LM34A [NSC]
Precision Fahrenheit Temperature Sensors; 精密华氏温度传感器
| 型号： | LM34A |
| 厂家： | 
National Semiconductor |
| 描述： | Precision Fahrenheit Temperature Sensors |
| 文件： | 总10页 (文件大小：235K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
December 1994
LM34/LM34A/LM34C/LM34CA/LM34D
Precision Fahrenheit Temperature Sensors
General Description
The LM34 series are precision integrated-circuit tempera-
ture sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to
the Fahrenheit temperature. The LM34 thus has an advan-
tage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in degrees
Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large con-
stant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Fahren-
heit scaling. The LM34 does not require any external cali-
while the LM34C, LM34CA and LM34D are also available in
the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM34D is also
available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package.
The LM34 is a complement to the LM35 (Centigrade) tem-
perature sensor.
Features
Y
g
bration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of (/2 F at
b
§
room temperature and 1(/2 F over a full 50 to 300 F
Calibrated directly in degrees Fahrenheit
a
g
§
§
Y
a
Linear 10.0 mV/ F scale factor
1.0 F accuracy guaranteed (at 77 F)
§
temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and
calibration at the wafer level. The LM34’s low output imped-
ance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration make
interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It
can be used with single power supplies or with plus and
minus supplies. As it draws only 75 mA from its supply, it has
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
a
§
§
b
a
Rated for full 50 to 300 F range
§
§
Suitable for remote applications
Low cost due to wafer-level trimming
Operates from 5 to 30 volts
very low self-heating, less than 0.2 F in still air. The LM34 is
§
50 to
Less than 90 mA current drain
b
a
range, while the LM34C is rated for a 40 to
rated to operate over
a
300 F temperature
a
230 F
§
§
Low self-heating, 0.18 F in still air
§
b
range (0 F with improved accuracy). The LM34 series is
§
§
g
Nonlinearity only 0.5 F typical
§
§
available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages,
Low-impedance output, 0.4X for 1 mA load
Connection Diagrams
TO-46
Metal Can Package*
TO-92
Plastic Package
SO-8
Small Outline Molded Package
TL/H/6685–1
TL/H/6685–2
*Case is connected to negative pin (GND).
Order Numbers LM34H, LM34AH,
LM34CH, LM34CAH or LM34DH
See NS Package Number H03H
Order Number LM34CZ,
LM34CAZ or LM34DZ
See NS Package Number Z03A
TL/H/6685–20
Top View
e
N.C.
No Connection
Order Number LM34DM
See NS Package Number M08A
Typical Applications
TL/H/6685–3
FIGURE 1. Basic Fahrenheit Temperature Sensor
a
5 to 300 F)
a
(
§
§
TL/H/6685–4
FIGURE 2. Full-Range Fahrenheit Temperature Sensor
TRI-STATEÉ is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
C
1995 National Semiconductor Corporation
TL/H/6685
RRD-B30M75/Printed in U. S. A.
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Note 10)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales
Office/Distributors for availability and specifications.
Lead Temp.
TO-46 Package (Soldering, 10 seconds)
TO-92 Package (Soldering, 10 seconds)
a
a
300 C
§
260 C
§
a
b
35V to 0.2V
Supply Voltage
Output Voltage
Output Current
SO Package (Note 12):
Vapor Phase (60 seconds)
Infrared (15 seconds)
215 C
§
a
b
6V to 1.0V
220 C
§
10 mA
Specified Operating Temp. Range (Note 2)
Storage Temperature,
TO-46 Package
TO-92 Package
SO-8 Package
T
to T
MAX
MIN
b
b
a
76 F to 356 F
§
§
§
b
b
a
a
50 F to 300 F
LM34, LM34A
LM34C, LM34CA
LM34D
§
§
a
76 F to 300 F
§
a
40 F to 230 F
§
§
b
a
65 C to 150 C
§
§
800V
