PIC18F66J10T-I/PTSQTP [MICROCHIP]
64/80-Pin, High-Performance 1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology; 八十〇分之六十四引脚，高性能的1兆位闪存微控制器采用纳瓦技术
| 型号： | PIC18F66J10T-I/PTSQTP |
| 厂家： | 
MICROCHIP |
| 描述： | 64/80-Pin, High-Performance 1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers with nanoWatt Technology |
| 文件： | 总410页 (文件大小：7111K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
PIC18F87J10 Family
Data Sheet
64/80-Pin, High-Performance
1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers
with nanoWatt Technology
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F
Note the following details of the code protection feature on Microchip devices:
•
Microchip products meet the specification contained in their particular Microchip Data Sheet.
•
Microchip believes that its family of products is one of the most secure families of its kind on the market today, when used in the
intended manner and under normal conditions.
•
There are dishonest and possibly illegal methods used to breach the code protection feature. All of these methods, to our
knowledge, require using the Microchip products in a manner outside the operating specifications contained in Microchip’s Data
Sheets. Most likely, the person doing so is engaged in theft of intellectual property.
•
•
Microchip is willing to work with the customer who is concerned about the integrity of their code.
Neither Microchip nor any other semiconductor manufacturer can guarantee the security of their code. Code protection does not
mean that we are guaranteeing the product as “unbreakable.”
Code protection is constantly evolving. We at Microchip are committed to continuously improving the code protection features of our
products. Attempts to break Microchip’s code protection feature may be a violation of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. If such acts
allow unauthorized access to your software or other copyrighted work, you may have a right to sue for relief under that Act.
Information contained in this publication regarding device
applications and the like is provided only for your convenience
and may be superseded by updates. It is your responsibility to
ensure that your application meets with your specifications.
MICROCHIP MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR
WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WRITTEN OR ORAL, STATUTORY OR
OTHERWISE, RELATED TO THE INFORMATION,
INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ITS CONDITION,
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE, MERCHANTABILITY OR
FITNESS FOR PURPOSE. Microchip disclaims all liability
arising from this information and its use. Use of Microchip
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the buyer’s risk, and the buyer agrees to defend, indemnify and
hold harmless Microchip from any and all damages, claims,
suits, or expenses resulting from such use. No licenses are
conveyed, implicitly or otherwise, under any Microchip
intellectual property rights.
Trademarks
The Microchip name and logo, the Microchip logo, dsPIC,
KEELOQ, KEELOQ logo, MPLAB, PIC, PICmicro, PICSTART,
rfPIC and UNI/O are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A. and other countries.
FilterLab, Hampshire, HI-TECH C, Linear Active Thermistor,
MXDEV, MXLAB, SEEVAL and The Embedded Control
Solutions Company are registered trademarks of Microchip
Technology Incorporated in the U.S.A.
Analog-for-the-Digital Age, Application Maestro, CodeGuard,
dsPICDEM, dsPICDEM.net, dsPICworks, dsSPEAK, ECAN,
ECONOMONITOR, FanSense, HI-TIDE, In-Circuit Serial
Programming, ICSP, Mindi, MiWi, MPASM, MPLAB Certified
logo, MPLIB, MPLINK, mTouch, Octopus, Omniscient Code
Generation, PICC, PICC-18, PICDEM, PICDEM.net, PICkit,
32
PICtail, PIC logo, REAL ICE, rfLAB, Select Mode, Total
Endurance, TSHARC, UniWinDriver, WiperLock and ZENA
are trademarks of Microchip Technology Incorporated in the
U.S.A. and other countries.
SQTP is a service mark of Microchip Technology Incorporated
in the U.S.A.
All other trademarks mentioned herein are property of their
respective companies.
© 2009, Microchip Technology Incorporated, Printed in the
U.S.A., All Rights Reserved.
Printed on recycled paper.
Microchip received ISO/TS-16949:2002 certification for its worldwide
headquarters, design and wafer fabrication facilities in Chandler and
Tempe, Arizona; Gresham, Oregon and design centers in California
and India. The Company’s quality system processes and procedures
are for its PIC® MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs, KEELOQ® code hopping
devices, Serial EEPROMs, microperipherals, nonvolatile memory and
analog products. In addition, Microchip’s quality system for the design
and manufacture of development systems is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
DS39663F-page ii
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
64/80-Pin, High-Performance, 1-Mbit Flash Microcontrollers
with nanoWatt Technology
Special Microcontroller Features:
Peripheral Highlights:
• Operating Voltage Range: 2.0V to 3.6V
• 5.5V Tolerant Input (digital pins only)
• On-Chip 2.5V Regulator
• High-Current Sink/Source 25 mA/25 mA
(PORTB and PORTC)
• Four Programmable External Interrupts
• Four Input Change Interrupts
• Low-Power, High-Speed CMOS Flash Technology
• C Compiler Optimized Architecture:
• Two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules
• Three Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)
modules:
- Optional extended instruction set designed to
optimize re-entrant code
- One, two or four PWM outputs
- Selectable polarity
• Priority Levels for Interrupts
• 8 x 8 Single-Cycle Hardware Multiplier
• Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT):
- Programmable period from 4 ms to 131s
- Programmable dead time
- Auto-shutdown and auto-restart
• Two Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP)
modules Supporting 3-Wire SPI (all 4 modes) and
I2C™ Master and Slave modes
• Single-Supply In-Circuit Serial Programming™
(ICSP™) via Two Pins
• In-Circuit Debug (ICD) with Three Break points via
Two Pins
• Two Enhanced Addressable USART modules:
- Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN/2602
- Auto-wake-up on Start bit
• Power-Managed modes:
- Run: CPU on, peripherals on
- Idle: CPU off, peripherals on
- Sleep: CPU off, peripherals off
• Flash Program Memory:
- Auto-Baud Detect (ABD)
• 10-Bit, up to 15-Channel Analog-to-Digital
Converter module (A/D):
- Auto-acquisition capability
- 1000 erase/write cycle endurance typical
- 20 year retention minimum
- Conversion available during Sleep
- Self-calibration feature
- Self-write capability during normal operation
• Dual Analog Comparators with Input Multiplexing
Flexible Oscillator Structure:
External Memory Bus
(PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 only):
• Two Crystal modes, up to 40 MHz
• 4x Phase Lock Loop (PLL)
• Address Capability of up to 2 Mbytes
• 8-Bit or 16-Bit Interface
• Two External Clock modes, up to 40 MHz
• Internal 31 kHz Oscillator
• 12-Bit, 16-Bit and 20-Bit Addressing modes
• Secondary Oscillator using Timer1 @ 32 kHz
• Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor:
- Allows for safe shutdown if peripheral clock stops
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 1
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Program Memory
SRAM Data
MSSP
SPI
CCP/
ECCP
(PWM)
10-Bit
A/D (ch)
Device
Memory
(bytes)
I/O
Flash # Single-Word
(bytes) Instructions
Master
I C™
2
PIC18F65J10
PIC18F65J15
PIC18F66J10
PIC18F66J15
32K
48K
64K
96K
16384
24576
32768
49152
65536
16384
24576
32768
49152
65536
2048
2048
2048
3936
3936
2048
2048
2048
3936
3936
50
50
50
50
50
66
66
66
66
66
11
11
11
11
11
15
15
15
15
15
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
2/3
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
PIC18F67J10 128K
PIC18F85J10
PIC18F85J15
PIC18F86J10
PIC18F86J15
32K
48K
64K
96K
PIC18F87J10 128K
Pin Diagrams
64-Pin TQFP
Pins are up to 5.5V tolerant
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
40
39
38
37
36
35
34
33
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB1/INT1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
RE1/WR/P2C
RE0/RD/P2D
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG3/CCP4/P3D
MCLR
RB2/INT2
RB3/INT3
RB4/KBI0
RB5/KBI1
RB6/KBI2/PGC
VSS
PIC18F6XJ10
PIC18F6XJ15
RG4/CCP5/P1D
VSS
9
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
VDD
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RC5/SDO1
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
VDDCORE/VCAP
RF7/SS1
RF6/AN11
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
Note 1: The ECCP2/P2A pin placement depends on the setting of the CCP2MX Configuration bit.
DS39663F-page 2
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Pin Diagrams (Continued)
Pins are up to 5.5V tolerant
80-Pin TQFP
RH2/A18
1
RJ2/WRL
60
RH3/A19
RJ3/WRH
2
59
RB0/INT0/FLT0
58
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C
3
RB1/INT1
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D
57
4
RB2/INT2
56
RB3/INT3/ECCP2(1)/P2A(1)
55
RB4/KBI0
54
RG2/RX2/DT2
7
RB5/KBI1
RG3/CCP4/P3D
53
8
RB6/KBI2/PGC
52
MCLR
9
PIC18F8XJ10
PIC18F8XJ15
RG4/CCP5/P1D
VSS
51
50
49
48
47
46
45
44
43
42
41
10
VSS
11
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
VDD
VDDCORE/VCAP
12
RF7/SS1
13
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RC5/SDO1
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RF6/AN11
14
RF5/AN10/CVREF
15
RF4/AN9
16
RF3/AN8
17
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
18
RH7/AN15/P1B(2)
19
RJ7/UB
RJ6/LB
RH6/AN14/P1C(2)
20
Note 1: The ECCP2/P2A pin placement depends on the setting of the CCP2MX Configuration bit and the program memory mode.
2: P1B, P1C, P3B and P3C pin placement depends on the setting of the ECCPMX Configuration bit.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 3
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Table of Contents
1.0 Device Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5
2.0 Guidelines for Getting Started with PIC18FJ Microcontrollers ................................................................................................... 27
3.0 Oscillator Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................ 31
4.0 Power-Managed Modes ............................................................................................................................................................. 39
5.0 Reset.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 47
6.0 Memory Organization................................................................................................................................................................. 59
7.0 Flash Program Memory.............................................................................................................................................................. 85
8.0 External Memory Bus................................................................................................................................................................. 95
9.0 8 x 8 Hardware Multiplier.......................................................................................................................................................... 107
10.0 Interrupts .................................................................................................................................................................................. 109
11.0 I/O Ports ................................................................................................................................................................................... 125
12.0 Timer0 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 151
13.0 Timer1 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 155
14.0 Timer2 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 161
15.0 Timer3 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 163
16.0 Timer4 Module ......................................................................................................................................................................... 167
17.0 Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) Modules ................................................................................................................................. 169
18.0 Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) Module................................................................................................................ 177
19.0 Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module .................................................................................................................... 193
20.0 Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (EUSART)............................................................... 239
21.0 10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (A/D) Module ..................................................................................................................... 261
22.0 Comparator Module.................................................................................................................................................................. 271
23.0 Comparator Voltage Reference Module................................................................................................................................... 277
24.0 Special Features of the CPU.................................................................................................................................................... 281
25.0 Instruction Set Summary.......................................................................................................................................................... 293
26.0 Development Support............................................................................................................................................................... 343
27.0 Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................................................... 347
28.0 Packaging Information.............................................................................................................................................................. 385
Appendix A: Migration Between High-End Device Families............................................................................................................... 391
Appendix B: Revision History............................................................................................................................................................. 393
Index .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 395
The Microchip Web Site..................................................................................................................................................................... 405
Customer Change Notification Service .............................................................................................................................................. 405
Customer Support.............................................................................................................................................................................. 405
Reader Response .............................................................................................................................................................................. 406
Product Identification System............................................................................................................................................................. 407
TO OUR VALUED CUSTOMERS
It is our intention to provide our valued customers with the best documentation possible to ensure successful use of your Microchip
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Errata
An errata sheet, describing minor operational differences from the data sheet and recommended workarounds, may exist for current
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DS39663F-page 4
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The internal oscillator block provides a stable reference
source that gives the family additional features for
robust operation:
1.0
DEVICE OVERVIEW
This document contains device specific information for
the following devices:
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor: This option constantly
monitors the main clock source against a reference
signal provided by the internal oscillator. If a clock
failure occurs, the controller is switched to the
internal oscillator, allowing for continued low-speed
operation or a safe application shutdown.
• PIC18F65J10
• PIC18F65J15
• PIC18F66J10
• PIC18F66J15
• PIC18F67J10
• PIC18F85J10
• PIC18F85J15
• PIC18F86J10
• PIC18F86J15
• PIC18F87J10
• Two-Speed Start-up: This option allows the
internal oscillator to serve as the clock source
from Power-on Reset, or wake-up from Sleep
mode, until the primary clock source is available.
This family introduces a new line of low-voltage devices
with the main traditional advantage of all PIC18 micro-
controllers – namely, high computational performance
and a rich feature set – at an extremely competitive
price point. These features make the PIC18F87J10
family a logical choice for many high-performance
applications where cost is a primary consideration.
1.1.3
EXPANDED MEMORY
The PIC18F87J10 family provides ample room for
application code, from 32 Kbytes to 128 Kbytes of code
space. The Flash cells for program memory are rated
to last up to 100 erase/write cycles. The PIC18F87J10
family also provides plenty of room for dynamic
application data, with up to 3936 bytes of data RAM.
1.1
Core Features
1.1.1
nanoWatt TECHNOLOGY
1.1.4
EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS
All of the devices in the PIC18F87J10 family incorporate
a range of features that can significantly reduce power
consumption during operation. Key items include:
In the unlikely event that 128 Kbytes of memory are
inadequate for an application, the 80-pin members of
the PIC18F87J10 family also implement an external
memory bus. This allows the controller’s internal
program counter to address a memory space of up to
2 Mbytes, permitting a level of data access that few
8-bit devices can claim. This allows additional memory
options, including:
• Alternate Run Modes: By clocking the controller
from the Timer1 source or the internal RC oscilla-
tor, power consumption during code execution
can be reduced by as much as 90%.
• Multiple Idle Modes: The controller can also run
with its CPU core disabled but the peripherals still
active. In these states, power consumption can be
reduced even further, to as little as 4% of normal
operation requirements.
• Using combinations of on-chip and external
memory up to the 2-Mbyte limit
• Using external Flash memory for reprogrammable
application code or large data tables
• On-the-Fly Mode Switching: The
power-managed modes are invoked by user code
during operation, allowing the user to incorporate
power-saving ideas into their application’s
software design.
• Using external RAM devices for storing large
amounts of variable data
1.1.5
EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET
The PIC18F87J10 family implements the optional
extension to the PIC18 instruction set, adding 8 new
instructions and an Indexed Addressing mode.
Enabled as a device configuration option, the extension
has been specifically designed to optimize re-entrant
application code originally developed in high-level
languages, such as ‘C’.
1.1.2
OSCILLATOR OPTIONS AND
FEATURES
All of the devices in the PIC18F87J10 family offer five
different oscillator options, allowing users a range of
choices in developing application hardware. These
include:
• Two Crystal modes, using crystals or ceramic
resonators.
• Two External Clock modes, offering the option of
a divide-by-4 clock output.
• A Phase Lock Loop (PLL) frequency multiplier,
available to the external oscillator modes which
allows clock speeds of up to 40 MHz.
• An internal RC oscillator with a fixed 31-kHz
output which provides an extremely low-power
option for timing-insensitive applications.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 5
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
1.1.6
EASY MIGRATION
1.3
Details on Individual Family
Members
Regardless of the memory size, all devices share the
same rich set of peripherals, allowing for a smooth
migration path as applications grow and evolve.
Devices in the PIC18F87J10 family are available in
64-pin and 80-pin packages. Block diagrams for the
two groups are shown in Figure 1-1 and Figure 1-2.
The consistent pinout scheme used throughout the
entire family also aids in migrating to the next larger
device. This is true when moving between the 64-pin
members, between the 80-pin members, or even
jumping from 64-pin to 80-pin devices.
The devices are differentiated from each other in four
ways:
1. Flash program memory (six sizes, ranging from
32 Kbytes for PIC18FX5J10 devices to
128 Kbytes for PIC18FX7J10).
The PIC18F87J10 family is also pin compatible with
other PIC18 families, such as the PIC18F8720 and
PIC18F8722. This allows a new dimension to the
evolution of applications, allowing developers to select
different price points within Microchip’s PIC18 portfolio,
while maintaining the same feature set.
2. Data
RAM
(2048
bytes
for
PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 devices, 3936
bytes for PIC18FX6J15/X7J10 devices).
3. A/D channels (11 for 64-pin devices, 15 for
80-pin devices).
4. I/O ports (7 bidirectional ports on 64-pin devices,
9 bidirectional ports on 80-pin devices).
1.2
Other Special Features
• Communications: The PIC18F87J10 family
incorporates a range of serial communication
peripherals, including 2 independent Enhanced
USARTs and 2 Master SSP modules, capable of
both SPI and I2C™ (Master and Slave) modes of
operation. In addition, one of the general purpose
I/O ports can be reconfigured as an 8-bit Parallel
Slave Port for direct processor-to-processor
communications.
All other features for devices in this family are identical.
These are summarized in Table 1-1 and Table 1-2.
The pinouts for all devices are listed in Table 1-3 and
Table 1-4.
• CCP Modules: All devices in the family incorporate
two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules and
three Enhanced CCP modules to maximize
flexibility in control applications. Up to four different
time bases may be used to perform several
different operations at once. Each of the three
ECCPs offers up to four PWM outputs, allowing for
a total of 12 PWMs. The ECCPs also offer many
beneficial features, including polarity selection,
programmable dead time, auto-shutdown and
restart and Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Output
modes.
• 10-Bit A/D Converter: This module incorporates
programmable acquisition time, allowing for a
channel to be selected and a conversion to be
initiated without waiting for a sampling period and
thus, reducing code overhead.
• Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT): This
enhanced version incorporates a 16-bit prescaler,
allowing an extended time-out range that is stable
across operating voltage and temperature. See
Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for
time-out periods.
DS39663F-page 6
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-1:
DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (64-PIN DEVICES)
Features
PIC18F65J10 PIC18F65J15 PIC18F66J10 PIC18F66J15 PIC18F67J10
Operating Frequency
Program Memory (Bytes)
Program Memory (Instructions)
Data Memory (Bytes)
Interrupt Sources
DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz
32K
16384
2048
48K
24576
2048
64K
96K
49152
3936
128K
65536
3936
32768
2048
27
I/O Ports
Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G
Timers
5
2
3
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules
Enhanced Capture/
Compare/PWM Modules
Serial Communications
MSSP (2), Enhanced USART (2)
Parallel Communications (PSP)
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module
Resets (and Delays)
Yes
11 Input Channels
POR, BOR, RESETInstruction, Stack Full, Stack Underflow, MCLR, WDT
(PWRT, OST)
Instruction Set
Packages
75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set enabled
64-pin TQFP
TABLE 1-2:
DEVICE FEATURES FOR THE PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (80-PIN DEVICES)
Features
PIC18F85J10 PIC18F85J15 PIC18F86J10 PIC18F86J15 PIC18F87J10
Operating Frequency
Program Memory (Bytes)
Program Memory (Instructions)
Data Memory (Bytes)
Interrupt Sources
DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz DC – 40 MHz
32K
16384
2048
48K
24576
2048
64K
32768
2048
27
96K
49152
3936
128K
65536
3936
I/O Ports
Ports A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J
Timers
5
2
3
Capture/Compare/PWM Modules
Enhanced Capture/
Compare/PWM Modules
Serial Communications
MSSP (2), Enhanced USART (2)
Yes
Parallel Communications (PSP)
10-Bit Analog-to-Digital Module
Resets (and Delays)
15 Input Channels
POR, BOR, RESETInstruction, Stack Full, Stack Underflow, MCLR, WDT
(PWRT, OST)
Instruction Set
Packages
75 Instructions, 83 with Extended Instruction Set enabled
80-pin TQFP
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 7
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 1-1:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 (64-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data Bus<8>
Table Pointer<21>
inc/dec logic
21
PORTA
Data Latch
8
RA0:RA5(1)
8
Data Memory
(2.0, 3.9
PCLATU PCLATH
Kbytes)
Address Latch
20
PCU PCH PCL
Program Counter
12
PORTB
Data Address<12>
RB0:RB7(1)
31 Level Stack
STKPTR
4
BSR
12
FSR0
FSR1
FSR2
4
Address Latch
Access
Bank
Program Memory
(96 Kbytes)
12
Data Latch
PORTC
RC0:RC7(1)
inc/dec
logic
8
Table Latch
Address
Decode
ROM Latch
IR
Instruction Bus <16>
PORTD
RD0:RD7(1)
8
State Machine
Control Signals
Instruction
Decode and
Control
PRODH PRODL
8 x 8 Multiply
PORTE
RE0:RE7(1)
3
8
Power-up
Timer
Timing
Generation
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
BITOP
8
W
8
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
8
INTRC
Oscillator
PORTF
8
Power-on
Reset
8
RF1:RF7(1)
Precision
Band Gap
Reference
ALU<8>
8
Watchdog
Timer
ENVREG
Brown-out
Reset(2)
Voltage
Regulator
PORTG
RG0:RG4(1)
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDD,VSS
MCLR
ADC
10-Bit
Timer0
ECCP3
Timer1
CCP4
Timer2
CCP5
Timer3
Comparators
Timer4
ECCP1
ECCP2
MSSP1
MSSP2
EUSART1
EUSART2
Note 1: See Table 1-3 for I/O port pin descriptions.
2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.
DS39663F-page 8
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 1-2:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 (80-PIN) BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data Bus<8>
PORTA
Data Latch
Table Pointer<21>
inc/dec logic
8
RA0:RA5(1)
8
Data Memory
(2.0, 3.9
Kbytes)
PCLATH
PCLATU
Address Latch
21
20
PORTB
PCU PCH PCL
Program Counter
RB0:RB7(1)
12
Data Address<12>
31 Level Stack
STKPTR
4
BSR
4
12
FSR0
FSR1
FSR2
Address Latch
PORTC
Access
Bank
Program Memory
(128 Kbytes)
RC0:RC7(1)
12
Data Latch
inc/dec
logic
8
PORTD
Table Latch
ROM Latch
RD0:RD7(1)
Address
Decode
Instruction Bus <16>
PORTE
IR
RE0:RE7(1)
AD15:AD0, A19:A16
(Multiplexed with PORTD,
PORTE and PORTH)
8
PORTF
PRODH PRODL
8 x 8 Multiply
Instruction
Decode &
Control
State Machine
Control Signals
RF1:RF7(1)
3
8
W
BITOP
8
PORTG
8
Power-up
Timer
8
Timing
Generation
OSC2/CLKO
OSC1/CLKI
RG0:RG4(1)
Oscillator
Start-up Timer
8
8
INTRC
Oscillator
ALU<8>
Power-on
Reset
PORTH
8
RH0:RH7(1)
Precision
Band Gap
Reference
Watchdog
Timer
ENVREG
Brown-out
Reset(2)
Voltage
Regulator
PORTJ
RJ0:RJ7(1)
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDD,VSS
Timer1
MCLR
ADC
10-Bit
Timer0
Timer2
Timer3
Comparators
Timer4
ECCP1
ECCP2
ECCP3
CCP4
CCP5
MSSP1
MSSP2
EUSART1
EUSART2
Note 1: See Table 1-4 for I/O port pin descriptions.
2: BOR functionality is provided when the on-board voltage regulator is enabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 9
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
Pin Name
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Number
Pin
Buffer
Type
Description
Type
TQFP
MCLR
7
I
ST
Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset
to the device.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC1
39
40
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.
ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS
otherwise.
I
I
ST
CLKI
CMOS
External clock source input. Always associated
with pin function OSC1. (See related OSC1/CLKI,
OSC2/CLKO pins.)
OSC2/CLKO
OSC2
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
O
O
—
—
Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or
resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.
In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has
1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the
instruction cycle rate.
CLKO
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/AN0
RA0
24
23
22
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 0.
AN0
RA1/AN1
RA1
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 1.
AN1
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA2
I/O
TTL
Digital I/O.
AN2
VREF-
I
I
Analog
Analog
Analog input 2.
A/D reference voltage (low) input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
21
I/O
TTL
Digital I/O.
AN3
VREF+
I
I
Analog
Analog
Analog input 3.
A/D reference voltage (high) input.
RA4/T0CKI
RA4
28
27
I/O
I
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer0 external clock input.
T0CKI
RA5/AN4
RA5
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 4.
AN4
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
DS39663F-page 10
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
TQFP
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB0
48
I/O
I
I
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 0.
ECCP1/2/3 Fault input.
INT0
FLT0
RB1/INT1
RB1
47
46
45
44
43
42
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 1.
INT1
RB2/INT2
RB2
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 2.
INT2
RB3/INT3
RB3
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 3.
INT3
RB4/KBI0
RB4
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
KBI0
RB5/KBI1
RB5
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
KBI1
RB6/KBI2/PGC
RB6
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock
pin.
KBI2
PGC
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RB7
37
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming data pin.
KBI3
PGD
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 11
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
TQFP
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC0
30
29
I/O
O
I
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.
T1OSO
T13CKI
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A
RC1
I/O
I
I/O
O
ST
CMOS
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
ECCP2 PWM output A.
T1OSI
ECCP2(1)
P2A(1)
—
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC2
33
34
35
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1
P1A
Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output.
ECCP1 PWM output A.
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC3
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SCK1
SCL1
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
I2C/SMB
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C™ mode.
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC4
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SPI data in.
I2C data I/O.
SDI1
SDA1
I2C/SMB
RC5/SDO1
RC5
36
31
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
SDO1
RC6/TX1/CK1
RC6
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
TX1
CK1
EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1).
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC7
32
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
RX1
DT1
EUSART1 asynchronous receive.
EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1).
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
DS39663F-page 12
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
TQFP
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.
RD0/PSP0
RD0
58
55
54
53
52
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
PSP0
RD1/PSP1
RD1
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
PSP1
RD2/PSP2
RD2
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
PSP2
RD3/PSP3
RD3
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
PSP3
RD4/PSP4/SDO2
RD4
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI data out.
PSP4
SDO2
RD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2
51
50
49
RD5
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
PSP5
SDI2
SDA2
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI data in.
ST
I/O
I2C/SMB
I2C™ data I/O.
RD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2
RD6
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
PSP6
SCK2
SCL2
ST
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
I2C/SMB
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I2C mode.
RD7/PSP7/SS2
RD7
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI slave select input.
PSP7
SS2
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 13
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
TQFP
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
RE0/RD/P2D
RE0
2
1
I/O
I
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
Read control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM output D.
RD
P2D
RE1/WR/P2C
RE1
I/O
I
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
Write control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM output C.
WR
P2C
RE2/CS/P2B
RE2
64
I/O
I
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM output B.
CS
P2B
RE3/P3C
RE3
63
62
61
60
59
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3 PWM output C.
P3C
RE4/P3B
RE4
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3 PWM output B.
P3B
RE5/P1C
RE5
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1 PWM output C.
P1C
RE6/P1B
RE6
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1 PWM output B.
P1B
RE7/ECCP2/P2A
RE7
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP2(2)
P2A(2)
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
ECCP2 PWM output A.
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
DS39663F-page 14
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
TQFP
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
RF1
17
16
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 6.
Comparator 2 output.
AN6
C2OUT
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF2
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 7.
Comparator 1 output.
AN7
C1OUT
RF3/AN8
RF3
15
14
13
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 8.
AN8
RF4/AN9
RF4
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 9.
AN9
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF5
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 10.
Comparator reference voltage output.
AN10
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF6
12
11
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 11.
AN11
RF7/SS1
RF7
I/O
I
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
SPI slave select input.
SS1
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 15
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-3:
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
TQFP
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG0
3
4
5
6
8
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3
P3A
Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output.
ECCP3 PWM output A.
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG1
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
TX2
CK2
EUSART2 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART2 synchronous clock (see related RX2/DT2).
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG2
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
RX2
DT2
EUSART2 asynchronous receive.
EUSART2 synchronous data (see related TX2/CK2).
RG3/CCP4/P3D
RG3
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
CCP4
P3D
Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output.
ECCP3 PWM output D.
RG4/CCP5/P1D
RG4
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
CCP5
P1D
Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output.
ECCP1 PWM output D.
VSS
9, 25, 41, 56
P
P
P
P
I
—
—
—
—
ST
Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.
Ground reference for analog modules.
Positive supply for analog modules.
VDD
26, 38, 57
AVSS
AVDD
ENVREG
20
19
18
10
Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDDCORE
Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.
Positive supply for microcontroller core logic
(regulator disabled).
P
P
—
—
VCAP
External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is set.
2: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared.
DS39663F-page 16
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
TQFP
MCLR
9
I
ST
Master Clear (Reset) input. This pin is an active-low Reset to
the device.
OSC1/CLKI
OSC1
49
50
Oscillator crystal or external clock input.
Oscillator crystal input or external clock source input.
ST buffer when configured in RC mode; CMOS
otherwise.
I
I
ST
CLKI
CMOS
External clock source input. Always associated with
pin function OSC1. (See related OSC1/CLKI,
OSC2/CLKO pins.)
OSC2/CLKO
OSC2
Oscillator crystal or clock output.
O
O
—
—
Oscillator crystal output. Connects to crystal or
resonator in Crystal Oscillator mode.
In RC mode, OSC2 pin outputs CLKO which has
1/4 the frequency of OSC1 and denotes the
instruction cycle rate.
CLKO
PORTA is a bidirectional I/O port.
RA0/AN0
RA0
30
29
28
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 0.
AN0
RA1/AN1
RA1
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 1.
AN1
RA2/AN2/VREF-
RA2
I/O
TTL
Digital I/O.
AN2
VREF-
I
I
Analog
Analog
Analog input 2.
A/D reference voltage (low) input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
RA3
27
I/O
TTL
Digital I/O.
AN3
VREF+
I
I
Analog
Analog
Analog input 3.
A/D reference voltage (high) input.
RA4/T0CKI
RA4
34
33
I/O
I
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer0 external clock input.
T0CKI
RA5/AN4
RA5
I/O
I
TTL
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 4.
AN4
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 17
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
TQFP
PORTB is a bidirectional I/O port. PORTB can be software
programmed for internal weak pull-ups on all inputs.
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB0
58
I/O
I
I
TTL
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 0.
ECCP1/2/3 Fault input.
INT0
FLT0
RB1/INT1
RB1
57
56
55
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 1.
INT1
RB2/INT2
RB2
I/O
I
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 2.
INT2
RB3/INT3/ECCP2/P2A
RB3
INT3
I/O
I
I/O
O
TTL
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External interrupt 3.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
ECCP2 PWM output A.
(1)
ECCP2
(1)
P2A
RB4/KBI0
RB4
54
53
52
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
KBI0
RB5/KBI1
RB5
I/O
I
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
KBI1
RB6/KBI2/PGC
RB6
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming clock pin.
KBI2
PGC
RB7/KBI3/PGD
RB7
47
I/O
I
I/O
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
Interrupt-on-change pin.
In-Circuit Debugger and ICSP™ programming data pin.
KBI3
PGD
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
DS39663F-page 18
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTC is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI
RC0
36
35
I/O
O
I
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator output.
Timer1/Timer3 external clock input.
T1OSO
T13CKI
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A
RC1
T1OSI
I/O
I
I/O
O
ST
CMOS
ST
Digital I/O.
Timer1 oscillator input.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
ECCP2 PWM output A.
(2)
ECCP2
(2)
P2A
—
RC2/ECCP1/P1A
RC2
43
44
45
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP1
P1A
Capture 1 input/Compare 1 output/PWM 1 output.
ECCP1 PWM output A.
RC3/SCK1/SCL1
RC3
I/O
I/O
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SCK1
SCL1
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I C™ mode.
I/O I2C/SMB
2
RC4/SDI1/SDA1
RC4
I/O
I
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
SDI1
SDA1
SPI data in.
I/O I2C/SMB
I C data I/O.
2
RC5/SDO1
RC5
46
37
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
SPI data out.
SDO1
RC6/TX1/CK1
RC6
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
TX1
CK1
EUSART1 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART1 synchronous clock (see related RX1/DT1).
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC7
38
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
RX1
DT1
EUSART1 asynchronous receive.
EUSART1 synchronous data (see related TX1/CK1).
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 19
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTD is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RD0/AD0/PSP0
RD0
72
69
68
67
66
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 0.
Parallel Slave Port data.
AD0
PSP0
RD1/AD1/PSP1
RD1
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 1.
Parallel Slave Port data.
AD1
PSP1
RD2/AD2/PSP2
RD2
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 2.
Parallel Slave Port data.
AD2
PSP2
RD3/AD3/PSP3
RD3
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 3.
Parallel Slave Port data.
AD3
PSP3
RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2
RD4
AD4
PSP4
SDO2
I/O
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 4.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI data out.
RD5/AD5/PSP5/
SDI2/SDA2
RD5
65
64
63
I/O
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
AD5
PSP5
SDI2
SDA2
External memory address/data 5.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI data in.
I/O I2C/SMB
I C™ data I/O.
2
RD6/AD6/PSP6/
SCK2/SCL2
RD6
I/O
I/O
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
TTL
ST
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 6.
Parallel Slave Port data.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for SPI mode.
Synchronous serial clock input/output for I C mode.
AD6
PSP6
SCK2
SCL2
I/O I2C/SMB
2
RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2
RD7
AD7
PSP7
SS2
I/O
I/O
I/O
I
ST
Digital I/O.
TTL
TTL
TTL
External memory address/data 7.
Parallel Slave Port data.
SPI slave select input.
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
DS39663F-page 20
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTE is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D
4
3
RE0
AD8
RD
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 8.
Read control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM output D.
P2D
O
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C
RE1
AD9
WR
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 9.
Write control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM output C.
P2C
O
RE2/AD10/CS/P2B
78
RE2
AD10
CS
I/O
I/O
I
ST
TTL
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 10.
Chip select control for Parallel Slave Port.
ECCP2 PWM output B.
P2B
O
RE3/AD11/P3C
RE3
77
76
75
74
73
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 11.
ECCP3 PWM output C.
AD11
(3)
P3C
RE4/AD12/P3B
RE4
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 12.
ECCP3 PWM output B.
AD12
(3)
P3B
RE5/AD13/P1C
RE5
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 13.
ECCP1 PWM output C.
AD13
(3)
P1C
RE6/AD14/P1B
RE6
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 14.
ECCP1 PWM output B.
AD14
(3)
P1B
RE7/AD15/ECCP2/P2A
RE7
AD15
I/O
I/O
I/O
O
ST
TTL
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 15.
Capture 2 input/Compare 2 output/PWM 2 output.
ECCP2 PWM output A.
(4)
ECCP2
(4)
P2A
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 21
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTF is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RF1/AN6/C2OUT
RF1
23
18
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 6.
Comparator 2 output.
AN6
C2OUT
RF2/AN7/C1OUT
RF2
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 7.
Comparator 1 output.
AN7
C1OUT
RF3/AN8
RF3
17
16
15
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 8.
AN8
RF4/AN9
RF4
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 9.
AN9
RF5/AN10/CVREF
RF5
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 10.
Comparator reference voltage output.
AN10
CVREF
RF6/AN11
RF6
14
13
I/O
I
ST
Analog
Digital I/O.
Analog input 11.
AN11
RF7/SS1
RF7
I/O
I
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
SPI slave select input.
SS1
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
DS39663F-page 22
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTG is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RG0/ECCP3/P3A
RG0
5
6
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
ECCP3
P3A
Capture 3 input/Compare 3 output/PWM 3 output.
ECCP3 PWM output A.
RG1/TX2/CK2
RG1
I/O
O
I/O
ST
—
ST
Digital I/O.
TX2
CK2
EUSART2 asynchronous transmit.
EUSART2 synchronous clock (see related RX2/DT2).
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG2
7
I/O
I
I/O
ST
ST
ST
Digital I/O.
RX2
DT2
EUSART2 asynchronous receive.
EUSART2 synchronous data (see related TX2/CK2).
RG3/CCP4/P3D
RG3
8
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
CCP4
P3D
Capture 4 input/Compare 4 output/PWM 4 output.
ECCP3 PWM output D.
RG4/CCP5/P1D
RG4
10
I/O
I/O
O
ST
ST
—
Digital I/O.
CCP5
P1D
Capture 5 input/Compare 5 output/PWM 5 output.
ECCP1 PWM output D.
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 23
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTH is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RH0/A16
RH0
79
80
1
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 16.
A16
RH1/A17
RH1
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 17.
A17
RH2/A18
RH2
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 18.
A18
RH3/A19
RH3
2
I/O
I/O
ST
TTL
Digital I/O.
External memory address/data 19.
A19
RH4/AN12/P3C
RH4
22
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 12.
ECCP3 PWM output C.
AN12
(5)
P3C
RH5/AN13/P3B
RH5
21
20
19
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 13.
ECCP3 PWM output B.
AN13
(5)
P3B
RH6/AN14/P1C
RH6
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 14.
ECCP1 PWM output C.
AN14
(5)
P1C
RH7/AN15/P1B
RH7
I/O
I
O
ST
Analog
—
Digital I/O.
Analog input 15.
ECCP1 PWM output B.
AN15
(5)
P1B
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
DS39663F-page 24
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 1-4:
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PINOUT I/O DESCRIPTIONS (CONTINUED)
Pin Number
Pin
Type
Buffer
Type
Pin Name
Description
PORTJ is a bidirectional I/O port.
TQFP
RJ0/ALE
RJ0
62
61
60
59
39
40
41
42
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory address latch enable.
ALE
RJ1/OE
RJ1
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory output enable.
OE
RJ2/WRL
RJ2
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory write low control.
WRL
RJ3/WRH
RJ3
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory write high control.
WRH
RJ4/BA0
RJ4
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory byte address 0 control.
BA0
RJ5/CE
RJ5
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O
External memory chip enable control.
CE
RJ6/LB
RJ6
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory low byte control.
LB
RJ7/UB
RJ7
I/O
O
ST
—
Digital I/O.
External memory high byte control.
UB
VSS
11, 31, 51, 70
P
P
P
P
I
—
—
—
—
ST
Ground reference for logic and I/O pins.
Positive supply for peripheral digital logic and I/O pins.
Ground reference for analog modules.
Positive supply for analog modules.
VDD
32, 48, 71
AVSS
AVDD
ENVREG
26
25
24
12
Enable for on-chip voltage regulator.
VDDCORE/VCAP
VDDCORE
Core logic power or external filter capacitor connection.
Positive supply for microcontroller core logic
(regulator disabled).
P
P
—
—
VCAP
External filter capacitor connection (regulator enabled).
Legend: TTL
= TTL compatible input
= Schmitt Trigger input with CMOS levels
= Input
CMOS = CMOS compatible input or output
Analog = Analog input
ST
I
O
= Output
P
= Power
OD
= Open-Drain (no P diode to VDD)
I2C/SMB = I2C™/SMBus input buffer
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when Configuration bit, CCP2MX, is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode).
2: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A for all devices in all operating modes (CCP2MX is set).
3: Default assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is set).
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when CCP2MX is cleared (Microcontroller mode).
5: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C/P3B/P3C (ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 25
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 26
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 2-1:
RECOMMENDED
MINIMUM CONNECTIONS
2.0
2.1
GUIDELINES FOR GETTING
STARTED WITH PIC18FJ
MICROCONTROLLERS
(2)
C2
VDD
Basic Connection Requirements
Getting started with the PIC18F87J10 family of 8-bit
microcontrollers requires attention to a minimal set of
device pin connections before proceeding with
development.
(1)
(1)
R1
R2
ENVREG
MCLR
VCAP/VDDCORE
C1
The following pins must always be connected:
C7
PIC18FXXJXX
• All VDD and VSS pins
(see Section 2.2 “Power Supply Pins”)
VDD
VSS
VSS
VDD
(2)
(2)
C3
C6
• All AVDD and AVSS pins, regardless of whether or
not the analog device features are used
(see Section 2.2 “Power Supply Pins”)
• MCLR pin
(see Section 2.3 “Master Clear (MCLR) Pin”)
(2)
(2)
C4
C5
• ENVREG (if implemented) and VCAP/VDDCORE pins
(see Section 2.4 “Voltage Regulator Pins
(ENVREG and VCAP/VDDCORE)”)
Key (all values are recommendations):
These pins must also be connected if they are being
used in the end application:
C1 through C6: 0.1 μF, 20V ceramic
C7: 10 μF, 6.3V or greater, tantalum or ceramic
R1: 10 kΩ
• PGC/PGD pins used for In-Circuit Serial
Programming™ (ICSP™) and debugging purposes
(see Section 2.5 “ICSP Pins”)
R2: 100Ω to 470Ω
Note 1: See Section 2.4 “Voltage Regulator Pins
(ENVREG and VCAP/VDDCORE)” for
• OSCI and OSCO pins when an external oscillator
source is used
(see Section 2.6 “External Oscillator Pins”)
explanation of ENVREG pin connections.
2: The example shown is for a PIC18FJ device
with five VDD/VSS and AVDD/AVSS pairs.
Other devices may have more or less pairs;
adjust the number of decoupling capacitors
appropriately.
