through the thermal pad.  
Maximizing the copper area connected to the thermal pad is  
preferable. In addition, a solid ground plane is helpful for better  
EMI performance. Refer to TB389 for via placement on the  
copper area of the PCB underneath the thermal pad for optimum  
thermal performance.  
-15  
-30  
100  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
f (fi)  
180  
150  
120  
90  
60  
30  
0
100  
1k  
10k  
100k  
1M  
f (fi)  
FIGURE 37. SIMULATED LOOP GAIN  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 17 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
Revision History  
The revision history provided is for informational purposes only and is believed to be accurate, but not warranted. Please go to web to make sure you  
have the latest revision.  
DATE  
REVISION  
FN8359.8  
CHANGE  
Apr 19, 2018  
Updated Related Literature section.  
Updated Ordering Information table by adding tape and reel information, Note 3, and updating Note 1.  
Adding Note 8 and its cross-referencing on page 7.  
Added symbol name “EN_VILto the Logic Input Low parameter and the symbold name “EN_VIH” to the Logic  
Input High parameter on page 7.  
Updated Enable section on page 14.  
Removed About Intersil section and updated disclaimer.  
Dec 4, 2015  
FN8359.7  
FN8359.6  
Added a new User Guide to Related Literature section on page 1.  
Added EVAL2 part numbers to the ordering information table on page 3.  
Added Table 1 on page 3.  
Nov 10, 2015  
Added 5x5mmWFQFN information throughout datasheet.  
Updated Note 1 on page 3 from “Add “-T*” suffix for tape and reel.” to “Add “-T” suffix for 6k unit or “-T7A” suffix  
for 250 unit tape and reel options.”  
In “PWM Control Scheme” on page 13 (last sentence) corrected a typo by changing “1.6V to “2.5V”.  
Table 2 on page 4: Updated L1 row.  
Updated the “PCB Layout Recommendation” section on page 17.  
Added POD L16.5x5D.  
Apr 23, 2015  
Apr 23, 2014  
FN8359.5  
FN8359.4  
Updated the 4th Features bullet page 1 by changing value from “0.8%” to “-1.2%/1%”.  
Updated electrical table, changed Phase minimum on-time MAX from 133ns to 100ns on page 7  
Updated electrical table, modified test conditions for Error Amplifier trans-conductance and Power-good  
Output Low Voltage on page 7  
Removed references to VOUT = 0.8V, and 0.9V  
Added typical curve for Phase minimum on-time vs VIN on page 9  
Added description on synchronized control on page 14  
Feb 24, 2014  
FN8359.3  
Updated ESD rating qual references from Jedec standard references to AEC-Q100 standard references on  
page 6  
Dec 13, 2013  
Oct16, 2013  
FN8359.2  
FN8359.1  
Last Features bullet on page 1: changed from “Qualified for automotive application” to “AEC-Q100 qualified”  
Initial Release.  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 18 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
For the most recent package outline drawing, see L16.3x3D.  
Package Outline Drawings  
L16.3x3D  
16 LEAD THIN QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE  
Rev 0, 3/10  
4X 1.50  
3.00  
6
A
12X 0.50  
PIN #1  
INDEX AREA  
B
13  
16  
6
PIN 1  
INDEX AREA  
12  
1
1.60 SQ  
4
9
(4X)  
0.15  
0.10 M C A B  
16X 0.23±0.05  
8
5
16X 0.40±0.10  
BOTTOM VIEW  
TOP VIEW  
4
SEE DETAIL “X”  
0.10 C  
C
0.75 ±0.05  
0.08 C  
SIDE VIEW  
(12X 0.50)  
(2.80 TYP) ( 1.60)  
(16X 0.23)  
5
0 . 2 REF  
C
(16X 0.60)  
0 . 02 NOM.  
0 . 05 MAX.  
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN  
DETAIL "X"  
NOTES:  
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.  
Dimensions in ( ) for Reference Only.  
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to ASME Y14.5m-1994.  
3.  
Unless otherwise specified, tolerance : Decimal ± 0.05  
4. Dimension applies to the metallized terminal and is measured  
between 0.15mm and 0.25mm from the terminal tip.  
Tiebar shown (if present) is a non-functional feature.  
5.  
6.  
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be  
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be  
either a mold or mark feature.  
JEDEC reference drawing: MO-220 WEED.  
7.  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 19 of 21  
ISL78233, ISL78234  
For the most recent package outline drawing, see L16.5x5D.  
L16.5x5D  
16 LEAD QUAD FLAT NO-LEAD PLASTIC PACKAGE (PUNCH QFN WITH WETTABLE FLANK)  
Rev 2, 5/14  
0.10 M C A B  
PIN 1 ID  
2.8  
(2X)  
0.10 C A  
0.60 MAX. (4X)  
0.60 MAX. (4X)  
A
5.00  
4.75  
R0.20  
16  
16  
(2X)  
0.10 C B  
0.45  
0.10 M C B A  
1
2
3
1
2
3
5
5.00  
0.50 DIA  
2.8  
4.75  
(0.70)  
C C  
(2X)  
(2X)  
0.10 C B  
0.10 C A  
0.40±0.10  
0.15±0.10  
B
TOP VIEW  
TERMINAL TIP 4  
(0.70)  
0.30±0.05  
0.10 M C A B  
0.05 M C  
0.80  
BOTTOM VIEW  
5
0.08 C  
// 0.10 C  
0.85 ± 0.05  
+ 0.04  
- 0.01  
0.01  
0.65 ± 0.05  
(0.20)  
0.20  
0.10  
(0.01)  
SEE DETAIL “A”  
4
4
SECTION “C-C”  
SCALE: NONE  
DETAIL “A” (DIMPLE DEPTH)  
SCALE: NONE  
12° MAX  
SEATING PLANE  
C
SIDE VIEW  
NOTES:  
1. Dimensions are in millimeters.  
12X (0.80)  
Dimensions in ( ) are for Reference Only.  
2. Dimensioning and tolerancing conform to AMSE Y14.5m-1994.  
3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerance: Decimal ± 0.05  
(2.80) SQ  
(4.80) SQ  
4. Dimension applies to the plated terminal and is measured  
between 0.15mm and 0.30mm from the terminal tip.  
16X (0.30)  
The configuration of the pin #1 identifier is optional, but must be  
located within the zone indicated. The pin #1 identifier may be  
either a mold or mark feature.  
5.  
16X (0.60)  
TYPICAL RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN  
Reference document: JEDEC M0220.  
6.  
FN8359 Rev 8.00  
Apr 19, 2018  
Page 20 of 21  
Notice  
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