a
32 F to 212 F
§
§
ESD Susceptibility (Note 11)
DC Electrical Characteristics (Note 1, Note 6)
LM34A
LM34CA
Tested Design
Limit Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
Tested Design
Limit Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
Parameter
Conditions
Units
(Max)
Typical
Typical
e a
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Accuracy (Note 7)
T
T
T
T
77 F
§
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.8
1.0
F
F
F
F
§
A
A
A
A
e
e
e
g
g
0 F
2.0
§
§
g
g
g
T
MAX
2.0
2.0
2.0
§
§
§
§
T
MIN
3.0
0.6
9.9,
s
s
g
a
g
g
a
g
a
a
Nonlinearity (Note 8)
T
T
T
T
T
0.35
10.0
0.7
0.30
10.0
F
MIN
MIN
A
A
MAX
s
s
a
Sensor Gain
(Average Slope)
T
9.9,
10.1
mV/ F, min
MAX
a
10.1 mV/ F, max
§
mV/mA
mV/mA
e a
s
g
g
g
g
Load Regulation
(Note 3)
T
T
0
77 F
§
0.4
0.5
1.0
0.4
0.5
1.0
A
s
1 mA
g
g
g
g
g
T
T
MAX
3.0
0.1
3.0
0.1
MIN
A
s
s
I
L
e a
s
g
g
g
g
0.05
Line Regulation (Note 3)
T
A
5V
77 F
§
0.01
0.02
0.05
0.01
0.02
mV/V
mV/V
s
g
g
g
V
S
30V
e a
e a
e a
e a
a
5V, 77 F
Quiescent Current
(Note 9)
V
S
75
90
92
75
90
92
mA
mA
mA
mA
§
V
V
V
5V
30V, 77 F
30V
131
76
132
160
163
116
76
117
139
142
S
S
S
a
§
s
V
S
s
s
a
30V, 77 F
30V
a
0.5
Change of Quiescent
Current (Note 3)
4V
5V
2.0
0.5
1.0
2.0
mA
mA
§
s
a
V
S
1.0
3.0
3.0
Temperature Coefficient
of Quiescent Current
a
a
a
a
0.5
0.30
0.5
0.30
mA/ F
§
Minimum Temperature
for Rated Accuracy
In circuit ofFigure 1,
e
a
a
a
a
5.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
F
§
I
0
L
e
g
g
0.16
Long-Term Stability
T
j
T for 1000 hours
MAX
0.16
F
§
s
s
s
s
a
j
b
e a
a
b
Note 1: Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply: 50 F
s
T
300 F for the LM34 and LM34A; 40 F
§
T
230 F for the LM34C and
§
§
5 Vdc and I
§
j
s
s
s
T
j
a
LM34CA; and 32 F
300 F. These specifications also apply from 5 F to T
a
e
in the circuit of Figure 1.
a
T
j
212 F for the LM34D. V
50 mA in the circuit of Figure 2; 6 Vdc for LM34 and LM34A for 230 F
§
§
§
S
LOAD
a
§
§
MAX
Note 2: Thermal resistance of the TO-46 package is 720 F/W junction to ambient and 43 F/W junction to case. Thermal resistance of the TO-92 package is
§
§
324 F/W junction to ambient. Thermal resistance of the small outline molded package is 400 F/W junction to ambient. For additional thermal resistance informa-
§
§
tion see table in the Typical Applications section.
Note 3: Regulation is measured at constant junction temperature using pulse testing with a low duty cycle. Changes in output due to heating effects can be
computed by multiplying the internal dissipation by the thermal resistance.
Note 4: Tested limits are guaranteed and 100% tested in production.
Note 5: Design limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the indicated temperature and supply voltage ranges. These limits are not used to
calculate outgoing quality levels.
Note 6: Specification in BOLDFACE TYPE apply over the full rated temperature range.
Note 7: Accuracy is defined as the error between the output voltage and 10 mV/ F times the device’s case temperature at specified conditions of voltage, current,
§
and temperature (expressed in F).
§
Note 8: Nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of the output-voltage-versus-temperature curve from the best-fit straight line over the device’s rated temperature
range.
Note 9: Quiescent current is defined in the circuit of Figure 1.
Note 10: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when
operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions (see Note 1).
Note 11: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kX resistor.
Note 12: See AN-450 ‘‘Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability’’ or the section titled ‘‘Surface Mount’’ found in a current National
Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices.