Additionally, the following pins may be required:
• VREF+/VREF- pins used when external voltage
reference for analog modules is implemented
Note:
The AVDD and AVSS pins must always be
connected, regardless of whether any of
the analog modules are being used.
The minimum mandatory connections are shown in
Figure 2-1.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 27
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
2.2
Power Supply Pins
2.3
Master Clear (MCLR) Pin
The MCLR pin provides two specific device
functions: device Reset, and device programming
and debugging. If programming and debugging are
2.2.1
DECOUPLING CAPACITORS
The use of decoupling capacitors on every pair of
power supply pins, such as VDD, VSS, AVDD and
AVSS, is required.
not required in the end application,
a
direct
connection to VDD may be all that is required. The
addition of other components, to help increase the
application’s resistance to spurious Resets from
Consider the following criteria when using decoupling
capacitors:
voltage sags, may be beneficial.
A
typical
• Value and type of capacitor: A 0.1 μF (100 nF),
10-20V capacitor is recommended. The capacitor
should be a low-ESR device with a resonance
frequency in the range of 200 MHz and higher.
Ceramic capacitors are recommended.
configuration is shown in Figure 2-1. Other circuit
designs may be implemented depending on the
application’s requirements.
During programming and debugging, the resistance
and capacitance that can be added to the pin must
be considered. Device programmers and debuggers
drive the MCLR pin. Consequently, specific voltage
levels (VIH and VIL) and fast signal transitions must
not be adversely affected. Therefore, specific values
of R1 and C1 will need to be adjusted based on the
application and PCB requirements. For example, it is
recommended that the capacitor, C1, be isolated
from the MCLR pin during programming and
debugging operations by using a jumper (Figure 2-2).
The jumper is replaced for normal run-time
operations.
• Placement on the printed circuit board: The
decoupling capacitors should be placed as close
to the pins as possible. It is recommended to
place the capacitors on the same side of the
board as the device. If space is constricted, the
capacitor can be placed on another layer on the
PCB using a via; however, ensure that the trace
length from the pin to the capacitor is no greater
than 0.25 inch (6 mm).
• Handling high-frequency noise: If the board is
experiencing high-frequency noise (upward of
tens of MHz), add a second ceramic type capaci-
tor in parallel to the above described decoupling
capacitor. The value of the second capacitor can
be in the range of 0.01 μF to 0.001 μF. Place this
second capacitor next to each primary decoupling
capacitor. In high-speed circuit designs, consider
implementing a decade pair of capacitances as
close to the power and ground pins as possible
(e.g., 0.1 μF in parallel with 0.001 μF).
Any components associated with the MCLR pin
should be placed within 0.25 inch (6 mm) of the pin.
FIGURE 2-2:
EXAMPLE OF MCLR PIN
CONNECTIONS
VDD
• Maximizing performance: On the board layout
from the power supply circuit, run the power and
return traces to the decoupling capacitors first,
and then to the device pins. This ensures that the
decoupling capacitors are first in the power chain.
Equally important is to keep the trace length
between the capacitor and the power pins to
a minimum, thereby reducing PCB trace
inductance.
R1
R2
MCLR
PIC18FXXJXX
JP
C1
Note 1: R1 ≤ 10 kΩ is recommended. A suggested
starting value is 10 kΩ. Ensure that the
MCLR pin VIH and VIL specifications are met.
2.2.2
TANK CAPACITORS
On boards with power traces running longer than six
inches in length, it is suggested to use a tank capacitor
for integrated circuits including microcontrollers to
supply a local power source. The value of the tank
capacitor should be determined based on the trace
resistance that connects the power supply source to
the device and the maximum current drawn by the
device in the application. In other words, select the tank
capacitor so that it meets the acceptable voltage sag at
the device. Typical values range from 4.7 μF to 47 μF.
2: R2 ≤ 470Ω will limit any current flowing into
MCLR from the external capacitor, C, in the
event of MCLR pin breakdown, due to
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical
Overstress (EOS). Ensure that the MCLR pin
VIH and VIL specifications are met.
DS39663F-page 28
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
2.4
Voltage Regulator Pins (ENVREG
and VCAP/VDDCORE)
2.5
ICSP Pins
The PGC and PGD pins are used for In-Circuit Serial
Programming (ICSP) and debugging purposes. It is
recommended to keep the trace length between the
ICSP connector and the ICSP pins on the device as
short as possible. If the ICSP connector is expected to
experience an ESD event, a series resistor is recom-
mended, with the value in the range of a few tens of
ohms, not to exceed 100Ω.
The on-chip voltage regulator enable pin, ENVREG,
must always be connected directly to either a supply
voltage or to ground. Tying ENVREG to VDD enables
the regulator, while tying it to ground disables the
regulator. Refer to Section 24.3 “On-Chip Voltage
Regulator” for details on connecting and using the
on-chip regulator.
Pull-up resistors, series diodes and capacitors on the
PGC and PGD pins are not recommended as they will
interfere with the programmer/debugger com-
munications to the device. If such discrete components
are an application requirement, they should be removed
from the circuit during programming and debugging.
Alternatively, refer to the AC/DC characteristics and
timing requirements information in the respective device
Flash programming specification for information on
capacitive loading limits and pin input voltage high (VIH)
and input low (VIL) requirements.
When the regulator is enabled, a low-ESR (<5Ω)
capacitor is required on the VCAP/VDDCORE pin to
stabilize the voltage regulator output voltage. The
VCAP/VDDCORE pin must not be connected to VDD and
must use a capacitor of 10 μF connected to ground. The
type can be ceramic or tantalum. A suitable example is
the Murata GRM21BF50J106ZE01 (10 μF, 6.3V) or
equivalent. Designers may use Figure 2-3 to evaluate
ESR equivalence of candidate devices.
It is recommended that the trace length not exceed
0.25 inch (6 mm). Refer to Section 27.0 “Electrical
Characteristics” for additional information.
For device emulation, ensure that the “Communication
Channel Select” (i.e., PGC/PGD pins) programmed
into the device matches the physical connections for
the ICSP to the MPLAB® ICD 2, MPLAB ICD 3 or
REAL ICE™ emulator.
When the regulator is disabled, the VCAP/VDDCORE pin
must be tied to a voltage supply at the VDDCORE level.
Refer to Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for
information on VDD and VDDCORE.
For more information on the ICD 2, ICD 3 and REAL ICE
emulator connection requirements, refer to the following
documents that are available on the Microchip web site.
• “MPLAB® ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger User’s
Guide” (DS51331)
• “Using MPLAB® ICD 2” (poster) (DS51265)
• “MPLAB® ICD 2 Design Advisory” (DS51566)
• “Using MPLAB® ICD 3” (poster) (DS51765)
• “MPLAB® ICD 3 Design Advisory” (DS51764)
Note that the “LF” versions of some low pin count
PIC18FJ parts (e.g., the PIC18LF45J10) do not have
the ENVREG pin. These devices are provided with the
voltage regulator permanently disabled; they must
always be provided with a supply voltage on the
VDDCORE pin.
FIGURE 2-3:
FREQUENCY vs. ESR
PERFORMANCE FOR
SUGGESTED VCAP
• “MPLAB® REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator User’s
Guide” (DS51616)
• “Using MPLAB® REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator”
10
1
(poster) (DS51749)
0.1
0.01
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000 10,000
Frequency (MHz)
Note:
Data for Murata GRM21BF50J106ZE01 shown.
Measurements at 25°C, 0V DC bias.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 29
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 2-4:
SUGGESTED PLACEMENT
OF THE OSCILLATOR
CIRCUIT
2.6
External Oscillator Pins
Many microcontrollers have options for at least two
oscillators: a high-frequency primary oscillator and a
low-frequency
secondary
oscillator
(refer to
Section 3.0 “Oscillator Configurations” for details).
Main Oscillator
Guard Ring
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
The oscillator circuit should be placed on the same
side of the board as the device. Place the oscillator
circuit close to the respective oscillator pins with no
more than 0.5 inch (12 mm) between the circuit
components and the pins. The load capacitors should
be placed next to the oscillator itself, on the same side
of the board.
Guard Trace
Secondary
Oscillator
Use a grounded copper pour around the oscillator
circuit to isolate it from surrounding circuits. The
grounded copper pour should be routed directly to the
MCU ground. Do not run any signal traces or power
traces inside the ground pour. Also, if using a
two-sided board, avoid any traces on the other side of
the board where the crystal is placed. A suggested
layout is shown in Figure 2-4.
2.7
Unused I/Os
Unused I/O pins should be configured as outputs and
driven to a logic low state. Alternatively, connect a 1 kΩ
to 10 kΩ resistor to VSS on unused pins and drive the
output to logic low.
For additional information and design guidance on
oscillator circuits, please refer to these Microchip
Application Notes, available at the corporate web site
(www.microchip.com):
• AN826, “Crystal Oscillator Basics and Crystal
Selection for rfPIC™ and PICmicro® Devices”
• AN849, “Basic PICmicro® Oscillator Design”
• AN943, “Practical PICmicro® Oscillator Analysis
and Design”
• AN949, “Making Your Oscillator Work”
DS39663F-page 30
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 3-1:
CRYSTAL/CERAMIC
RESONATOROPERATION
(HS OR HSPLL
3.0
3.1
OSCILLATOR
CONFIGURATIONS
CONFIGURATION)
Oscillator Types
(1)
C1
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices can be operated in
five different oscillator modes:
OSC1
To
Internal
Logic
1. HS
High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
(3)
RF
XTAL
2. HSPLL High-Speed Crystal/Resonator
with Software PLL Control
Sleep
OSC2
3. EC
External Clock with FOSC/4 Output
(1)
(2)
RS
PIC18F87J10
C2
4. ECPLL External Clock with Software PLL
Control
Note 1: See Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 for initial values of
5. INTRC Internal 31 kHz Oscillator
C1 and C2.
Four of these are selected by the user by programming
the FOSC<2:0> Configuration bits. The fifth mode
(INTRC) may be invoked under software control; it can
also be configured as the default mode on device
Resets.
2: A series resistor (RS) may be required for AT
strip cut crystals.
3: RF varies with the oscillator mode chosen.
TABLE 3-1:
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
CERAMIC RESONATORS
3.2
Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic
Resonators (HS Modes)
Typical Capacitor Values Used:
In HS or HSPLL Oscillator modes, a crystal or ceramic
resonator is connected to the OSC1 and OSC2 pins to
establish oscillation. Figure 3-1 shows the pin
connections.
Mode
Freq.
OSC1
OSC2
HS
8.0 MHz
16.0 MHz
27 pF
22 pF
27 pF
22 pF
The oscillator design requires the use of a parallel cut
crystal.
Capacitor values are for design guidance only.
These capacitors were tested with the resonators
listed below for basic start-up and operation. These
values are not optimized.
Note:
Use of a series cut crystal may give a fre-
quency out of the crystal manufacturer’s
specifications.
Different capacitor values may be required to produce
acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test
the performance of the oscillator over the expected
VDD and temperature range for the application.
See the notes following Table 3-2 for additional
information.
Resonators Used:
4.0 MHz
8.0 MHz
16.0 MHz
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 31
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 3-2:
CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR
3.3
External Clock Input (EC Modes)
The EC and ECPLL Oscillator modes require an exter-
nal clock source to be connected to the OSC1 pin.
There is no oscillator start-up time required after a
Power-on Reset or after an exit from Sleep mode.
Typical Capacitor Values
Crystal
Freq.
Tested:
Osc Type
C1
C2
In the EC Oscillator mode, the oscillator frequency
divided by 4 is available on the OSC2 pin. This signal
may be used for test purposes or to synchronize other
logic. Figure 3-2 shows the pin connections for the EC
Oscillator mode.
HS
4 MHz
8 MHz
20 MHz
27 pF
22 pF
15 pF
27 pF
22 pF
15 pF
Capacitor values are for design guidance only.
These capacitors were tested with the crystals listed
below for basic start-up and operation. These values
are not optimized.
FIGURE 3-2:
EXTERNAL CLOCK
INPUT OPERATION
(EC CONFIGURATION)
Different capacitor values may be required to produce
acceptable oscillator operation. The user should test
the performance of the oscillator over the expected
VDD and temperature range for the application.
OSC1/CLKI
Clock from
Ext. System
PIC18F87J10
OSC2/CLKO
See the notes following this table for additional
information.
FOSC/4
Crystals Used:
4 MHz
8 MHz
20 MHz
An external clock source may also be connected to the
OSC1 pin in the HS mode, as shown in Figure 3-3. In
this configuration, the divide-by-4 output on OSC2 is
not available.
FIGURE 3-3:
EXTERNAL CLOCK INPUT
OPERATION (HS OSC
CONFIGURATION)
Note 1: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
2: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
OSC1
Clock from
appropriate
components.
values
of
external
Ext. System
PIC18F87J10
(HS Mode)
OSC2
Open
3: Rs may be required to avoid overdriving
crystals with low drive level specification.
4: Always verify oscillator performance over
the VDD and temperature range that is
expected for the application.
DS39663F-page 32
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 3-4:
PLL BLOCK DIAGRAM
3.4
PLL Frequency Multiplier
A Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuit is provided as an
option for users who want to use a lower frequency
oscillator circuit, or to clock the device up to its highest
rated frequency from a crystal oscillator. This may be
useful for customers who are concerned with EMI due
to high-frequency crystals, or users who require higher
clock speeds from an internal oscillator. For these
reasons, the HSPLL and ECPLL modes are available.
HSPLL or ECPLL (CONFIG2L)
PLL Enable (OSCTUNE)
OSC2
Phase
Comparator
FIN
HS or EC
OSC1 Mode
FOUT
The HSPLL and ECPLL modes provide the ability to
selectively run the device at 4 times the external oscil-
lating source to produce frequencies up to 40 MHz.
The PLL is enabled by setting the PLLEN bit in the
OSCTUNE register (Register 3-1).
Loop
Filter
÷4
VCO
SYSCLK
REGISTER 3-1:
OSCTUNE: PLL CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
R/W-0
PLLEN(1)
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
PLLEN: Frequency Multiplier PLL Enable bit(1)
1= PLL enabled
0= PLL disabled
bit 5-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: Available only for ECPLL and HSPLL oscillator configurations; otherwise, this bit is unavailable and read
as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 33
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The primary oscillators include the External Crystal
and Resonator modes and the External Clock modes.
The particular mode is defined by the FOSC<2:0>
Configuration bits. The details of these modes are
covered earlier in this chapter.
3.5
Internal Oscillator Block
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices includes an inter-
nal oscillator source (INTRC) which provides a nominal
31 kHz output. The INTRC is enabled on device
power-up and clocks the device during its configuration
cycle until it enters operating mode. INTRC is also
enabled if it is selected as the device clock source or if
any of the following are enabled:
The secondary oscillators are those external sources
not connected to the OSC1 or OSC2 pins. These
sources may continue to operate even after the
controller is placed in a power-managed mode.
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
• Watchdog Timer
• Two-Speed Start-up
PIC18F87J10 family devices offer the Timer1 oscillator
as a secondary oscillator. This oscillator, in all
power-managed modes, is often the time base for
functions such as a real-time clock.
These features are discussed in greater detail in
Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU”.
Most often, a 32.768 kHz watch crystal is connected
between the RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI and RC1/T1OSI
pins. Loading capacitors are also connected from each
pin to ground.
The INTRC can also be optionally configured as the
default clock source on device start-up by setting the
FOSC2 Configuration bit. This is discussed in
Section 3.6.1 “Oscillator Control Register”.
The Timer1 oscillator is discussed in greater detail in
Section 13.3 “Timer1 Oscillator”.
3.6
Clock Sources and
Oscillator Switching
In addition to being a primary clock source, the internal
oscillator is available as a power-managed mode
clock source. The INTRC source is also used as the
clock source for several special features, such as the
WDT and Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.
The PIC18F87J10 family includes a feature that allows
the device clock source to be switched from the main
oscillator to an alternate clock source. PIC18F87J10
family devices offer two alternate clock sources. When
an alternate clock source is enabled, the various
power-managed operating modes are available.
The clock sources for the PIC18F87J10 family devices
are shown in Figure 3-5. See Section 24.0 “Special
Features of the CPU” for Configuration register details.
Essentially, there are three clock sources for these
devices:
• Primary oscillators
• Secondary oscillators
• Internal oscillator
FIGURE 3-5:
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY CLOCK DIAGRAM
PIC18F87J10 Family
Primary Oscillator
HS, EC
OSC2
Sleep
HSPLL, ECPLL
4 x PLL
OSC1
Peripherals
Secondary Oscillator
T1OSC
T1OSO
T1OSCEN
Enable
Oscillator
T1OSI
Internal Oscillator
INTRC
Source
CPU
IDLEN
Clock
Control
FOSC<2:0>
OSCCON<1:0>
Clock Source Option
for Other Modules
WDT, PWRT, FSCM
and Two-Speed Start-up
DS39663F-page 34
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
3.6.1
OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
3.6.1.1
System Clock Selection and the
FOSC2 Configuration Bit
The OSCCON register (Register 3-2) controls several
aspects of the device clock’s operation, both in
full-power operation and in power-managed modes.
The SCS bits are cleared on all forms of Reset. In the
device’s default configuration, this means the primary
oscillator defined by FOSC<1:0> (that is, one of the HC
or EC modes) is used as the primary clock source on
device Resets.
The System Clock Select bits, SCS<1:0>, select the
clock source. The available clock sources are the
primary clock (defined by the FOSC<2:0> Configura-
tion bits), the secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator) and
the internal oscillator. The clock source changes after
one or more of the bits are written to, following a brief
clock transition interval.
The default clock configuration on Reset can be
changed with the FOSC2 Configuration bit. The effect of
this bit is to set the clock source selected when
SCS<1:0> = 00. When FOSC2 = 1 (default), the
oscillator source defined by FOSC<1:0> is selected
whenever SCS<1:0> = 00. When FOSC2 = 0, the
INTRC oscillator is selected whenever SCS<1:2> = 00.
Because the SCS bits are cleared on Reset, the FOSC2
setting also changes the default oscillator mode on
Reset.
The OSTS (OSCCON<3>) and T1RUN (T1CON<6>)
bits indicate which clock source is currently providing
the device clock. The OSTS bit indicates that the
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) has timed out and the
primary clock is providing the device clock in primary
clock modes. The T1RUN bit indicates when the
Timer1 oscillator is providing the device clock in
secondary clock modes. In power-managed modes,
only one of these bits will be set at any time. If neither
of these bits are set, the INTRC is providing the clock,
or the internal oscillator has just started and is not yet
stable.
Regardless of the setting of FOSC2, INTRC will always
be enabled on device power-up. It will serve as the
clock source until the device has loaded its configura-
tion values from memory. It is at this point that the
FOSC Configuration bits are read and the oscillator
selection of the operational mode is made.
The IDLEN bit determines if the device goes into Sleep
mode or one of the Idle modes when the SLEEP
instruction is executed.
Note that either the primary clock or the internal
oscillator will have two bit setting options, at any given
time, depending on the setting of FOSC2.
The use of the flag and control bits in the OSCCON
register is discussed in more detail in Section 4.0
“Power-Managed Modes”.
3.6.2
OSCILLATOR TRANSITIONS
PIC18F87J10 family devices contain circuitry to
prevent clock “glitches” when switching between clock
sources. A short pause in the device clock occurs
during the clock switch. The length of this pause is the
sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three to
four cycles of the new clock source. This formula
assumes that the new clock source is stable.
Note 1: The Timer1 oscillator must be enabled to
select the secondary clock source. The
Timer1 oscillator is enabled by setting the
T1OSCEN bit in the Timer1 Control regis-
ter (T1CON<3>). If the Timer1 oscillator is
not enabled, then any attempt to select a
secondary clock source when executing a
SLEEPinstruction will be ignored.
Clock transitions are discussed in greater detail in
Section 4.1.2 “Entering Power-Managed Modes”.
2: It is recommended that the Timer1
oscillator be operating and stable before
executing the SLEEPinstruction or a very
long delay may occur while the Timer1
oscillator starts.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 35
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 3-2:
OSCCON: OSCILLATOR CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
IDLEN
bit 7
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R-q(1)
OSTS
U-0
—
R/W-0
SCS1
R/W-0
SCS0
bit 0
Legend:
q = Value determined by configuration
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
IDLEN: Idle Enable bit
1= Device enters Idle mode on SLEEPinstruction
0= Device enters Sleep mode on SLEEPinstruction
bit 6-4
bit 3
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
OSTS: Oscillator Start-up Time-out Status bit(1)
1= Oscillator Start-up Timer time-out has expired; primary oscillator is running
0= Oscillator Start-up Timer time-out is running; primary oscillator is not ready
bit 2
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 1-0
SCS<1:0>: System Clock Select bits
11= Internal oscillator
10= Primary oscillator
01= Timer1 oscillator
When FOSC2 = 1:
00= Primary oscillator
When FOSC2 = 0:
00= Internal oscillator
Note 1: The Reset value is ‘0’ when HS mode and Two-Speed Start-up are both enabled; otherwise, it is ‘1’.
DS39663F-page 36
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Timer1 oscillator may be operating to support a
Real-Time Clock. Other features may be operating that
do not require a device clock source (i.e., MSSP slave,
PSP, INTx pins and others). Peripherals that may add
significant current consumption are listed in
Section 27.2 “DC Characteristics: Power-Down and
Supply Current”.
3.7
Effects of Power-Managed Modes
on the Various Clock Sources
When PRI_IDLE mode is selected, the designated
primary oscillator continues to run without interruption.
For all other power-managed modes, the oscillator
using the OSC1 pin is disabled. The OSC1 pin (and
OSC2 pin if used by the oscillator) will stop oscillating.
3.8
Power-up Delays
In secondary clock modes (SEC_RUN and
SEC_IDLE), the Timer1 oscillator is operating and
providing the device clock. The Timer1 oscillator may
also run in all power-managed modes if required to
clock Timer1 or Timer3.
Power-up delays are controlled by two timers, so that
no external Reset circuitry is required for most applica-
tions. The delays ensure that the device is kept in
Reset until the device power supply is stable under
normal circumstances and the primary clock is operat-
ing and stable. For additional information on power-up
delays, see Section 5.5 “Power-up Timer (PWRT)”.
In RC_RUN and RC_IDLE modes, the internal oscilla-
tor provides the device clock source. The 31 kHz
INTRC output can be used directly to provide the clock
and may be enabled to support various special
features, regardless of the power-managed mode (see
Section 24.2 “Watchdog Timer (WDT)” through
Section 24.5 “Fail-Safe Clock Monitor” for more
information on WDT, Fail-Safe Clock Monitor and
Two-Speed Start-up).
The first timer is the Power-up Timer (PWRT), which
provides a fixed delay on power-up (parameter 33,
Table 27-12). It is always enabled.
The second timer is the Oscillator Start-up Timer
(OST), intended to keep the chip in Reset until the
crystal oscillator is stable (HS modes). The OST does
this by counting 1024 oscillator cycles before allowing
the oscillator to clock the device.
If the Sleep mode is selected, all clock sources are
stopped. Since all the transistor switching currents
have been stopped, Sleep mode achieves the lowest
current consumption of the device (only leakage
currents).
There is a delay of interval, TCSD (parameter 38,
Table 27-12), following POR, while the controller
becomes ready to execute instructions.
Enabling any on-chip feature that will operate during
Sleep will increase the current consumed during Sleep.
The INTRC is required to support WDT operation. The
TABLE 3-3:
OSC1 AND OSC2 PIN STATES IN SLEEP MODE
Oscillator Mode
OSC1 Pin
OSC2 Pin
EC, ECPLL
HS, HSPLL
Floating, pulled by external clock
At logic low (clock/4 output)
Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent
voltage level
Feedback inverter disabled at quiescent
voltage level
Note:
See Table 5-2 in Section 5.0 “Reset” for time-outs due to Sleep and MCLR Reset.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 37
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 38
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
4.1.1
CLOCK SOURCES
4.0
POWER-MANAGED MODES
The SCS<1:0> bits allow the selection of one of three
clock sources for power-managed modes. They are:
The PIC18F87J10 family devices provide the ability to
manage power consumption by simply managing clock-
ing to the CPU and the peripherals. In general, a lower
clock frequency and a reduction in the number of circuits
being clocked constitutes lower consumed power. For
the sake of managing power in an application, there are
three primary modes of operation:
• The primary clock, as defined by the FOSC<2:0>
Configuration bits
• The secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator)
• The internal oscillator
4.1.2
ENTERING POWER-MANAGED
MODES
• Run mode
• Idle mode
• Sleep mode
Switching from one power-managed mode to another
begins by loading the OSCCON register. The
SCS<1:0> bits select the clock source and determine
which Run or Idle mode is to be used. Changing these
bits causes an immediate switch to the new clock
source, assuming that it is running. The switch may
also be subject to clock transition delays. These are
discussed in Section 4.1.3 “Clock Transitions and
Status Indicators” and subsequent sections.
These modes define which portions of the device are
clocked and at what speed. The Run and Idle modes
may use any of the three available clock sources
(primary, secondary or internal oscillator block); the
Sleep mode does not use a clock source.
The power-managed modes include several
power-saving features offered on previous PIC®
devices. One is the clock switching feature, offered in
other PIC18 devices, allowing the controller to use the
Timer1 oscillator in place of the primary oscillator. Also
included is the Sleep mode, offered by all PIC devices,
where all device clocks are stopped.
Entry to the power-managed Idle or Sleep modes is
triggered by the execution of a SLEEPinstruction. The
actual mode that results depends on the status of the
IDLEN bit.
Depending on the current mode and the mode being
switched to, a change to a power-managed mode does
not always require setting all of these bits. Many
transitions may be done by changing the oscillator
select bits, or changing the IDLEN bit, prior to issuing a
SLEEP instruction. If the IDLEN bit is already
configured correctly, it may only be necessary to
perform a SLEEP instruction to switch to the desired
mode.
4.1
Selecting Power-Managed Modes
Selecting
a power-managed mode requires two
decisions: if the CPU is to be clocked or not and which
clock source is to be used. The IDLEN bit
(OSCCON<7>) controls CPU clocking, while the
SCS<1:0> bits (OSCCON<1:0>) select the clock
source. The individual modes, bit settings, clock
sources and affected modules are summarized in
Table 4-1.
TABLE 4-1:
Mode
POWER-MANAGED MODES
OSCCON Bits<7,1:0> Module Clocking
CPU Peripherals
Off Off
Available Clock and Oscillator Source
IDLEN(1)
SCS<1:0>
Sleep
0
N/A
None – All clocks are disabled
PRI_RUN
N/A
10
Clocked Clocked Primary – HS, EC, HSPLL, ECPLL;
this is the normal full-power execution mode.
SEC_RUN
RC_RUN
PRI_IDLE
SEC_IDLE
RC_IDLE
N/A
N/A
1
01
11
10
01
11
Clocked Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator
Clocked Clocked Internal Oscillator
Off
Off
Off
Clocked Primary – HS, EC, HSPLL, ECPLL
Clocked Secondary – Timer1 Oscillator
Clocked Internal Oscillator
1
1
Note 1: IDLEN reflects its value when the SLEEPinstruction is executed.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 39
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
4.1.3
CLOCK TRANSITIONS AND STATUS
INDICATORS
4.2
Run Modes
In the Run modes, clocks to both the core and
peripherals are active. The difference between these
modes is the clock source.
The length of the transition between clock sources is
the sum of two cycles of the old clock source and three
to four cycles of the new clock source. This formula
assumes that the new clock source is stable.
4.2.1
PRI_RUN MODE
Two bits indicate the current clock source and its
The PRI_RUN mode is the normal, full-power execu-
tion mode of the microcontroller. This is also the default
mode upon a device Reset unless Two-Speed Start-up
is enabled (see Section 24.4 “Two-Speed Start-up”
for details). In this mode, the OSTS bit is set. (see
Section 3.6.1 “Oscillator Control Register”).
status:
OSTS
(OSCCON<3>)
and
T1RUN
(T1CON<6>). In general, only one of these bits will be
set while in a given power-managed mode. When the
OSTS bit is set, the primary clock is providing the
device clock. When the T1RUN bit is set, the Timer1
oscillator is providing the clock. If neither of these bits
is set, INTRC is clocking the device.
4.2.2
SEC_RUN MODE
The SEC_RUN mode is the compatible mode to the
“clock switching” feature offered in other PIC18
devices. In this mode, the CPU and peripherals are
clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. This gives users the
option of lower power consumption while still using a
high-accuracy clock source.
Note:
Executing a SLEEP instruction does not
necessarily place the device into Sleep
mode. It acts as the trigger to place the
controller into either the Sleep mode or
one of the Idle modes, depending on the
setting of the IDLEN bit.
SEC_RUN mode is entered by setting the SCS<1:0>
bits to ‘01’. The device clock source is switched to the
Timer1 oscillator (see Figure 4-1), the primary oscilla-
tor is shut down, the T1RUN bit (T1CON<6>) is set and
the OSTS bit is cleared.
4.1.4
MULTIPLE SLEEP COMMANDS
The power-managed mode that is invoked with the
SLEEP instruction is determined by the setting of the
IDLEN bit at the time the instruction is executed. If
another SLEEPinstruction is executed, the device will
enter the power-managed mode specified by IDLEN at
that time. If IDLEN has changed, the device will enter
the new power-managed mode specified by the new
setting.
DS39663F-page 40
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
On transitions from SEC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN, the
peripherals and CPU continue to be clocked from the
Timer1 oscillator while the primary clock is started.
When the primary clock becomes ready, a clock switch
back to the primary clock occurs (see Figure 4-2).
When the clock switch is complete, the T1RUN bit is
cleared, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is
providing the clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits are not
affected by the wake-up; the Timer1 oscillator
continues to run.
Note:
The Timer1 oscillator should already be
running prior to entering SEC_RUN mode.
If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the
SCS<1:0> bits are set to ‘01’, entry to
SEC_RUN mode will not occur. If the
Timer1 oscillator is enabled, but not yet
running, device clocks will be delayed until
the oscillator has started. In such
situations, initial oscillator operation is far
from stable and unpredictable operation
may result.
FIGURE 4-1:
TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SEC_RUN MODE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
1
2
3
n-1
n
T1OSI
OSC1
Clock Transition
CPU
Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC
PC + 2
PC + 4
FIGURE 4-2:
TRANSITION TIMING FROM SEC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE (HSPLL)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3
T1OSI
OSC1
(1)
TOST
(1)
TPLL
1
2
n-1
n
PLL Clock
Output
Clock
Transition
CPU Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC + 2
PC + 4
PC
OSTS Bit Set
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
SCS<1:0> Bits Changed
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 41
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
On transitions from RC_RUN mode to PRI_RUN mode,
the device continues to be clocked from the INTRC
while the primary clock is started. When the primary
clock becomes ready, a clock switch to the primary
clock occurs (see Figure 4-4). When the clock switch is
complete, the OSTS bit is set and the primary clock is
providing the device clock. The IDLEN and SCS bits
are not affected by the switch. The INTRC source will
continue to run if either the WDT or the Fail-Safe Clock
Monitor is enabled.
4.2.3
RC_RUN MODE
In RC_RUN mode, the CPU and peripherals are
clocked from the internal oscillator; the primary clock is
shut down. This mode provides the best power conser-
vation of all the Run modes while still executing code.
It works well for user applications which are not highly
timing sensitive or do not require high-speed clocks at
all times.
This mode is entered by setting the SCS bits to ‘11’.
When the clock source is switched to the INTRC (see
Figure 4-3), the primary oscillator is shut down and the
OSTS bit is cleared.
FIGURE 4-3:
TRANSITION TIMING TO RC_RUN MODE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
1
2
3
n-1
n
INTRC
OSC1
Clock Transition
CPU
Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC
PC + 2
PC + 4
FIGURE 4-4:
TRANSITION TIMING FROM RC_RUN MODE TO PRI_RUN MODE
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3
Q1
Q2
INTRC
OSC1
(1)
TOST
(1)
TPLL
1
2
n-1
n
PLL Clock
Output
Clock
Transition
CPU Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC + 2
PC + 4
PC
SCS<1:0> Bits Changed
OSTS Bit Set
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
DS39663F-page 42
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
4.3
Sleep Mode
4.4
Idle Modes
The power-managed Sleep mode is identical to the
legacy Sleep mode offered in all other PIC devices. It is
entered by clearing the IDLEN bit (the default state on
device Reset) and executing the SLEEP instruction.
This shuts down the selected oscillator (Figure 4-5). All
clock source status bits are cleared.
The Idle modes allow the controller’s CPU to be
selectively shut down while the peripherals continue to
operate. Selecting a particular Idle mode allows users
to further manage power consumption.
If the IDLEN bit is set to a ‘1’ when a SLEEPinstruction is
executed, the peripherals will be clocked from the clock
source selected using the SCS<1:0> bits; however, the
CPU will not be clocked. The clock source status bits are
not affected. Setting IDLEN and executing a SLEEP
instruction provides a quick method of switching from a
given Run mode to its corresponding Idle mode.
Entering the Sleep mode from any other mode does not
require a clock switch. This is because no clocks are
needed once the controller has entered Sleep. If the
WDT is selected, the INTRC source will continue to
operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also
continue to run.
If the WDT is selected, the INTRC source will continue
to operate. If the Timer1 oscillator is enabled, it will also
continue to run.
When a wake event occurs in Sleep mode (by interrupt,
Reset or WDT time-out), the device will not be clocked
until the clock source selected by the SCS<1:0> bits
becomes ready (see Figure 4-6), or it will be clocked
from the internal oscillator if either the Two-Speed
Start-up or the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor are enabled
(see Section 24.0 “Special Features of the CPU”). In
either case, the OSTS bit is set when the primary clock
is providing the device clocks. The IDLEN and SCS bits
are not affected by the wake-up.
Since the CPU is not executing instructions, the only
exits from any of the Idle modes are by interrupt, WDT
time-out or a Reset. When a wake event occurs, CPU
execution is delayed by an interval of TCSD
(parameter 38, Table 27-12) while it becomes ready to
execute code. When the CPU begins executing code,
it resumes with the same clock source for the current
Idle mode. For example, when waking from RC_IDLE
mode, the internal oscillator block will clock the CPU
and peripherals (in other words, RC_RUN mode). The
IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up.
While in any Idle mode or the Sleep mode, a WDT
time-out will result in a WDT wake-up to the Run mode
currently specified by the SCS<1:0> bits.
FIGURE 4-5:
TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO SLEEP MODE
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1
OSC1
CPU
Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Sleep
Program
Counter
PC
PC + 2
FIGURE 4-6:
TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM SLEEP (HSPLL)
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Q1
OSC1
(1)
(1)
TOST
TPLL
PLL Clock
Output
CPU Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC
PC + 2
PC + 4
PC + 6
Wake Event
OSTS Bit Set
Note1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 43
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
4.4.1
PRI_IDLE MODE
4.4.2
SEC_IDLE MODE
This mode is unique among the three low-power Idle
modes, in that it does not disable the primary device
clock. For timing-sensitive applications, this allows for
the fastest resumption of device operation with its more
accurate primary clock source, since the clock source
does not have to “warm up” or transition from another
oscillator.
In SEC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the
peripherals continue to be clocked from the Timer1
oscillator. This mode is entered from SEC_RUN by set-
ting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEPinstruction. If
the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN first, then
set SCS<1:0> to ‘01’ and execute SLEEP. When the
clock source is switched to the Timer1 oscillator, the
primary oscillator is shut down, the OSTS bit is cleared
and the T1RUN bit is set.
PRI_IDLE mode is entered from PRI_RUN mode by
setting the IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruc-
tion. If the device is in another Run mode, set IDLEN
first, then set the SCS bits to ‘10’ and execute SLEEP.
Although the CPU is disabled, the peripherals continue
to be clocked from the primary clock source specified
by the FOSC<1:0> Configuration bits. The OSTS bit
remains set (see Figure 4-7).
When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to
be clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. After an interval
of TCSD following the wake event, the CPU begins exe-
cuting code being clocked by the Timer1 oscillator. The
IDLEN and SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up;
the Timer1 oscillator continues to run (see Figure 4-8).
When a wake event occurs, the CPU is clocked from the
primary clock source. A delay of interval, TCSD, is
required between the wake event and when code
execution starts. This is required to allow the CPU to
become ready to execute instructions. After the
wake-up, the OSTS bit remains set. The IDLEN and
SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up (see
Figure 4-8).
Note:
The Timer1 oscillator should already be
running prior to entering SEC_IDLE mode.
If the T1OSCEN bit is not set when the
SLEEPinstruction is executed, the SLEEP
instruction will be ignored and entry to
SEC_IDLE mode will not occur. If the
Timer1 oscillator is enabled, but not yet
running, peripheral clocks will be delayed
until the oscillator has started. In such
situations, initial oscillator operation is far
from stable and unpredictable operation
may result.
FIGURE 4-7:
TRANSITION TIMING FOR ENTRY TO IDLE MODE
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q1
Q2
OSC1
CPU Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC
PC + 2
FIGURE 4-8:
TRANSITION TIMING FOR WAKE FROM IDLE TO RUN MODE
Q1
Q3
Q4
Q2
OSC1
TCSD
CPU Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC
Wake Event
DS39663F-page 44
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
4.4.3
RC_IDLE MODE
4.5.2
EXIT BY WDT TIME-OUT
In RC_IDLE mode, the CPU is disabled but the
peripherals continue to be clocked from the internal
oscillator. This mode allows for controllable power
conservation during Idle periods.
A WDT time-out will cause different actions depending
on which power-managed mode the device is in when
the time-out occurs.
If the device is not executing code (all Idle modes and
Sleep mode), the time-out will result in an exit from the
power-managed mode (see Section 4.2 “Run
Modes” and Section 4.3 “Sleep Mode”). If the device
is executing code (all Run modes), the time-out will
result in a WDT Reset (see Section 24.2 “Watchdog
Timer (WDT)”).
From RC_RUN, this mode is entered by setting the
IDLEN bit and executing a SLEEP instruction. If the
device is in another Run mode, first set IDLEN, then
clear the SCS bits and execute SLEEP. When the clock
source is switched to the INTRC, the primary oscillator
is shut down and the OSTS bit is cleared.
When a wake event occurs, the peripherals continue to
be clocked from the INTRC. After a delay of TCSD
following the wake event, the CPU begins executing
code being clocked by the INTRC. The IDLEN and
SCS bits are not affected by the wake-up. The INTRC
source will continue to run if either the WDT or the
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled.
The Watchdog Timer and postscaler are cleared by one
of the following events:
• executing a SLEEPor CLRWDTinstruction
• the loss of a currently selected clock source (if the
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor is enabled)
4.5.3
EXIT BY RESET
Exiting an Idle or Sleep mode by Reset automatically
forces the device to run from the INTRC.
4.5
Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes
An exit from Sleep mode, or any of the Idle modes, is
triggered by an interrupt, a Reset or a WDT time-out.
This section discusses the triggers that cause exits
from power-managed modes. The clocking subsystem
actions are discussed in each of the power-managed
modes sections (see Section 4.2 “Run Modes”,
Section 4.3 “Sleep Mode” and Section 4.4 “Idle
Modes”).
4.5.4
EXIT WITHOUT AN OSCILLATOR
START-UP DELAY
Certain exits from power-managed modes do not
invoke the OST at all. There are two cases:
• PRI_IDLE mode, where the primary clock source
is not stopped; and
• the primary clock source is either the EC or
ECPLL mode.
4.5.1
EXIT BY INTERRUPT
Any of the available interrupt sources can cause the
device to exit from an Idle mode, or the Sleep mode, to
a Run mode. To enable this functionality, an interrupt
source must be enabled by setting its enable bit in one
of the INTCON or PIE registers. The exit sequence is
initiated when the corresponding interrupt flag bit is set.
In these instances, the primary clock source either
does not require an oscillator start-up delay, since it is
already running (PRI_IDLE), or normally does not
require an oscillator start-up delay (EC). However, a
fixed delay of interval, TCSD, following the wake event
is still required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes to
allow the CPU to prepare for execution. Instruction
execution resumes on the first clock cycle following this
delay.
On all exits from Idle or Sleep modes by interrupt, code
execution branches to the interrupt vector if the
GIE/GIEH bit (INTCON<7>) is set. Otherwise, code
execution continues or resumes without branching
(see Section 10.0 “Interrupts”).
A fixed delay of interval TCSD following the wake event
is required when leaving Sleep and Idle modes. This
delay is required for the CPU to prepare for execution.
Instruction execution resumes on the first clock cycle
following this delay.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 45
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 46
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
5.1
RCON Register
5.0
RESET
Device Reset events are tracked through the RCON
register (Register ). The lower five bits of the register
indicate that a specific Reset event has occurred. In
most cases, these bits can only be set by the event and
must be cleared by the application after the event. The
state of these flag bits, taken together, can be read to
indicate the type of Reset that just occurred. This is
described in more detail in Section 5.6 “Reset State
of Registers”.