2
DC Electrical Characteristics (Note 1, Note 6) (Continued)
LM34
LM34C, LM34D
Tested Design
Limit Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
Tested Design
Parameter
Conditions
Units
(Max)
Typical
Typical
Limit
Limit
(Note 4) (Note 5)
e a
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
Accuracy, LM34, LM34C
(Note 7)
T
T
T
T
77 F
§
0.8
1.0
1.6
1.6
2.0
3.0
0.8
1.0
1.6
1.6
2.0
3.0
F
§
§
§
§
A
A
A
A
e
e
e
g
g
g
0 F
§
MAX
3.0
3.0
4.0
F
T
F
g
T
MIN
3.0
F
e a
g
g
g
Accuracy, LM34D
(Note 7)
T
A
T
A
T
A
77 F
1.2
1.8
1.8
F
§
MAX
§
§
§
e
g
g
T
4.0
4.0
F
e
T
MIN
F
s
s
g
g
g
g
a
Nonlinearity (Note 8)
T
T
T
T
T
0.6
1.0
0.4
1.0
F
§
MIN
MIN
A
MAX
s
s
a
a
a
10.0
Sensor Gain
T
10.0
9.8,
9.8, mV/ F, min
§
§
A
MAX
a
a
(Average Slope)
10.2
10.2 mV/ F, max
e a
s
g
g
g
g
g
Load Regulation
(Note 3)
T
T
0
77 F
§
A
0.4
2.5
0.4
2.5
0.1
mV/mA
A
s
a
g
g
g
g
g
T
150 F
§
0.5
6.0
0.2
0.5
6.0
0.2
mV/mA
MIN
s
s
1 mA
I
L
e a
s
g
g
g
0.01
Line Regulation (Note 3)
T
A
77 F
§
0.01
0.1
mV/V
mV/V
s
g
g
g
5V
V
S
30V
0.02
0.02
e a
e a
e a
e a
a
5V, 77 F
Quiescent Current
(Note 9)
V
S
75
100
103
75
100
103
mA
mA
mA
mA
§
V
S
V
S
V
S
5V
a
30V, 77 F
131
76
176
181
116
76
154
159
§
30V
132
117
s
V
S
s
s
a
30V, 77 F
a
0.5
Change of Quiescent
Current (Note 3)
4V
5V
3.0
0.5
3.0
mA
mA
§
s
a
V
S
30V
1.0
5.0
1.0
5.0
Temperature Coefficient
of Quiescent Current
a
a
a
a
0.7
0.30
0.7
0.30
mA/ F
§
Minimum Temperature
for Rated Accuracy
In circuit ofFigure 1,
e
a
a
a
a
5.0
3.0
5.0
3.0
F
§
I
0
L
e
g
g
0.16
Long-Term Stability
T
j
T for 1000 hours
MAX
0.16
F
§
3
Typical Performance Characteristics
Thermal Resistance
Junction to Air
Thermal Response in
Still Air
Thermal Time Constant
e
TL/H/6685–5
Noise Voltage
Start-Up Response
TL/H/6685–21
4
Typical Applications
The LM34 can be applied easily in the same way as other
integrated-circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or
cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within
used to insure that moisture cannot corrode the LM34 or its
connections.
These devices are sometimes soldered to a small, light-
weight heat fin to decrease the thermal time constant and
speed up the response in slowly-moving air. On the other
hand, a small thermal mass may be added to the sensor to
give the steadiest reading despite small deviations in the air
temperature.
about 0.02 F of the surface temperature. This presumes
§
that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the
surface temperature; if the air temperature were much high-
er or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temper-
ature of the LM34 die would be at an intermediate tempera-
ture between the surface temperature and the air tempera-
ture. This is expecially true for the TO-92 plastic package,
where the copper leads are the principal thermal path to
carry heat into the device, so its temperature might be clos-
er to the air temperature than to the surface temperature.
Capacitive Loads
Like most micropower circuits, the LM34 has a limited ability
to drive heavy capacitive loads. The LM34 by itself is able to
drive 50 pF without special precautions. If heavier loads are
anticipated, it is easy to isolate or decouple the load with a
resistor; see Figure 3. Or you can improve the tolerance of
To minimize this problem, be sure that the wiring to the
LM34, as it leaves the device, is held at the same tempera-
ture as the surface of interest. The easiest way to do this is
to cover up these wires with a bead of epoxy which will
insure that the leads and wires are all at the same tempera-
ture as the surface, and that the LM34 die’s temperature will
not be affected by the air temperature.
capacitance with
a series R-C damper from output to
ground; see Figure 4. When the LM34 is applied with a
499X load resistor (as shown), it is relatively immune to
wiring capacitance because the capacitance forms a bypass
from ground to input, not on the output. However, as with
any linear circuit connected to wires in a hostile environ-
ment, its performance can be affected adversely by intense
electromagnetic sources such as relays, radio transmitters,
motors with arcing brushes, SCR’s transients, etc., as its
wiring can act as a receiving antenna and its internal junc-
tions can act as rectifiers. For best results in such cases, a
The TO-46 metal package can also be soldered to a metal
surface or pipe without damage. Of course in that case, the
V
terminal of the circuit will be grounded to that metal.
b
Alternatively, the LM34 can be mounted inside a sealed-end
metal tube, and can then be dipped into a bath or screwed
into a threaded hole in a tank. As with any IC, the LM34 and
accompanying wiring and circuits must be kept insulated
and dry, to avoid leakage and corrosion. This is especially
true if the circuit may operate at cold temperatures where
condensation can occur. Printed-circuit coatings and var-
nishes such as Humiseal and epoxy paints or dips are often
bypass capacitor from V to ground and a series R-C
IN
damper such as 75X in series with 0.2 or 1 mF from output
to ground are often useful. These are shown in the following
circuits.
Temperature Sensor,
b
a
Single Supply, 50 to 300 F
§
§
TL/H/6685–7
FIGURE 3. LM34 with Decoupling from Capacitive Load
TL/H/6685–6
TL/H/6685–8
FIGURE 4. LM34 with R-C Damper
Temperature Rise of LM34 Due to Self-Heating (Thermal Resistance)
TO-46,
TO-46,
TO-92,
TO-92,
SO-8
SO-8
Conditions
Still air
No Heat Sink Small Heat Fin* No Heat Sink Small Heat Fin** No Heat Sink Small Heat Fin**
720 F/W
§
180 F/W
§
324 F/W
§
252 F/W
§
400 F/W
§
190 F/W
§
200 F/W
§
160 F/W
§
Moving air
180 F/W
§
72 F/W
§
162 F/W
§
126 F/W
§
Still oil
180 F/W
§
72 F/W
§
162 F/W
§
126 F/W
§
Stirred oil
90 F/W
§
54 F/W
§
81 F/W
§
72 F/W
§
(Clamped to metal,
infinite heat sink)
(43 F/W)
§
(95 F/W)
§
*Wakefield type 201 or 1 disc of 0.020 sheet brass, soldered to case, or similar.
×
×
**TO-92 and SO-8 packages glued and leads soldered to 1 square of (/16 printed circuit board with 2 oz copper foil, or similar.
×
×
5
Typical Applications (Continued)
Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Grounded Sensor)
Two-Wire Remote Temperature Sensor
(Output Referred to Ground)
a
3 F)
§
100 F
§
mV/ F (T
§
F TO
A
a
TL/H/6685–9
TL/H/6685–10
4-to-20 mA Current Source
a
(0 to 100 F)
Fahrenheit Thermometer
(Analog Meter)
§
TL/H/6685–12
TL/H/6685–11
Expanded Scale Thermometer
(50 to 80 Fahrenheit, for Example Shown)
Temperature-to-Digital Converter
a
(Serial Output, 128 F Full Scale)
§
§
§
TL/H/6685–14
TL/H/6685–13
6
Typical Applications (Continued)
LM34 with Voltage-to-Frequency Converter and Isolated Output
a
(3 F to
§
300 F; 30 Hz to 3000 Hz)
§
TL/H/6685–15
Bar-Graph Temperature Display
(Dot Mode)
TL/H/6685–16
e
*
1% or 2% film resistor
e
e
e
ÐTrim R for V
B
3.525V
2.725V
0.085V
B
C
A
ÐTrim R for V
C
a
c
T
ÐTrim R for V
A
40 mV/ F
§
AMBIENT
e
ÐExample, V
3.285V at 80 F
§
A
7
Typical Applications (Continued)
Temperature-to-Digital Converter
(Parallel TRI-STATE Outputs for Standard Data Bus to mP Interface, 128 F Full Scale)
É
§
TL/H/6685–17
Temperature Controller
TL/H/6685–18
Block Diagram
TL/H/6685–19
8
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters)
Order Number LM34H, LM34AH, LM34CH,
LM34CAH or LM34DH
NS Package H03H
Order Number LM34DM
NS Package Number M08A
9
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) (Continued)
Order Number LM34CZ, LM34CAZ or LM34DZ
NS Package Z03A
LIFE SUPPORT POLICY
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DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL
SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein:
1. Life support devices or systems are devices or
systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant
into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose
failure to perform, when properly used in accordance
with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can
be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury
to the user.
2. A critical component is any component of a life
support device or system whose failure to perform can
be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life
support device or system, or to affect its safety or
effectiveness.
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