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices differentiate
between various kinds of Reset:
a) Power-on Reset (POR)
b) MCLR Reset during normal operation
c) MCLR Reset during power-managed modes
d) Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset (during
execution)
e) Brown-out Reset (BOR)
f) RESETInstruction
The RCON register also has a control bit for setting
interrupt priority (IPEN). Interrupt priority is discussed
in Section 10.0 “Interrupts”.
g) Stack Full Reset
h) Stack Underflow Reset
This section discusses Resets generated by MCLR,
POR and BOR and covers the operation of the various
start-up timers. Stack Reset events are covered in
Section 6.1.6.4 “Stack Full and Underflow Resets”.
WDT Resets are covered in Section 24.2 “Watchdog
Timer (WDT)”.
A simplified block diagram of the on-chip Reset circuit
is shown in Figure 5-1.
FIGURE 5-1:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ON-CHIP RESET CIRCUIT
RESET
Instruction
Stack Full/Underflow Reset
External Reset
Stack
Pointer
MCLR
( )_IDLE
Sleep
WDT
Time-out
VDD Rise
Detect
POR Pulse
VDD
Brown-out
Reset
(1)
S
PWRT
32 μs
Chip_Reset
65.5 ms
PWRT
11-Bit Ripple Counter
R
Q
INTRC
Note 1: The ENVREG pin must be tied high to enable Brown-out Reset. The Brown-out Reset is provided by the on-chip
voltage regulator when there is insufficient source voltage to maintain regulation.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 47
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 5-1:
RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
IPEN
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
RI
R-1
TO
R-1
PD
R/W-0
POR
R/W-0
BOR
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit
1= Enable priority levels on interrupts
0= Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)
bit 6-5
bit 4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
RI: RESETInstruction Flag bit
1= The RESETinstruction was not executed (set by firmware only)
0= The RESET instruction was executed causing a device Reset (must be set in software after a
Brown-out Reset occurs)
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit
1= Set by power-up, CLRWDTinstruction or SLEEPinstruction
0= A WDT time-out occurred
PD: Power-Down Detection Flag bit
1= Set by power-up or by the CLRWDTinstruction
0= Set by execution of the SLEEPinstruction
POR: Power-on Reset Status bit
1= A Power-on Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only)
0= A Power-on Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Power-on Reset occurs)
BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
1= A Brown-out Reset has not occurred (set by firmware only)
0= A Brown-out Reset occurred (must be set in software after a Brown-out Reset occurs)
Note 1: It is recommended that the POR bit be set after a Power-on Reset has been detected, so that subsequent
Power-on Resets may be detected.
2: If the on-chip voltage regulator is disabled, BOR remains ‘0’ at all times. See Section 5.4.1 “Detecting
BOR” for more information.
3: Brown-out Reset is said to have occurred when BOR is ‘0’ and POR is ‘1’ (assuming that POR was set to
‘1’ by software immediately after a Power-on Reset.
DS39663F-page 48
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 5-2:
EXTERNAL POWER-ON
RESET CIRCUIT (FOR
SLOW VDD POWER-UP)
5.2
Master Clear (MCLR)
The MCLR pin provides a method for triggering a hard
external Reset of the device. A Reset is generated by
holding the pin low. PIC18 extended microcontroller
devices have a noise filter in the MCLR Reset path
which detects and ignores small pulses.
VDD
VDD
D
R
The MCLR pin is not driven low by any internal Resets,
including the WDT.
R1
MCLR
PIC18F87J10
C
5.3
Power-on Reset (POR)
A Power-on Reset condition is generated on-chip
whenever VDD rises above a certain threshold. This
allows the device to start in the initialized state when
VDD is adequate for operation.
Note 1: External Power-on Reset circuit is required
only if the VDD power-up slope is too slow.
The diode D helps discharge the capacitor
quickly when VDD powers down.
To take advantage of the POR circuitry, tie the MCLR
pin through a resistor (1 kΩ to 10 kΩ) to VDD. This will
eliminate external RC components usually needed to
create a Power-on Reset delay. A minimum rise rate for
VDD is specified (parameter D004). For a slow rise
time, see Figure 5-2.
2: R < 40 kΩ is recommended to make sure that
the voltage drop across R does not violate
the device’s electrical specification.
3: R1 ≥ 1 kΩ will limit any current flowing into
MCLR from external capacitor C, in the event
of MCLR/VPP pin breakdown, due to
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) or Electrical
Overstress (EOS).
When the device starts normal operation (i.e., exits the
Reset condition), device operating parameters
(voltage, frequency, temperature, etc.) must be met to
ensure operation. If these conditions are not met, the
device must be held in Reset until the operating
conditions are met.
5.4.1
DETECTING BOR
The BOR bit always resets to ‘0’ on any BOR or POR
event. This makes it difficult to determine if a BOR
event has occurred just by reading the state of BOR
alone. A more reliable method is to simultaneously
check the state of both POR and BOR. This assumes
that the POR bit is reset to ‘1’ in software immediately
after any POR event. If BOR is ‘0’ while POR is ‘1’, it
can be reliably assumed that a BOR event has
occurred.
POR events are captured by the POR bit (RCON<1>).
The state of the bit is set to ‘0’ whenever a POR occurs;
it does not change for any other Reset event. POR is
not reset to ‘1’ by any hardware event. To capture
multiple events, the user manually resets the bit to ‘1’
in software following any POR.
5.4
Brown-out Reset (BOR)
If the voltage regulator is disabled, Brown-out Reset
functionality is disabled. In this case, the BOR bit
cannot be used to determine a BOR event. The BOR
bit is still cleared by a POR event.
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices incorporate a
simple BOR function when the internal regulator is
enabled (ENVREG pin is tied to VDD). Any drop of VDD
below VBOR (parameter D005) for greater than time
TBOR (parameter 35) will reset the device. A Reset may
or may not occur if VDD falls below VBOR for less than
TBOR. The chip will remain in Brown-out Reset until
VDD rises above VBOR.
Once a BOR has occurred, the Power-up Timer will
keep the chip in Reset for TPWRT (parameter 33). If
VDD drops below VBOR while the Power-up Timer is
running, the chip will go back into a Brown-out Reset
and the Power-up Timer will be initialized. Once VDD
rises above VBOR, the Power-up Timer will execute the
additional time delay.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 49
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
5.5.1
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE
5.5
Power-up Timer (PWRT)
If enabled, the PWRT time-out is invoked after the POR
pulse has cleared. The total time-out will vary based on
the status of the PWRT. Figure 5-3, Figure 5-4,
Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6 all depict time-out
sequences on power-up with the Power-up Timer
enabled.
PIC18F87J10 family devices incorporate an on-chip
Power-up Timer (PWRT) to help regulate the Power-on
Reset process. The PWRT is always enabled. The
main function is to ensure that the device voltage is
stable before code is executed.
The Power-up Timer (PWRT) of the PIC18F87J10 family
devices is an 11-bit counter which uses the INTRC
source as the clock input. This yields an approximate
time interval of 2048 x 32 μs = 65.6 ms. While the
PWRT is counting, the device is held in Reset.
Since the time-outs occur from the POR pulse, if MCLR
is kept low long enough, the PWRT will expire. Bringing
MCLR high will begin execution immediately
(Figure 5-5). This is useful for testing purposes, or to
synchronize more than one PIC18FXXXX device
operating in parallel.
The power-up time delay depends on the INTRC clock
and will vary from chip-to-chip due to temperature and
process variation. See DC parameter 33 for details.
FIGURE 5-3:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE < TPWRT)
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TPWRT
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 5-4:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 1
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TPWRT
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
DS39663F-page 50
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 5-5:
TIME-OUT SEQUENCE ON POWER-UP (MCLR NOT TIED TO VDD): CASE 2
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TPWRT
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
FIGURE 5-6:
SLOW RISE TIME (MCLR TIED TO VDD, VDD RISE > TPWRT)
3.3V
0V
1V
VDD
MCLR
INTERNAL POR
TPWRT
PWRT TIME-OUT
INTERNAL RESET
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 51
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Table 5-2 describes the Reset states for all of the
Special Function Registers. These are categorized by
Power-on and Brown-out Resets, Master Clear and
WDT Resets and WDT wake-ups.
5.6
Reset State of Registers
Most registers are unaffected by a Reset. Their status
is unknown on POR and unchanged by all other
Resets. The other registers are forced to a “Reset
state” depending on the type of Reset that occurred.
Most registers are not affected by a WDT wake-up,
since this is viewed as the resumption of normal
operation. Status bits from the RCON register, RI, TO,
PD, POR and BOR, are set or cleared differently in
different Reset situations, as indicated in Table 5-1.
These bits are used in software to determine the nature
of the Reset.
TABLE 5-1:
STATUS BITS, THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AND THE INITIALIZATION CONDITION FOR
RCON REGISTER
RCON Register
STKPTR Register
Program
Condition
Counter(1)
RI
TO
PD
POR
BOR
STKFUL STKUNF
Power-on Reset
RESETInstruction
Brown-out
0000h
0000h
0000h
0000h
1
0
1
u
1
u
1
1
1
u
1
u
0
u
u
u
0
u
0
u
0
u
u
u
0
u
u
u
MCLR during power-managed
Run modes
MCLR during power-managed
Idle modes and Sleep mode
0000h
0000h
0000h
u
u
u
1
0
u
0
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
WDT time-out during full-power
or power-managed Run modes
MCLR during full-power
execution
Stack Full Reset (STVREN = 1)
0000h
0000h
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
1
u
u
1
Stack Underflow Reset
(STVREN = 1)
Stack Underflow Error (not an
actual Reset, STVREN = 0)
0000h
u
u
u
0
u
0
u
u
u
u
u
u
1
u
WDT time-out during
power-managed Idle or Sleep
modes
PC + 2
Interrupt exit from
PC + 2
u
u
0
u
u
u
u
power-managed modes
Legend: u= unchanged
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEH or GIEL bits are set, the PC is loaded with the
interrupt vector (0008h or 0018h).
DS39663F-page 52
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 5-2:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS
MCLR Resets
WDT Reset
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Applicable Devices
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
TOSU
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
---0 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
00-0 0000
---0 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
--00 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 000x
1111 1111
1100 0000
N/A
---0 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uu-0 0000
---0 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
--00 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000 000u
1111 1111
1100 0000
N/A
---0 uuuu(1)
uuuu uuuu(1)
uuuu uuuu(1)
uu-u uuuu(1)
---u uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PC + 2(2)
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu(3)
uuuu uuuu(3)
uuuu uuuu(3)
N/A
TOSH
TOSL
STKPTR
PCLATU
PCLATH
PCL
TBLPTRU
TBLPTRH
TBLPTRL
TABLAT
PRODH
PRODL
INTCON
INTCON2
INTCON3
INDF0
POSTINC0
POSTDEC0
PREINC0
PLUSW0
FSR0H
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
---- xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
N/A
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
N/A
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
N/A
FSR0L
WREG
INDF1
POSTINC1
POSTDEC1
PREINC1
PLUSW1
FSR1H
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
---- xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---- 0000
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- 0000
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- uuuu
FSR1L
BSR
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 53
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 5-2:
INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
MCLR Resets
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Register
Applicable Devices
INDF2
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
N/A
N/A
N/A
POSTINC2
POSTDEC2
PREINC2
PLUSW2
FSR2H
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
---- xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---x xxxx
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
1111 1111
0--- q-00
---- ---0
0--1 1100
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
-000 0000
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0-00 0000
--00 0000
0-00 0000
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---u uuuu
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
1111 1111
0--- q-00
---- ---0
0--q qquu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
u0uu uuuu
0000 0000
1111 1111
-000 0000
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0-00 0000
--00 0000
0-00 0000
---- uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---u uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
u--- q-uu
---- ---u
u--u qquu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
1111 1111
-uuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
u-uu uuuu
--uu uuuu
u-uu uuuu
FSR2L
STATUS
TMR0H
TMR0L
T0CON
OSCCON
WDTCON
RCON(4)
TMR1H
TMR1L
T1CON
TMR2
PR2
T2CON
SSP1BUF
SSP1ADD
SSP1STAT
SSP1CON1
SSP1CON2
ADRESH
ADRESL
ADCON0
ADCON1
ADCON2
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
DS39663F-page 54
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 5-2:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
MCLR Resets
WDT Reset
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Applicable Devices
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
CCPR1H
CCPR1L
CCP1CON
CCPR2H
CCPR2L
CCP2CON
CCPR3H
CCPR3L
CCP3CON
ECCP1AS
CVRCON
CMCON
TMR3H
TMR3L
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0111
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0000 ----
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
0000 0010
0000 000x
---- ----
---0 x00-
1111 1111
0000 0000
0000 0000
11-- 1-11
00-- 0-00
00-- 0-00
1111 1111
0000 0000
0000 0000
0-00 --00
-0-- ----
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0111
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
0000 ----
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
0000 0010
0000 000x
---- ----
---0 u00-
1111 1111
0000 0000
0000 0000
11-- 1-11
00-- 0-00
00-- 0-00
1111 1111
0000 0000
0000 0000
0-00 --00
-0-- ----
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu ----
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---- ----
---0 u00-
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu(3)
uuuu uuuu
uu-- u-uu
uu-- u-uu(3)
uu-- u-uu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu(3)
uuuu uuuu
u-uu --uu
-u-- ----
T3CON
PSPCON
SPBRG1
RCREG1
TXREG1
TXSTA1
RCSTA1
EECON2
EECON1
IPR3
PIR3
PIE3
IPR2
PIR2
PIE2
IPR1
PIR1
PIE1
MEMCON
OSCTUNE
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 55
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 5-2:
INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
MCLR Resets
WDT Reset
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Register
Applicable Devices
TRISJ
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
1111 1111
1111 1111
---1 1111
1111 111-
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
--11 1111
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---x xxxx
xxxx xxx-
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--xx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
0000 xxxx
111x xxxx
x000 000-
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--0x 0000
0000 0000
01-0 0-00
0000 0000
01-0 0-00
1111 1111
1111 1111
---1 1111
1111 111-
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
1111 1111
--11 1111
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---u uuuu
uuuu uuu-
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
111u uuuu
x000 000-
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--0u 0000
0000 0000
01-0 0-00
0000 0000
01-0 0-00
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---u uuuu
uuuu uuu-
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
---u uuuu
uuuu uuu-
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuu-
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uu-u u-uu
uuuu uuuu
uu-u u-uu
TRISH
TRISG
TRISF
TRISE
TRISD
TRISC
TRISB
TRISA
LATJ
LATH
LATG
LATF
LATE
LATD
LATC
LATB
LATA
PORTJ
PORTH
PORTG
PORTF
PORTE
PORTD
PORTC
PORTB
PORTA
SPBRGH1
BAUDCON1
SPBRG2
BAUDCON2
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
DS39663F-page 56
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 5-2:
Register
INITIALIZATION CONDITIONS FOR ALL REGISTERS (CONTINUED)
MCLR Resets
WDT Reset
Power-on Reset,
Brown-out Reset
Wake-up via WDT
or Interrupt
Applicable Devices
RESET Instruction
Stack Resets
ECCP1DEL
TMR4
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
PIC18F6XJ1X PIC18F8XJ1X
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
-000 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
--00 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0010
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
xxxx xxxx
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
1111 1111
-000 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--00 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--00 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0010
0000 000x
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
1111 1111
-uuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
--uu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
uuuu uuuu
PR4
T4CON
CCPR4H
CCPR4L
CCP4CON
CCPR5H
CCPR5L
CCP5CON
SPBRG2
RCREG2
TXREG2
TXSTA2
RCSTA2
ECCP3AS
ECCP3DEL
ECCP2AS
ECCP2DEL
SSP2BUF
SSP2ADD
SSP2STAT
SSP2CON1
SSP2CON2
Legend: u= unchanged, x= unknown, -= unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’, q= value depends on condition.
Shaded cells indicate conditions do not apply for the designated device.
Note 1: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the TOSU, TOSH and TOSL are
updated with the current value of the PC. The STKPTR is modified to point to the next location in the
hardware stack.
2: When the wake-up is due to an interrupt and the GIEL or GIEH bit is set, the PC is loaded with the interrupt
vector (0008h or 0018h).
3: One or more bits in the INTCONx or PIRx registers will be affected (to cause wake-up).
4: See Table 5-1 for Reset value for specific condition.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 57
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 58
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
6.1
Program Memory Organization
6.0
MEMORY ORGANIZATION
PIC18 microcontrollers implement a 21-bit program
counter which is capable of addressing a 2-Mbyte
program memory space. Accessing a location between
the upper boundary of the physically implemented
memory and the 2-Mbyte address will return all ‘0’s (a
NOPinstruction).
There are two types of memory in PIC18 Flash
microcontroller devices:
• Program Memory
• Data RAM
As Harvard architecture devices, the data and program
memories use separate busses; this allows for
concurrent access of the two memory spaces.
The entire PIC18F87J10 family offers a range of
on-chip Flash program memory sizes, from 32 Kbytes
(up to 16,384 single-word instructions) to 128 Kbytes
(65,536 single-word instructions). The program
memory maps for individual family members are shown
in Figure 6-3.
Additional detailed information on the operation of the
Flash program memory is provided in Section 7.0
“Flash Program Memory”.
FIGURE 6-1:
MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY DEVICES
PC<20:0>
21
CALL, CALLW, RCALL,
RETURN, RETFIE, RETLW,
ADDULNK, SUBULNK
Stack Level 1
•
•
•
Stack Level 31
PIC18FX5J10
PIC18FX5J15
PIC18FX6J10
PIC18FX6J15
PIC18FX7J10
000000h
On-Chip
Memory
On-Chip
Memory
On-Chip
Memory
On-Chip
Memory
On-Chip
Memory
005FFFh
007FFFh
Config. Words
Config. Words
00BFFFh
00FFFFh
Config. Words
Config. Words
017FFFh
01FFFFh
Config. Words
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
Unimplemented
Read as ‘0’
Read as ‘0’
Read as ‘0’
Read as ‘0’
Read as ‘0’
1FFFFFh
Note:
Sizes of memory areas are not to scale. Sizes of program memory areas are enhanced to show detail.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 59
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
6.1.1
HARD MEMORY VECTORS
6.1.2
FLASH CONFIGURATION WORDS
All PIC18 devices have a total of three hard-coded
return vectors in their program memory space. The
Reset vector address is the default value to which the
program counter returns on all device Resets; it is
located at 0000h.
Because PIC18F87J10 family devices do not have per-
sistent configuration memory, the top four words of
on-chip program memory are reserved for configuration
information. On Reset, the configuration information is
copied into the Configuration registers.
PIC18 devices also have two interrupt vector
addresses for the handling of high-priority and
low-priority interrupts. The high-priority interrupt vector
is located at 0008h and the low-priority interrupt vector
is at 0018h. Their locations in relation to the program
memory map are shown in Figure 6-2.
The Configuration Words are stored in their program
memory location in numerical order, starting with the
lower byte of CONFIG1 at the lowest address and end-
ing with the upper byte of CONFIG4. For these devices,
only Configuration Words, CONFIG1 through
CONFIG3, are used; CONFIG4 is reserved. The actual
addresses of the Flash Configuration Word for devices
in the PIC18F87J10 family are shown in Table 6-1.
Their location in the memory map is shown with the
other memory vectors in Figure 6-2.
FIGURE 6-2:
HARD VECTOR AND
CONFIGURATION WORD
LOCATIONS FOR
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
DEVICES
Additional details on the device Configuration Words
are provided in Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits”.
TABLE 6-1:
FLASH CONFIGURATION
WORD FOR PIC18F87J10
FAMILY DEVICES
0000h
Reset Vector
High-Priority Interrupt Vector
Low-Priority Interrupt Vector
0008h
0018h
Program
Memory
(Kbytes)
Configuration
Word
Addresses
Device
PIC18F65J10
PIC18F85J10
PIC18F65J15
PIC18F85J15
PIC18F66J10
PIC18F86J10
PIC18F66J15
PIC18F86J15
PIC18F67J10
PIC18F87J10
32
48
7FF8h to 7FFFh
BFF8h to BFFFh
FFF8h to FFFFh
On-Chip
Program Memory
64
17FF8h to to
17FFFh
(Top of Memory-7)
(Top of Memory)
Flash Configuration Words
96
1FFF8h to to
1FFFFh
128
Read ‘0’
1FFFFFh
Legend:
(Top of Memory) represents upper boundary
of on-chip program memory space (see
Figure 6-1 for device-specific values).
Shaded area represents unimplemented
memory. Areas are not shown to scale.
DS39663F-page 60
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
• The Extended Microcontroller Mode allows
access to both internal and external program
memories as a single block. The device can
access its entire on-chip program memory; above
this, the device accesses external program
memory up to the 2-Mbyte program space limit.
Execution automatically switches between the
two memories as required.
6.1.3
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PROGRAM
MEMORY MODES
The 80-pin devices in this family can address up to a
total of 2 Mbytes of program memory. This is achieved
through the external memory bus. There are two
distinct operating modes available to the controllers:
• Microcontroller (MC)
• Extended Microcontroller (EMC)
The setting of the EMB Configuration bits also controls
the address bus width of the external memory bus. This
is covered in more detail in Section 8.0 “External
Memory Bus”.
The program memory mode is determined by setting
the EMB Configuration bits (CONFIG3L<5:4>), as
shown in Register 6-1. (See also Section 24.1
“Configuration Bits” for additional details on the
device Configuration bits.)
In all modes, the microcontroller has complete access
to data RAM.
The program memory modes operate as follows:
Figure 6-3 compares the memory maps of the different
program memory modes. The differences between
on-chip and external memory access limitations are
more fully explained in Table 6-2.
• The Microcontroller Mode accesses only on-chip
Flash memory. Attempts to read above the top of
on-chip memory causes a read of all ‘0’s (a NOP
instruction).
The Microcontroller mode is also the only operating
mode available to 64-pin devices.
REGISTER 6-1:
CONFIG3L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 LOW
R/WO-1
WAIT
R/WO-1
BW
R/WO-1
EMB1
R/WO-1
EMB0
R/WO-1
EASHFT
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value after erase
bit 7
Wait: External Bus Wait Enable bit
1= Wait states on the external bus are disabled
0= Wait states on the external bus are enabled and selected by MEMCON<5:4>
bit 6
BW: Data Bus Width Select bit
1= 16-Bit Data Width modes
0= 8-Bit Data Width modes
bit 5-4
EMB<1:0>: External Memory Bus Configuration bits
11= Microcontroller mode, external bus disabled
10= Extended Microcontroller mode, 12-bit address width for external bus
01= Extended Microcontroller mode, 16-bit address width for external bus
00= Extended Microcontroller mode, 20-bit address width for external bus
bit 3
EASHFT: External Address Bus Shift Enable bit
1= Address shifting enabled – external address bus is shifted to start at 000000h
0= Address shifting disabled – external address bus reflects the PC value
bit 2-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 61
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
To avoid this, the Extended Microcontroller mode
implements an address shifting option to enable auto-
matic address translation. In this mode, addresses
presented on the external bus are shifted down by the
size of the on-chip program memory and are remapped
to start at 0000h. This allows the complete use of the
external memory device’s memory space.
6.1.4
EXTENDED MICROCONTROLLER
MODE AND ADDRESS SHIFTING
By default, devices in Extended Microcontroller mode
directly present the program counter value on the
external address bus for those addresses in the range
of the external memory space. In practical terms, this
means addresses in the external memory device below
the top of on-chip memory are unavailable.
FIGURE 6-3:
MEMORY MAPS FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY PROGRAM MEMORY MODES
(1)
(2)
Extended Microcontroller Mode
Microcontroller Mode
Extended Microcontroller Mode
(2)
with Address Shifting
On-Chip
Memory
Space
On-Chip
Memory
Space
External
Memory
Space
External
Memory
Space
On-Chip
Memory
Space
000000h
000000h
000000h
On-Chip
Program
Memory
On-Chip
Program
Memory
On-Chip
Program
Memory
No
Access
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory) + 1
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory) + 1
(Top of Memory)
(Top of Memory) + 1
External
Memory
Mapped
to
External
Memory
Space
Reads
‘0’s
Mapped
to
External
Memory
Space
External
Memory
1FFFFFh –
(Top of Memory)
1FFFFFh
1FFFFFh
1FFFFFh
Legend:
(Top of Memory) represents upper boundary of on-chip program memory space (see Figure 6-1 for device-specific
values). Shaded areas represent unimplemented, or inaccessible areas, depending on the mode.
Note 1: This mode is the only available mode on 64-pin devices and the default on 80-pin devices.
2: These modes are only available on 80-pin devices.
TABLE 6-2:
MEMORY ACCESS FOR PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 PROGRAM MEMORY MODES
Internal Program Memory External Program Memory
Execution Table Read Table Write Execution Table Read Table Write
Operating Mode
From
From
To
From
From
To
Microcontroller
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No Access
Yes
No Access
Yes
No Access
Yes
Extended Microcontroller
DS39663F-page 62
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The stack operates as a 31-word by 21-bit RAM and a
5-bit Stack Pointer, STKPTR. The stack space is not
part of either program or data space. The Stack Pointer
is readable and writable and the address on the top of
the stack is readable and writable through the
Top-of-Stack Special Function Registers. Data can also
be pushed to, or popped from the stack, using these
registers.
6.1.5
PROGRAM COUNTER
The Program Counter (PC) specifies the address of the
instruction to fetch for execution. The PC is 21 bits wide
and is contained in three separate 8-bit registers. The
low byte, known as the PCL register, is both readable
and writable. The high byte, or PCH register, contains
the PC<15:8> bits; it is not directly readable or writable.
Updates to the PCH register are performed through the
PCLATH register. The upper byte is called PCU. This
register contains the PC<20:16> bits; it is also not
directly readable or writable. Updates to the PCU
register are performed through the PCLATU register.
A CALLtype instruction causes a push onto the stack.
The Stack Pointer is first incremented and the location
pointed to by the Stack Pointer is written with the
contents of the PC (already pointing to the instruction
following the CALL). A RETURNtype instruction causes
a pop from the stack. The contents of the location
pointed to by the STKPTR are transferred to the PC
and then the Stack Pointer is decremented.
The contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are transferred
to the program counter by any operation that writes
PCL. Similarly, the upper two bytes of the program
counter are transferred to PCLATH and PCLATU by an
operation that reads PCL. This is useful for computed
offsets to the PC (see Section 6.1.8.1 “Computed
GOTO”).
The Stack Pointer is initialized to ‘00000’ after all
Resets. There is no RAM associated with the location
corresponding to a Stack Pointer value of ‘00000’; this
is only a Reset value. Status bits indicate if the stack is
full, has overflowed or has underflowed.
The PC addresses bytes in the program memory. To
prevent the PC from becoming misaligned with word
instructions, the Least Significant bit of PCL is fixed to
a value of ‘0’. The PC increments by 2 to address
sequential instructions in the program memory.
6.1.6.1
Only the top of the return address stack (TOS) is read-
able and writable. set of three registers,
Top-of-Stack Access
A
The CALL, RCALL, GOTO and program branch
instructions write to the program counter directly. For
these instructions, the contents of PCLATH and
PCLATU are not transferred to the program counter.
TOSU:TOSH:TOSL, hold the contents of the stack
location pointed to by the STKPTR register
(Figure 6-4). This allows users to implement a software
stack if necessary. After a CALL, RCALLor interrupt
(and ADDULNK and SUBULNK instructions if the
extended instruction set is enabled), the software can
6.1.6
RETURN ADDRESS STACK
The return address stack allows any combination of up
to 31 program calls and interrupts to occur. The PC is
pushed onto the stack when a CALLor RCALLinstruc-
tion is executed, or an interrupt is Acknowledged. The
PC value is pulled off the stack on a RETURN, RETLW
or a RETFIE instruction (and on ADDULNK and
SUBULNKinstructions if the extended instruction set is
enabled). PCLATU and PCLATH are not affected by
any of the RETURNor CALLinstructions.
read
the
pushed
value
by
reading
the
TOSU:TOSH:TOSL registers. These values can be
placed on a user-defined software stack. At return time,
the software can return these values to
TOSU:TOSH:TOSL and do a return.
The user must disable the global interrupt enable bits
while accessing the stack to prevent inadvertent stack
corruption.
FIGURE 6-4:
RETURN ADDRESS STACK AND ASSOCIATED REGISTERS
Return Address Stack<20:0>
Stack Pointer
Top-of-Stack Registers
11111
11110
11101
STKPTR<4:0>
TOSU TOSH TOSL
00010
00h
1Ah
34h
00011
00010
00001
00000
001A34h
000D58h
Top-of-Stack
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 63
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
When the stack has been popped enough times to
unload the stack, the next pop will return a value of zero
to the PC and set the STKUNF bit, while the Stack
Pointer remains at zero. The STKUNF bit will remain
set until cleared by software or until a POR occurs.
6.1.6.2
Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR)
The STKPTR register (Register 6-2) contains the Stack
Pointer value, the STKFUL (Stack Full) status bit and
the STKUNF (Stack Underflow) status bit. The value of
the Stack Pointer can be 0 through 31. The Stack
Pointer increments before values are pushed onto the
stack and decrements after values are popped off the
stack. On Reset, the Stack Pointer value will be zero.
The user may read and write the Stack Pointer value.
This feature can be used by a Real-Time Operating
System (RTOS) for return stack maintenance.
Note:
Returning a value of zero to the PC on an
underflow has the effect of vectoring the
program to the Reset vector, where the
stack conditions can be verified and
appropriate actions can be taken. This is
not the same as a Reset, as the contents
of the SFRs are not affected.
After the PC is pushed onto the stack 31 times (without
popping any values off the stack), the STKFUL bit is
set. The STKFUL bit is cleared by software or by a
POR.
6.1.6.3
PUSHand POPInstructions
Since the Top-of-Stack is readable and writable, the
ability to push values onto the stack and pull values off
the stack, without disturbing normal program execu-
tion, is a desirable feature. The PIC18 instruction set
includes two instructions, PUSH and POP, that permit
the TOS to be manipulated under software control.
TOSU, TOSH and TOSL can be modified to place data
or a return address on the stack.
The action that takes place when the stack becomes
full depends on the state of the STVREN (Stack Over-
flow Reset Enable) Configuration bit. (Refer to
Section 24.1 “Configuration Bits” for a description of
the device Configuration bits.) If STVREN is set
(default), the 31st push will push the (PC + 2) value
onto the stack, set the STKFUL bit and reset the
device. The STKFUL bit will remain set and the Stack
Pointer will be set to zero.
The PUSHinstruction places the current PC value onto
the stack. This increments the Stack Pointer and loads
the current PC value onto the stack.
If STVREN is cleared, the STKFUL bit will be set on the
31st push and the Stack Pointer will increment to 31.
Any additional pushes will not overwrite the 31st push
and the STKPTR will remain at 31.
The POP instruction discards the current TOS by
decrementing the Stack Pointer. The previous value
pushed onto the stack then becomes the TOS value.
REGISTER 6-2:
STKPTR: STACK POINTER REGISTER
R/C-0
STKFUL(1)
bit 7
R/C-0
STKUNF(1)
U-0
—
R/W-0
SP4
R/W-0
SP3
R/W-0
SP2
R/W-0
SP1
R/W-0
SP0
bit 0
Legend:
C = Clearable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
R = Readable bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
bit 6
STKFUL: Stack Full Flag bit(1)
1= Stack became full or overflowed
0= Stack has not become full or overflowed
STKUNF: Stack Underflow Flag bit(1)
1= Stack underflow occurred
0= Stack underflow did not occur
bit 5
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 4-0
SP<4:0>: Stack Pointer Location bits
Note 1: Bit 7 and bit 6 are cleared by user software or by a POR.
DS39663F-page 64
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
6.1.6.4
Stack Full and Underflow Resets
6.1.8
LOOK-UP TABLES IN PROGRAM
MEMORY
Device Resets on stack overflow and stack underflow
conditions are enabled by setting the STVREN bit in
Configuration Register 1L. When STVREN is set, a full
or underflow condition will set the appropriate STKFUL
or STKUNF bit and then cause a device Reset. When
STVREN is cleared, a full or underflow condition will set
the appropriate STKFUL or STKUNF bit, but not cause
a device Reset. The STKFUL or STKUNF bit is cleared
by the user software or a Power-on Reset.
There may be programming situations that require the
creation of data structures, or look-up tables, in
program memory. For PIC18 devices, look-up tables
can be implemented in two ways:
• Computed GOTO
• Table Reads
6.1.8.1
Computed GOTO
6.1.7
FAST REGISTER STACK
A computed GOTOis accomplished by adding an offset
to the program counter. An example is shown in
Example 6-2.
A Fast Register Stack is provided for the STATUS,
WREG and BSR registers to provide a “fast return”
option for interrupts. This stack is only one level deep
and is neither readable nor writable. It is loaded with the
current value of the corresponding register when the
processor vectors for an interrupt. All interrupt sources
will push values into the Stack registers. The values in
the registers are then loaded back into the working
registers if the RETFIE, FAST instruction is used to
return from the interrupt.
A look-up table can be formed with an ADDWF PCL
instruction and a group of RETLW nninstructions. The
W register is loaded with an offset into the table before
executing a call to that table. The first instruction of the
called routine is the ADDWF PCLinstruction. The next
instruction executed will be one of the RETLW nn
instructions that returns the value ‘nn’ to the calling
function.
If both low and high-priority interrupts are enabled, the
Stack registers cannot be used reliably to return from
low-priority interrupts. If a high-priority interrupt occurs
while servicing a low-priority interrupt, the Stack
register values stored by the low-priority interrupt will
be overwritten. In these cases, users must save the key
registers in software during a low-priority interrupt.
The offset value (in WREG) specifies the number of
bytes that the program counter should advance and
should be multiples of 2 (LSb = 0).
In this method, only one data byte may be stored in
each instruction location and room on the return
address stack is required.
If interrupt priority is not used, all interrupts may use the
Fast Register Stack for returns from interrupt. If no
interrupts are used, the Fast Register Stack can be
used to restore the STATUS, WREG and BSR registers
at the end of a subroutine call. To use the Fast Register
Stack for a subroutine call, a CALL label, FAST
instruction must be executed to save the STATUS,
WREG and BSR registers to the Fast Register Stack. A
RETURN, FASTinstruction is then executed to restore
these registers from the Fast Register Stack.
EXAMPLE 6-2:
COMPUTED GOTO USING
AN OFFSET VALUE
OFFSET, W
TABLE
MOVF
CALL
ORG
TABLE
nn00h
ADDWF
RETLW
RETLW
RETLW
.
PCL
nnh
nnh
nnh
.
Example 6-1 shows a source code example that uses
the Fast Register Stack during a subroutine call and
return.
.
6.1.8.2
Table Reads
A better method of storing data in program memory
allows two bytes of data to be stored in each instruction
location.
EXAMPLE 6-1:
FAST REGISTER STACK
CODE EXAMPLE
;STATUS, WREG, BSR
;SAVED IN FAST REGISTER
;STACK
CALL SUB1, FAST
Look-up table data may be stored two bytes per
program word while programming. The Table Pointer
(TBLPTR) specifies the byte address and the Table
Latch (TABLAT) contains the data that is read from the
program memory. Data is transferred from program
memory one byte at a time.
•
•
SUB1
•
•
RETURN FAST
;RESTORE VALUES SAVED
;IN FAST REGISTER STACK
Table read operation is discussed further in
Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 65
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
6.2.2
INSTRUCTION FLOW/PIPELINING
6.2
PIC18 Instruction Cycle
An “Instruction Cycle” consists of four Q cycles, Q1
through Q4. The instruction fetch and execute are pipe-
lined in such a manner that a fetch takes one instruction
cycle, while the decode and execute takes another
instruction cycle. However, due to the pipelining, each
instruction effectively executes in one cycle. If an
instruction causes the program counter to change (e.g.,
GOTO), then two cycles are required to complete the
instruction (Example 6-3).
6.2.1
CLOCKING SCHEME
The microcontroller clock input, whether from an
internal or external source, is internally divided by four
to generate four non-overlapping quadrature clocks
(Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4). Internally, the program counter is
incremented on every Q1; the instruction is fetched
from the program memory and latched into the instruc-
tion register during Q4. The instruction is decoded and
executed during the following Q1 through Q4. The
clocks and instruction execution flow are shown in
Figure 6-5.
A fetch cycle begins with the Program Counter (PC)
incrementing in Q1.
In the execution cycle, the fetched instruction is latched
into the Instruction Register (IR) in cycle Q1. This
instruction is then decoded and executed during the
Q2, Q3 and Q4 cycles. Data memory is read during Q2
(operand read) and written during Q4 (destination
write).
FIGURE 6-5:
CLOCK/INSTRUCTION CYCLE
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q1
Q1
OSC1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Internal
Phase
Clock
PC
PC
PC + 2
PC + 4
OSC2/CLKO
(RC mode)
Execute INST (PC – 2)
Fetch INST (PC)
Execute INST (PC)
Fetch INST (PC + 2)
Execute INST (PC + 2)
Fetch INST (PC + 4)
EXAMPLE 6-3:
INSTRUCTION PIPELINE FLOW
TCY0
TCY1
TCY2
TCY3
TCY4
TCY5
1. MOVLW 55h
2. MOVWF PORTB
3. BRA SUB_1
Fetch 1
Execute 1
Fetch 2
Execute 2
Fetch 3
Execute 3
Fetch 4
4. BSF
PORTA, BIT3 (Forced NOP)
Flush (NOP)
5. Instruction @ address SUB_1
Fetch SUB_1 Execute SUB_1
All instructions are single cycle, except for any program branches. These take two cycles since the fetch instruction
is “flushed” from the pipeline while the new instruction is being fetched and then executed.
DS39663F-page 66
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The CALL and GOTO instructions have the absolute
program memory address embedded into the instruc-
tion. Since instructions are always stored on word
boundaries, the data contained in the instruction is a
word address. The word address is written to PC<20:1>
which accesses the desired byte address in program
memory. Instruction #2 in Figure 6-6 shows how the
instruction, GOTO 0006h, is encoded in the program
memory. Program branch instructions, which encode a
relative address offset, operate in the same manner. The
offset value stored in a branch instruction represents the
number of single-word instructions that the PC will be
offset by. Section 25.0 “Instruction Set Summary”
provides further details of the instruction set.
6.2.3
INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM
MEMORY
The program memory is addressed in bytes. Instruc-
tions are stored as two bytes or four bytes in program
memory. The Least Significant Byte of an instruction
word is always stored in a program memory location
with an even address (LSB = 0). To maintain alignment
with instruction boundaries, the PC increments in steps
of 2 and the LSB will always read ‘0’ (see Section 6.1.5
“Program Counter”).
Figure 6-6 shows an example of how instruction words
are stored in the program memory.
FIGURE 6-6:
INSTRUCTIONS IN PROGRAM MEMORY
Word Address
LSB = 1
LSB = 0
↓
Program Memory
Byte Locations →
000000h
000002h
000004h
000006h
000008h
00000Ah
00000Ch
00000Eh
000010h
000012h
000014h
Instruction 1:
Instruction 2:
MOVLW
GOTO
055h
0006h
0Fh
EFh
F0h
C1h
F4h
55h
03h
00h
23h
56h
Instruction 3:
MOVFF
123h, 456h
and used by the instruction sequence. If the first word
is skipped for some reason and the second word is
executed by itself, a NOP is executed instead. This is
necessary for cases when the two-word instruction is
preceded by a conditional instruction that changes the
PC. Example 6-4 shows how this works.
6.2.4
TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
The standard PIC18 instruction set has four two-word
instructions: CALL, MOVFF, GOTO and LSFR. In all
cases, the second word of the instructions always has
‘1111’ as its four Most Significant bits; the other 12 bits
are literal data, usually a data memory address.
Note:
See Section 6.5 “Program Memory and
the Extended Instruction Set” for
information on two-word instructions in the
extended instruction set.
The use of ‘1111’ in the 4 MSbs of an instruction
specifies a special form of NOP. If the instruction is
executed in proper sequence – immediately after the
first word – the data in the second word is accessed
EXAMPLE 6-4:
CASE 1:
TWO-WORD INSTRUCTIONS
Object Code
Source Code
0110 0110 0000 0000
1100 0001 0010 0011
1111 0100 0101 0110
0010 0100 0000 0000
CASE 2:
TSTFSZ
MOVFF
REG1
REG1, REG2 ; No, skip this word
; Execute this word as a NOP
; continue code
; is RAM location 0?
ADDWF
REG3
Object Code
Source Code
TSTFSZ
0110 0110 0000 0000
1100 0001 0010 0011
1111 0100 0101 0110
0010 0100 0000 0000
REG1
; is RAM location 0?
MOVFF
REG1, REG2 ; Yes, execute this word
; 2nd word of instruction
ADDWF
REG3
; continue code
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 67
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
6.3.1
BANK SELECT REGISTER
6.3
Data Memory Organization
Large areas of data memory require an efficient
addressing scheme to make rapid access to any
address possible. Ideally, this means that an entire
address does not need to be provided for each read or
write operation. For PIC18 devices, this is accom-
plished with a RAM banking scheme. This divides the
memory space into 16 contiguous banks of 256 bytes.
Depending on the instruction, each location can be
addressed directly by its full 12-bit address, or an 8-bit
low-order address and a 4-bit Bank Pointer.
Note:
The operation of some aspects of data
memory are changed when the PIC18
extended instruction set is enabled. See
Section 6.6 “Data Memory and the
Extended Instruction Set” for more
information.
The data memory in PIC18 devices is implemented as
static RAM. Each register in the data memory has a
12-bit address, allowing up to 4096 bytes of data
memory. The memory space is divided into as many as
16 banks that contain 256 bytes each. The
PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 devices, with up to
64 Kbytes of program memory, implement 8 complete
banks for a total of 2048 bytes. PIC18FX6J15 and
PIC18FX7J10 devices, with 96 or 128 Kbytes of
program memory, implement all available banks and
provide 3936 bytes of data memory available to the
user. Figure 6-7 and Figure 6-8 show the data memory
organization for the devices.
Most instructions in the PIC18 instruction set make use
of the Bank Pointer, known as the Bank Select Register
(BSR). This SFR holds the 4 Most Significant bits of a
location’s address; the instruction itself includes the
8 Least Significant bits. Only the four lower bits of the
BSR are implemented (BSR<3:0>). The upper four bits
are unused; they will always read ‘0’ and cannot be
written to. The BSR can be loaded directly by using the
MOVLBinstruction.
The value of the BSR indicates the bank in data
memory. The 8 bits in the instruction show the location
in the bank and can be thought of as an offset from the
bank’s lower boundary. The relationship between the
BSR’s value and the bank division in data memory is
shown in Figure 6-9.
The data memory contains Special Function Registers
(SFRs) and General Purpose Registers (GPRs). The
SFRs are used for control and status of the controller
and peripheral functions, while GPRs are used for data
storage and scratchpad operations in the user’s
application. Any read of an unimplemented location will
read as ‘0’s.
Since up to 16 registers may share the same low-order
address, the user must always be careful to ensure that
the proper bank is selected before performing a data
read or write. For example, writing what should be
program data to an 8-bit address of F9h while the BSR
is 0Fh, will end up resetting the program counter.
The instruction set and architecture allow operations
across all banks. The entire data memory may be
accessed by Direct, Indirect or Indexed Addressing
modes. Addressing modes are discussed later in this
section.
While any bank can be selected, only those banks that
are actually implemented can be read or written to.
Writes to unimplemented banks are ignored, while
reads from unimplemented banks will return ‘0’s. Even
so, the STATUS register will still be affected as if the
operation was successful. The data memory map in
Figure 6-7 indicates which banks are implemented.
To ensure that commonly used registers (select SFRs
and select GPRs) can be accessed in a single cycle,
PIC18 devices implement an Access Bank. This is a
256-byte memory space that provides fast access to
select SFRs and the lower portion of GPR Bank 0 with-
out using the BSR. Section 6.3.2 “Access Bank”
provides a detailed description of the Access RAM.
In the core PIC18 instruction set, only the MOVFF
instruction fully specifies the 12-bit address of the
source and target registers. This instruction ignores the
BSR completely when it executes. All other instructions
include only the low-order address as an operand and
must use either the BSR or the Access Bank to locate
their target registers.
DS39663F-page 68
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 6-7:
DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 DEVICES
When a = 0:
The BSR is ignored and the
BSR<3:0>
Data Memory Map
Access Bank is used.
00h
000h
05Fh
060h
0FFh
100h
Access RAM
GPR
The first 96 bytes are general
purpose RAM (from Bank 0).
= 0000
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Bank 4
Bank 5
Bank 6
Bank 7
FFh
00h
The second 160 bytes are
Special Function Registers
(from Bank 15).
= 0001
= 0010
= 0011
= 0100
= 0101
= 0110
= 0111
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
1FFh
200h
FFh
00h
When a = 1:
The BSR specifies the bank
used by the instruction.
FFh
00h
2FFh
300h
3FFh
400h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
4FFh
500h
FFh
00h
5FFh
600h
FFh
00h
6FFh
700h
Access Bank
00h
FFh
00h
7FFh
800h
Access RAM Low
5Fh
60h
Access RAM High
(SFRs)
FFh
= 1000
Bank 8
Unused
to
Read as ‘0’
= 1110
= 1111
Bank 14
Bank 15
EFFh
F00h
F5Fh
F60h
FFFh
FFh
00h
Unused
SFR
FFh
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 69
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 6-8:
DATA MEMORY MAP FOR PIC18FX6J15/X7J10 DEVICES
When a = 0:
The BSR is ignored and the
BSR<3:0>
Data Memory Map
Access Bank is used.
00h
000h
05Fh
060h
0FFh
100h
The first 96 bytes are general
purpose RAM (from Bank 0).
Access RAM
GPR
= 0000
Bank 0
Bank 1
Bank 2
Bank 3
Bank 4
Bank 5
Bank 6
Bank 7
Bank 8
Bank 9
Bank 10
Bank 11
Bank 12
Bank 13
Bank 14
Bank 15
The remaining 160 bytes are
Special Function Registers
(from Bank 15).
FFh
00h
= 0001
= 0010
= 0011
= 0100
= 0101
= 0110
= 0111
= 1000
= 1001
= 1010
= 1011
= 1100
= 1101
= 1110
= 1111
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
GPR
1FFh
200h
FFh
00h
When a = 1:
The BSR specifies the bank
used by the instruction.
FFh
00h
2FFh
300h
3FFh
400h
FFh
00h
FFh
00h
4FFh
500h
FFh
00h
5FFh
600h
Access Bank
FFh
00h
6FFh
700h
00h
Access RAM Low
5Fh
60h
FFh
00h
7FFh
800h
Access RAM High
(SFRs)
FFh
FFh
00h
8FFh
900h
FFh
00h
9FFh
A00h
FFh
00h
AFFh
B00h
FFh
00h
BFFh
C00h
FFh
00h
CFFh
D00h
FFh
00h
DFFh
E00h
EFFh
F00h
F5Fh
F60h
FFFh
FFh
00h
GPR
SFR
FFh
DS39663F-page 70
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 6-9:
USE OF THE BANK SELECT REGISTER (DIRECT ADDRESSING)
Data Memory
Bank 0
(2)
(1)
From Opcode
BSR
000h
100h
7
0
7
0
00h
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
FFh
00h
Bank 1
(2)
Bank Select
FFh
00h
200h
300h
Bank 2
FFh
00h
Bank 3
through
Bank 13
FFh
00h
E00h
Bank 14
Bank 15
FFh
00h
F00h
FFFh
FFh
Note 1: The Access RAM bit of the instruction can be used to force an override of the selected bank (BSR<3:0>) to
the registers of the Access Bank.
2: The MOVFFinstruction embeds the entire 12-bit address in the instruction.
Using this “forced” addressing allows the instruction to
operate on a data address in a single cycle without
updating the BSR first. For 8-bit addresses of 60h and
above, this means that users can evaluate and operate
on SFRs more efficiently. The Access RAM below 60h
is a good place for data values that the user might need
to access rapidly, such as immediate computational
results or common program variables. Access RAM
also allows for faster and more code efficient context
saving and switching of variables.
6.3.2
ACCESS BANK
While the use of the BSR with an embedded 8-bit
address allows users to address the entire range of
data memory, it also means that the user must always
ensure that the correct bank is selected. Otherwise,
data may be read from or written to the wrong location.
This can be disastrous if a GPR is the intended target
of an operation, but an SFR is written to instead.
Verifying and/or changing the BSR for each read or
write to data memory can become very inefficient.
The mapping of the Access Bank is slightly different
when the extended instruction set is enabled (XINST
Configuration bit = 1). This is discussed in more detail
in Section 6.6.3 “Mapping the Access Bank in
Indexed Literal Offset Mode”.
To streamline access for the most commonly used data
memory locations, the data memory is configured with
an Access Bank, which allows users to access a
mapped block of memory without specifying a BSR.
The Access Bank consists of the first 96 bytes of
memory (00h-5Fh) in Bank 0 and the last 160 bytes of
memory (60h-FFh) in Bank 15. The lower half is known
as the “Access RAM” and is composed of GPRs. The
upper half is where the device’s SFRs are mapped.
These two areas are mapped contiguously in the
Access Bank and can be addressed in a linear fashion
by an 8-bit address (Figure 6-7).
6.3.3
GENERAL PURPOSE
REGISTER FILE
PIC18 devices may have banked memory in the GPR
area. This is data RAM which is available for use by all
instructions. GPRs start at the bottom of Bank 0
(address 000h) and grow upwards towards the bottom
of the SFR area. GPRs are not initialized by a
Power-on Reset and are unchanged on all other
Resets.
The Access Bank is used by core PIC18 instructions
that include the Access RAM bit (the ‘a’ parameter in
the instruction). When ‘a’ is equal to ‘1’, the instruction
uses the BSR and the 8-bit address included in the
opcode for the data memory address. When ‘a’ is ‘0’,
however, the instruction is forced to use the Access
Bank address map; the current value of the BSR is
ignored entirely.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 71
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The SFRs can be classified into two sets: those
associated with the “core” device functionality (ALU,
Resets and interrupts) and those related to the
peripheral functions. The Reset and Interrupt registers
are described in their respective chapters, while the
ALU’s STATUS register is described later in this
section. Registers related to the operation of the
peripheral features are described in the chapter for that
peripheral.
6.3.4
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTERS
The Special Function Registers (SFRs) are registers
used by the CPU and peripheral modules for controlling
the desired operation of the device. These registers are
implemented as static RAM. SFRs start at the top of
data memory (FFFh) and extend downward to occupy
more than the top half of Bank 15 (F60h to FFFh). A list
of these registers is given in Table 6-3 and Table 6-4.
The SFRs are typically distributed among the
peripherals whose functions they control. Unused SFR
locations are unimplemented and read as ‘0’s.
TABLE 6-3:
SPECIAL FUNCTION REGISTER MAP FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY DEVICES
Address
Name
Address
Name
Address
Name
Address
Name
Address
Name
(1)
FFFh
FFEh
FFDh
TOSU
TOSH
TOSL
FDFh
INDF2
FBFh
FBEh
CCPR1H
CCPR1L
F9Fh
F9Eh
F9Dh
IPR1
PIR1
PIE1
F7Fh SPBRGH1
F7Eh BAUDCON1
F7Dh SPBRGH2
(1)
(1)
FDEh POSTINC2
FDDh POSTDEC2
FBDh CCP1CON
(1)
(3)
FFCh
FFBh
FFAh
FF9h
FF8h
FF7h
FF6h
FF5h
FF4h
FF3h
FF2h
FF1h
FF0h
FEFh
STKPTR
PCLATU
PCLATH
PCL
FDCh PREINC2
FBCh
FBBh
CCPR2H
CCPR2L
F9Ch MEMCON
F7Ch BAUDCON2
(1)
(2)
FDBh PLUSW2
F9Bh OSCTUNE
F7Bh
F7Ah
—
—
(3)
(2)
FDAh
FD9h
FD8h
FD7h
FD6h
FD5h
FD4h
FD3h
FD2h
FD1h
FD0h
FCFh
FCEh
FCDh
FCCh
FCBh
FCAh
FC9h
FC8h
FSR2H
FSR2L
FBAh CCP2CON
F9Ah
F99h
F98h
F97h
F96h
F95h
F94h
F93h
F92h
F91h
F90h
F8Fh
F8Eh
F8Dh
F8Ch
F8Bh
F8Ah
F89h
F88h
F87h
F86h
F85h
F84h
F83h
F82h
F81h
F80h
TRISJ
TRISH
(3)
FB9h
FB8h
CCPR3H
CCPR3L
F79h ECCP1DEL
TBLPTRU
TBLPTRH
TBLPTRL
TABLAT
PRODH
PRODL
STATUS
TMR0H
TMR0L
T0CON
TRISG
TRISF
TRISE
TRISD
TRISC
TRISB
TRISA
F78h
F77h
F76h
F75h
F74h
TMR4
PR4
FB7h CCP3CON
FB6h ECCP1AS
T4CON
CCPR4H
CCPR4L
FB5h
FB4h
FB3h
FB2h
FB1h
FB0h
FAFh
FAEh
FADh
FACh
FABh
FAAh
FA9h
FA8h
FA7h
FA6h
FA5h
FA4h
FA3h
FA2h
FA1h
FA0h
CVRCON
CMCON
TMR3H
(2)
—
OSCCON
F73h CCP4CON
(2)
INTCON
INTCON2
INTCON3
—
TMR3L
F72h
F71h
CCPR5H
CCPR5L
(3)
WDTCON
RCON
T3CON
LATJ
(3)
PSPCON
SPBRG1
RCREG1
TXREG1
TXSTA1
RCSTA1
LATH
F70h CCP5CON
(1)
INDF0
TMR1H
TMR1L
T1CON
TMR2
LATG
LATF
LATE
LATD
LATC
LATB
LATA
F6Fh
F6Eh
F6Dh
F6Ch
F6Bh
SPBRG2
RCREG2
TXREG2
TXSTA2
RCSTA2
(1)
(1)
FEEh POSTINC0
FEDh POSTDEC0
(1)
FECh PREINC0
(1)
FEBh PLUSW0
PR2
(2)
FEAh
FE9h
FE8h
FE7h
FSR0H
FSR0L
WREG
T2CON
SSP1BUF
SSP1ADD
—
F6Ah ECCP3AS
F69h ECCP3DEL
F68h ECCP2AS
F67h ECCP2DEL
(2)
—
(2)
(3)
—
PORTJ
PORTH
(1)
(3)
INDF1
FC7h SSP1STAT
FC6h SSP1CON1
FC5h SSP1CON2
EECON2
EECON1
IPR3
(1)
(1)
FE6h POSTINC1
PORTG
PORTF
PORTE
PORTD
PORTC
PORTB
PORTA
F66h
SSP2BUF
FE5h POSTDEC1
F65h SSP2ADD
F64h SSP2STAT
F63h SSP2CON1
(1)
FE4h PREINC1
FC4h
FC3h
FC2h
FC1h
FC0h
ADRESH
ADRESL
ADCON0
ADCON1
ADCON2
PIR3
(1)
FE3h PLUSW1
PIE3
FE2h
FE1h
FE0h
FSR1H
FSR1L
BSR
IPR2
F62h SSP2CON2
(2)
PIR2
F61h
F60h
—
—
(2)
PIE2
Note 1: This is not a physical register.
2: Unimplemented registers are read as ‘0’.
3: This register is not available on 64-pin devices.
DS39663F-page 72
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 6-4:
File Name
TOSU
REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY)
Value on
POR, BOR on page:
Details
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
—
—
—
Top-of-Stack Upper Byte (TOS<20:16>)
---0 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
00-0 0000
---0 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
--00 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
0000 0000
53, 63
53, 63
53, 63
53, 64
53, 63
53, 63
53, 63
53, 93
53, 93
53, 93
53, 93
TOSH
Top-of-Stack High Byte (TOS<15:8>)
Top-of-Stack Low Byte (TOS<7:0>)
TOSL
STKPTR
PCLATU
PCLATH
PCL
STKFUL
—
STKUNF
—
—
bit 21(1)
SP4
SP3
SP2
SP1
SP0
Holding Register for PC<20:16>
Holding Register for PC<15:8>
PC Low Byte (PC<7:0>)
TBLPTRU
TBLPTRH
TBLPTRL
TABLAT
PRODH
PRODL
INTCON
INTCON2
INTCON3
INDF0
—
—
bit 21
Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>)
Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>)
Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>)
Program Memory Table Latch
Product Register High Byte
xxxx xxxx 53, 107
xxxx xxxx 53, 107
0000 000x 53, 111
1111 1111 53, 112
1100 0000 53, 113
Product Register Low Byte
GIE/GIEH
RBPU
PEIE/GIEL
INTEDG0
INT1IP
TMR0IE
INTEDG1
INT3IE
INT0IE
INTEDG2
INT2IE
RBIE
INTEDG3
INT1IE
TMR0IF
TMR0IP
INT3IF
INT0IF
INT3IP
INT2IF
RBIF
RBIP
INT2IP
INT1IF
Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 not changed (not a physical register)
Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-incremented (not a physical register)
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
53, 79
53, 80
53, 80
53, 80
53, 80
POSTINC0
POSTDEC0 Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 post-decremented (not a physical register)
PREINC0
PLUSW0
Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register)
Uses contents of FSR0 to address data memory – value of FSR0 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –
value of FSR0 offset by W
FSR0H
FSR0L
—
—
—
—
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0 High Byte
---- xxxx
xxxx xxxx
xxxx xxxx
N/A
53, 79
53, 79
53
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 0 Low Byte
Working Register
WREG
INDF1
Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 not changed (not a physical register)
Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-incremented (not a physical register)
53, 79
53, 80
53, 80
53, 80
53, 80
POSTINC1
N/A
POSTDEC1 Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 post-decremented (not a physical register)
N/A
PREINC1
PLUSW1
Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register)
N/A
Uses contents of FSR1 to address data memory – value of FSR1 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –
value of FSR1 offset by W
N/A
FSR1H
FSR1L
BSR
—
—
—
—
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1 High Byte
---- xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---- 0000
N/A
53, 79
53, 79
53, 68
54, 79
54, 80
54, 80
54, 80
54, 80
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 1 Low Byte
—
—
—
—
Bank Select Register
INDF2
Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 not changed (not a physical register)
Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-incremented (not a physical register)
POSTINC2
N/A
POSTDEC2 Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 post-decremented (not a physical register)
N/A
PREINC2
PLUSW2
Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register)
N/A
Uses contents of FSR2 to address data memory – value of FSR2 pre-incremented (not a physical register) –
value of FSR2 offset by W
N/A
FSR2H
FSR2L
STATUS
—
—
—
—
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2 High Byte
---- xxxx
xxxx xxxx
---x xxxx
54, 79
54, 79
54, 78
Indirect Data Memory Address Pointer 2 Low Byte
—
—
—
N
OV
Z
DC
C
Legend:
Note 1:
2:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented, q= value depends on condition
Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are
shown for 80-pin devices.
3:
This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller
mode.
4:
5:
The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.
Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 73
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 6-4:
REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
Value on
POR, BOR on page:
Details
File Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
TMR0H
TMR0L
Timer0 Register High Byte
Timer0 Register Low Byte
0000 0000 54, 153
xxxx xxxx 54, 153
1111 1111 54, 151
T0CON
OSCCON
WDTCON
RCON
TMR0ON
IDLEN
—
T08BIT
—
T0CS
—
T0SE
—
PSA
OSTS(5)
—
T0PS2
—
T0PS1
SCS1
—
T0PS0
SCS0
0--- q-00
--- ---0
36, 54
—
—
—
—
SWDTEN
BOR
54, 287
IPEN
—
—
RI
TO
PD
POR
0--1 1100 48, 54,
123
TMR1H
TMR1L
T1CON
TMR2
Timer1 Register High Byte
Timer1 Register Low Byte
xxxx xxxx 54, 159
xxxx xxxx 54, 159
RD16
T1RUN
T1CKPS1
T1CKPS0
T1OSCEN
T1SYNC
TMR2ON
TMR1CS
T2CKPS1
TMR1ON 0000 0000 54, 155
0000 0000 54, 162
Timer2 Register
PR2
Timer2 Period Register
T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0
MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
1111 1111 54, 162
T2CON
SSP1BUF
—
T2CKPS0 -000 0000 54, 161
xxxx xxxx 54, 203,
238
SSP1ADD
SSP1STAT
MSSP1 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode)
0000 0000 54, 203
SMP
WCOL
GCEN
CKE
D/A
P
S
R/W
UA
BF
0000 0000 54, 194,
204
SSP1CON1
SSP1CON2
SSPOV
ACKSTAT
SSPEN
CKP
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
SEN
0000 0000 54, 195,
204
ACKDT/
ACKEN/
RCEN/
PEN/
RSEN/
0000 0000 54, 206
ADMSK5
ADMSK4
ADMSK3
ADMSK2
ADMSK1
ADRESH
ADRESL
A/D Result Register High Byte
A/D Result Register Low Byte
xxxx xxxx 54, 269
xxxx xxxx 54, 269
ADCON0
ADCON1
ADCON2
CCPR1H
CCPR1L
CCP1CON
CCPR2H
CCPR2L
CCP2CON
CCPR3H
CCPR3L
CCP3CON
ECCP1AS
CVRCON
CMCON
TMR3H
ADCAL
—
—
—
—
CHS3
VCFG1
ACQT2
CHS2
VCFG0
ACQT1
CHS1
PCFG3
ACQT0
CHS0
PCFG2
ADCS2
GO/DONE
PCFG1
ADON
PCFG0
ADCS0
0-00 0000 54, 261
--00 0000 54, 262
0-00 0000 54, 263
xxxx xxxx 55, 192
xxxx xxxx 55, 192
0000 0000 55, 177
xxxx xxxx 55, 192
xxxx xxxx 55, 192
0000 0000 55, 177
xxxx xxxx 55, 192
xxxx xxxx 55, 192
0000 0000 55, 177
ADFM
ADCS1
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte
P1M1
P1M0
DC1B1
DC1B0
CCP1M3
CCP2M3
CCP3M3
CCP1M2
CCP2M2
CCP3M2
CCP1M1
CCP2M1
CCP3M1
CCP1M0
CCP2M0
CCP3M0
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 High Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 2 Low Byte
P2M1
P2M0
DC2B1
DC2B0
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 High Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 1 Low Byte
P3M1
P3M0
DC3B1
DC3B0
ECCP1ASE ECCP1AS2 ECCP1AS1 ECCP1AS0 PSS1AC1
PSS1AC0 PSS1BD1(2) PSS1BD0(2) 0000 0000 55, 189
CVREN
C2OUT
CVROE
C1OUT
CVRR
C2INV
CVRSS
C1INV
CVR3
CIS
CVR2
CM2
CVR1
CM1
CVR0
CM0
0000 0000 55, 277
0000 0111 55, 271
xxxx xxxx 55, 165
xxxx xxxx 55, 165
Timer3 Register High Byte
Timer3 Register Low Byte
TMR3L
T3CON
RD16
IBF
T3CCP2
OBF
T3CKPS1
IBOV
T3CKPS0
T3CCP1
—
T3SYNC
—
TMR3CS
—
TMR3ON 0000 0000 55, 163
PSPCON
SPBRG1
RCREG1
PSPMODE
—
0000 ---- 55, 149
0000 0000 55, 243
EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
EUSART1 Receive Register
0000 0000 55, 251,
252
Legend:
Note 1:
2:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented, q= value depends on condition
Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are
shown for 80-pin devices.
3:
This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller
mode.
4:
5:
The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.
Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
DS39663F-page 74
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 6-4:
REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
Value on
POR, BOR on page:
Details
File Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
TXREG1
EUSART1 Transmit Register
xxxx xxxx 55, 249,
250
TXSTA1
RCSTA1
EECON2
EECON1
IPR3
CSRC
SPEN
TX9
RX9
TXEN
SREN
SYNC
CREN
SENDB
ADDEN
BRGH
FERR
TRMT
OERR
TX9D
RX9D
0000 0010 55, 240
0000 000x 55, 241
Program Memory Control Register 2 (not a physical register)
---- ----
---0 x00-
55
55
—
—
BCL2IP
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
CMIP
CMIF
CMIE
ADIP
ADIF
—
FREE
TX2IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
—
WRERR
TMR4IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
BCL1IP
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
SSP1IP
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
—
WREN
CCP5IP
CCP5IF
CCP5IE
—
WR
—
SSP2IP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
OSCFIP
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
PSPIP
PSPIF
PSPIE
EBDIS
—
RC2IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
—
CCP4IP
CCP4IF
CCP4IE
TMR3IP
TMR3IF
TMR3IE
TMR2IP
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
WM1
CCP3IP
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
CCP2IP
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
TMR1IP
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
WM0
1111 1111 55, 123
0000 0000 55, 117
0000 0000 55, 120
11-- 1-11 55, 121
00-- 0-00 55, 115
00-- 0-00 55, 120
1111 1111 55, 120
0000 0000 55, 114
0000 0000 55, 117
PIR3
PIE3
IPR2
PIR2
—
—
—
PIE2
—
—
—
IPR1
RC1IP
RC1IF
RC1IE
WAIT1
—
TX1IP
TX1IF
TX1IE
WAIT0
—
CCP1IP
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
—
PIR1
PIE1
ADIE
MEMCON(3)
OSCTUNE
TRISJ(2)
TRISH(2)
TRISG
TRISF
TRISE
TRISD
TRISC
TRISB
TRISA
LATJ(2)
LATH(2)
LATG
—
0-00 --00
-0-- ----
55, 96
33, 55
PLLEN(4)
TRISJ6
TRISH6
—
—
—
—
—
TRISJ7
TRISH7
—
TRISJ5
TRISH5
—
TRISJ4
TRISH4
TRISG4
TRISF4
TRISE4
TRISD4
TRISC4
TRISB4
TRISA4
LATJ4
LATH4
LATG4
LATF4
LATE4
LATD4
LATC4
LATB4
LATA4
RJ4
TRISJ3
TRISH3
TRISG3
TRISF3
TRISE3
TRISD3
TRISC3
TRISB3
TRISA3
LATJ3
LATH3
LATG3
LATF3
LATE3
LATD3
LATC3
LATB3
LATA3
RJ3
TRISJ2
TRISH2
TRISG2
TRISF2
TRISE2
TRISD2
TRISC2
TRISB2
TRISA2
LATJ2
LATH2
LATG2
LATF2
LATE2
LATD2
LATC2
LATB2
LATA2
RJ2
TRISJ1
TRISH1
TRISG1
TRISF1
TRISE1
TRISD1
TRISC1
TRISB1
TRISA1
LATJ1
LATH1
LATG1
LATF1
LATE1
LATD1
LATC1
LATB1
LATA1
RJ1
TRISJ0
TRISH0
TRISG0
—
1111 1111 56, 147
1111 1111 56, 145
---1 1111 56, 143
1111 111- 56, 141
1111 1111 56, 139
1111 1111 56, 136
1111 1111 56, 133
1111 1111 56, 130
--11 1111 56, 127
xxxx xxxx 56, 147
xxxx xxxx 56, 145
---x xxxx 56, 143
xxxx xxx- 56, 141
xxxx xxxx 56, 139
xxxx xxxx 56, 136
xxxx xxxx 56, 133
xxxx xxxx 56, 130
--xx xxxx 56, 127
xxxx xxxx 56, 147
0000 xxxx 56, 145
111x xxxx 56, 143
x000 000- 56, 141
xxxx xxxx 56, 139
xxxx xxxx 56, 136
xxxx xxxx 56, 133
xxxx xxxx 56, 130
--0x 0000 56, 127
TRISF7
TRISE7
TRISD7
TRISC7
TRISB7
—
TRISF6
TRISE6
TRISD6
TRISC6
TRISB6
—
TRISF5
TRISE5
TRISD5
TRISC5
TRISB5
TRISA5
LATJ5
LATH5
—
TRISE0
TRISD0
TRISC0
TRISB0
TRISA0
LATJ0
LATH0
LATG0
—
LATJ7
LATH7
—
LATJ6
LATH6
—
LATF
LATF7
LATE7
LATD7
LATC7
LATB7
—
LATF6
LATE6
LATD6
LATC6
LATB6
—
LATF5
LATE5
LATD5
LATC5
LATB5
LATA5
RJ5
LATE
LATE0
LATD0
LATC0
LATB0
LATA0
RJ0
LATD
LATC
LATB
LATA
PORTJ(2)
PORTH(2)
PORTG
PORTF
PORTE
PORTD
PORTC
PORTB
PORTA
RJ7
RJ6
RH7
RH6
RH5
RJPU(2)
RH4
RH3
RH2
RH1
RH0
RDPU
RF7
REPU
RF6
RG4
RG3
RG2
RG1
RG0
RF5
RF4
RF3
RF2
RF1
—
RE7
RE6
RE5
RE4
RE3
RE2
RE1
RE0
RD7
RD6
RD5
RD4
RD3
RD2
RD1
RD0
RC7
RC6
RC5
RC4
RC3
RC2
RC1
RC0
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0
—
—
RA5
RA4
RA3
RA2
RA1
RA0
Legend:
Note 1:
2:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented, q= value depends on condition
Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are
shown for 80-pin devices.
3:
This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller
mode.
4:
5:
The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.
Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 75
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 6-4:
REGISTER FILE SUMMARY (PIC18F87J10 FAMILY) (CONTINUED)
Value on
POR, BOR on page:
Details
File Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
SPBRGH1
BAUDCON1
SPBRGH2
BAUDCON2
ECCP1DEL
TMR4
EUSART1 Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
ABDOVF RCIDL SCKP
EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
0000 0000 56, 243
01-0 0-00 56, 242
0000 0000 56, 243
01-0 0-00 56, 242
0000 0000 57, 188
0000 0000 57, 168
1111 1111 57, 168
—
BRG16
—
WUE
ABDEN
ABDOVF
RCIDL
P1DC6
—
SCKP
BRG16
P1DC3
—
WUE
ABDEN
P1DC0
P1RSEN
P1DC5
P1DC4
P1DC2
P1DC1
Timer4 Register
PR4
Timer4 Period Register
T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0
T4CON
—
TMR4ON
CCP4M2
CCP5M2
T4CKPS1
CCP4M1
CCP5M1
T4CKPS0 -000 0000 57, 167
xxxx xxxx 57, 170
CCPR4H
CCPR4L
CCP4CON
CCPR5H
CCPR5L
CCP5CON
SPBRG2
RCREG2
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte
xxxx xxxx 57, 170
—
—
DC4B1
DC4B0
CCP4M3
CCP5M3
CCP4M0
CCP5M0
--00 0000 57, 169
xxxx xxxx 57, 170
xxxx xxxx 57, 170
--00 0000 57, 169
0000 0000 57, 243
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte
—
—
DC5B1
DC5B0
EUSART2 Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
EUSART2 Receive Register
0000 0000 57, 251,
252
TXREG2
EUSART2 Transmit Register
0000 0000 57, 249,
250
TXSTA2
CSRC
SPEN
TX9
RX9
TXEN
SREN
SYNC
CREN
SENDB
ADDEN
BRGH
FERR
TRMT
OERR
TX9D
RX9D
0000 0010 57, 240
0000 000x 57, 241
RCSTA2
ECCP3AS
ECCP3DEL
ECCP2AS
ECCP2DEL
SSP2BUF
ECCP3ASE ECCP3AS2 ECCP3AS1 ECCP3AS0 PSS3AC1
P3RSEN P3DC6 P3DC5 P3DC4 P3DC3
ECCP2ASE ECCP2AS2 ECCP2AS1 ECCP2AS0 PSS2AC1
P2RSEN P2DC6 P2DC5 P2DC4 P2DC3
MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
PSS3AC0
P3DC2
PSS3BD1
P3DC1
PSS3BD0 0000 0000 57, 189
P3DC0 0000 0000 57, 188
PSS2BD0 0000 0000 57, 189
PSS2AC0
P2DC2
PSS2BD1
P2DC1
P2DC0
0000 0000 57, 188
xxxx xxxx 57, 203,
238
SSP2ADD
SSP2STAT
MSSP2 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode), MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode)
0000 0000 57, 203
SMP
WCOL
GCEN
CKE
D/A
P
S
R/W
UA
BF
0000 0000 57, 194,
204
SSP2CON1
SSP2CON2
SSPOV
ACKSTAT
SSPEN
CKP
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
SEN
0000 0000 57, 206,
205
ACKDT/
ACKEN/
RCEN/
PEN/
RSEN/
0000 0000 57, 206
ADMSK5
ADMSK4
ADMSK3
ADMSK2
ADMSK1
Legend:
Note 1:
2:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented, q= value depends on condition
Bit 21 of the PC is only available in Serial Programming modes.
These bits and/or registers are only available in 80-pin devices; otherwise, they are unimplemented and read as ‘0’. Reset values are
shown for 80-pin devices.
3:
This register and its bits are not implemented in 64-pin devices. In 80-pin devices, the bits are unwritable and read as ‘0’ in Microcontroller
mode.
4:
5:
The PLLEN bit is available only when either ECPLL or HSPLL Oscillator modes are selected; otherwise, the bit is read as ‘0’.
Reset value is ‘0’ when Two-Speed Start-up is enabled and ‘1’ if disabled.
DS39663F-page 76
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
register then reads back as ‘000u u1uu’. It is recom-
mended, therefore, that only BCF, BSF, SWAPF, MOVFF
and MOVWFinstructions are used to alter the STATUS
register because these instructions do not affect the Z,
C, DC, OV or N bits in the STATUS register.
6.3.5
STATUS REGISTER
The STATUS register, shown in Register 6.4, contains
the arithmetic status of the ALU. The STATUS register
can be the operand for any instruction, as with any
other register. If the STATUS register is the destination
for an instruction that affects the Z, DC, C, OV or N bits,
then the write to these five bits is disabled.
For other instructions not affecting any Status bits, see
the instruction set summaries in Table 25-2 and
Table 25-3.
These bits are set or cleared according to the device
logic. Therefore, the result of an instruction with the
STATUS register as destination may be different than
intended. For example, CLRF STATUSwill set the Z bit
but leave the other bits unchanged. The STATUS
Note: The C and DC bits operate as a Borrow
and Digit Borrow bit respectively, in
subtraction.
REGISTER 6-3:
STATUS REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
U-0
—
R/W-x
N
R/W-x
OV
R/W-x
Z
R/W-x
DC(1)
R/W-x
C(2)
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5
bit 4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
N: Negative bit
This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates whether the result was negative
(ALU MSB = 1).
1= Result was negative
0= Result was positive
bit 3
OV: Overflow bit
This bit is used for signed arithmetic (2’s complement). It indicates an overflow of the 7-bit magnitude
which causes the sign bit (bit 7 of the result) to change state.
1= Overflow occurred for signed arithmetic (in this arithmetic operation)
0= No overflow occurred
bit 2
bit 1
Z: Zero bit
1= The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is zero
0= The result of an arithmetic or logic operation is not zero
DC: Digit Carry/Borrow bit(1)
For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLWand SUBWFinstructions:
1= A carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result occurred
0= No carry-out from the 4th low-order bit of the result
bit 0
C: Carry/Borrow bit(2)
For ADDWF, ADDLW, SUBLWand SUBWFinstructions:
1= A carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
0= No carry-out from the Most Significant bit of the result occurred
Note 1: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the 2’s complement of the second
operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either bit 4 or bit 3 of the source register.
2: For Borrow, the polarity is reversed. A subtraction is executed by adding the 2’s complement of the second
operand. For rotate (RRF, RLF) instructions, this bit is loaded with either the high or low-order bit of the
source register.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 77
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Purpose Register File”), or a location in the Access
Bank (Section 6.3.2 “Access Bank”) as the data
source for the instruction.
6.4
Data Addressing Modes
Note:
The execution of some instructions in the
core PIC18 instruction set are changed
when the PIC18 extended instruction set is
enabled. See Section 6.6 “Data Memory
and the Extended Instruction Set” for
more information.
The Access RAM bit ‘a’ determines how the address is
interpreted. When ‘a’ is ‘1’, the contents of the BSR
(Section 6.3.1 “Bank Select Register”) are used with
the address to determine the complete 12-bit address
of the register. When ‘a’ is ‘0’, the address is interpreted
as being a register in the Access Bank. Addressing that
uses the Access RAM is sometimes also known as
Direct Forced Addressing mode.
While the program memory can be addressed in only
one way – through the program counter – information
in the data memory space can be addressed in several
ways. For most instructions, the addressing mode is
fixed. Other instructions may use up to three modes,
depending on which operands are used and whether or
not the extended instruction set is enabled.
A few instructions, such as MOVFF, include the entire
12-bit address (either source or destination) in their
opcodes. In these cases, the BSR is ignored entirely.
The destination of the operation’s results is determined
by the destination bit, ‘d’. When ‘d’ is ‘1’, the results are
stored back in the source register, overwriting its origi-
nal contents. When ‘d’ is ‘0’, the results are stored in
the W register. Instructions without the ‘d’ argument
have a destination that is implicit in the instruction; their
destination is either the target register being operated
on or the W register.
The addressing modes are:
• Inherent
• Literal
• Direct
• Indirect
An additional addressing mode, Indexed Literal Offset,
is available when the extended instruction set is
enabled (XINST Configuration bit = 1). Its operation is
discussed in greater detail in Section 6.6.1 “Indexed
Addressing with Literal Offset”.
6.4.3
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Indirect Addressing allows the user to access a location
in data memory without giving a fixed address in the
instruction. This is done by using File Select Registers
(FSRs) as pointers to the locations to be read or written
to. Since the FSRs are themselves located in RAM as
Special Function Registers, they can also be directly
manipulated under program control. This makes FSRs
very useful in implementing data structures such as
tables and arrays in data memory.
6.4.1
INHERENT AND LITERAL
ADDRESSING
Many PIC18 control instructions do not need any
argument at all; they either perform an operation that
globally affects the device, or they operate implicitly on
one register. This addressing mode is known as
Inherent Addressing. Examples include SLEEP, RESET
and DAW.
The registers for Indirect Addressing are also
implemented with Indirect File Operands (INDFs) that
permit automatic manipulation of the pointer value with
auto-incrementing, auto-decrementing or offsetting
with another value. This allows for efficient code using
loops, such as the example of clearing an entire RAM
bank in Example 6-5. It also enables users to perform
Indexed Addressing and other Stack Pointer
operations for program memory in data memory.
Other instructions work in a similar way, but require an
additional explicit argument in the opcode. This is
known as Literal Addressing mode, because they
require some literal value as an argument. Examples
include ADDLWand MOVLW, which respectively, add or
move a literal value to the W register. Other examples
include CALL and GOTO, which include a 20-bit
program memory address.
EXAMPLE 6-5:
HOW TO CLEAR RAM
(BANK 1) USING
6.4.2
DIRECT ADDRESSING
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
Direct Addressing specifies all or part of the source
and/or destination address of the operation within the
opcode itself. The options are specified by the
arguments accompanying the instruction.
LFSR
CLRF
FSR0, 100h
;
NEXT
POSTINC0
; Clear INDF
; register then
; inc pointer
; All done with
; Bank1?
In the core PIC18 instruction set, bit-oriented and
byte-oriented instructions use some version of Direct
Addressing by default. All of these instructions include
some 8-bit Literal Address as their Least Significant
Byte. This address specifies either a register address in
one of the banks of data RAM (Section 6.3.3 “General
BTFSS
BRA
FSR0H, 1
NEXT
; NO, clear next
; YES, continue
CONTINUE
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the SFR space but are not physically implemented.
Reading or writing to a particular INDF register actually
accesses its corresponding FSR register pair. A read
from INDF1, for example, reads the data at the address
indicated by FSR1H:FSR1L. Instructions that use the
INDF registers as operands actually use the contents
of their corresponding FSR as a pointer to the instruc-
tion’s target. The INDF operand is just a convenient
way of using the pointer.
6.4.3.1
FSR Registers and the
INDF Operand
At the core of Indirect Addressing are three sets of
registers: FSR0, FSR1 and FSR2. Each represents a
pair of 8-bit registers, FSRnH and FSRnL. The four
upper bits of the FSRnH register are not used, so each
FSR pair holds a 12-bit value. This represents a value
that can address the entire range of the data memory
in a linear fashion. The FSR register pairs, then, serve
as pointers to data memory locations.
Because Indirect Addressing uses a full 12-bit address,
data RAM banking is not necessary. Thus, the current
contents of the BSR and the Access RAM bit have no
effect on determining the target address.
Indirect Addressing is accomplished with a set of Indi-
rect File Operands, INDF0 through INDF2. These can
be thought of as “virtual” registers: they are mapped in
FIGURE 6-10:
INDIRECT ADDRESSING
000h
Using an instruction with one of the
Indirect Addressing registers as the
operand....
Bank 0
Bank 1
ADDWF, INDF1, 1
100h
200h
300h
Bank 2
FSR1H:FSR1L
...uses the 12-bit address stored in
the FSR pair associated with that
register....
7
0
7
0
Bank 3
through
Bank 13
x x x x 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0
...to determine the data memory
location to be used in that operation.
E00h
In this case, the FSR1 pair contains
FCCh. This means the contents of
location FCCh will be added to that
of the W register and stored back in
FCCh.
Bank 14
Bank 15
F00h
FFFh
Data Memory
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6.4.3.2
FSR Registers and POSTINC,
6.4.3.3
Operations by FSRs on FSRs
POSTDEC, PREINC and PLUSW
Indirect Addressing operations that target other FSRs
or virtual registers represent special cases. For
example, using an FSR to point to one of the virtual reg-
isters will not result in successful operations. As a
specific case, assume that FSR0H:FSR0L contains
FE7h, the address of INDF1. Attempts to read the
value of the INDF1, using INDF0 as an operand, will
return 00h. Attempts to write to INDF1, using INDF0 as
the operand, will result in a NOP.
In addition to the INDF operand, each FSR register pair
also has four additional indirect operands. Like INDF,
these are “virtual” registers that cannot be indirectly
read or written to. Accessing these registers actually
accesses the associated FSR register pair, but also
performs a specific action on its stored value. They are:
• POSTDEC: accesses the FSR value, then
automatically decrements it by ‘1’ afterwards
On the other hand, using the virtual registers to write to
an FSR pair may not occur as planned. In these cases,
the value will be written to the FSR pair but without any
incrementing or decrementing. Thus, writing to INDF2
or POSTDEC2 will write the same value to the
FSR2H:FSR2L.
• POSTINC: accesses the FSR value, then
automatically increments it by ‘1’ afterwards
• PREINC: increments the FSR value by ‘1’, then
uses it in the operation
• PLUSW: adds the signed value of the W register
(range of -127 to 128) to that of the FSR and uses
the new value in the operation
Since the FSRs are physical registers mapped in the
SFR space, they can be manipulated through all direct
operations. Users should proceed cautiously when
working on these registers, particularly if their code
uses Indirect Addressing.
In this context, accessing an INDF register uses the
value in the FSR registers without changing them.
Similarly, accessing a PLUSW register gives the FSR
value offset by the value in the W register; neither value
is actually changed in the operation. Accessing the
other virtual registers changes the value of the FSR
registers.
Similarly, operations by Indirect Addressing are gener-
ally permitted on all other SFRs. Users should exercise
the appropriate caution that they do not inadvertently
change settings that might affect the operation of the
device.
Operations on the FSRs with POSTDEC, POSTINC
and PREINC affect the entire register pair; that is, roll-
overs of the FSRnL register from FFh to 00h carry over
to the FSRnH register. On the other hand, results of
these operations do not change the value of any flags
in the STATUS register (e.g., Z, N, OV, etc.).
The PLUSW register can be used to implement a form
of Indexed Addressing in the data memory space. By
manipulating the value in the W register, users can
reach addresses that are fixed offsets from pointer
addresses. In some applications, this can be used to
implement some powerful program control structure,
such as software stacks, inside of data memory.
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When using the extended instruction set, this
addressing mode requires the following:
6.5
Program Memory and the
Extended Instruction Set
• The use of the Access Bank is forced (‘a’ = 0);
and
The operation of program memory is unaffected by the
use of the extended instruction set.
• The file address argument is less than or equal to
5Fh.
Enabling the extended instruction set adds five
additional two-word commands to the existing PIC18
instruction set: ADDFSR, CALLW, MOVSF, MOVSS and
SUBFSR. These instructions are executed as described
in Section 6.2.4 “Two-Word Instructions”.
Under these conditions, the file address of the
instruction is not interpreted as the lower byte of an
address (used with the BSR in Direct Addressing) or as
an 8-bit address in the Access Bank. Instead, the value
is interpreted as an offset value to an Address Pointer
specified by FSR2. The offset and the contents of
FSR2 are added to obtain the target address of the
operation.
6.6
Data Memory and the Extended
Instruction Set
Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set (XINST
Configuration bit = 1) significantly changes certain
aspects of data memory and its addressing. Specifically,
the use of the Access Bank for many of the core PIC18
instructions is different; this is due to the introduction of
a new addressing mode for the data memory space.
This mode also alters the behavior of Indirect
Addressing using FSR2 and its associated operands.
6.6.2
INSTRUCTIONS AFFECTED BY
INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE
Any of the core PIC18 instructions that can use Direct
Addressing are potentially affected by the Indexed
Literal Offset Addressing mode. This includes all
byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions, or almost
one-half of the standard PIC18 instruction set. Instruc-
tions that only use Inherent or Literal Addressing
modes are unaffected.
What does not change is just as important. The size of
the data memory space is unchanged, as well as its
linear addressing. The SFR map remains the same.
Core PIC18 instructions can still operate in both Direct
and Indirect Addressing mode; inherent and literal
instructions do not change at all. Indirect Addressing
with FSR0 and FSR1 also remains unchanged.
Additionally, byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions
are not affected if they do not use the Access Bank
(Access RAM bit is ‘1’) or include a file address of 60h
or above. Instructions meeting these criteria will
continue to execute as before. A comparison of the dif-
ferent possible addressing modes when the extended
instruction set is enabled is shown in Figure 6-11.
6.6.1
INDEXED ADDRESSING WITH
LITERAL OFFSET
Enabling the PIC18 extended instruction set changes
the behavior of Indirect Addressing using the FSR2
register pair and its associated file operands. Under the
proper conditions, instructions that use the Access
Bank – that is, most bit-oriented and byte-oriented
instructions – can invoke a form of Indexed Addressing
using an offset specified in the instruction. This special
addressing mode is known as Indexed Addressing with
Literal Offset, or Indexed Literal Offset mode.
Those who desire to use byte-oriented or bit-oriented
instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset mode should
note the changes to assembler syntax for this mode.
This is described in more detail in Section 25.2.1
“Extended Instruction Syntax”.
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FIGURE 6-11:
COMPARING ADDRESSING OPTIONS FOR BIT-ORIENTED AND
BYTE-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS (EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET ENABLED)
EXAMPLE INSTRUCTION: ADDWF, f, d, a (Opcode: 0010 01da ffff ffff)
000h
When a = 0 and f ≥ 60h:
The instruction executes in
Direct Forced mode. ‘f’ is
interpreted as a location in the
Access RAM between 060h
and FFFh. This is the same as
locations F60h to FFFh
(Bank 15) of data memory.
060h
100h
Bank 0
00h
60h
Bank 1
through
Bank 14
Valid range
for ‘f’
Locations below 060h are not
available in this addressing
mode.
FFh
F00h
Access RAM
Bank 15
SFRs
F60h
FFFh
Data Memory
When a = 0 and f ≤ 5Fh:
000h
060h
100h
Bank 0
The instruction executes in
Indexed Literal Offset mode. ‘f’
is interpreted as an offset to the
address value in FSR2. The
two are added together to
obtain the address of the target
register for the instruction. The
address can be anywhere in
the data memory space.
001001da ffffffff
Bank 1
through
Bank 14
FSR2H
FSR2L
F00h
F60h
Note that in this mode, the
correct syntax is now:
Bank 15
SFRs
ADDWF [k], d
where ‘k’ is the same as ‘f’.
FFFh
Data Memory
BSR
000h
060h
100h
00000000
When a = 1 (all values of f):
Bank 0
The instruction executes in
Direct mode (also known as
Direct Long mode). ‘f’ is
interpreted as a location in
one of the 16 banks of the data
memory space. The bank is
designated by the Bank Select
Register (BSR). The address
can be in any implemented
bank in the data memory
space.
001001da ffffffff
Bank 1
through
Bank 14
F00h
F60h
Bank 15
SFRs
FFFh
Data Memory
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Remapping of the Access Bank applies only to opera-
tions using the Indexed Literal Offset mode. Operations
that use the BSR (Access RAM bit is ‘1’) will continue
to use Direct Addressing as before. Any Indirect or
Indexed Addressing operation that explicitly uses any
of the indirect file operands (including FSR2) will con-
tinue to operate as standard Indirect Addressing. Any
instruction that uses the Access Bank, but includes a
register address of greater than 05Fh, will use Direct
Addressing and the normal Access Bank map.
6.6.3
MAPPING THE ACCESS BANK IN
INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE
The use of Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
effectively changes how the lower part of Access RAM
(00h to 5Fh) is mapped. Rather than containing just the
contents of the bottom part of Bank 0, this mode maps
the contents from Bank 0 and a user-defined “window”
that can be located anywhere in the data memory
space. The value of FSR2 establishes the lower bound-
ary of the addresses mapped into the window, while the
upper boundary is defined by FSR2 plus 95 (5Fh).
Addresses in the Access RAM above 5Fh are mapped
as previously described (see Section 6.3.2 “Access
Bank”). An example of Access Bank remapping in this
addressing mode is shown in Figure 6-12.
6.6.4
BSR IN INDEXED LITERAL
OFFSET MODE
Although the Access Bank is remapped when the
extended instruction set is enabled, the operation of the
BSR remains unchanged. Direct Addressing, using the
BSR to select the data memory bank, operates in the
same manner as previously described.
FIGURE 6-12:
REMAPPING THE ACCESS BANK WITH INDEXED LITERAL
OFFSET ADDRESSING
Example Situation:
000h
ADDWF f, d, a
Not Accessible
05Fh
FSR2H:FSR2L = 120h
Bank 0
Locations in the region
from the FSR2 Pointer
(120h) to the pointer plus
05Fh (17Fh) are mapped
to the bottom of the
Access RAM (000h-05Fh).
100h
120h
17Fh
Window
Bank 1
00h
Bank 1 “Window”
200h
5Fh
60h
Special Function Regis-
ters at F60h through FFFh
are mapped to 60h
through FFh, as usual.
Bank 2
through
Bank 14
SFRs
Bank 0 addresses below
5Fh are not available in
this mode. They can still
be addressed by using the
BSR.
FFh
Access Bank
F00h
Bank 15
SFRs
F60h
FFFh
Data Memory
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NOTES:
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7.1
Table Reads and Table Writes
7.0
FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
In order to read and write program memory, there are
two operations that allow the processor to move bytes
between the program memory space and the data RAM:
The Flash program memory is readable, writable and
erasable during normal operation over the entire VDD
range.
• Table Read (TBLRD)
• Table Write (TBLWT)
A read from program memory is executed on one byte
at a time. A write to program memory is executed on
blocks of 64 bytes at a time. Program memory is
erased in blocks of 1024 bytes at a time. A bulk erase
operation may not be issued from user code.
The program memory space is 16 bits wide, while the
data RAM space is 8 bits wide. Table reads and table
writes move data between these two memory spaces
through an 8-bit register (TABLAT).
Writing or erasing program memory will cease
instruction fetches until the operation is complete. The
program memory cannot be accessed during the write
or erase, therefore, code cannot execute. An internal
programming timer terminates program memory writes
and erases.
Table read operations retrieve data from program
memory and place it into the data RAM space.
Figure 7-1 shows the operation of a table read with
program memory and data RAM.
Table write operations store data from the data memory
space into holding registers in program memory. The
procedure to write the contents of the holding registers
into program memory is detailed in Section 7.5 “Writing
to Flash Program Memory”. Figure 7-2 shows the
operation of a table write with program memory and data
RAM.
A value written to program memory does not need to be
a valid instruction. Executing a program memory
location that forms an invalid instruction results in a
NOP.
Table operations work with byte entities. A table block
containing data, rather than program instructions, is not
required to be word-aligned. Therefore, a table block can
start and end at any byte address. If a table write is being
used to write executable code into program memory,
program instructions will need to be word-aligned.
FIGURE 7-1:
TABLE READ OPERATION
Instruction: TBLRD*
Program Memory
(1)
Table Pointer
Table Latch (8-bit)
TABLAT
TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL
Program Memory
(TBLPTR)
Note 1: The Table Pointer register points to a byte in program memory.
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FIGURE 7-2:
TABLE WRITE OPERATION
Instruction: TBLWT*
Program Memory
Holding Registers
(1)
Table Pointer
Table Latch (8-bit)
TABLAT
TBLPTRU TBLPTRH TBLPTRL
Program Memory
(TBLPTR)
Note 1: The Table Pointer actually points to one of 64 holding registers, the address of which is determined by
TBLPTRL<5:0>. The process for physically writing data to the program memory array is discussed in
Section 7.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
The WREN bit, when set, will allow a write operation.
On power-up, the WREN bit is clear. The WRERR bit is
set in hardware when the WR bit is set and cleared
when the internal programming timer expires and the
write operation is complete.
7.2
Control Registers
Several control registers are used in conjunction with
the TBLRDand TBLWTinstructions. These include the:
• EECON1 register
• EECON2 register
• TABLAT register
• TBLPTR registers
Note:
During normal operation, the WRERR is
read as ‘1’. This can indicate that a write
operation was prematurely terminated by
a
Reset, or
a write operation was
7.2.1
EECON1 AND EECON2 REGISTERS
attempted improperly.
The EECON1 register (Register 7.2.2) is the control
register for memory accesses. The EECON2 register is
not a physical register; it is used exclusively in the
memory write and erase sequences. Reading
EECON2 will read all ‘0’s.
The WR control bit initiates write operations. The bit
cannot be cleared, only set, in software. It is cleared in
hardware at the completion of the write operation.
The FREE bit, when set, will allow a program memory
erase operation. When FREE is set, the erase
operation is initiated on the next WR command. When
FREE is clear, only writes are enabled.
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REGISTER 7-1:
EECON1: EEPROM CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
FREE
R/W-x
R/W-0
WREN
R/S-0
WR
U-0
—
WRERR
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
S = Settable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-5
bit 4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
FREE: Flash Erase Enable bit
1= Erase the program memory block addressed by TBLPTR on the next WR command (cleared by
completion of erase operation)
0= Perform write-only
bit 3
WRERR: Flash Program Error Flag bit
1= A write operation is prematurely terminated (any Reset during self-timed programming in normal
operation or an improper write attempt)
0= The write operation completed
bit 2
bit 1
WREN: Flash Program Write Enable bit
1= Allows write cycles to Flash program memory
0= Inhibits write cycles to Flash program memory
WR: Write Control bit
1= Initiates a program memory erase cycle or write cycle
(The operation is self-timed and the bit is cleared by hardware once the write is complete.
The WR bit can only be set (not cleared) in software.)
0= Write cycle is complete
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
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7.2.2
TABLE LATCH REGISTER (TABLAT)
7.2.4
TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES
The Table Latch (TABLAT) is an 8-bit register mapped
into the SFR space. The Table Latch register is used to
hold 8-bit data during data transfers between program
memory and data RAM.
TBLPTR is used in reads, writes and erases of the
Flash program memory.
When a TBLRDis executed, all 22 bits of the TBLPTR
determine which byte is read from program memory
into TABLAT.
7.2.3
TABLE POINTER REGISTER
(TBLPTR)
When a TBLWT is executed, the seven LSbs of the
Table Pointer register (TBLPTR<6:0>) determine which
of the 64 program memory holding registers is written
to. When the timed write to program memory begins
(via the WR bit), the 12 MSbs of the TBLPTR
(TBLPTR<21:10>) determine which program memory
block of 1024 bytes is written to. For more detail, see
Section 7.5 “Writing to Flash Program Memory”.
The Table Pointer (TBLPTR) register addresses a byte
within the program memory. The TBLPTR is comprised
of three SFR registers: Table Pointer Upper Byte, Table
Pointer High Byte and Table Pointer Low Byte
(TBLPTRU:TBLPTRH:TBLPTRL). These three regis-
ters join to form a 22-bit wide pointer. The low-order
21 bits allow the device to address up to 2 Mbytes of
program memory space. The 22nd bit allows access to
the Device ID, the User ID and the Configuration bits.
When an erase of program memory is executed, the
12 MSbs of the Table Pointer register point to the
1024-byte block that will be erased. The Least
Significant bits are ignored.
The Table Pointer register, TBLPTR, is used by the
TBLRDand TBLWTinstructions. These instructions can
update the TBLPTR in one of four ways based on the
table operation. These operations are shown in
Table 7-1. These operations on the TBLPTR only affect
the low-order 21 bits.
Figure 7-3 describes the relevant boundaries of
TBLPTR based on Flash program memory operations.
TABLE 7-1:
Example
TABLE POINTER OPERATIONS WITH TBLRD AND TBLWT INSTRUCTIONS
Operation on Table Pointer
TBLRD*
TBLWT*
TBLPTR is not modified
TBLRD*+
TBLWT*+
TBLPTR is incremented after the read/write
TBLPTR is decremented after the read/write
TBLPTR is incremented before the read/write
TBLRD*-
TBLWT*-
TBLRD+*
TBLWT+*
FIGURE 7-3:
TABLE POINTER BOUNDARIES BASED ON OPERATION
21
16 15
TBLPTRH
8
7
TBLPTRL
0
TBLPTRU
ERASE: TBLPTR<21:10>
TABLE WRITE: TBLPTR<21:6>
TABLE READ: TBLPTR<21:0>
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TBLPTR points to a byte address in program space.
Executing TBLRD places the byte pointed to into
TABLAT. In addition, TBLPTR can be modified
automatically for the next table read operation.
7.3
Reading the Flash Program
Memory
The TBLRD instruction is used to retrieve data from
program memory and places it into data RAM. Table
reads from program memory are performed one byte at
a time.
The internal program memory is typically organized by
words. The Least Significant bit of the address selects
between the high and low bytes of the word. Figure 7-4
shows the interface between the internal program
memory and the TABLAT.
FIGURE 7-4:
READS FROM FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
Program Memory
(Even Byte Address)
(Odd Byte Address)
TBLPTR = xxxxx1
TBLPTR = xxxxx0
Instruction Register
TABLAT
Read Register
FETCH
TBLRD
(IR)
EXAMPLE 7-1:
READING A FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WORD
MOVLW
CODE_ADDR_UPPER
TBLPTRU
CODE_ADDR_HIGH
TBLPTRH
CODE_ADDR_LOW
TBLPTRL
; Load TBLPTR with the base
; address of the word
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
READ_WORD
TBLRD*+
MOVF
MOVWF
TBLRD*+
MOVF
; read into TABLAT and increment
; get data
TABLAT, W
WORD_EVEN
; read into TABLAT and increment
; get data
TABLAT, W
WORD_ODD
MOVF
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7.4.1
FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
ERASE SEQUENCE
7.4
Erasing Flash Program Memory
The minimum erase block is 512 words or 1024 bytes.
Only through the use of an external programmer, or
through ICSP control, can larger blocks of program
memory be bulk erased. Word erase in the Flash array
is not supported.
The sequence of events for erasing a block of internal
program memory location is:
1. Load Table Pointer register with the address of
the block being erased.
When initiating an erase sequence from the micro-
controller itself, a block of 1024 bytes of program
memory is erased. The Most Significant 12 bits of the
TBLPTR<21:10> point to the block being erased.
TBLPTR<9:0> are ignored.
2. Set the WREN and FREE bits (EECON1<2,4>)
to enable the erase operation.
3. Disable interrupts.
4. Write 55h to EECON2.
5. Write 0AAh to EECON2.
The EECON1 register commands the erase operation.
The WREN bit must be set to enable write operations.
The FREE bit is set to select an erase operation. For
protection, the write initiate sequence for EECON2
must be used.
6. Set the WR bit. This will begin the erase cycle.
7. The CPU will stall for duration of the erase for
TIE (see parameter D133B).
8. Re-enable interrupts.
A long write is necessary for erasing the internal Flash.
Instruction execution is halted while in a long write
cycle. The long write will be terminated by the internal
programming timer.
EXAMPLE 7-2:
ERASING FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CODE_ADDR_UPPER
TBLPTRU
CODE_ADDR_HIGH
TBLPTRH
CODE_ADDR_LOW
TBLPTRL
; load TBLPTR with the base
; address of the memory block
ERASE_BLOCK
BSF
BSF
BCF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BSF
EECON1, WREN
EECON1, FREE
INTCON, GIE
55h
EECON2
0AAh
EECON2
EECON1, WR
INTCON, GIE
; enable write to memory
; enable Erase operation
; disable interrupts
Required
Sequence
; write 55h
; write 0AAh
; start erase (CPU stall)
; re-enable interrupts
BSF
DS39663F-page 90
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The on-chip timer controls the write time. The
write/erase voltages are generated by an on-chip
charge pump, rated to operate over the voltage range
of the device.
7.5
Writing to Flash Program Memory
The minimum programming block is 32 words or
64 bytes. Word or byte programming is not supported.
Table writes are used internally to load the holding
registers needed to program the Flash memory. There
are 64 holding registers used by the table writes for
programming.
Note 1: Unlike previous PIC devices, members of
the PIC18F87J10 family do not reset the
holding registers after a write occurs. The
holding registers must be cleared or
Since the Table Latch (TABLAT) is only a single byte, the
TBLWTinstruction may need to be executed 64 times for
each programming operation. All of the table write
operations will essentially be short writes because only
the holding registers are written. At the end of updating
the 64 holding registers, the EECON1 register must be
written to in order to start the programming operation
with a long write.
overwritten before
sequence.
a
programming
2: To maintain the endurance of the program
memory cells, each Flash byte should not
be programmed more than one time
between erase operations. Before
attempting to modify the contents of the
target cell a second time, a block erase,
or a bulk erase of the entire memory, must
be performed.
The long write is necessary for programming the inter-
nal Flash. Instruction execution is halted while in a long
write cycle. The long write will be terminated by the
internal programming timer.
FIGURE 7-5:
TABLE WRITES TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
TABLAT
Write Register
8
8
8
8
TBLPTR = xxxxx0
TBLPTR = xxxxx1
TBLPTR = xxxxx2
TBLPTR = xxxx3F
Holding Register
Holding Register
Holding Register
Holding Register
Program Memory
8. Disable interrupts.
7.5.1
FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE
SEQUENCE
9. Write 55h to EECON2.
10. Write 0AAh to EECON2.
The sequence of events for programming an internal
program memory location should be:
11. Set the WR bit. This will begin the write cycle.
12. The CPU will stall for duration of the write for TIW
(see parameter D133A).
1. Read 1024 bytes into RAM.
2. Update data values in RAM as necessary.
13. Re-enable interrupts.
3. Load Table Pointer register with address being
erased.
14. Repeat steps 6 through 13 until all 1024 bytes
are written to program memory.
4. Execute the erase procedure.
15. Verify the memory (table read).
5. Load Table Pointer register with address of first
byte being written, minus 1.
An example of the required code is shown in
Example 7-3 on the following page.
6. Write the 64 bytes into the holding registers with
auto-increment.
Note:
Before setting the WR bit, the Table
Pointer address needs to be within the
intended address range of the 64 bytes in
the holding register.
7. Set the WREN bit (EECON1<2>) to enable byte
writes.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 91
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
EXAMPLE 7-3:
WRITING TO FLASH PROGRAM MEMORY
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
CODE_ADDR_UPPER
TBLPTRU
CODE_ADDR_HIGH
TBLPTRH
CODE_ADDR_LOW
TBLPTRL
; Load TBLPTR with the base address
; of the memory block, minus 1
ERASE_BLOCK
BSF
BSF
BCF
EECON1, WREN
EECON1, FREE
INTCON, GIE
55h
EECON2
0AAh
; enable write to memory
; enable Erase operation
; disable interrupts
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BSF
BSF
MOVLW
MOVWF
; write 55h
EECON2
; write 0AAh
; start erase (CPU stall)
; re-enable interrupts
EECON1, WR
INTCON, GIE
D'16'
WRITE_COUNTER
; Need to write 16 blocks of 64 to write
; one erase block of 1024
RESTART_BUFFER
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
D'64'
COUNTER
BUFFER_ADDR_HIGH
FSR0H
BUFFER_ADDR_LOW
FSR0L
; point to buffer
FILL_BUFFER
...
; read the new data from I2C, SPI,
; PSP, USART, etc.
WRITE_BUFFER
MOVLW
MOVWF
D’64
COUNTER
; number of bytes in holding register
WRITE_BYTE_TO_HREGS
MOVFF
MOVWF
TBLWT+*
POSTINC0, WREG
TABLAT
; get low byte of buffer data
; present data to table latch
; write data, perform a short write
; to internal TBLWT holding register.
; loop until buffers are full
DECFSZ COUNTER
BRA WRITE_WORD_TO_HREGS
PROGRAM_MEMORY
BSF
BCF
EECON1, WREN
INTCON, GIE
55h
EECON2
0AAh
; enable write to memory
; disable interrupts
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
BSF
Required
Sequence
; write 55h
EECON2
; write 0AAh
EECON1, WR
INTCON, GIE
EECON1, WREN
; start program (CPU stall)
; re-enable interrupts
; disable write to memory
BSF
BCF
DECFSZ WRITE_COUNTER
BRA RESTART_BUFFER
; done with one write cycle
; if not done replacing the erase block
DS39663F-page 92
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
7.5.2
WRITE VERIFY
7.6
Flash Program Operation During
Code Protection
Depending on the application, good programming
practice may dictate that the value written to the
memory should be verified against the original value.
This should be used in applications where excessive
writes can stress bits near the specification limit.
See Section 24.6 “Program Verification and Code
Protection” for details on code protection of Flash
program memory.
7.5.3
UNEXPECTED TERMINATION OF
WRITE OPERATION
If a write is terminated by an unplanned event, such as
loss of power or an unexpected Reset, the memory
location just programmed should be verified and repro-
grammed if needed. If the write operation is interrupted
by a MCLR Reset or a WDT Time-out Reset during
normal operation, the user can check the WRERR bit
and rewrite the location(s) as needed.
TABLE 7-2:
Name
REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PROGRAM FLASH MEMORY
Reset
Values on
page
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
TBLPTRU
—
—
bit 21 Program Memory Table Pointer Upper Byte (TBLPTR<20:16>)
53
53
53
53
53
55
55
TBPLTRH Program Memory Table Pointer High Byte (TBLPTR<15:8>)
TBLPTRL Program Memory Table Pointer Low Byte (TBLPTR<7:0>)
TABLAT
INTCON
Program Memory Table Latch
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
WR
RBIF
—
EECON2 Program Memory Control Register 2 (not a physical register)
EECON1 FREE WRERR WREN
—
—
—
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during program memory access.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 93
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 94
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The bus is implemented with 28 pins, multiplexed
across four I/O ports. Three ports (PORTD, PORTE
and PORTH) are multiplexed with the address/data bus
for a total of 20 available lines, while PORTJ is
multiplexed with the bus control signals.
8.0
EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS
Note:
The external memory bus is not
implemented on 64-pin devices.
The external memory bus allows the device to access
external memory devices (such as Flash, EPROM,
SRAM, etc.) as program or data memory. It supports
both 8 and 16-Bit Data Width modes and three address
widths of up to 20 bits.
A list of the pins and their functions is provided in
Table 8-1.
TABLE 8-1:
Name
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 EXTERNAL BUS – I/O PORT FUNCTIONS
Port
Bit
External Memory Bus Function
RD0/AD0
RD1/AD1
RD2/AD2
RD3/AD3
RD4/AD4
RD5/AD5
RD6/AD6
RD7/AD7
RE0/AD8
RE1/AD9
RE2/AD10
RE3/AD11
RE4/AD12
RE5/AD13
RE6/AD14
RE7/AD15
RH0/A16
RH1/A17
RH2/A18
RH3/A19
RJ0/ALE
RJ1/OE
PORTD
PORTD
PORTD
PORTD
PORTD
PORTD
PORTD
PORTD
PORTE
PORTE
PORTE
PORTE
PORTE
PORTE
PORTE
PORTE
PORTH
PORTH
PORTH
PORTH
PORTJ
PORTJ
PORTJ
PORTJ
PORTJ
PORTJ
PORTJ
PORTJ
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Address Bit 0 Or Data Bit 0
Address Bit 1 Or Data Bit 1
Address Bit 2 Or Data Bit 2
Address Bit 3 Or Data Bit 3
Address Bit 4 Or Data Bit 4
Address Bit 5 Or Data Bit 5
Address Bit 6 Or Data Bit 6
Address Bit 7 Or Data Bit 7
Address Bit 8 Or Data Bit 8
Address Bit 9 Or Data Bit 9
Address Bit 10 Or Data Bit 10
Address Bit 11 Or Data Bit 11
Address Bit 12 Or Data Bit 12
Address Bit 13 Or Data Bit 13
Address Bit 14 Or Data Bit 14
Address Bit 15 Or Data Bit 15
Address Bit 16
Address Bit 17
Address Bit 18
Address Bit 19
Address Latch Enable (ALE) Control Pin
Output Enable (OE) Control Pin
Write Low (WRL) Control Pin
Write High (WRH) Control Pin
Byte Address Bit 0 (BA0)
Chip Enable (CE) Control Pin
Lower Byte Enable (LB) Control Pin
Upper Byte Enable (UB) Control Pin
RJ2/WRL
RJ3/WRH
RJ4/BA0
RJ5/CE
RJ6/LB
RJ7/UB
Note:
For the sake of clarity, only I/O port and external bus assignments are shown here. One or more additional
multiplexed features may be available on some pins.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 95
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The operation of the EBDIS bit is also influenced by the
program memory mode being used. This is discussed
in more detail in Section 8.5 “Program Memory
Modes and the External Memory Bus”.
8.1
External Memory Bus Control
The operation of the interface is controlled by the
MEMCON register (Register 8-1). This register is
available in all program memory operating modes
except Microcontroller mode. In this mode, the register
is disabled and cannot be written to.
The WAIT bits allow for the addition of wait states to
external memory operations. The use of these bits is
discussed in Section 8.3 “Wait States”.
The EBDIS bit (MEMCON<7>) controls the operation
of the bus and related port functions. Clearing EBDIS
enables the interface and disables the I/O functions of
the ports, as well as any other functions multiplexed to
those pins. Setting the bit enables the I/O ports and
other functions, but allows the interface to override
everything else on the pins when an external memory
operation is required. By default, the external bus is
always enabled and disables all other I/O.
The WM bits select the particular operating mode used
when the bus is operating in 16-Bit Data Width mode.
These are discussed in more detail in Section 8.6
“16-Bit Data Width Modes”. These bits have no effect
when an 8-Bit Data Width mode is selected.
REGISTER 8-1:
MEMCON: EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
EBDIS
bit 7
U-0
—
R/W-0
WAIT1
R/W-0
WAIT0
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
WM1
R/W-0
WM0
bit 0
Legend:
S = Settable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
EBDIS: External Bus Disable bit
1= External bus enabled when microcontroller accesses external memory; otherwise, all external bus
drivers are mapped as I/O ports
0= External bus always enabled, I/O ports are disabled
bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-4
WAIT<1:0>: Table Reads and Writes Bus Cycle Wait Count bits
11= Table reads and writes will wait 0 TCY
10= Table reads and writes will wait 1 TCY
01= Table reads and writes will wait 2 TCY
00= Table reads and writes will wait 3 TCY
bit 3-2
bit 1-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0
WM<1:0>: TBLWTOperation with 16-Bit Data Bus Width Select bits
1x= Word Write mode: TABLAT0 and TABLAT1 word output; WRH active when TABLAT1 written
01= Byte Select mode: TABLAT data copied on both MSB and LSB; WRH and (UB or LB) will activate
00= Byte Write mode: TABLAT data copied on both MSB and LSB; WRH or WRL will activate
DS39663F-page 96
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
8.2.1
ADDRESS SHIFTING ON THE
EXTERNAL BUS
8.2
Address and Data Width
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices can be indepen-
dently configured for different address and data widths
on the same memory bus. Both address and data width
are set by Configuration bits in the CONFIG3L register.
As Configuration bits, this means that these options
can only be configured by programming the device and
are not controllable in software.
By default, the address presented on the external bus
is the value of the PC. In practical terms, this means
that addresses in the external memory device below
the top of on-chip memory are unavailable to the micro-
controller. To access these physical locations, the glue
logic between the microcontroller and the external
memory must somehow translate addresses.
The BW bit selects an 8-bit or 16-bit data bus width.
Setting this bit (default) selects a data width of 16 bits.
To simplify the interface, the external bus offers an
extension of Extended Microcontroller mode that
automatically performs address shifting. This feature is
controlled by the EASHFT Configuration bit. Setting
this bit offsets addresses on the bus by the size of the
microcontroller’s on-chip program memory and sets
the bottom address at 0000h. This allows the device to
use the entire range of physical addresses of the
external memory.
The EMB<1:0> bits determine both the program
memory operating mode and the address bus width.
The available options are 20-bit, 16-bit and 12-bit, as
well as Microcontroller mode (external bus disabled).
Selecting a 16-bit or 12-bit width makes a correspond-
ing number of high-order lines available for I/O
functions. These pins are no longer affected by the
setting of the EBDIS bit. For example, selecting a
16-Bit Addressing mode (EMB<1:0> = 01) disables
A<19:16> and allows PORTH<3:0> to function without
interruptions from the bus. Using the smaller address
widths allows users to tailor the memory bus to the size
of the external memory space for a particular design
while freeing up pins for dedicated I/O operation.
8.2.2
21-BIT ADDRESSING
As an extension of 20-bit address width operation, the
external memory bus can also fully address a 2-Mbyte
memory space. This is done by using the Bus Address
bit 0 (BA0) control line as the Least Significant bit of the
address. The UB and LB control signals may also be
used with certain memory devices to select the upper
and lower bytes within a 16-bit wide data word.
Because the EMB bits have the effect of disabling pins
for memory bus operations, it is important to always
select an address width at least equal to the data width.
If a 12-bit address width is used with a 16-bit data
width, the upper four bits of data will not be available on
the bus.
This addressing mode is available in both 8-Bit and
certain 16-Bit Data Width modes. Additional details are
provided in Section 8.6.3 “16-Bit Byte Select Mode”
and Section 8.7 “8-Bit Mode”.
All combinations of address and data widths require
multiplexing of address and data information on the
same lines. The address and data multiplexing, as well
as I/O ports made available by the use of smaller
address widths, are summarized in Table 8-2.
TABLE 8-2:
Data Width
ADDRESS AND DATA LINES FOR DIFFERENT ADDRESS AND DATA WIDTHS
Multiplexed Data and
Address Only Lines (and
Corresponding Ports)
Ports Available
Address Width
Address Lines (and
for I/O
Corresponding Ports)
AD<11:8>
(PORTE<3:0>)
PORTE<7:4>,
All of PORTH
12-Bit
16-Bit
AD<15:8>
(PORTE<7:0>)
AD<7:0>
(PORTD<7:0>)
All of PORTH
8-Bit
A<19:16>, AD<15:8>
(PORTH<3:0>,
20-Bit
—
PORTE<7:0>)
16-Bit
20-Bit
—
All of PORTH
—
AD<15:0>
(PORTD<7:0>,
PORTE<7:0>)
16-Bit
A<19:16>
(PORTH<3:0>)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 97
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
If the device fetches or accesses external memory
while EBDIS = 1, the pins will switch to external bus. If
the EBDIS bit is set by a program executing from exter-
nal memory, the action of setting the bit will be delayed
until the program branches into the internal memory. At
that time, the pins will change from external bus to I/O
ports.
8.3
Wait States
While it may be assumed that external memory devices
will operate at the microcontroller clock rate, this is
often not the case. In fact, many devices require longer
times to write or retrieve data than the time allowed by
the execution of table read or table write operations.
To compensate for this, the external memory bus can
be configured to add a fixed delay to each table opera-
tion using the bus. Wait states are enabled by setting
the WAIT Configuration bit. When enabled, the amount
of delay is set by the WAIT<1:0> bits (MEMCON<5:4>).
The delay is based on multiples of microcontroller
instruction cycle time and are added following the
instruction cycle when the table operation is executed.
The range is from no delay to 3 TCY (default value).
If the device is executing out of internal memory when
EBDIS = 0, the memory bus address/data and control
pins will not be active. They will go to a state where the
active address/data pins are tri-state; the CE, OE,
WRH, WRL, UB and LB signals are ‘1’ and ALE and
BA0 are ‘0’. Note that only those pins associated with
the current address width are forced to tri-state; the
other pins continue to function as I/O. In the case of
16-bit address width, for example, only AD<15:0>
(PORTD and PORTE) are affected; A<19:16>
(PORTH<3:0>) continue to function as I/O.
8.4
Port Pin Weak Pull-ups
In all external memory modes, the bus takes priority
over any other peripherals that may share pins with it.
This includes the Parallel Slave Port and serial commu-
nications modules which would otherwise take priority
over the I/O port.
With the exception of the upper address lines,
A<19:16>, the pins associated with the external
memory bus are equipped with weak pull-ups. The
pull-ups are controlled by the upper three bits of the
PORTG register. They are named RDPU, REPU and
RJPU and control pull-ups on PORTD, PORTE and
PORTJ, respectively. Clearing one of these bits
enables the corresponding pull-ups for that port. All
pull-ups are disabled by default on all device Resets.
8.6
16-Bit Data Width Modes
In 16-Bit Data Width mode, the external memory
interface can be connected to external memories in
three different configurations:
8.5
Program Memory Modes and the
External Memory Bus
• 16-Bit Byte Write
• 16-Bit Word Write
• 16-Bit Byte Select
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices is capable of
operating in one of two program memory modes, using
combinations of on-chip and external program memory.
The functions of the multiplexed port pins depend on
the program memory mode selected, as well as the
setting of the EBDIS bit.
The configuration to be used is determined by the
WM<1:0>
bits
in
the
MEMCON
register
(MEMCON<1:0>). These three different configurations
allow the designer maximum flexibility in using both
8-bit and 16-bit devices with 16-bit data.
In Microcontroller Mode, the bus is not active and the
pins have their port functions only. Writes to the
MEMCOM register are not permitted. The Reset value
of EBDIS (‘0’) is ignored and EMB pins behave as I/O
ports.
For all 16-bit modes, the Address Latch Enable (ALE)
pin indicates that the address bits, AD<15:0>, are avail-
able on the external memory interface bus. Following
the address latch, the Output Enable signal (OE) will
enable both bytes of program memory at once to form
a 16-bit instruction word. The Chip Enable signal (CE)
is active at any time that the microcontroller accesses
external memory, whether reading or writing; it is
inactive (asserted high) whenever the device is in
Sleep mode.
In Extended Microcontroller Mode, the external
program memory bus shares I/O port functions on the
pins. When the device is fetching or doing table
read/table write operations on the external program
memory space, the pins will have the external bus
function.
In Byte Select mode, JEDEC standard Flash memories
will require BA0 for the byte address line and one I/O
line to select between Byte and Word mode. The other
16-bit modes do not need BA0. JEDEC standard static
RAM memories will use the UB or LB signals for byte
selection.
If the device is fetching and accessing internal program
memory locations only, the EBDIS control bit will
change the pins from external memory to I/O port
functions. When EBDIS = 0, the pins function as the
external bus. When EBDIS = 1, the pins function as I/O
ports.
DS39663F-page 98
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
During a TBLWTinstruction cycle, the TABLAT data is
presented on the upper and lower bytes of the
AD<15:0> bus. The appropriate WRH or WRL control
line is strobed on the LSb of the TBLPTR.
8.6.1
16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE
Figure 8-1 shows an example of 16-Bit Byte Write
mode for PIC18F87J10 family devices. This mode is
used for two separate 8-bit memories connected for
16-bit operation. This generally includes basic EPROM
and Flash devices. It allows table writes to byte-wide
external memories.
FIGURE 8-1:
16-BIT BYTE WRITE MODE EXAMPLE
D<7:0>
(MSB)
A<x:0>
(LSB)
PIC18F8XJ10
AD<7:0>
A<19:0>
D<15:8>
373
373
A<x:0>
D<7:0>
D<7:0>
CE
D<7:0>
CE
AD<15:8>
ALE
(2)
(2)
OE WR
OE WR
(1)
A<19:16>
CE
OE
WRH
WRL
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: Upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address widths.
2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 99
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
During
a
TBLWT cycle to an odd address
8.6.2
16-BIT WORD WRITE MODE
(TBLPTR<0> = 1), the TABLAT data is presented on
the upper byte of the AD<15:0> bus. The contents of
the holding latch are presented on the lower byte of the
AD<15:0> bus.
Figure 8-2 shows an example of 16-Bit Word Write
mode for PIC18F65J10 devices. This mode is used for
word-wide memories which include some of the
EPROM and Flash type memories. This mode allows
opcode fetches and table reads from all forms of 16-bit
memory and table writes to any type of word-wide
external memories. This method makes a distinction
between TBLWTcycles to even or odd addresses.
The WRH signal is strobed for each write cycle; the
WRL pin is unused. The signal on the BA0 pin indicates
the LSb of the TBLPTR, but it is left unconnected.
Instead, the UB and LB signals are active to select both
bytes. The obvious limitation to this method is that the
table write must be done in pairs on a specific word
boundary to correctly write a word location.
During
a
TBLWT cycle to an even address
(TBLPTR<0> = 0), the TABLAT data is transferred to a
holding latch and the external address data bus is
tri-stated for the data portion of the bus cycle. No write
signals are activated.
FIGURE 8-2:
16-BIT WORD WRITE MODE EXAMPLE
PIC18F8XJ10
AD<7:0>
A<20:1>
D<15:0>
JEDEC Word
EPROM Memory
A<x:0>
373
D<15:0>
CE
(2)
OE
WR
AD<15:8>
ALE
373
(1)
A<19:16>
CE
OE
WRH
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: Upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address widths.
2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
DS39663F-page 100
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Flash and SRAM devices use different control signal
combinations to implement Byte Select mode. JEDEC
standard Flash memories require that a controller I/O
port pin be connected to the memory’s BYTE/WORD
pin to provide the select signal. They also use the BA0
signal from the controller as a byte address. JEDEC
standard static RAM memories, on the other hand, use
the UB or LB signals to select the byte.
8.6.3
16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE
Figure 8-3 shows an example of 16-Bit Byte Select
mode. This mode allows table write operations to
word-wide external memories with byte selection
capability. This generally includes both word-wide
Flash and SRAM devices.
During a TBLWTcycle, the TABLAT data is presented
on the upper and lower byte of the AD<15:0> bus. The
WRH signal is strobed for each write cycle; the WRL
pin is not used. The BA0 or UB/LB signals are used to
select the byte to be written, based on the Least
Significant bit of the TBLPTR register.
FIGURE 8-3:
16-BIT BYTE SELECT MODE EXAMPLE
PIC18F8XJ10
AD<7:0>
A<20:1>
JEDEC Word
FLASH Memory
373
373
A<x:1>
D<15:0>
D<15:0>
(3)
138
CE
A0
AD<15:8>
ALE
(1)
BYTE/WORD OE WR
(2)
A<19:16>
OE
WRH
WRL
A<20:1>
JEDEC Word
A<x:1>
SRAM Memory
BA0
I/O
D<15:0>
D<15:0>
CE
LB
LB
(1)
UB
OE WR
UB
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
2: Upper order address lines are used only for 20-bit address width.
3: Demultiplexing is only required when multiple memory devices are accessed.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 101
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
8.6.4
16-BIT MODE TIMING
The presentation of control signals on the external
memory bus is different for the various operating
modes. Typical signal timing diagrams are shown in
Figure 8-4 and Figure 8-5.
FIGURE 8-4:
EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR TBLRD (EXTENDED
MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
Q1 Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1 Q2
Q3 Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
0Ch
A<19:16>
CF33h
9256h
AD<15:0>
CE
ALE
OE
Opcode Fetch
TBLRD *
from 000100h
Opcode Fetch
MOVLW55h
from 000102h
TBLRD92h
from 199E67h
Opcode Fetch
ADDLW55h
from 000104h
Memory
Cycle
Instruction
Execution
INST(PC – 2)
TBLRDCycle 1
TBLRDCycle 2
MOVLW
FIGURE 8-5:
EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR SLEEP (EXTENDED
MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
Q1 Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1 Q2
Q3 Q4
Q1
00h
00h
A<19:16>
AD<15:0>
0E55h
0003h
3AAAh
3AABh
CE
ALE
OE
Memory
Cycle
Opcode Fetch
MOVLW55h
Opcode Fetch
SLEEP
Sleep Mode, Bus Inactive
from 007554h
from 007556h
Instruction
Execution
INST(PC – 2)
SLEEP
DS39663F-page 102
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
will enable one byte of program memory for a portion of
the instruction cycle, then BA0 will change and the
second byte will be enabled to form the 16-bit instruc-
tion word. The Least Significant bit of the address, BA0,
must be connected to the memory devices in this
mode. The Chip Enable signal (CE) is active at any
time that the microcontroller accesses external
memory, whether reading or writing. It is inactive
(asserted high) whenever the device is in Sleep mode.
8.7
8-Bit Mode
In 8-Bit Data Width mode, the external memory bus
operates only in Multiplexed mode; that is, data shares
the 8 Least Significant bits of the address bus.
Figure 8-6 shows an example of 8-Bit Multiplexed
mode for 80-pin devices. This mode is used for a single
8-bit memory connected for 16-bit operation. The
instructions will be fetched as two 8-bit bytes on a
shared data/address bus. The two bytes are sequen-
tially fetched within one instruction cycle (TCY).
Therefore, the designer must choose external memory
devices according to timing calculations based on
1/2 TCY (2 times the instruction rate). For proper mem-
ory speed selection, glue logic propagation delay times
must be considered, along with setup and hold times.
This generally includes basic EPROM and Flash
devices. It allows table writes to byte-wide external
memories.
During a TBLWTinstruction cycle, the TABLAT data is
presented on the upper and lower bytes of the
AD<15:0> bus. The appropriate level of the BA0 control
line is strobed on the LSb of the TBLPTR.
The Address Latch Enable (ALE) pin indicates that the
address bits, AD<15:0>, are available on the external
memory interface bus. The Output Enable signal (OE)
FIGURE 8-6:
8-BIT MULTIPLEXED MODE EXAMPLE
D<7:0>
PIC18F8XJ10
AD<7:0>
A<19:0>
A<x:1>
373
ALE
D<15:8>
A0
D<7:0>
CE
(1)
AD<15:8>
(1)
(2)
A<19:16>
OE WR
BA0
CE
OE
WRL
Address Bus
Data Bus
Control Lines
Note 1: Upper order address bits are only used for 20-bit address width. The upper AD byte is used for all
address widths except 8-bit.
2: This signal only applies to table writes. See Section 7.1 “Table Reads and Table Writes”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 103
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
8.7.1
8-BIT MODE TIMING
The presentation of control signals on the external
memory bus is different for the various operating
modes. Typical signal timing diagrams are shown in
Figure 8-7 and Figure 8-8.
FIGURE 8-7:
EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR TBLRD (EXTENDED
MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
Q1 Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1 Q2
Q3 Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
0Ch
CFh
A<19:16>
AD<15:8>
AD<7:0>
CE
33h
92h
ALE
OE
Opcode Fetch
TBLRD *
from 000100h
Opcode Fetch
MOVLW55h
from 000102h
Opcode Fetch
ADDLW55h
from 000104h
TBLRD92h
from 199E67h
Memory
Cycle
Instruction
Execution
INST(PC – 2)
TBLRDCycle 1
TBLRDCycle 2
MOVLW
FIGURE 8-8:
EXTERNAL MEMORY BUS TIMING FOR SLEEP (EXTENDED
MICROCONTROLLER MODE)
Q1 Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1 Q2
Q3 Q4
Q1
00h
00h
A<19:16>
AD<15:8>
AD<7:0>
3Ah
00h 03h
3Ah
0Eh 55h
AAh
ABh
BA0
CE
ALE
OE
Memory
Cycle
Opcode Fetch
MOVLW55h
Opcode Fetch
Sleep Mode, Bus Inactive
SLEEP
from 007554h
from 007556h
Instruction
Execution
INST(PC – 2)
SLEEP
DS39663F-page 104
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
In Sleep and Idle modes, the microcontroller core does
not need to access data; bus operations are
suspended. The state of the external bus is frozen, with
the address/data pins and most of the control pins hold-
ing at the same state they were in when the mode was
invoked. The only potential changes are the CE, LB
and UB pins, which are held at logic high.
8.8
Operation in Power-Managed
Modes
In alternate power-managed Run modes, the external
bus continues to operate normally. If a clock source
with a lower speed is selected, bus operations will run
at that speed. In these cases, excessive access times
for the external memory may result if wait states have
been enabled and added to external memory opera-
tions. If operations in a lower power Run mode are
anticipated, users should provide in their applications
for adjusting memory access times at the lower clock
speeds.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 105
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 106
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
EXAMPLE 9-1:
8 x 8 UNSIGNED
MULTIPLY ROUTINE
9.0
9.1
8 x 8 HARDWARE MULTIPLIER
Introduction
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1, W
ARG2
;
; ARG1 * ARG2 ->
; PRODH:PRODL
All PIC18 devices include an 8 x 8 hardware multiplier
as part of the ALU. The multiplier performs an unsigned
operation and yields a 16-bit result that is stored in the
product register pair, PRODH:PRODL. The multiplier’s
operation does not affect any flags in the STATUS
register.
EXAMPLE 9-2:
8 x 8 SIGNED MULTIPLY
ROUTINE
Making multiplication a hardware operation allows it to
be completed in a single instruction cycle. This has the
advantages of higher computational throughput and
reduced code size for multiplication algorithms and
allows the PIC18 devices to be used in many applica-
tions previously reserved for digital signal processors.
A comparison of various hardware and software
multiply operations, along with the savings in memory
and execution time, is shown in Table 9-1.
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1, W
ARG2
; ARG1 * ARG2 ->
; PRODH:PRODL
; Test Sign Bit
; PRODH = PRODH
BTFSC
SUBWF
ARG2, SB
PRODH, F
;
- ARG1
MOVF
BTFSC
SUBWF
ARG2, W
ARG1, SB
PRODH, F
; Test Sign Bit
; PRODH = PRODH
;
- ARG2
9.2
Operation
Example 9-1 shows the instruction sequence for an 8 x 8
unsigned multiplication. Only one instruction is required
when one of the arguments is already loaded in the
WREG register.
Example 9-2 shows the sequence to do an 8 x 8 signed
multiplication. To account for the sign bits of the argu-
ments, each argument’s Most Significant bit (MSb) is
tested and the appropriate subtractions are done.
TABLE 9-1:
Routine
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLY OPERATIONS
Program
Memory
(Words)
Time
Cycles
(Max)
Multiply Method
@ 40 MHz @ 10 MHz @ 4 MHz
Without Hardware Multiply
Hardware Multiply
13
1
69
1
6.9 μs
100 ns
9.1 μs
600 ns
24.2 μs
2.8 μs
25.4 μs
4.0 μs
27.6 μs
400 ns
36.4 μs
2.4 μs
69 μs
1 μs
8 x 8 unsigned
8 x 8 signed
Without Hardware Multiply
Hardware Multiply
33
6
91
6
91 μs
6 μs
Without Hardware Multiply
Hardware Multiply
21
28
52
35
242
28
254
40
96.8 μs
11.2 μs
102.6 μs
16.0 μs
242 μs
28 μs
254 μs
40 μs
16 x 16 unsigned
16 x 16 signed
Without Hardware Multiply
Hardware Multiply
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 107
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Example 9-3 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16
unsigned multiplication. Equation 9-1 shows the
algorithm that is used. The 32-bit result is stored in four
registers (RES3:RES0).
EQUATION 9-2:
16 x 16 SIGNED
MULTIPLICATION
ALGORITHM
RES3:RES0 = ARG1H:ARG1L • ARG2H:ARG2L
16
= (ARG1H • ARG2H • 2 ) +
(ARG1H • ARG2L • 2 ) +
(ARG1L • ARG2H • 2 ) +
(ARG1L • ARG2L) +
(-1 • ARG2H<7> • ARG1H:ARG1L • 2 ) +
(-1 • ARG1H<7> • ARG2H:ARG2L • 2
8
EQUATION 9-1:
16 x 16 UNSIGNED
MULTIPLICATION
ALGORITHM
8
16
RES3:RES0
=
=
ARG1H:ARG1L • ARG2H:ARG2L
16
)
16
(ARG1H • ARG2H • 2 ) +
8
(ARG1H • ARG2L • 2 ) +
8
(ARG1L • ARG2H • 2 ) +
EXAMPLE 9-4:
16 x 16 SIGNED
MULTIPLY ROUTINE
(ARG1L • ARG2L)
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1L, W
ARG2L
; ARG1L * ARG2L ->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
;
EXAMPLE 9-3:
16 x 16 UNSIGNED
MULTIPLY ROUTINE
MOVFF
MOVFF
PRODH, RES1
PRODL, RES0
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1L, W
ARG2L
; ARG1L * ARG2L->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
;
;
;
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1H, W
ARG2H
MOVFF
MOVFF
PRODH, RES1
PRODL, RES0
; ARG1H * ARG2H ->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
;
;
;
MOVFF
MOVFF
PRODH, RES3
PRODL, RES2
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1H, W
ARG2H
; ARG1H * ARG2H->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
;
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1L, W
ARG2H
MOVFF
MOVFF
PRODH, RES3
PRODL, RES2
; ARG1L * ARG2H ->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
; Add cross
; products
;
;
;
MOVF
ADDWF
MOVF
ADDWFC RES2, F
CLRF WREG
ADDWFC RES3, F
PRODL, W
RES1, F
PRODH, W
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1L, W
ARG2H
; ARG1L * ARG2H->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
; Add cross
; products
;
;
;
MOVF
ADDWF
MOVF
PRODL, W
RES1, F
PRODH, W
;
ADDWFC RES2, F
CLRF WREG
ADDWFC RES3, F
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1H, W
ARG2L
;
; ARG1H * ARG2L ->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
; Add cross
; products
;
;
;
;
MOVF
ADDWF
MOVF
ADDWFC RES2, F
CLRF WREG
ADDWFC RES3, F
PRODL, W
RES1, F
PRODH, W
MOVF
MULWF
ARG1H, W
ARG2L
;
; ARG1H * ARG2L->
; PRODH:PRODL
;
; Add cross
; products
;
;
;
MOVF
ADDWF
MOVF
PRODL, W
RES1, F
PRODH, W
;
;
ADDWFC RES2, F
CLRF WREG
ADDWFC RES3, F
BTFSS
BRA
MOVF
SUBWF
MOVF
ARG2H, 7
SIGN_ARG1
ARG1L, W
RES2
; ARG2H:ARG2L neg?
; no, check ARG1
;
;
;
Example 9-4 shows the sequence to do a 16 x 16
signed multiply. Equation 9-2 shows the algorithm
used. The 32-bit result is stored in four registers
(RES3:RES0). To account for the sign bits of the
arguments, the MSb for each argument pair is tested
and the appropriate subtractions are done.
ARG1H, W
SUBWFB RES3
SIGN_ARG1
BTFSS
BRA
ARG1H, 7
CONT_CODE
ARG2L, W
RES2
; ARG1H:ARG1L neg?
; no, done
;
;
;
MOVF
SUBWF
MOVF
ARG2H, W
SUBWFB RES3
;
CONT_CODE
:
DS39663F-page 108
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
When the IPEN bit is cleared (default state), the
interrupt priority feature is disabled and interrupts are
compatible with PIC® mid-range devices. In
Compatibility mode, the interrupt priority bits for each
source have no effect. INTCON<6> is the PEIE bit
which enables/disables all peripheral interrupt sources.
INTCON<7> is the GIE bit which enables/disables all
interrupt sources. All interrupts branch to address
0008h in Compatibility mode.
10.0 INTERRUPTS
Members of the PIC18F87J10 family of devices have
multiple interrupt sources and an interrupt priority
feature that allows most interrupt sources to be
assigned a high-priority level or a low-priority level. The
high-priority interrupt vector is at 0008h and the
low-priority interrupt vector is at 0018h. High-priority
interrupt events will interrupt any low-priority interrupts
that may be in progress.
When an interrupt is responded to, the global interrupt
enable bit is cleared to disable further interrupts. If the
IPEN bit is cleared, this is the GIE bit. If interrupt priority
levels are used, this will be either the GIEH or GIEL bit.
There are thirteen registers which are used to control
interrupt operation. These registers are:
• RCON
High-priority interrupt sources can interrupt
a
• INTCON
low-priority interrupt. Low-priority interrupts are not
processed while high-priority interrupts are in progress.
• INTCON2
• INTCON3
The return address is pushed onto the stack and the
PC is loaded with the interrupt vector address (0008h
or 0018h). Once in the Interrupt Service Routine, the
source(s) of the interrupt can be determined by polling
the interrupt flag bits. The interrupt flag bits must be
cleared in software before re-enabling interrupts to
avoid recursive interrupts.
• PIR1, PIR2, PIR3
• PIE1, PIE2, PIE3
• IPR1, IPR2, IPR3
It is recommended that the Microchip header files
supplied with MPLAB® IDE be used for the symbolic bit
names in these registers. This allows the
assembler/compiler to automatically take care of the
placement of these bits within the specified register.
The “return from interrupt” instruction, RETFIE, exits
the interrupt routine and sets the GIE bit (GIEH or GIEL
if priority levels are used) which re-enables interrupts.
In general, interrupt sources have three bits to control
their operation. They are:
For external interrupt events, such as the INTx pins or
the PORTB input change interrupt, the interrupt latency
will be three to four instruction cycles. The exact
latency is the same for one or two-cycle instructions.
Individual interrupt flag bits are set regardless of the
status of their corresponding enable bit or the GIE bit.
• Flag bit to indicate that an interrupt event
occurred
• Enable bit that allows program execution to
branch to the interrupt vector address when the
flag bit is set
Note:
Do not use the MOVFFinstruction to modify
any of the interrupt control registers while
any interrupt is enabled. Doing so may
cause erratic microcontroller behavior.
• Priority bit to select high priority or low priority
The interrupt priority feature is enabled by setting the
IPEN bit (RCON<7>). When interrupt priority is
enabled, there are two bits which enable interrupts
globally. Setting the GIEH bit (INTCON<7>) enables all
interrupts that have the priority bit set (high priority).
Setting the GIEL bit (INTCON<6>) enables all
interrupts that have the priority bit cleared (low priority).
When the interrupt flag, enable bit and appropriate
global interrupt enable bit are set, the interrupt will
vector immediately to address 0008h or 0018h,
depending on the priority bit setting. Individual
interrupts can be disabled through their corresponding
enable bits.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 109
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 10-1:
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INTERRUPT LOGIC
Wake-up if in
Idle or Sleep modes
TMR0IF
TMR0IE
TMR0IP
RBIF
RBIE
RBIP
INT0IF
INT0IE
INT1IF
INT1IE
INT1IP
INT2IF
INT2IE
INT2IP
INT3IF
INT3IE
INT3IP
Interrupt to CPU
Vector to Location
0008h
PIR1<7:0>
PIE1<7:0>
IPR1<7:0>
GIE/GIEH
PIR2<7:6, 3:0>
PIE2<7:6, 3:0>
IPR2<7:6, 3:0>
IPEN
PIR3<7, 0>
PIE3<7, 0>
IPR3<7, 0>
IPEN
PEIE/GIEL
IPEN
High-Priority Interrupt Generation
Low-Priority Interrupt Generation
PIR1<7:0>
PIE1<7:0>
IPR1<7:0>
PIR2<7:6, 3:0>
PIE2<7:6, 3:0>
IPR2<7:6, 3:0>
Interrupt to CPU
Vector to Location
0018h
TMR0IF
TMR0IE
TMR0IP
IPEN
PIR3<7, 0>
PIE3<7, 0>
IPR3<7, 0>
RBIF
RBIE
RBIP
GIE/GIEH
PEIE/GIEL
INT1IF
INT1IE
INT1IP
INT2IF
INT2IE
INT2IP
INT3IF
INT3IE
INT3IP
DS39663F-page 110
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
10.1 INTCON Registers
Note:
Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the global
interrupt enable bit. User software should
ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt.
This feature allows for software polling.
The INTCON registers are readable and writable
registers which contain various enable, priority and flag
bits.
REGISTER 10-1: INTCON: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
RBIE
R/W-0
R/W-0
INT0IF
R/W-x
RBIF(1)
GIE/GIEH
PEIE/GIEL
TMR0IE
INT0IE
TMR0IF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
GIE/GIEH: Global Interrupt Enable bit
When IPEN = 0:
1= Enables all unmasked interrupts
0= Disables all interrupts
When IPEN = 1:
1= Enables all high-priority interrupts
0= Disables all interrupts
bit 6
PEIE/GIEL: Peripheral Interrupt Enable bit
When IPEN = 0:
1= Enables all unmasked peripheral interrupts
0= Disables all peripheral interrupts
When IPEN = 1:
1= Enables all low-priority peripheral interrupts
0= Disables all low-priority peripheral interrupts
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
TMR0IE: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the TMR0 overflow interrupt
0= Disables the TMR0 overflow interrupt
INT0IE: INT0 External Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the INT0 external interrupt
0= Disables the INT0 external interrupt
RBIE: RB Port Change Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the RB port change interrupt
0= Disables the RB port change interrupt
TMR0IF: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1= TMR0 register has overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0= TMR0 register did not overflow
INT0IF: INT0 External Interrupt Flag bit
1= The INT0 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= The INT0 external interrupt did not occur
RBIF: RB Port Change Interrupt Flag bit(1)
1= At least one of the RB<7:4> pins changed state (must be cleared in software)
0= None of the RB<7:4> pins have changed state
Note 1: A mismatch condition will continue to set this bit. Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and allow
the bit to be cleared.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 111
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-2: INTCON2: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 2
R/W-1
RBPU
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
RBIP
INTEDG0
INTEDG1
INTEDG2
INTEDG3
TMR0IP
INT3IP
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
RBPU: PORTB Pull-up Enable bit
1= All PORTB pull-ups are disabled
0= PORTB pull-ups are enabled by individual port latch values
INTEDG0: External Interrupt 0 Edge Select bit
1= Interrupt on rising edge
0= Interrupt on falling edge
INTEDG1: External Interrupt 1 Edge Select bit
1= Interrupt on rising edge
0= Interrupt on falling edge
INTEDG2: External Interrupt 2 Edge Select bit
1= Interrupt on rising edge
0= Interrupt on falling edge
INTEDG3: External Interrupt 3 Edge Select bit
1= Interrupt on rising edge
0= Interrupt on falling edge
TMR0IP: TMR0 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
INT3IP: INT3 External Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
RBIP: RB Port Change Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
Note:
Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding
enable bit or the global interrupt enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.
DS39663F-page 112
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-3: INTCON3: INTERRUPT CONTROL REGISTER 3
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
INT3IF
R/W-0
INT2IF
R/W-0
INT1IF
INT2IP
INT1IP
INT3IE
INT2IE
INT1IE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
INT2IP: INT2 External Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
INT1IP: INT1 External Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
INT3IE: INT3 External Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the INT3 external interrupt
0= Disables the INT3 external interrupt
INT2IE: INT2 External Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the INT2 external interrupt
0= Disables the INT2 external interrupt
INT1IE: INT1 External Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the INT1 external interrupt
0= Disables the INT1 external interrupt
INT3IF: INT3 External Interrupt Flag bit
1= The INT3 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= The INT3 external interrupt did not occur
INT2IF: INT2 External Interrupt Flag bit
1= The INT2 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= The INT2 external interrupt did not occur
INT1IF: INT1 External Interrupt Flag bit
1= The INT1 external interrupt occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= The INT1 external interrupt did not occur
Note:
Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt condition occurs regardless of the state of its corresponding
enable bit or the global interrupt enable bit. User software should ensure the appropriate interrupt flag bits
are clear prior to enabling an interrupt. This feature allows for software polling.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 113
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
10.2 PIR Registers
Note 1: Interrupt flag bits are set when an interrupt
condition occurs regardless of the state of
its corresponding enable bit or the Global
Interrupt Enable bit, GIE (INTCON<7>).
The PIR registers contain the individual flag bits for the
peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of peripheral
interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral Interrupt
Request (Flag) registers (PIR1, PIR2, PIR3).
2: User software should ensure the
appropriate interrupt flag bits are cleared
prior to enabling an interrupt and after
servicing that interrupt.
REGISTER 10-4: PIR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 1
R/W-0
PSPIF
R/W-0
ADIF
R-0
R-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
RC1IF
TX1IF
SSP1IF
CCP1IF
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
PSPIF: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Flag bit
1= A read or write operation has taken place (must be cleared in software)
0= No read or write has occurred
ADIF: A/D Converter Interrupt Flag bit
1= An A/D conversion completed (must be cleared in software)
0= The A/D conversion is not complete
RC1IF: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Flag bit
1= The EUSART1 receive buffer, RCREGx, is full (cleared when RCREGx is read)
0= The EUSART1 receive buffer is empty
TX1IF: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1= The EUSART1 transmit buffer, TXREGx, is empty (cleared when TXREGx is written)
0= The EUSART1 transmit buffer is full
SSP1IF: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Flag bit
1= The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0= Waiting to transmit/receive
CCP1IF: ECCP1 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1
bit 0
TMR2IF: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1= TMR2 to PR2 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR2 to PR2 match occurred
TMR1IF: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1= TMR1 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0= TMR1 register did not overflow
DS39663F-page 114
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-5: PIR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 2
R/W-0
R/W-0
CMIF
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
OSCFIF
BCL1IF
TMR3IF
CCP2IF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
OSCFIF: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Flag bit
1= Device oscillator failed, clock input has changed to INTRC (must be cleared in software)
0= Device clock operating
CMIF: Comparator Interrupt Flag bit
1= Comparator input has changed (must be cleared in software)
0= Comparator input has not changed
bit 5-4
bit 3
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
BCL1IF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit (MSSP1 module)
1= A bus collision occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No bus collision occurred
bit 2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
TMR3IF: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Flag bit
1= TMR3 register overflowed (must be cleared in software)
0= TMR3 register did not overflow
bit 0
CCP2IF: ECCP2 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1 or TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 115
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-6: PIR3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT REQUEST (FLAG) REGISTER 3
R/W-0
R/W-0
R-0
R-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSP2IF
BCL2IF
RC2IF
TX2IF
TMR4IF
CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP3IF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
SSP2IF: Master Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Flag bit
1= The transmission/reception is complete (must be cleared in software)
0= Waiting to transmit/receive
BCL2IF: Bus Collision Interrupt Flag bit (MSSP2 module)
1= A bus collision occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No bus collision occurred
RC2IF: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Flag bit
1= The EUSART2 Receive Buffer, RCREGx, is full (cleared when RCREGx is read)
0= The EUSART2 Receive Buffer is empty
TX2IF: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Flag bit
1= The EUSART2 Transmit Buffer, TXREGx, is empty (cleared when TXREGx is written)
0= The EUSART2 Transmit Buffer is full
TMR4IF: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Flag bit
1= TMR4 to PR4 match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR4 to PR4 match occurred
CCP5IF: CCP5 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1
CCP4IF: CCP4 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 0
CCP3IF: ECCP3 Interrupt Flag bit
Capture mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register capture occurred
Compare mode:
1= A TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred (must be cleared in software)
0= No TMR1/TMR3 register compare match occurred
PWM mode:
Unused in this mode.
DS39663F-page 116
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
10.3 PIE Registers
The PIE registers contain the individual enable bits for
the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of
peripheral interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral
Interrupt Enable registers (PIE1, PIE2, PIE3). When
IPEN = 0, the PEIE bit must be set to enable any of
these peripheral interrupts.
REGISTER 10-7: PIE1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 1
R/W-0
PSPIE
R/W-0
ADIE
R/W-0
RC1IE
R/W-0
TX1IE
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSP1IE
CCP1IE
TMR2IE
TMR1IE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
PSPIE: Parallel Slave Port Read/Write Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the PSP read/write interrupt
0= Disables the PSP read/write interrupt
ADIE: A/D Converter Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the A/D interrupt
0= Disables the A/D interrupt
RC1IE: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the EUSART1 receive interrupt
0= Disables the EUSART1 receive interrupt
TX1IE: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the EUSART1 transmit interrupt
0= Disables the EUSART1 transmit interrupt
SSP1IE: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the MSSP1 interrupt
0= Disables the MSSP1 interrupt
CCP1IE: ECCP1 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the ECCP1 interrupt
0= Disables the ECCP1 interrupt
TMR2IE: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
0= Disables the TMR2 to PR2 match interrupt
TMR1IE: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
0= Disables the TMR1 overflow interrupt
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 117
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-8: PIE2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 2
R/W-0
R/W-0
CMIE
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
OSCFIE
BCL1IE
TMR3IE
CCP2IE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
OSCFIE: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
CMIE: Comparator Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
bit 5-4
bit 3
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
BCL1IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit (MSSP1 module)
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
bit 2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
TMR3IE: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
bit 0
CCP2IE: ECCP2 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
DS39663F-page 118
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-9: PIE3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT ENABLE REGISTER 3
R/W-0
R/W-0
R-0
R-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSP2IE
BCL2IE
RC2IE
TX2IE
TMR4IE
CCP5IE
CCP4IE
CCP3IE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
SSP2IE: Master Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
BCL2IE: Bus Collision Interrupt Enable bit (MSSP2 module)
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
RC2IE: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
TX2IE: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
CCP5IE: CCP5 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
CCP4IE: CCP4 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
CCP3IE: ECCP3 Interrupt Enable bit
1= Enabled
0= Disabled
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 119
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
10.4 IPR Registers
The IPR registers contain the individual priority bits for
the peripheral interrupts. Due to the number of
peripheral interrupt sources, there are three Peripheral
Interrupt Priority registers (IPR1, IPR2, IPR3). Using
the priority bits requires that the Interrupt Priority
Enable (IPEN) bit be set.
REGISTER 10-10: IPR1: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 1
R/W-1
PSPIP
R/W-1
ADIP
R/W-1
RC1IP
R/W-1
TX1IP
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
SSP1IP
CCP1IP
TMR2IP
TMR1IP
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
PSPIP: Parallel Port Read/Write Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
ADIP: A/D Converter Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
RC1IP: EUSART1 Receive Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
TX1IP: EUSART1 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
SSP1IP: Master Synchronous Serial Port 1 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
CCP1IP: ECCP1 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
TMR2IP: TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
TMR1IP: TMR1 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
DS39663F-page 120
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-11: IPR2: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 2
R/W-1
R/W-1
CMIP
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
U-0
—
R/W-1
R/W-1
OSCFIP
BCL1IP
TMR3IP
CCP2IP
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
OSCFIP: Oscillator Fail Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
CMIP: Comparator Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
bit 5-4
bit 3
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
BCL1IP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit (MSSP1 module)
1= High priority
0= Low priority
bit 2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
TMR3IP: TMR3 Overflow Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
bit 0
CCP2IP: ECCP2 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 121
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 10-12: IPR3: PERIPHERAL INTERRUPT PRIORITY REGISTER 3
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
RC2IP
R/W-1
TX2IP
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
SSP2IP
BCL2IP
TMR4IP
CCP5IP
CCP4IP
CCP3IP
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
SSP2IP: Master Synchronous Serial Port 2 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
BCL2IP: Bus Collision Interrupt Priority bit (MSSP2 module)
1= High priority
0= Low priority
RC2IP: EUSART2 Receive Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
TX2IP: EUSART2 Transmit Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
TMR4IE: TMR4 to PR4 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
CCP5IP: CCP5 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
CCP4IP: CCP4 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
CCP3IP: ECCP3 Interrupt Priority bit
1= High priority
0= Low priority
DS39663F-page 122
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
10.5 RCON Register
The RCON register contains bits used to determine the
cause of the last Reset or wake-up from Idle or Sleep
modes. RCON also contains the bit that enables
interrupt priorities (IPEN).
REGISTER 10-13: RCON: RESET CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
IPEN
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-1
RI
R-1
TO
R-1
PD
R/W-0
POR
R/W-0
BOR
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
IPEN: Interrupt Priority Enable bit
1= Enable priority levels on interrupts
0= Disable priority levels on interrupts (PIC16CXXX Compatibility mode)
bit 6-5
bit 4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
RI: RESETInstruction Flag bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.
TO: Watchdog Time-out Flag bit
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.
PD: Power-Down Detection Flag bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.
POR: Power-on Reset Status bit(2)
For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.
BOR: Brown-out Reset Status bit
For details of bit operation, see Register 4-1.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 123
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10.6 INTx Pin Interrupts
10.7 TMR0 Interrupt
External interrupts on the RB0/INT0, RB1/INT1,
RB2/INT2 and RB3/INT3 pins are edge-triggered. If the
corresponding INTEDGx bit in the INTCON2 register is
set (= 1), the interrupt is triggered by a rising edge; if
the bit is clear, the trigger is on the falling edge. When
a valid edge appears on the RBx/INTx pin, the
corresponding flag bit, INTxIF, is set. This interrupt can
be disabled by clearing the corresponding enable bit,
INTxIE. Flag bit, INTxIF, must be cleared in software in
the Interrupt Service Routine before re-enabling the
interrupt.
In 8-bit mode (which is the default), an overflow in the
TMR0 register (FFh → 00h) will set flag bit, TMR0IF. In
16-bit mode, an overflow in the TMR0H:TMR0L register
pair (FFFFh → 0000h) will set TMR0IF. The interrupt
can be enabled/disabled by setting/clearing enable bit,
TMR0IE (INTCON<5>). Interrupt priority for Timer0 is
determined by the value contained in the interrupt prior-
ity bit, TMR0IP (INTCON2<2>). See Section 12.0
“Timer0 Module” for further details on the Timer0
module.
10.8 PORTB Interrupt-on-Change
All external interrupts (INT0, INT1, INT2 and INT3) can
wake-up the processor from the power-managed
modes if bit, INTxIE, was set prior to going into the
power-managed modes. If the Global Interrupt Enable
bit, GIE, is set, the processor will branch to the interrupt
vector following wake-up.
An input-on-change PORTB<7:4> sets flag bit, RBIF
(INTCON<0>). The interrupt can be enabled/disabled
by setting/clearing enable bit, RBIE (INTCON<3>).
Interrupt priority for PORTB interrupt-on-change is
determined by the value contained in the interrupt
priority bit, RBIP (INTCON2<0>).
Interrupt priority for INT1, INT2 and INT3 is determined
by the value contained in the interrupt priority bits,
INT1IP (INTCON3<6>), INT2IP (INTCON3<7>) and
INT3IP (INTCON2<1>). There is no priority bit
associated with INT0. It is always a high-priority
interrupt source.
10.9 Context Saving During Interrupts
During interrupts, the return PC address is saved on
the stack. Additionally, the WREG, STATUS and BSR
registers are saved on the fast return stack. If a fast
return from interrupt is not used (see Section 6.3
“Data Memory Organization”), the user may need to
save the WREG, STATUS and BSR registers on entry
to the Interrupt Service Routine. Depending on the
user’s application, other registers may also need to be
saved. Example 10-1 saves and restores the WREG,
STATUS and BSR registers during an Interrupt Service
Routine.
EXAMPLE 10-1:
SAVING STATUS, WREG AND BSR REGISTERS IN RAM
MOVWF
MOVFF
MOVFF
;
W_TEMP
STATUS, STATUS_TEMP
BSR, BSR_TEMP
; W_TEMP is in virtual bank
; STATUS_TEMP located anywhere
; BSR_TMEP located anywhere
; USER ISR CODE
;
MOVFF
MOVF
MOVFF
BSR_TEMP, BSR
W_TEMP, W
STATUS_TEMP, STATUS
; Restore BSR
; Restore WREG
; Restore STATUS
DS39663F-page 124
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
11.1 I/O Port Pin Capabilities
11.0 I/O PORTS
When developing an application, the capabilities of the
port pins must be considered. Outputs on some pins
have higher output drive strength than others. Similarly,
some pins can tolerate higher than VDD input levels.
Depending on the device selected and features
enabled, there are up to nine ports available. Some
pins of the I/O ports are multiplexed with an alternate
function from the peripheral features on the device. In
general, when a peripheral is enabled, that pin may not
be used as a general purpose I/O pin.
11.1.1
PIN OUTPUT DRIVE
The output pin drive strengths vary for groups of pins
intended to meet the needs for a variety of applications.
PORTB and PORTC are designed to drive higher
loads, such as LEDs. The external memory interface
ports (PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ) are designed to
drive medium loads. All other ports are designed for
small loads, typically indication only. Table 11-1 sum-
marizes the output capabilities. Refer to Section 27.0
“Electrical Characteristics” for more details.
Each port has three registers for its operation. These
registers are:
• TRIS register (Data Direction register)
• PORT register (reads the levels on the pins of the
device)
• LAT register (Output Latch register)
The Output Latch (LAT register) is useful for
read-modify-write operations on the value that the I/O
pins are driving.
TABLE 11-1: OUTPUT DRIVE LEVELS
A simplified model of a generic I/O port, without the
interfaces to other peripherals, is shown in Figure 11-1.
Port
Drive
Description
PORTA
PORTF
PORTG
PORTH(1)
PORTD
PORTE
PORTJ(1)
PORTB
PORTC
Minimum Intended for indication.
FIGURE 11-1:
GENERIC I/O PORT
OPERATION
RD LAT
Medium Sufficient drive levels for
external memory interfacing
as well as indication.
Data
Bus
D
Q
WR LAT
or Port
I/O pin(1)
High
Suitable for direct LED drive
levels.
CK
Data Latch
Note 1: These ports are not available on 64-pin
D
Q
devices.
WR TRIS
RD TRIS
CK
TRIS Latch
Input
Buffer
Q
D
EN
RD Port
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 125
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
11.1.2
INPUT PINS AND VOLTAGE
CONSIDERATIONS
11.2 PORTA, TRISA and
LATA Registers
The voltage tolerance of pins used as device inputs is
dependent on the pin’s input function. Pins that are used
as digital only inputs are able to handle DC voltages up
to 5.5V, a level typical for digital logic circuits. In contrast,
pins that also have analog input functions of any kind
can only tolerate voltages up to VDD. Voltage excursions
beyond VDD on these pins should be avoided.
Table 11-2 summarizes the input capabilities. Refer to
Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics” for more
details.
PORTA is a 6-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISA. Setting a
TRISA bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTA pin
an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a
high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISA bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTA pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Reading the PORTA register reads the status of the
pins, whereas writing to it, will write to the port latch.
The Output Latch register (LATA) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATA
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTA.
TABLE 11-2: INPUT VOLTAGE LEVELS
Tolerated
Port or Pin
Description
Input
The RA4 pin is multiplexed with the Timer0 module
clock input to become the RA4/T0CKI pin. The other
PORTA pins are multiplexed with the analog VREF+ and
VREF- inputs. The operation of pins RA<5:0> as A/D
Converter inputs is selected by clearing or setting the
PCFG<3:0> control bits in the ADCON1 register.
PORTA<5:0>
PORTC<1:0>
PORTF<6:1>
PORTH<7:4>(1)
PORTB<7:0>
PORTC<7:2>
PORTD<7:0>
PORTE<7:0>
PORTF<7>
VDD
Only VDD input levels
tolerated.
5.5V
Tolerates input levels
above VDD, useful for
most standard logic.
Note:
RA5 and RA<3:0> are configured as
analog inputs on any Reset and are read
as ‘0’. RA4 is configured as a digital input.
The RA4/T0CKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. All other
PORTA pins have TTL input levels and full CMOS
output drivers.
PORTG<4:0>
PORTH<3:0>(1)
PORTJ<7:0>(1)
The TRISA register controls the direction of the PORTA
pins, even when they are being used as analog inputs.
The user must ensure the bits in the TRISA register are
maintained set when using them as analog inputs.
Note 1: These ports are not available on 64-pin
devices.
EXAMPLE 11-1:
INITIALIZING PORTA
CLRF
PORTA
LATA
07h
; Initialize PORTA by
; clearing output
; data latches
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVWF
MOVWF
MOVLW
; Configure A/D
ADCON1 ; for digital inputs
07h
CMCON
0CFh
; Configure comparators
; for digital input
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF
TRISA
; Set RA<3:0> as inputs
; RA<5:4> as outputs
DS39663F-page 126
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-3: PORTA FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
RA0/AN0
Function
I/O
Description
RA0
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
TTL
ANA
LATA<0> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTA<0> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
AN0
RA1
I
A/D Input Channel 0. Default input configuration on POR; does not
affect digital output.
RA1/AN1
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
TTL
ANA
LATA<1> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTA<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
AN1
RA2
I
A/D Input Channel 1. Default input configuration on POR; does not
affect digital output.
RA2/AN2/VREF-
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
TTL
ANA
LATA<2> data output; not affected by analog input. Disabled when
CVREF output enabled.
PORTA<2> data input. Disabled when analog functions enabled;
disabled when CVREF output enabled.
AN2
I
A/D Input Channel 2 and Comparator C2+ input. Default input
configuration on POR; not affected by analog output.
VREF-
RA3
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
x
0
1
1
I
O
I
ANA
DIG
TTL
ANA
ANA
DIG
ST
A/D and Comparator low reference voltage input.
LATA<3> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTA<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
A/D Input Channel 3. Default input configuration on POR.
A/D high reference voltage input.
RA3/AN3/VREF+
AN3
VREF+
RA4
I
I
RA4/T0CKI
RA5/AN4
O
I
LATA<4> data output.
PORTA<4> data input; default configuration on POR.
Timer0 clock input.
T0CKI
RA5
I
ST
O
I
DIG
TTL
ANA
LATA<5> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTA<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
A/D Input Channel 4. Default configuration on POR.
AN4
I
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
TABLE 11-4: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTA
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTA
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
RA5
RA4
RA3
RA2
RA1
RA0
56
56
56
54
LATA
LATA5
TRISA5
VCFG1
LATA4
TRISA4
VCFG0
LATA3
TRISA3
PCFG3
LATA2
TRISA2
PCFG2
LATA1
TRISA1
PCFG1
LATA0
TRISA0
PCFG0
TRISA
ADCON1
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTA.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 127
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Four of the PORTB pins (RB<7:4>) have an
interrupt-on-change feature. Only pins configured as
inputs can cause this interrupt to occur (i.e., any
RB<7:4> pin configured as an output is excluded from
the interrupt-on-change comparison). The input pins (of
RB<7:4>) are compared with the old value latched on
the last read of PORTB. The “mismatch” outputs of
RB<7:4> are ORed together to generate the RB Port
Change Interrupt with Flag bit, RBIF (INTCON<0>).
11.3 PORTB, TRISB and
LATB Registers
PORTB is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISB. Setting a
TRISB bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTB
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISB bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTB pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
All pins on PORTB are digital only and tolerate voltages
up to 5.5V.
This interrupt can wake the device from
power-managed modes. The user, in the Interrupt
Service Routine, can clear the interrupt in the following
manner:
The Output Latch register (LATB) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATB
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTB.
a) Any read or write of PORTB (except with the
MOVFF (ANY), PORTB instruction). This will
end the mismatch condition.
b) Clear flag bit, RBIF.
EXAMPLE 11-2:
INITIALIZING PORTB
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit, RBIF.
Reading PORTB will end the mismatch condition and
allow flag bit, RBIF, to be cleared.
CLRF
PORTB
; Initialize PORTB by
; clearing output
; data latches
CLRF
LATB
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
; Set RB<3:0> as inputs
; RB<5:4> as outputs
; RB<7:6> as inputs
The interrupt-on-change feature is recommended for
wake-up on key depression operation and operations
where PORTB is only used for the interrupt-on-change
feature. Polling of PORTB is not recommended while
using the interrupt-on-change feature.
MOVLW
MOVWF
0CFh
TRISB
For 80-pin devices, RB3 can be configured as the
alternate peripheral pin for the ECCP2 module and
Enhanced PWM Output 2A by clearing the CCP2MX
Configuration bit. This applies only to 80-pin devices
operating in Extended Microcontroller mode. If the
device is in Microcontroller mode, the alternate
assignment for ECCP2 is RE7. As with other ECCP2
configurations, the user must ensure that the TRISB<3>
bit is set appropriately for the intended operation.
Each of the PORTB pins has a weak internal pull-up. A
single control bit can turn on all the pull-ups. This is
performed by clearing bit, RBPU (INTCON2<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on a Power-on Reset.
DS39663F-page 128
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-5: PORTB FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
Function
I/O
Description
RB0/INT0/FLT0
RB0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
O
I
DIG LATB<0> data output.
TTL PORTB<0> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT0
FLT0
RB1
I
ST
ST
External Interrupt 0 input.
I
Enhanced PWM Fault input (ECCP1 module); enabled in software.
RB1/INT1
RB2/INT2
O
I
DIG LATB<1> data output.
TTL PORTB<1> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT1
RB2
I
ST
External Interrupt 1 input.
O
I
DIG LATB<2> data output.
TTL PORTB<2> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT2
RB3
I
ST
External Interrupt 2 input.
RB3/INT3/
ECCP2/P2A
O
I
DIG LATB<3> data output.
TTL PORTB<3> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
INT3
I
ST
DIG CCP2 compare output and CCP2 PWM output; takes priority over port data.
ST CCP2 capture input.
External Interrupt 3 input.
(1)
ECCP2
O
I
(1)
P2A
O
DIG ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for
tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port
data.
RB4/KBI0
RB4
0
1
O
I
DIG LATB<4> data output.
TTL PORTB<4> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
KBI0
RB5
I
RB5/KBI1
0
1
O
I
DIG LATB<5> data output.
TTL PORTB<5> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
KBI1
RB6
I
RB6/KBI2/PGC
0
1
1
x
0
1
1
x
x
O
I
DIG LATB<6> data output.
TTL PORTB<6> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
KBI2
PGC
RB7
I
TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
(2)
I
ST
Serial execution (ICSP™) clock input for ICSP and ICD operation.
RB7/KBI3/PGD
O
I
DIG LATB<7> data output.
TTL PORTB<7> data input; weak pull-up when RBPU bit is cleared.
TTL Interrupt-on-pin change.
KBI3
PGD
I
(2)
O
I
DIG Serial execution data output for ICSP and ICD operation.
(2)
ST
Serial execution data input for ICSP and ICD operation.
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (Extended Microcontroller mode,
80-pin devices only); default assignment is RC1.
2: All other pin functions are disabled when ICSP or ICD are enabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 129
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-6: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTB
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTB
RB7
RB6
RB5
RB4
RB3
RB2
RB1
RB0
56
56
56
53
53
53
LATB
LATB7
TRISB7
LATB6
TRISB6
LATB5
LATB4
LATB3
LATB2
LATB1
LATB0
TRISB
TRISB5 TRISB4 TRISB3 TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0
INTCON
INTCON2
INTCON3
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
INTEDG0 INTEDG1 INTEDG2 INTEDG3 TMR0IP
INT1IP INT3IE INT2IE INT1IE INT3IF
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
INT3IP
INT2IF
RBIF
RBIP
RBPU
INT2IP
INT1IF
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTB.
DS39663F-page 130
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
11.4 PORTC, TRISC and
LATC Registers
Note:
These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
PORTC is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISC. Setting a
TRISC bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTC
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISC bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTC pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Only PORTC pins, RC2 through RC7, are digital only
pins and can tolerate input voltages up to 5.5V.
The contents of the TRISC register are affected by
peripheral overrides. Reading TRISC always returns
the current contents, even though a peripheral device
may be overriding one or more of the pins.
EXAMPLE 11-3:
INITIALIZING PORTC
CLRF
PORTC
; Initialize PORTC by
; clearing output
; data latches
The Output Latch register (LATC) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATC
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTC.
CLRF
LATC
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
; Set RC<3:0> as inputs
; RC<5:4> as outputs
; RC<7:6> as inputs
MOVLW
MOVWF
0CFh
PORTC is multiplexed with several peripheral functions
(Table 11-7). The pins have Schmitt Trigger input
buffers. RC1 is normally configured by Configuration
bit, CCP2MX, as the default peripheral pin for the
ECCP2 module and enhanced PWM output, P2A
(default state, CCP2MX = 1).
TRISC
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTC pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an output,
while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a
pin an input. The user should refer to the corresponding
peripheral section for the correct TRIS bit settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 131
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-7: PORTC FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
Pin Name
Function
I/O
I/O Type
Description
RC0/T1OSO/
T13CKI
RC0
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATC<0> data output.
PORTC<0> data input.
T1OSO
O
ANA
Timer1 oscillator output; enabled when Timer1 oscillator enabled. Disables
digital I/O.
T13CKI
RC1
1
0
1
x
I
O
I
ST
DIG
ST
Timer1/Timer3 counter input.
LATC<1> data output.
RC1/T1OSI/
ECCP2/P2A
PORTC<1> data input.
T1OSI
I
ANA
Timer1 oscillator input; enabled when Timer1 oscillator enabled. Disables
digital I/O.
(1)
ECCP2
0
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
CCP2 compare output and CCP2 PWM output; takes priority over port data.
CCP2 capture input.
(1)
P2A
O
DIG
ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state
during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.
RC2/ECCP1/
P1A
RC2
0
1
0
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATC<2> data output.
PORTC<2> data input.
ECCP1
O
I
DIG
ST
CCP1 compare output and CCP1 PWM output; takes priority over port data.
CCP1 capture input.
P1A
RC3
O
DIG
ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A. May be configured for tri-state
during Enhanced PWM shutdown events. Takes priority over port data.
RC3/SCK1/
SCL1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATC<3> data output.
PORTC<3> data input.
SCK1
SCL1
RC4
O
I
DIG
ST
SPI clock output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
SPI clock input (MSSP1 module).
2
O
I
DIG
I C™ clock output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
2
2
I C/SMB I C clock input (MSSP1 module); input type depends on module setting.
RC4/SDI1/
SDA1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATC<4> data output.
PORTC<4> data input.
SDI1
I
ST
SPI data input (MSSP1 module).
2
SDA1
O
I
DIG
I C data output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
2
2
I C/SMB I C data input (MSSP1 module); input type depends on module setting.
RC5/SDO1
RC5
O
I
DIG
ST
LATC<5> data output.
PORTC<5> data input.
SDO1
RC6
O
O
I
DIG
DIG
ST
SPI data output (MSSP1 module); takes priority over port data.
LATC<6> data output.
RC6/TX1/CK1
PORTC<6> data input.
TX1
CK1
O
O
DIG
DIG
Synchronous serial data output (EUSART1 module); takes priority over port data.
Synchronous serial data input (EUSART1 module). User must configure as
an input.
1
0
1
1
1
I
O
I
ST
DIG
ST
Synchronous serial clock input (EUSART1 module).
LATC<7> data output.
RC7/RX1/DT1
RC7
PORTC<7> data input.
RX1
DT1
I
ST
Asynchronous serial receive data input (EUSART1 module).
O
DIG
Synchronous serial data output (EUSART1 module); takes priority over port
data.
1
I
ST
Synchronous serial data input (EUSART1 module). User must configure as
an input.
2
2
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, I C™/SMB = I C/SMBus input buffer, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Out-
put, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden
for this option).
Note 1: Default assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is set.
DS39663F-page 132
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-8: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTC
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTC
RC7
RC6
RC5
RC4
RC3
RC2
RC1
RC0
56
56
56
LATC
LATC7
LATBC6
LATC5
LATCB4
LATC3
LATC2
LATC1
LATC0
TRISC
TRISC7 TRISC6 TRISC5 TRISC4 TRISC3 TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 133
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
PORTD can also be configured to function as an 8-bit
wide, parallel microprocessor port by setting the
PSPMODE control bit (PSPCON<4>). In this mode,
parallel port data takes priority over other digital I/O (but
not the external memory interface). When the parallel
port is active, the input buffers are TTL. For more
information, refer to Section 11.11 “Parallel Slave
Port”.
11.5 PORTD, TRISD and
LATD Registers
PORTD is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISD. Setting a
TRISD bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTD
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISD bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTD pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
All pins on PORTD are digital only and tolerate voltages
up to 5.5V.
EXAMPLE 11-4:
INITIALIZING PORTD
CLRF
PORTD
; Initialize PORTD by
; clearing output
; data latches
The Output Latch register (LATD) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATD
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTD.
CLRF
LATD
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW
MOVWF
0CFh
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
; Set RD<3:0> as inputs
; RD<5:4> as outputs
; RD<7:6> as inputs
All pins on PORTD are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
TRISD
Note:
These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
On 80-pin devices, PORTD is multiplexed with the
system bus as part of the external memory interface.
I/O port and other functions are only available when the
interface is disabled by setting the EBDIS bit
(MEMCON<7>). When the interface is enabled,
PORTD is the low-order byte of the multiplexed
address/data bus (AD<7:0>). The TRISD bits are also
overridden.
Each of the PORTD pins has a weak internal pull-up.
The pull-ups are provided to keep the inputs at a known
state for the external memory interface while powering
up. A single control bit can turn off all the pull-ups. This
is performed by clearing bit, RDPU (PORTG<7>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on all device Resets.
DS39663F-page 134
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-9: PORTD FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
Pin Name
Function
I/O
I/O Type
Description
RD0/AD0/PSP0
RD0
0
1
x
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATD<0> data output.
PORTD<0> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD0
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
DIG
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 0 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 0 input.
PSP0
RD1
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<0>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
RD1/AD1/PSP1
RD2/AD2/PSP2
RD3/AD3/PSP3
0
1
x
x
x
x
0
1
x
x
x
x
0
1
x
x
x
x
0
1
x
x
x
x
0
0
1
x
x
x
x
1
1
1
O
I
LATD<1> data output.
PORTD<1> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD1
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
DIG
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 1 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 1 input.
PSP1
RD2
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<1>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
O
I
LATD<2> data output.
PORTD<2> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD2
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
DIG
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 2 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 2 input.
PSP2
RD3
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<2>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
O
I
LATD<3> data output.
PORTD<3> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD3
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
DIG
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 3 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 3 input.
PSP3
RD4
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<3>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
RD4/AD4/
PSP4/SDO2
O
I
LATD<4> data output.
PORTD<4> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD4
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
DIG
DIG
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 4 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 4 input.
PSP4
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<4>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
SDO2
RD5
O
O
I
SPI data output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
LATD<5> data output.
RD5/AD5/
PSP5/SDI2/
SDA2
PORTD<5> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD5
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 5 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 5 input.
PSP5
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<5>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
SDI2
I
SPI data input (MSSP2 module).
2
SDA2
O
I
DIG
I C™ data output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
2
2
I C/SMB I C data input (MSSP2 module); input type depends on module
setting.
2
2
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, I C™/SMB = I C/SMBus input buffer, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital
Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is
overridden for this option).
Note 1: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
2: Available on 80-pin devices only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 135
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-9: PORTD FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)
TRIS
Setting
Pin Name
Function
I/O
I/O Type
Description
RD6/AD6/
PSP6/SCK2/
SCL2
RD6
0
1
x
x
x
x
0
1
0
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATD<6> data output.
PORTD<6> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD6
O
I
DIG-3
TTL
DIG
TTL
DIG
ST
External memory interface, address/data bit 6 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 6 input.
PSP6
SCK2
SCL2
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<6>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
O
I
SPI clock output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
SPI clock input (MSSP2 module).
2
O
I
DIG
I C™ clock output (MSSP2 module); takes priority over port data.
2
2
I C/SMB I C clock input (MSSP2 module); input type depends on module
setting.
RD7/AD7/
PSP7/SS2
RD7
0
1
x
x
x
x
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATD<7> data output.
PORTD<7> data input.
(2)
(1)
AD7
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
TTL
TTL
External memory interface, address/data bit 7 output.
(1)
External memory interface, data bit 7 input.
PSP7
O
I
PSP read output data (LATD<7>); takes priority over port data.
PSP write data input.
SS2
I
Slave select input for MSSP (MSSP2 module).
2
2
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, I C™/SMB = I C/SMBus input buffer, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital
Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input, TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is
overridden for this option).
Note 1: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
2: Available on 80-pin devices only.
TABLE 11-10: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTD
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTD
LATD
RD7
RD6
LATD6
TRISD6
REPU
RD5
RD4
LATD4
TRISD4
RG4
RD3
LATD3
TRISD3
RG3
RD2
LATD2
TRISD2
RG2
RD1
LATD1
TRISD1
RG1
RD0
LATD0
TRISD0
RG0
56
56
56
56
LATD7
TRISD7
RDPU
LATD5
TRISD5
RJPU(1)
TRISD
PORTG
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTD.
Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices, read as ‘0’.
DS39663F-page 136
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
PORTE is also multiplexed with Enhanced PWM
outputs B and C for ECCP1 and ECCP3 and outputs B,
C and D for ECCP2. For all devices, their default
assignments are on PORTE<6:3>. On 80-pin devices,
the multiplexing for the outputs of ECCP1 and ECCP3
is controlled by the ECCPMX Configuration bit.
Clearing this bit reassigns the P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C
outputs to PORTH.
11.6 PORTE, TRISE and
LATE Registers
PORTE is a 7-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISE. Setting a
TRISE bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTE
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISE bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTE pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
All pins on PORTE are digital only and tolerate voltages
up to 5.5V.
For devices operating in Microcontroller mode, pin RE7
can be configured as the alternate peripheral pin for the
ECCP2 module and Enhanced PWM output 2A. This is
done by clearing the CCP2MX Configuration bit.
The Output Latch register (LATE) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATE
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTE.
When the Parallel Slave Port is active on PORTD, three
of the PORTE pins (RE0, RE1 and RE2) are configured
as digital control inputs for the port. The control
functions are summarized in Table 11-11. The reconfig-
uration occurs automatically when the PSPMODE
control bit (PSPCON<4>) is set. Users must still make
certain the corresponding TRISE bits are set to
configure these pins as digital inputs.
All pins on PORTE are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
Note:
These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
EXAMPLE 11-5:
INITIALIZING PORTE
On 80-pin devices, PORTE is multiplexed with the
system bus as part of the external memory interface.
I/O port and other functions are only available when the
interface is disabled, by setting the EBDIS bit
(MEMCON<7>). When the interface is enabled,
PORTE is the high-order byte of the multiplexed
address/data bus (AD<15:8>). The TRISE bits are also
overridden.
CLRF
PORTE
LATE
03h
; Initialize PORTE by
; clearing output
; data latches
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
TRISE
; Set RE<1:0> as inputs
; RE<7:2> as outputs
Each of the PORTE pins has a weak internal pull-up.
The pull-ups are provided to keep the inputs at a known
state for the external memory interface while powering
up. A single control bit can turn off all the pull-ups. This
is performed by clearing bit, REPU (PORTG<6>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on any device Reset.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 137
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-11: PORTE FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
Function
I/O
Description
RE0/AD8/RD/
P2D
RE0
0
1
x
x
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<0> data output.
PORTE<0> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD8
O
I
DIG
TTL
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 8 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 8 input.
RD
I
Parallel Slave Port read enable control input.
P2D
O
ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE1/AD9/WR/
P2C
RE1
0
1
x
x
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<1> data output.
PORTE<1> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD9
O
I
DIG
TTL
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 9 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 9 input.
WR
I
Parallel Slave Port write enable control input.
P2C
O
ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE2/AD10/CS/
P2B
RE2
0
1
x
x
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<2> data output.
PORTE<2> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD10
O
I
DIG
TTL
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 10 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 10 input.
CS
I
Parallel Slave Port chip select control input.
P2B
O
ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE3/AD11/
P3C
RE3
0
1
x
x
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<3> data output.
PORTE<3> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD11
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 11 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 11 input.
(1)
P3C
O
ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE4/AD12/
P3B
RE4
0
1
x
x
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<4> data output.
PORTE<4> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD12
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 12 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 12 input.
(1)
P3B
O
ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE5/AD13/
P1C
RE5
0
1
x
x
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<5> data output.
PORTE<5> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD13
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 13 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 13 input.
(1)
P1C
O
ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Default assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is set (80-pin devices only).
2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
3: Available on 80-pin devices only.
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (all devices in Microcontroller mode).
DS39663F-page 138
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-11: PORTE FUNCTIONS (CONTINUED)
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
Function
I/O
Description
RE6/AD14/
P1B
RE6
0
1
x
x
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<6> data output.
PORTE<6> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD14
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 14 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 14 input.
(1)
P1B
O
ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RE7/AD15/
ECCP2/P2A
RE7
0
1
x
x
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATE<7> data output.
PORTE<7> data input.
(3)
(2)
AD15
O
I
DIG
TTL
DIG
External memory interface, address/data bit 15 output.
(2)
External memory interface, data bit 15 input.
(4)
ECCP2
O
CCP2 compare output and CCP2 PWM output; takes priority over
port data.
1
0
I
ST
CCP2 capture input.
(4)
P2A
O
DIG
ECCP2 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port
and PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Default assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when ECCPMX Configuration bit is set (80-pin devices only).
2: External memory interface I/O takes priority over all other digital and PSP I/O.
3: Available on 80-pin devices only.
4: Alternate assignment for ECCP2/P2A when the CCP2MX Configuration bit is cleared (all devices in Microcontroller mode).
TABLE 11-12: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTE
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
PORTE
LATE
RE7
RE6
RE5
RE4
LATE4
TRISE4
RG4
RE3
LATE3
TRISE3
RG3
RE2
LATE2
TRISE2
RG2
RE1
LATE1
TRISE1
RG1
RE0
LATE0
TRISE0
RG0
56
56
56
56
LATE7
TRISE7
RDPU
LATE6
TRISE6
REPU
LATE5
TRISE5
RJPU(1)
TRISE
PORTG
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTE.
Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices, read as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 139
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
11.7 PORTF, LATF and TRISF Registers
Note 1: On device Resets, pins, RF<6:1>, are
configured as analog inputs and are read
as ‘0’.
PORTF is a 7-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISF. Setting a
TRISF bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTF pin
an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a
high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISF bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTF pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
Only pin 7 of PORTF has no analog input; it is the only
pin that can tolerate voltages up to 5.5V.
2: To configure PORTF as digital I/O, turn off
comparators and set ADCON1 value.
EXAMPLE 11-6:
INITIALIZING PORTF
CLRF
PORTF
; Initialize PORTF by
; clearing output
; data latches
The Output Latch register (LATF) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATF
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTF.
CLRF
LATF
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
07h
CMCON
0Fh;
;
All pins on PORTF are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
; Turn off comparators
ADCON1 ; Set PORTF as digital I/O
0CEh
PORTF is multiplexed with several analog peripheral
functions, including the A/D Converter and comparator
inputs, as well as the comparator outputs. Pins, RF2
through RF6, may be used as comparator inputs or
outputs by setting the appropriate bits in the CMCON
register. To use RF<6:3> as digital inputs, it is also
necessary to turn off the comparators.
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
; Set RF3:RF1 as inputs
; RF5:RF4 as outputs
; RF7:RF6 as inputs
MOVWF
TRISF
DS39663F-page 140
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-13: PORTF FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
Function
I/O
Description
RF1/AN6/
C2OUT
RF1
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATF<1> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTF<1> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
A/D Input Channel 6. Default configuration on POR.
Comparator 2 output; takes priority over port data.
LATF<2> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTF<2> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
A/D Input Channel 7. Default configuration on POR.
Comparator 1 output; takes priority over port data.
LATF<3> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTF<3> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
AN6
C2OUT
RF2
I
ANA
DIG
DIG
ST
O
O
I
RF2/AN7/
C1OUT
AN7
C1OUT
RF3
I
ANA
TTL
DIG
ST
O
O
I
RF3/AN8
RF4/AN9
AN8
RF4
I
ANA
A/D Input Channel 8 and Comparator C2+ input. Default input
configuration on POR; not affected by analog output.
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATF<4> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTF<4> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
AN9
RF5
I
ANA
A/D Input Channel 9 and Comparator C2- input. Default input
configuration on POR; does not affect digital output.
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
0
1
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATF<5> data output; not affected by analog input. Disabled when
CVREF output enabled.
PORTF<5> data input; disabled when analog input enabled. Disabled
when CVREF output enabled.
AN10
CVREF
RF6
I
ANA
ANA
A/D Input Channel 10 and Comparator C1+ input. Default input
configuration on POR.
O
Comparator voltage reference output. Enabling this feature disables
digital I/O.
RF6/AN11
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATF<6> data output; not affected by analog input.
PORTF<6> data input; disabled when analog input enabled.
AN11
RF7
I
ANA
A/D Input Channel 11 and Comparator C1- input. Default input
configuration on POR; does not affect digital output.
RF7/SS1
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATF<7> data output.
PORTF<7> data input.
SS1
I
TTL
Slave select input for MSSP (MSSP1 module).
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
TABLE 11-14: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTF
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTF
LATF
RF7
LATF7
TRISF7
—
RF6
LATF6
TRISF6
—
RF5
RF4
RF3
LATF3
TRISF3
PCFG3
CIS
RF2
LATF2
TRISF2
PCFG2
CM2
RF1
LATF1
TRISF1
PCFG1
CM1
—
—
56
56
56
54
55
55
LATF5
TRISF5
VCFG1
C2INV
CVRR
LATF4
TRISF4
VCFG0
C1INV
CVRSS
TRISF
—
ADCON1
CMCON
CVRCON
PCFG0
CM0
CVR0
C2OUT
CVREN
C1OUT
CVROE
CVR3
CVR2
CVR1
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTF.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 141
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Although the port is only five bits wide, PORTG<7:5>
bits are still implemented. These are used to control the
weak pull-ups on the I/O ports associated with the
external memory bus (PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ).
Setting these bits enables the pull-ups. Since these are
control bits and are not associated with port I/O, the
corresponding TRISG and LATG bits are not
implemented.
11.8 PORTG, TRISG and
LATG Registers
PORTG is a 5-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISG. Setting a
TRISG bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTG
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISG bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTG pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
All pins on PORTG are digital only and tolerate
voltages up to 5.5V.
EXAMPLE 11-7:
INITIALIZING PORTG
CLRF
PORTG
LATG
04h
; Initialize PORTG by
; clearing output
; data latches
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
The Output Latch register (LATG) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATG
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTG.
CLRF
MOVLW
MOVWF
PORTG is multiplexed with EUSART2 functions
(Table 11-15). PORTG pins have Schmitt Trigger input
buffers.
TRISG
; Set RG1:RG0 as outputs
; RG2 as input
When enabling peripheral functions, care should be
taken in defining TRIS bits for each PORTG pin. Some
peripherals override the TRIS bit to make a pin an
output, while other peripherals override the TRIS bit to
make a pin an input. The user should refer to the
corresponding peripheral section for the correct TRIS
bit settings. The pin override value is not loaded into
the TRIS register. This allows read-modify-write of the
TRIS register without concern due to peripheral
overrides.
; RG4:RG3 as inputs
DS39663F-page 142
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-15: PORTG FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
Function
I/O
Description
RG0/ECCP3/
P3A
RG0
0
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATG<0> data output.
PORTG<0> data input.
ECCP3
P3A
O
I
DIG
ST
CCP3 compare and PWM output; takes priority over port data.
CCP3 capture input.
0
O
DIG
ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel A; takes priority over port and
PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RG1/TX2/CK2
R21
0
1
1
O
I
DIG
ST
LATG<1> data output.
PORTG<1> data input.
TX2
CK2
O
DIG
Synchronous serial data output (EUSART2 module); takes priority over
port data.
1
O
DIG
Synchronous serial data input (EUSART2 module). User must configure
as an input.
1
0
1
1
1
I
O
I
ST
DIG
ST
Synchronous serial clock input (EUSART2 module).
LATG<2> data output.
RG2/RX2/DT2
RG2
PORTG<2> data input.
RX2
DT2
I
ST
Asynchronous serial receive data input (EUSART2 module).
O
DIG
Synchronous serial data output (EUSART2 module); takes priority over
port data.
1
I
ST
Synchronous serial data input (EUSART2 module). User must configure
as an input.
RG3/CCP4/
P3D
RG3
CCP4
P3D
0
1
0
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATG<3> data output.
PORTG<3> data input.
O
I
DIG
ST
CCP4 compare output and CCP4 PWM output; takes priority over port data.
CCP4 capture input.
O
DIG
ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port and
PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
RG4/CCP5/
P1D
RG4
CCP5
P1D
0
1
0
1
0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATG<4> data output.
PORTG<4> data input.
O
I
DIG
ST
CCP5 compare output and CCP5 PWM output; takes priority over port data.
CCP5 capture input.
O
DIG
ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel D; takes priority over port and
PSP data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM
shutdown events.
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
TABLE 11-16: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTG
Reset
Values on
page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTG
RDPU
—
REPU
—
RJPU(1)
RG4
RG3
RG2
RG1
RG0
56
56
56
LATG
—
—
LATG4
LATG3
LATG2
LATG1
LATG0
TRISG
—
—
TRISG4 TRISG3 TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PORTG.
Note 1: Unimplemented on 64-pin devices, read as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 143
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
When the external memory interface is enabled, four of
the PORTH pins function as the high-order address
lines for the interface. The address output from the
interface takes priority over other digital I/O. The
corresponding TRISH bits are also overridden.
11.9 PORTH, LATH and
TRISH Registers
Note: PORTH is available only on 80-pin
devices.
PORTH pins, RH4 through RH7, are multiplexed with
analog converter inputs. The operation of these pins as
analog inputs is selected by clearing or setting the
PCFG<3:0> control bits in the ADCON1 register.
PORTH is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional I/O port. The cor-
responding Data Direction register is TRISH. Setting a
TRISH bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTH
pin an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in
a high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISH bit (= 0)
will make the corresponding PORTH pin an output (i.e.,
put the contents of the output latch on the selected pin).
PORTH<3:0> pins are digital only and tolerate voltages
up to 5.5V.
PORTH can also be configured as the alternate
Enhanced PWM output Channels B and C for the
ECCP1 and ECCP3 modules. This is done by clearing
the ECCPMX Configuration bit.
EXAMPLE 11-8:
INITIALIZING PORTH
The Output Latch register (LATH) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATH
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTH.
CLRF
PORTH
; Initialize PORTH by
; clearing output
; data latches
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
; Configure PORTH as
; digital I/O
; Value used to
CLRF
LATH
All pins on PORTH are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
MOVLW
MOVWF
MOVLW
0Fh
ADCON1
0CFh
; initialize data
; direction
MOVWF
TRISH
; Set RH3:RH0 as inputs
; RH5:RH4 as outputs
; RH7:RH6 as inputs
DS39663F-page 144
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-17: PORTH FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
RH0/A16
Function
I/O
Description
RH0
0
1
x
0
1
x
0
1
x
0
1
x
0
1
O
I
DIG LATH<0> data output.
ST PORTH<0> data input.
A16
O
O
I
DIG External memory interface, address line 16. Takes priority over port data.
DIG LATH<1> data output.
RH1/A17
RH1
ST
PORTH<1> data input.
A17
O
O
I
DIG External memory interface, address line 17. Takes priority over port data.
DIG LATH<2> data output.
RH2/A18
RH2
ST
PORTH<2> data input.
A18
O
O
I
DIG External memory interface, address line 18. Takes priority over port data.
DIG LATH<3> data output.
RH3/A19
RH3
ST
PORTH<3> data input.
A19
O
O
I
DIG External memory interface, address line 19. Takes priority over port data.
DIG LATH<4> data output.
RH4/AN12/P3C
RH4
ST
PORTH<4> data input.
AN12
I
ANA A/D input channel 12. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
(1)
P3C
0
O
DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RH5/AN13/P3B
RH6/AN14/P1C
RH7/AN15/P1B
RH5
0
1
O
I
DIG LATH<5> data output.
ST
PORTH<5> data input.
AN13
I
ANA A/D input channel 13. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
(1)
P3B
0
O
DIG ECCP3 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RH6
0
1
O
I
DIG LATH<6> data output.
ST
PORTH<6> data input.
AN14
I
ANA A/D input channel 14. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
(1)
P1C
0
O
DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel C; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
RH7
0
1
O
I
DIG LATH<7> data output.
ST
PORTH<7> data input.
AN15
I
ANA A/D input channel 15. Default input configuration on POR; does not affect
digital output.
(1)
P1B
0
O
DIG ECCP1 Enhanced PWM output, Channel B; takes priority over port and PSP
data. May be configured for tri-state during Enhanced PWM shutdown events.
Legend:
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
Note 1: Alternate assignments for P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C when the ECCPMX Configuration bit is cleared. Default assignments
are PORTE<6:3>.
TABLE 11-18: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTH
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
PORTH
LATH
RH7
RH6
RH5
RH4
RH3
RH2
RH1
RH0
56
56
56
LATH7
TRISH7
LATH6
TRISH6
LATH5
TRISH5
LATH4
TRISH4
LATH3
TRISH3
LATH2
LATH1
LATH0
TRISH
TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 145
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
When the external memory interface is enabled, all of
the PORTJ pins function as control outputs for the
interface. This occurs automatically when the interface
is enabled by clearing the EBDIS control bit
(MEMCON<7>). The TRISJ bits are also overridden.
11.10 PORTJ, TRISJ and
LATJ Registers
Note: PORTJ is available only on 80-pin devices.
PORTJ is an 8-bit wide, bidirectional port. The corre-
sponding Data Direction register is TRISJ. Setting a
TRISJ bit (= 1) will make the corresponding PORTJ pin
an input (i.e., put the corresponding output driver in a
high-impedance mode). Clearing a TRISJ bit (= 0) will
make the corresponding PORTJ pin an output (i.e., put
the contents of the output latch on the selected pin). All
pins on PORTJ are digital only and tolerate voltages up
to 5.5V.
Each of the PORTJ pins has a weak internal pull-up.
The pull-ups are provided to keep the inputs at a known
state for the external memory interface while powering
up. A single control bit can turn off all the pull-ups. This
is performed by clearing bit, RJPU (PORTG<5>). The
weak pull-up is automatically turned off when the port
pin is configured as an output. The pull-ups are
disabled on any device Reset.
The Output Latch register (LATJ) is also memory
mapped. Read-modify-write operations on the LATJ
register read and write the latched output value for
PORTJ.
EXAMPLE 11-9:
INITIALIZING PORTJ
CLRF
PORTJ
; Initialize PORTG by
; clearing output
; data latches
All pins on PORTJ are implemented with Schmitt
Trigger input buffers. Each pin is individually
configurable as an input or output.
CLRF
LATJ
; Alternate method
; to clear output
; data latches
; Value used to
; initialize data
; direction
; Set RJ3:RJ0 as inputs
; RJ5:RJ4 as output
; RJ7:RJ6 as inputs
MOVLW
MOVWF
0CFh
Note:
These pins are configured as digital inputs
on any device Reset.
TRISJ
DS39663F-page 146
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 11-19: PORTJ FUNCTIONS
TRIS
Setting
I/O
Type
Pin Name
RJ0/ALE
Function
I/O
Description
RJ0
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<0> data output.
0
1
x
PORTJ<0> data input.
ALE
RJ1
O
DIG
External memory interface address latch enable control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
RJ1/OE
RJ2/WRL
RJ3/WRH
RJ4/BA0
RJ5/CE
RJ6/LB
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<1> data output.
PORTJ<1> data input.
OE
O
DIG
External memory interface output enable control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
RJ2
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<2> data output.
PORTJ<2> data input.
WRL
RJ3
O
DIG
External memory bus write low byte control; takes priority over
digital I/O.
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<3> data output.
PORTJ<3> data input.
WRH
RJ4
O
DIG
External memory interface write high byte control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<4> data output.
PORTJ<4> data input.
BA0
RJ5
O
DIG
External memory interface byte address 0 control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<5> data output.
PORTJ<5> data input.
CE
O
DIG
External memory interface chip enable control output; takes priority
over digital I/O.
RJ6
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<6> data output.
PORTJ<6> data input.
LB
O
DIG
External memory interface lower byte enable control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
RJ7/UB
Legend:
RJ7
0
1
x
O
I
DIG
ST
LATJ<7> data output.
PORTJ<7> data input.
UB
O
DIG
External memory interface upper byte enable control output; takes
priority over digital I/O.
PWR = Power Supply, O = Output, I = Input, ANA = Analog Signal, DIG = Digital Output, ST = Schmitt Buffer Input,
TTL = TTL Buffer Input, x= Don’t care (TRIS bit does not affect port direction or is overridden for this option).
TABLE 11-20: SUMMARY OF REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PORTJ
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTJ
RJ7
RJ6
RJ5
RJ4
LATJ4
TRISJ4
RG4
RJ3
LATJ3
TRISJ3
RG3
RJ2
LATJ2
TRISJ2
RG2
RJ1
LATJ1
TRISJ1
RG1
RJ0
LATJ0
TRISJ0
RG0
56
56
56
56
LATJ
LATJ7
LATJ6
LATJ5
TRISJ5
RJPU
TRISJ
PORTG
TRISJ7 TRISJ6
RDPU REPU
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by PORTJ.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 147
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 11-2:
PORTD AND PORTE
BLOCK DIAGRAM
(PARALLELSLAVEPORT)
11.11 Parallel Slave Port
PORTD can also function as an 8-bit wide Parallel
Slave Port, or microprocessor port, when control bit,
PSPMODE (PSPCON<4>), is set. It is asynchronously
readable and writable by the external world through RD
control input pin (RE0/RD) and WR control input pin
(RE1/WR).
Data Bus
D
Q
RDx
Pin
WR LATD
or
PORTD
CK
Data Latch
Note: For 80-pin devices, the Parallel Slave Port
TTL
is available only in Microcontroller mode.
Q
D
The PSP can directly interface to an 8-bit micro-
processor data bus. The external microprocessor can
read or write the PORTD latch as an 8-bit latch. Setting
the PSPMODE bit enables port pin, RE0/RD, to be the
RD input, RE1/WR to be the WR input and RE2/CS to
be the CS (Chip Select) input. For this functionality, the
corresponding data direction bits of the TRISE register
(TRISE<2:0>) must be configured as inputs (set).
RD PORTD
EN
TRIS Latch
RD LATD
A write to the PSP occurs when both the CS and WR
lines are first detected low and ends when either are
detected high. The PSPIF and IBF flag bits are both set
when the write ends.
One bit of PORTD
Set Interrupt Flag
PSPIF (PIR1<7>)
A read from the PSP occurs when both the CS and RD
lines are first detected low. The data in PORTD is read
out and the OBF bit is set. If the user writes new data
to PORTD to set OBF, the data is immediately read out;
however, the OBF bit is not set.
Read
When either the CS or RD lines are detected high, the
PORTD pins return to the input state and the PSPIF bit
is set. User applications should wait for PSPIF to be set
before servicing the PSP. When this happens, the IBF
and OBF bits can be polled and the appropriate action
taken.
RD
CS
TTL
Chip Select
TTL
Write
WR
TTL
The timing for the control signals in Write and Read
modes is shown in Figure 11-3 and Figure 11-4,
respectively.
Note: I/O pin has protection diodes to VDD and VSS.
DS39663F-page 148
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 11-1: PSPCON: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT CONTROL REGISTER
R-0
IBF
R-0
R/W-0
IBOV
R/W-0
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
OBF
PSPMODE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
IBF: Input Buffer Full Status bit
1= A word has been received and is waiting to be read by the CPU
0= No word has been received
OBF: Output Buffer Full Status bit
1= The output buffer still holds a previously written word
0= The output buffer has been read
IBOV: Input Buffer Overflow Detect bit
1= A write occurred when a previously input word had not been read
(must be cleared in software)
0= No overflow occurred
bit 4
PSPMODE: Parallel Slave Port Mode Select bit
1= Parallel Slave Port mode
0= General Purpose I/O mode
bit 3-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
FIGURE 11-3:
PARALLEL SLAVE PORT WRITE WAVEFORMS
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
CS
WR
RD
PORTD<7:0>
IBF
OBF
PSPIF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 149
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 11-4:
PARALLEL SLAVE PORT READ WAVEFORMS
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
CS
WR
RD
PORTD<7:0>
IBF
OBF
PSPIF
TABLE 11-21: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PARALLEL SLAVE PORT
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
PORTD
LATD
RD7
LATD7
TRISD7
RE7
RD6
LATD6
TRISD6
RE6
RD5
LATD5
TRISD5
RE5
RD4
LATD4
TRISD4
RE4
RD3
RD2
RD1
RD0
56
56
56
56
56
56
55
53
55
55
55
LATD3
LATD2
LATD1
LATD0
TRISD
PORTE
LATE
TRISD3 TRISD2
TRISD1 TRISD0
RE3
LATE3
TRISE3
—
RE2
LATE2
TRISE2
—
RE1
LATE1
TRISE1
—
RE0
LATE0
TRISE0
—
LATE7
TRISE7
IBF
LATE6
TRISE6
OBF
LATE5
TRISE5
IBOV
LATE4
TRISE4
PSPMODE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TRISE
PSPCON
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
RBIF
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
ADIF
ADIE
ADIP
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
PIE1
TX1IE
IPR1
TX1IP
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Parallel Slave Port.
DS39663F-page 150
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The T0CON register (Register 12-1) controls all
aspects of the module’s operation, including the
prescale selection. It is both readable and writable.
12.0 TIMER0 MODULE
The Timer0 module incorporates the following features:
• Software-selectable operation as a timer or counter
in both 8-bit or 16-bit modes
A simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 8-bit
mode is shown in Figure 12-1. Figure 12-2 shows a
simplified block diagram of the Timer0 module in 16-bit
mode.
• Readable and writable registers
• Dedicated 8-bit, software programmable
prescaler
• Selectable clock source (internal or external)
• Edge select for external clock
• Interrupt-on-overflow
REGISTER 12-1: T0CON: TIMER0 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-1
R/W-1
R/W-1
T0CS
R/W-1
T0SE
R/W-1
PSA
R/W-1
T0PS2
R/W-1
T0PS1
R/W-1
T0PS0
TMR0ON
T08BIT
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2-0
TMR0ON: Timer0 On/Off Control bit
1= Enables Timer0
0= Stops Timer0
T08BIT: Timer0 8-Bit/16-Bit Control bit
1= Timer0 is configured as an 8-bit timer/counter
0= Timer0 is configured as a 16-bit timer/counter
T0CS: Timer0 Clock Source Select bit
1= Transition on T0CKI pin
0= Internal instruction cycle clock (CLKO)
T0SE: Timer0 Source Edge Select bit
1= Increment on high-to-low transition on T0CKI pin
0= Increment on low-to-high transition on T0CKI pin
PSA: Timer0 Prescaler Assignment bit
1= TImer0 prescaler is NOT assigned. Timer0 clock input bypasses prescaler.
0= Timer0 prescaler is assigned. Timer0 clock input comes from prescaler output.
T0PS<2:0>: Timer0 Prescaler Select bits
111= 1:256 Prescale value
110= 1:128 Prescale value
101= 1:64 Prescale value
100= 1:32 Prescale value
011= 1:16 Prescale value
010= 1:8 Prescale value
001= 1:4 Prescale value
000= 1:2 Prescale value
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 151
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
internal phase clock (TOSC). There is a delay between
synchronization and the onset of incrementing the
timer/counter.
12.1 Timer0 Operation
Timer0 can operate as either a timer or a counter. The
mode is selected with the T0CS bit (T0CON<5>). In
Timer mode (T0CS = 0), the module increments on
every clock by default unless a different prescaler value
is selected (see Section 12.3 “Prescaler”). If the
TMR0 register is written to, the increment is inhibited
for the following two instruction cycles. The user can
work around this by writing an adjusted value to the
TMR0 register.
12.2 Timer0 Reads and Writes in
16-Bit Mode
TMR0H is not the actual high byte of Timer0 in 16-bit
mode. It is actually a buffered version of the real high
byte of Timer0 which is not directly readable nor writ-
able (refer to Figure 12-2). TMR0H is updated with the
contents of the high byte of Timer0 during a read of
TMR0L. This provides the ability to read all 16 bits of
Timer0 without having to verify that the read of the high
and low byte were valid, due to a rollover between
successive reads of the high and low byte.
The Counter mode is selected by setting the T0CS bit
(= 1). In this mode, Timer0 increments either on every
rising or falling edge of pin RA4/T0CKI. The increment-
ing edge is determined by the Timer0 Source Edge
Select bit, T0SE (T0CON<4>); clearing this bit selects
the rising edge. Restrictions on the external clock input
are discussed below.
Similarly, a write to the high byte of Timer0 must also
take place through the TMR0H Buffer register. The high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR0H when a
write occurs to TMR0L. This allows all 16 bits of Timer0
to be updated at once.
An external clock source can be used to drive Timer0;
however, it must meet certain requirements to ensure
that the external clock can be synchronized with the
FIGURE 12-1:
TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (8-BIT MODE)
FOSC/4
0
1
1
0
Set
TMR0IF
on Overflow
Sync with
Internal
Clocks
TMR0L
8
Programmable
Prescaler
T0CKI Pin
(2 TCY Delay)
T0SE
T0CS
3
T0PS<2:0>
PSA
8
Internal Data Bus
Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale.
FIGURE 12-2:
TIMER0 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT MODE)
FOSC/4
0
1
Sync with
Internal
Clocks
Set
TMR0
High Byte
1
TMR0L
TMR0IF
Programmable
Prescaler
on Overflow
T0CKI Pin
0
8
(2 TCY Delay)
T0SE
3
T0CS
Read TMR0L
Write TMR0L
T0PS<2:0>
PSA
8
8
TMR0H
8
8
Internal Data Bus
Note: Upon Reset, Timer0 is enabled in 8-bit mode with clock input from T0CKI max. prescale.
DS39663F-page 152
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
12.3.1
SWITCHING PRESCALER
ASSIGNMENT
12.3 Prescaler
An 8-bit counter is available as a prescaler for the Timer0
module. The prescaler is not directly readable or writable.
Its value is set by the PSA and T0PS<2:0> bits
(T0CON<3:0>) which determine the prescaler
assignment and prescale ratio.
The prescaler assignment is fully under software
control and can be changed “on-the-fly” during program
execution.
12.4 Timer0 Interrupt
Clearing the PSA bit assigns the prescaler to the
Timer0 module. When it is assigned, prescale values
from 1:2 through 1:256 in power-of-2 increments are
selectable.
The TMR0 interrupt is generated when the TMR0
register overflows from FFh to 00h in 8-bit mode, or
from FFFFh to 0000h in 16-bit mode. This overflow sets
the TMR0IF flag bit. The interrupt can be masked by
clearing the TMR0IE bit (INTCON<5>). Before
re-enabling the interrupt, the TMR0IF bit must be
cleared in software by the Interrupt Service Routine.
When assigned to the Timer0 module, all instructions
writing to the TMR0 register (e.g., CLRF TMR0, MOVWF
TMR0, BSF TMR0, etc.) clear the prescaler count.
Note:
Writing to TMR0 when the prescaler is
assigned to Timer0 will clear the prescaler
count but will not change the prescaler
assignment.
Since Timer0 is shut down in Sleep mode, the TMR0
interrupt cannot awaken the processor from Sleep.
TABLE 12-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER0
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
TMR0L
Timer0 Register Low Byte
Timer0 Register High Byte
54
54
53
54
56
TMR0H
INTCON
T0CON
TRISA
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
T0SE
RBIE
PSA
TMR0IF
T0PS2
INT0IF
T0PS1
TRISA1
RBIF
T0PS0
TRISA0
TMR0ON
—
T08BIT
—
T0CS
TRISA5
TRISA4
TRISA3
TRISA2
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by Timer0.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 153
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 154
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
A simplified block diagram of the Timer1 module is
shown in Figure 13-1. A block diagram of the module’s
operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 13-2.
13.0 TIMER1 MODULE
The Timer1 timer/counter module incorporates these
features:
The module incorporates its own low-power oscillator
to provide an additional clocking option. The Timer1
oscillator can also be used as a low-power clock source
for the microcontroller in power-managed operation.
• Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or
counter
• Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR1H
and TMR1L)
Timer1 can also be used to provide Real-Time Clock
(RTC) functionality to applications with only a minimal
addition of external components and code overhead.
• Selectable clock source (internal or external) with
device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options
• Interrupt-on-overflow
Timer1 is controlled through the T1CON Control
register (Register 13-1). It also contains the Timer1
Oscillator Enable bit (T1OSCEN). Timer1 can be
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing control bit,
TMR1ON (T1CON<0>).
• Reset on CCP Special Event Trigger
• Device clock status flag (T1RUN)
REGISTER 13-1: T1CON: TIMER1 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
RD16
R-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
T1RUN
T1CKPS1
T1CKPS0
T1OSCEN
T1SYNC
TMR1CS
TMR1ON
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
RD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit
1= Enables register read/write of Timer1 in one 16-bit operation
0= Enables register read/write of Timer1 in two 8-bit operations
bit 6
T1RUN: Timer1 System Clock Status bit
1= Device clock is derived from Timer1 oscillator
0= Device clock is derived from another source
bit 5-4
T1CKPS<1:0>: Timer1 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11= 1:8 Prescale value
10= 1:4 Prescale value
01= 1:2 Prescale value
00= 1:1 Prescale value
bit 3
bit 2
T1OSCEN: Timer1 Oscillator Enable bit
1= Timer1 oscillator is enabled
0= Timer1 oscillator is shut off
The oscillator inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
T1SYNC: Timer1 External Clock Input Synchronization Select bit
When TMR1CS = 1:
1= Do not synchronize external clock input
0= Synchronize external clock input
When TMR1CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer1 uses the internal clock when TMR1CS = 0.
bit 1
bit 0
TMR1CS: Timer1 Clock Source Select bit
1= External clock from the RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pin (on the rising edge)
0= Internal clock (FOSC/4)
TMR1ON: Timer1 On bit
1= Enables Timer1
0= Stops Timer1
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 155
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer1 increments
on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input
or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled.
13.1
Timer1 Operation
Timer1 can operate in one of these modes:
• Timer
When Timer1 is enabled, the RC1/T1OSI and
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins become inputs. This means
the values of TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are
read as ‘0’.
• Synchronous Counter
• Asynchronous Counter
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
bit, TMR1CS (T1CON<1>). When TMR1CS is cleared
(= 0), Timer1 increments on every internal instruction
FIGURE 13-1:
TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Timer1 Oscillator
Timer1 Clock Input
1
0
On/Off
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
1
Synchronize
Detect
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
0
2
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
T1CKPS<1:0>
T1SYNC
Timer1
On/Off
TMR1CS
TMR1ON
Set
TMR1
High Byte
Clear TMR1
(CCP Special Event Trigger)
TMR1L
TMR1IF
on Overflow
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
FIGURE 13-2:
TIMER1 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE)
Timer1 Oscillator
Timer1 Clock Input
1
0
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
1
0
Synchronize
Detect
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
2
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
T1CKPS<1:0>
T1SYNC
Timer1
On/Off
TMR1CS
TMR1ON
Set
TMR1IF
on Overflow
TMR1
High Byte
Clear TMR1
(CCP Special Event Trigger)
TMR1L
8
Read TMR1L
Write TMR1L
8
8
TMR1H
8
8
Internal Data Bus
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
DS39663F-page 156
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 13-1: CAPACITOR SELECTION FOR
THETIMEROSCILLATOR(2,3,4)
13.2 Timer1 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
Timer1 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes
(see Figure 13-2). When the RD16 control bit
(T1CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR1H is mapped
to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer1. A read
from TMR1L will load the contents of the high byte of
Timer1 into the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register. This
provides the user with the ability to accurately read all
16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether
a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low
byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between
reads.
Oscillator
Freq.
C1
C2
Type
LP
32 kHz
27 pF(1)
27 pF(1)
Note 1: Microchip suggests these values as a
starting point in validating the oscillator
circuit.
2: Higher capacitance increases the stability
of the oscillator but also increases the
start-up time.
A write to the high byte of Timer1 must also take place
through the TMR1H Buffer register. The Timer1 high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR1H when a
write occurs to TMR1L. This allows a user to write all
16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer1 at once.
3: Since each resonator/crystal has its own
characteristics, the user should consult
the resonator/crystal manufacturer for
appropriate
values
of
external
components.
The high byte of Timer1 is not directly readable or
writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take
place through the Timer1 High Byte Buffer register.
Writes to TMR1H do not clear the Timer1 prescaler.
The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR1L.
4: Capacitor values are for design guidance
only.
13.3.1
USING TIMER1 AS A
CLOCK SOURCE
The Timer1 oscillator is also available as a clock source
in power-managed modes. By setting the clock select
bits, SCS<1:0> (OSCCON<1:0>), to ‘01’, the device
switches to SEC_RUN mode; both the CPU and
peripherals are clocked from the Timer1 oscillator. If the
IDLEN bit (OSCCON<7>) is cleared and a SLEEP
instruction is executed, the device enters SEC_IDLE
mode. Additional details are available in Section 4.0
“Power-Managed Modes”.
13.3 Timer1 Oscillator
An on-chip crystal oscillator circuit is incorporated
between pins T1OSI (input) and T1OSO (amplifier
output). It is enabled by setting the Timer1 Oscillator
Enable bit, T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>). The oscillator is a
low-power circuit rated for 32 kHz crystals. It will
continue to run during all power-managed modes. The
circuit for a typical LP oscillator is shown in Figure 13-3.
Table 13-1 shows the capacitor selection for the Timer1
oscillator.
Whenever the Timer1 oscillator is providing the clock
source, the Timer1 System Clock Status Flag, T1RUN
(T1CON<6>), is set. This can be used to determine the
controller’s current clocking mode. It can also indicate
the clock source being currently used by the Fail-Safe
Clock Monitor. If the Clock Monitor is enabled and the
Timer1 oscillator fails while providing the clock, polling
the T1RUN bit will indicate whether the clock is being
provided by the Timer1 oscillator or another source.
The user must provide a software time delay to ensure
proper start-up of the Timer1 oscillator.
FIGURE 13-3:
EXTERNAL
COMPONENTS FOR THE
TIMER1 LP OSCILLATOR
C1
27 pF
PIC18F87J10
13.3.2
LOW-POWER TIMER1 OPTION
T1OSI
The Timer1 oscillator can operate at two distinct levels
of power consumption based on device configuration.
When the LPT1OSC Configuration bit is set, the Timer1
oscillator operates in a low-power mode. When
LPT1OSC is not set, Timer1 operates at a higher power
level. Power consumption for a particular mode is rela-
tively constant regardless of the device’s operating
mode. The default Timer1 configuration is the higher
power mode.
XTAL
32.768 kHz
T1OSO
C2
27 pF
Note:
See the Notes with Table 13-1 for additional
information about capacitor selection.
As the low-power Timer1 mode tends to be more
sensitive to interference, high noise environments may
cause some oscillator instability. The low-power option is,
therefore, best suited for low noise applications where
power conservation is an important design consideration.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 157
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
13.3.3
TIMER1 OSCILLATOR LAYOUT
CONSIDERATIONS
13.5 Resetting Timer1 Using the ECCP
Special Event Trigger
The Timer1 oscillator circuit draws very little power
during operation. Due to the low-power nature of the
oscillator, it may also be sensitive to rapidly changing
signals in close proximity.
If ECCP1 or ECCP2 is configured to use Timer1 and to
generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer3.
The trigger from ECCP2 will also start an A/D conver-
sion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 18.2.1
“Special Event Trigger” for more information).
The oscillator circuit, shown in Figure 13-3, should be
located as close as possible to the microcontroller.
There should be no circuits passing within the oscillator
circuit boundaries other than VSS or VDD.
The module must be configured as either a timer or a
synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature.
When used this way, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register
pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer1.
If a high-speed circuit must be located near the oscilla-
tor (such as the ECCP1 pin in Output Compare or PWM
mode, or the primary oscillator using the OSC2 pin), a
grounded guard ring around the oscillator circuit, as
shown in Figure 13-4, may be helpful when used on a
single-sided PCB or in addition to a ground plane.
If Timer1 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
this Reset operation may not work.
In the event that a write to Timer1 coincides with a
Special Event Trigger, the write operation will take
precedence.
FIGURE 13-4:
OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
WITH GROUNDED
GUARD RING
Note:
The Special Event Triggers from the
ECCPx module will not set the TMR1IF
interrupt flag bit (PIR1<0>).
VDD
VSS
13.6 Using Timer1 as a Real-Time Clock
Adding an external LP oscillator to Timer1 (such as the
one described in Section 13.3 “Timer1 Oscillator”
above) gives users the option to include RTC function-
ality to their applications. This is accomplished with an
inexpensive watch crystal to provide an accurate time
base and several lines of application code to calculate
the time. When operating in Sleep mode and using a
battery or supercapacitor as a power source, it can
completely eliminate the need for a separate RTC
device and battery backup.
OSC1
OSC2
RC0
RC1
RC2
The application code routine, RTCisr, shown in
Example 13-1, demonstrates a simple method to
increment a counter at one-second intervals using an
Interrupt Service Routine. Incrementing the TMR1
register pair to overflow triggers the interrupt and calls
the routine which increments the seconds counter by
one. Additional counters for minutes and hours are
incremented as the previous counter overflows.
Note: Not drawn to scale.
13.4 Timer1 Interrupt
The TMR1 register pair (TMR1H:TMR1L) increments
from 0000h to FFFFh and rolls over to 0000h. The
Timer1 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow
which is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR1IF
(PIR1<0>). This interrupt can be enabled or disabled
by setting or clearing the Timer1 Interrupt Enable bit,
TMR1IE (PIE1<0>).
Since the register pair is 16 bits wide, counting up to
overflow the register directly from a 32.768 kHz clock
would take 2 seconds. To force the overflow at the
required one-second intervals, it is necessary to pre-
load it. The simplest method is to set the MSb of
TMR1H with a BSF instruction. Note that the TMR1L
register is never preloaded or altered; doing so may
introduce cumulative error over many cycles.
For this method to be accurate, Timer1 must operate in
Asynchronous mode and the Timer1 overflow interrupt
must be enabled (PIE1<0> = 1) as shown in the
routine, RTCinit. The Timer1 oscillator must also be
enabled and running at all times.
DS39663F-page 158
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
EXAMPLE 13-1:
IMPLEMENTING A REAL-TIME CLOCK USING A TIMER1 INTERRUPT SERVICE
RTCinit
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
80h
TMR1H
TMR1L
; Preload TMR1 register pair
; for 1 second overflow
MOVLW
MOVWF
CLRF
b’00001111’
T1CON
secs
; Configure for external clock,
; Asynchronous operation, external oscillator
; Initialize timekeeping registers
;
CLRF
mins
MOVLW
MOVWF
BSF
.12
hours
PIE1, TMR1IE
; Enable Timer1 interrupt
RETURN
RTCisr
BSF
BCF
INCF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
RETURN
CLRF
TMR1H, 7
PIR1, TMR1IF
secs, F
.59
; Preload for 1 sec overflow
; Clear interrupt flag
; Increment seconds
; 60 seconds elapsed?
secs
; No, done
secs
mins, F
.59
; Clear seconds
; Increment minutes
; 60 minutes elapsed?
INCF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
RETURN
CLRF
mins
; No, done
mins
hours, F
.23
; clear minutes
; Increment hours
; 24 hours elapsed?
INCF
MOVLW
CPFSGT
RETURN
CLRF
hours
; No, done
; Reset hours
; Done
hours
RETURN
TABLE 13-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER1 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CCP1IP
INT0IF
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR2IP
RBIF
53
55
55
55
54
54
54
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
ADIF
ADIE
ADIP
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
TMR1IP
PIE1
IPR1
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
Timer1 Register Low Byte
Timer1 Register High Byte
RD16
T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the Timer1 module.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 159
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 160
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
14.1 Timer2 Operation
14.0 TIMER2 MODULE
In normal operation, TMR2 is incremented from 00h on
each clock (FOSC/4). A 4-bit counter/prescaler on the
clock input gives direct input, divide-by-4 and
divide-by-16 prescale options. These are selected by
The Timer2 module incorporates the following features:
• 8-Bit Timer and Period registers (TMR2 and PR2,
respectively)
• Readable and writable (both registers)
the
prescaler
control
bits,
T2CKPS<1:0>
• Software programmable prescaler
(1:1, 1:4 and 1:16)
(T2CON<1:0>). The value of TMR2 is compared to that
of the Period register, PR2, on each clock cycle. When
the two values match, the comparator generates a
match signal as the timer output. This signal also resets
the value of TMR2 to 00h on the next cycle and drives
the output counter/postscaler (see Section 14.2
“Timer2 Interrupt”).
• Software programmable postscaler
(1:1 through 1:16)
• Interrupt on TMR2 to PR2 match
• Optional use as the shift clock for the
MSSP module
The TMR2 and PR2 registers are both directly readable
and writable. The TMR2 register is cleared on any
device Reset, while the PR2 register initializes at FFh.
Both the prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
on the following events:
The module is controlled through the T2CON register
(Register 14-1) which enables or disables the timer and
configures the prescaler and postscaler. Timer2 can be
shut off by clearing control bit, TMR2ON (T2CON<2>),
to minimize power consumption.
• a write to the TMR2 register
• a write to the T2CON register
A simplified block diagram of the module is shown in
Figure 14-1.
• any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,
Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset)
TMR2 is not cleared when T2CON is written.
REGISTER 14-1: T2CON: TIMER2 CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0
TMR2ON
T2CKPS1
T2CKPS0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-3
T2OUTPS<3:0>: Timer2 Output Postscale Select bits
0000= 1:1 Postscale
0001= 1:2 Postscale
•
•
•
1111= 1:16 Postscale
bit 2
TMR2ON: Timer2 On bit
1= Timer2 is on
0= Timer2 is off
bit 1-0
T2CKPS<1:0>: Timer2 Clock Prescale Select bits
00= Prescaler is 1
01= Prescaler is 4
1x= Prescaler is 16
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 161
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
14.2 Timer2 Interrupt
14.3 Timer2 Output
Timer2 can also generate an optional device interrupt.
The Timer2 output signal (TMR2 to PR2 match) pro-
vides the input for the 4-bit output counter/postscaler.
This counter generates the TMR2 match interrupt flag
which is latched in TMR2IF (PIR1<1>). The interrupt is
enabled by setting the TMR2 Match Interrupt Enable
bit, TMR2IE (PIE1<1>).
The unscaled output of TMR2 is available primarily to
the CCP modules, where it is used as a time base for
operations in PWM mode.
Timer2 can be optionally used as the shift clock source
for the MSSP module operating in SPI mode.
Additional information is provided in Section 19.0
“Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) Module”.
A range of 16 postscale options (from 1:1 through 1:16
inclusive) can be selected with the postscaler control
bits, T2OUTPS<3:0> (T2CON<6:3>).
FIGURE 14-1:
TIMER2 BLOCK DIAGRAM
4
1:1 to 1:16
T2OUTPS<3:0>
T2CKPS<1:0>
Set TMR2IF
Postscaler
2
TMR2 Output
(to PWM or MSSP)
TMR2/PR2
Match
Reset
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
Prescaler
Comparator
PR2
FOSC/4
TMR2
8
8
8
Internal Data Bus
TABLE 14-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER2 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CCP1IP
INT0IF
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR2IP
RBIF
53
55
55
55
54
54
54
PIR1
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
ADIF
ADIE
ADIP
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
TMR1IP
PIE1
IPR1
TMR2
T2CON
PR2
Timer2 Register
T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
Timer2 Period Register
—
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer2 module.
DS39663F-page 162
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
A simplified block diagram of the Timer3 module is
shown in Figure 15-1. A block diagram of the module’s
operation in Read/Write mode is shown in Figure 15-2.
15.0 TIMER3 MODULE
The Timer3 timer/counter module incorporates these
features:
The Timer3 module is controlled through the T3CON
register (Register 15-1). It also selects the clock source
options for the CCP and ECCP modules; see
• Software selectable operation as a 16-bit timer or
counter
• Readable and writable 8-bit registers (TMR3H
and TMR3L)
Section 17.1.1
Resources” for more information.
“CCP
Modules
and
Timer
• Selectable clock source (internal or external) with
device clock or Timer1 oscillator internal options
• Interrupt-on-overflow
• Module Reset on CCP Special Event Trigger
REGISTER 15-1: T3CON: TIMER3 CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
RD16
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
TMR3ON
bit 0
T3CCP2
T3CKPS1
T3CKPS0
T3CCP1
T3SYNC
TMR3CS
bit 7
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
RD16: 16-Bit Read/Write Mode Enable bit
1= Enables register read/write of Timer3 in one 16-bit operation
0= Enables register read/write of Timer3 in two 8-bit operations
bit 6,3
T3CCP<2:1>: Timer3 and Timer1 to CCPx Enable bits
11= Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for all CCP/ECCP modules
10= Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5;
Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for ECCP1 and ECCP2
01= Timer3 and Timer4 are the clock sources for ECCP2, ECCP3, CCP4 and CCP5;
Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for ECCP1
00= Timer1 and Timer2 are the clock sources for all CCP/ECCP modules
bit 5-4
bit 2
T3CKPS<1:0>: Timer3 Input Clock Prescale Select bits
11= 1:8 Prescale value
10= 1:4 Prescale value
01= 1:2 Prescale value
00= 1:1 Prescale value
T3SYNC: Timer3 External Clock Input Synchronization Control bit
(Not usable if the device clock comes from Timer1/Timer3.)
When TMR3CS = 1:
1= Do not synchronize external clock input
0= Synchronize external clock input
When TMR3CS = 0:
This bit is ignored. Timer3 uses the internal clock when TMR3CS = 0.
bit 1
bit 0
TMR3CS: Timer3 Clock Source Select bit
1= External clock input from Timer1 oscillator or T13CKI (on the rising edge after the first falling edge)
0= Internal clock (FOSC/4)
TMR3ON: Timer3 On bit
1= Enables Timer3
0= Stops Timer3
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 163
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The operating mode is determined by the clock select
bit, TMR3CS (T3CON<1>). When TMR3CS is cleared
(= 0), Timer3 increments on every internal instruction
cycle (FOSC/4). When the bit is set, Timer3 increments
on every rising edge of the Timer1 external clock input
or the Timer1 oscillator, if enabled.
15.1 Timer3 Operation
Timer3 can operate in one of three modes:
• Timer
• Synchronous Counter
• Asynchronous Counter
As
with
Timer1,
the
RC1/T1OSI
and
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI pins become inputs when the
Timer1 oscillator is enabled. This means the values of
TRISC<1:0> are ignored and the pins are read as ‘0’.
FIGURE 15-1:
TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM
Timer1 Oscillator
Timer1 Clock Input
1
0
1
0
T1OSO/T13CKI
T1OSI
Synchronize
Detect
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
2
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
TMR3CS
Timer3
On/Off
T3CKPS<1:0>
T3SYNC
TMR3ON
CCPx Special Event Trigger
Clear TMR3
Set
TMR3
High Byte
TMR3L
TMR3IF
CCPx Select from T3CON<6,3>
on Overflow
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
FIGURE 15-2:
TIMER3 BLOCK DIAGRAM (16-BIT READ/WRITE MODE)
Timer1 Oscillator
Timer1 Clock Input
1
0
1
0
T13CKI/T1OSO
T1OSI
Synchronize
Detect
Prescaler
1, 2, 4, 8
FOSC/4
Internal
Clock
2
Sleep Input
T1OSCEN(1)
T3CKPS<1:0>
T3SYNC
Timer3
On/Off
TMR3CS
TMR3ON
CCPx Special Event Trigger
Clear TMR3
Set
TMR3IF
on Overflow
TMR3
High Byte
TMR3L
CCPx Select from T3CON<6,3>
8
Read TMR1L
Write TMR1L
8
8
TMR3H
8
8
Internal Data Bus
Note 1: When enable bit, T1OSCEN, is cleared, the inverter and feedback resistor are turned off to eliminate power drain.
DS39663F-page 164
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
15.2 Timer3 16-Bit Read/Write Mode
15.4 Timer3 Interrupt
Timer3 can be configured for 16-bit reads and writes
(see Figure 15-2). When the RD16 control bit
(T3CON<7>) is set, the address for TMR3H is mapped
to a buffer register for the high byte of Timer3. A read
from TMR3L will load the contents of the high byte of
Timer3 into the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register. This
provides the user with the ability to accurately read all
16 bits of Timer1 without having to determine whether
a read of the high byte, followed by a read of the low
byte, has become invalid due to a rollover between
reads.
The TMR3 register pair (TMR3H:TMR3L) increments
from 0000h to FFFFh and overflows to 0000h. The
Timer3 interrupt, if enabled, is generated on overflow
and is latched in interrupt flag bit, TMR3IF (PIR2<1>).
This interrupt can be enabled or disabled by setting or
clearing the Timer3 Interrupt Enable bit, TMR3IE
(PIE2<1>).
15.5 Resetting Timer3 Using the ECCP
Special Event Trigger
If ECCP1 or ECCP2 is configured to use Timer3 and to
generate a Special Event Trigger in Compare mode
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1011), this signal will reset Timer3.
The trigger from ECCP2 will also start an A/D conver-
sion if the A/D module is enabled (see Section 18.2.1
“Special Event Trigger” for more information).
A write to the high byte of Timer3 must also take place
through the TMR3H Buffer register. The Timer3 high
byte is updated with the contents of TMR3H when a
write occurs to TMR3L. This allows a user to write all
16 bits to both the high and low bytes of Timer3 at once.
The high byte of Timer3 is not directly readable or
writable in this mode. All reads and writes must take
place through the Timer3 High Byte Buffer register.
The module must be configured as either a timer or
synchronous counter to take advantage of this feature.
When used this way, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register
pair effectively becomes a period register for Timer3.
Writes to TMR3H do not clear the Timer3 prescaler.
The prescaler is only cleared on writes to TMR3L.
If Timer3 is running in Asynchronous Counter mode,
the Reset operation may not work.
15.3 Using the Timer1 Oscillator as the
Timer3 Clock Source
In the event that a write to Timer3 coincides with a
Special Event Trigger from an ECCP module, the write
will take precedence.
The Timer1 internal oscillator may be used as the clock
source for Timer3. The Timer1 oscillator is enabled by
setting the T1OSCEN (T1CON<3>) bit. To use it as the
Timer3 clock source, the TMR3CS bit must also be set.
As previously noted, this also configures Timer3 to
increment on every rising edge of the oscillator source.
Note:
The Special Event Triggers from the
ECCPx module will not set the TMR3IF
interrupt flag bit (PIR1<0>).
The Timer1 oscillator is described in Section 13.0
“Timer1 Module”.
TABLE 15-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER3 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR2
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
—
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
TMR3IF
TMR3IE
TMR3IP
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
54
55
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
OSCFIP
CMIF
CMIE
CMIP
—
—
—
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
BCL1IP
—
—
—
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
CCP2IP
PIE2
—
IPR2
—
TMR3L
TMR3H
T1CON
T3CON
Timer3 Register Low Byte
Timer3 Register High Byte
RD16
RD16
T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer3 module.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 165
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 166
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
16.1 Timer4 Operation
16.0 TIMER4 MODULE
Timer4 can be used as the PWM time base for the
PWM mode of the CCP module. The TMR4 register is
readable and writable and is cleared on any device
Reset. The input clock (FOSC/4) has a prescale option
of 1:1, 1:4 or 1:16, selected by control bits
T4CKPS<1:0> (T4CON<1:0>). The match output of
TMR4 goes through a 4-bit postscaler (which gives a
1:1 to 1:16 scaling inclusive) to generate a TMR4
interrupt, latched in flag bit, TMR4IF (PIR3<3>).
The Timer4 timer module has the following features:
• 8-Bit Timer register (TMR4)
• 8-Bit Period register (PR4)
• Readable and writable (both registers)
• Software programmable prescaler (1:1, 1:4, 1:16)
• Software programmable postscaler (1:1 to 1:16)
• Interrupt on TMR4 match of PR4
Timer4 has a control register shown in Register 16-1.
Timer4 can be shut off by clearing control bit, TMR4ON
(T4CON<2>), to minimize power consumption. The
prescaler and postscaler selection of Timer4 are also
controlled by this register. Figure 16-1 is a simplified
block diagram of the Timer4 module.
The prescaler and postscaler counters are cleared
when any of the following occurs:
• a write to the TMR4 register
• a write to the T4CON register
• any device Reset (Power-on Reset, MCLR Reset,
Watchdog Timer Reset or Brown-out Reset)
TMR4 is not cleared when T4CON is written.
REGISTER 16-1: T4CON: TIMER4 CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0
TMR4ON
T4CKPS1
T4CKPS0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 6-3
T4OUTPS<3:0>: Timer4 Output Postscale Select bits
0000= 1:1 Postscale
0001= 1:2 Postscale
•
•
•
1111= 1:16 Postscale
bit 2
TMR4ON: Timer4 On bit
1= Timer4 is on
0= Timer4 is off
bit 1-0
T4CKPS<1:0>: Timer4 Clock Prescale Select bits
00= Prescaler is 1
01= Prescaler is 4
1x= Prescaler is 16
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 167
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
16.2 Timer4 Interrupt
16.3 Output of TMR4
The Timer4 module has an 8-Bit Period register, PR4,
which is both readable and writable. Timer4 increments
from 00h until it matches PR4 and then resets to 00h on
the next increment cycle. The PR4 register is initialized
to FFh upon Reset.
The output of TMR4 (before the postscaler) is used
only as a PWM time base for the CCP modules. It is not
used as a baud rate clock for the MSSP as is the
Timer2 output.
FIGURE 16-1:
TIMER4 BLOCK DIAGRAM
4
1:1 to 1:16
Set TMR4IF
Postscaler
T4OUTPS<3:0>
2
TMR4 Output
T4CKPS<1:0>
(to PWM)
TMR4/PR4
Match
Reset
1:1, 1:4, 1:16
Prescaler
FOSC/4
Comparator
PR4
TMR4
8
8
8
Internal Data Bus
TABLE 16-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH TIMER4 AS A TIMER/COUNTER
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX2IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP5IP
CCP5IF
CCP5IE
INT0IF
CCP4IP
CCP4IF
CCP4IE
RBIF
53
55
55
55
57
57
57
IPR3
SSP2IP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
BCL2IP
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
RC2IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
TMR4IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
CCP3IP
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
PIR3
PIE3
TMR4
T4CON
PR4
Timer4 Register
T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0
Timer4 Period Register
—
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Timer4 module.
DS39663F-page 168
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
register. For the sake of clarity, all CCP module opera-
tion in the following sections is described with respect
to CCP4, but is equally applicable to CCP5.
17.0 CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM
(CCP) MODULES
Members of the PIC18F87J10 family of devices all have
a total of five CCP (Capture/Compare/PWM) modules.
Two of these (CCP4 and CCP5) implement standard
Capture, Compare and Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM)
modes and are discussed in this section. The other three
modules (ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3) implement
standard Capture and Compare modes, as well as
Enhanced PWM modes. These are discussed in
Section 18.0 “Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM
(ECCP) Module”.
Capture and compare operations described in this
chapter apply to all standard and Enhanced CCP
modules. The operations of PWM mode, described in
Section 17.4 “PWM Mode”, apply to CCP4 and CCP5
only.
Note: Throughout this section and Section 18.0
“Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP)
Module”, references to register and bit names
that may be associated with a specific CCP
module are referred to generically by the use of
‘x’ or ‘y’ in place of the specific module number.
Thus, “CCPxCON” might refer to the control
register for ECCP1, ECCP2, ECCP3, CCP4 or
CCP5.
Each CCP/ECCP module contains a 16-bit register
which can operate as a 16-Bit Capture register, a 16-Bit
Compare register or a PWM Master/Slave Duty Cycle
REGISTER 17-1: CCPxCON: CCPx CONTROL REGISTER (CCP4 AND CCP5)
U0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DCxB1
DCxB0
CCPxM3
CCPxM2
CCPxM1
CCPxM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5-4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
DCxB<1:0>: CCP Module x PWM Duty Cycle bit 1 and bit 0
Capture mode:
Unused.
Compare mode:
Unused.
PWM mode:
These bits are the two Least Significant bits (bit 1 and bit 0) of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The eight
Most Significant bits (DCxB<9:2>) of the duty cycle are found in CCPRxL.
bit 3-0
CCPxM<3:0>: CCP Module x Mode Select bits
0000= Capture/Compare/PWM disabled (resets CCPx module)
0001= Reserved
0010= Compare mode, toggle output on match (CCPxIF bit is set)
0011= Reserved
0100= Capture mode, every falling edge
0101= Capture mode, every rising edge
0110= Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111= Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000= Compare mode; initialize CCPx pin low; on compare match, force CCPx pin high (CCPxIF bit
is set)
1001= Compare mode; initialize CCPx pin high; on compare match, force CCPx pin low (CCPxIF bit
is set)
1010= Compare mode; generate software interrupt on compare match (CCPxIF bit is set, CCPx pin
reflects I/O state)
1011= Reserved
11xx= PWM mode
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 169
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The assignment of a particular timer to a module is
determined by the Timer to CCP enable bits in the
T3CON register (Register 15-1, page 163). Depending
on the configuration selected, up to four timers may be
active at once, with modules in the same configuration
(capture/compare or PWM) sharing timer resources.
The possible configurations are shown in Figure 17-1.
17.1 CCP Module Configuration
Each Capture/Compare/PWM module is associated
with a control register (generically, CCPxCON) and a
data register (CCPRx). The data register, in turn, is
comprised of two 8-bit registers: CCPRxL (low byte)
and CCPRxH (high byte). All registers are both
readable and writable.
17.1.2
ECCP2 PIN ASSIGNMENT
17.1.1
CCP MODULES AND TIMER
RESOURCES
The pin assignment for ECCP2 (capture input,
compare and PWM output) can change, based on
device configuration. The CCP2MX Configuration bit
determines which pin ECCP2 is multiplexed to. By
default, it is assigned to RC1 (CCP2MX = 1). If the
Configuration bit is cleared, ECCP2 is multiplexed with
RE7 on 64-pin devices and RB3 or RE7 on 80-pin
devices depending on mode setting.
The CCP/ECCP modules utilize Timers 1, 2, 3 or 4,
depending on the mode selected. Timer1 and Timer3
are available to modules in Capture or Compare
modes, while Timer2 and Timer4 are available for
modules in PWM mode.
TABLE 17-1: CCP MODE – TIMER
RESOURCE
Changing the pin assignment of ECCP2 does not auto-
matically change any requirements for configuring the
port pin. Users must always verify that the appropriate
TRIS register is configured correctly for ECCP2
operation regardless of where it is located.
CCP Mode
Timer Resource
Capture
Compare
PWM
Timer1 or Timer3
Timer1 or Timer3
Timer2 or Timer4
FIGURE 17-1:
CCP/ECCP AND TIMER INTERCONNECT CONFIGURATIONS
T3CCP<2:1> = 00
T3CCP<2:1> = 01
T3CCP<2:1> = 10
T3CCP<2:1> = 11
TMR1
TMR3
TMR1
TMR3
TMR1
TMR3
TMR1
TMR3
ECCP1
ECCP1
ECCP2
ECCP3
CCP4
ECCP1
ECCP2
ECCP1
ECCP2
ECCP3
CCP4
ECCP2
ECCP3
CCP4
ECCP3
CCP4
CCP5
CCP5
CCP5
CCP5
TMR2
TMR4
TMR2
TMR4
TMR2
TMR4
TMR2
TMR4
Timer1 is used for all capture Timer1 and Timer2 are used Timer1 and Timer2 are used Timer3 is used for all capture
and compare operations for for capture and compare or for capture and compare or and compare operations for
all CCP modules. Timer2 is PWM operations for ECCP1 PWM operations for ECCP1 all CCP modules. Timer4 is
used for PWM operations for only (depending on selected and ECCP2 only (depending used for PWM operations for
all CCP modules. Modules mode).
may share either timer
on the mode selected for each all CCP modules. Modules
module). Both modules may may share either timer
use a timer as a common time resource as a common time
base if they are both in base.
All other modules use either
resource as a common time
base.
Timer3 or Timer4. Modules
may share either timer
capture/compare or PWM
modes.
Timer3 and Timer4 are not resource as a common time
Timer1 and Timer2 are not
available.
base
if
they
are
in
available.
capture/compare or PWM The other modules use either
modes.
Timer3 or Timer4. Modules
may share either timer
resource as a common time
base
if
they
are
in
capture/compare or PWM
modes.
DS39663F-page 170
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
17.2.3
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT
17.2 Capture Mode
When the Capture mode is changed, a false capture
interrupt may be generated. The user should keep the
CCPxIE interrupt enable bit clear to avoid false
interrupts. The interrupt flag bit, CCPxIF, should also be
cleared following any such change in operating mode.
In Capture mode, the CCPRxH:CCPRxL register pair
captures the 16-bit value of the TMR1 or TMR3
registers when an event occurs on the corresponding
CCPx pin. An event is defined as one of the following:
• every falling edge
• every rising edge
17.2.4
CCP PRESCALER
• every 4th rising edge
• every 16th rising edge
There are four prescaler settings in Capture mode.
They are specified as part of the operating mode
selected by the mode select bits (CCPxM<3:0>).
Whenever the CCP module is turned off or Capture
mode is disabled, the prescaler counter is cleared. This
means that any Reset will clear the prescaler counter.
The event is selected by the mode select bits,
CCPxM<3:0> (CCPxCON<3:0>). When a capture is
made, the interrupt request flag bit, CCPxIF, is set; it
must be cleared in software. If another capture occurs
before the value in register CCPRx is read, the old
captured value is overwritten by the new captured value.
Switching from one capture prescaler to another may
generate an interrupt. Also, the prescaler counter will
not be cleared; therefore, the first capture may be from
17.2.1
CCP PIN CONFIGURATION
a
non-zero prescaler. Example 17-1 shows the
recommended method for switching between capture
prescalers. This example also clears the prescaler
counter and will not generate the “false” interrupt.
In Capture mode, the appropriate CCPx pin should be
configured as an input by setting the corresponding
TRIS direction bit.
Note:
If RG4/CCP5 is configured as an output, a
write to the port can cause a capture
condition.
EXAMPLE 17-1:
CHANGING BETWEEN
CAPTURE PRESCALERS
(CCP5 SHOWN)
CLRF
CCP5CON
; Turn CCP module off
17.2.2
TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION
MOVLW NEW_CAPT_PS ; Load WREG with the
; new prescaler mode
The timers that are to be used with the capture feature
(Timer1 and/or Timer3) must be running in Timer mode or
Synchronized Counter mode. In Asynchronous Counter
mode, the capture operation will not work. The timer to be
used with each CCP module is selected in the T3CON
register (see Section 17.1.1 “CCP Modules and Timer
Resources”).
; value and CCP ON
; Load CCP5CON with
; this value
MOVWF CCP5CON
FIGURE 17-2:
CAPTURE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
TMR3H
TMR3L
Set CCP4IF
T3CCP2
TMR3
Enable
CCP4 pin
Prescaler
÷ 1, 4, 16
and
Edge Detect
CCPR4H
CCPR4L
TMR1
Enable
T3CCP2
TMR1H
TMR3H
TMR1L
TMR3L
4
4
CCP4CON<3:0>
Q1:Q4
Set CCP5IF
4
CCP5CON<3:0>
T3CCP1
T3CCP2
TMR3
Enable
CCP5 pin
Prescaler
÷ 1, 4, 16
and
Edge Detect
CCPR5H
CCPR5L
TMR1L
TMR1
Enable
T3CCP2
T3CCP1
TMR1H
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 171
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
17.3 Compare Mode
Note:
Clearing the CCP5CON register will force
the RG4 compare output latch (depend-
ing on device configuration) to the default
low level. This is not the PORTB or
PORTC I/O data latch.
In Compare mode, the 16-Bit CCPRx register value is
constantly compared against either the TMR1 or TMR3
register pair value. When a match occurs, the CCPx pin
can be:
• driven high
17.3.2
TIMER1/TIMER3 MODE SELECTION
• driven low
Timer1 and/or Timer3 must be running in Timer mode
or Synchronized Counter mode if the CCP module is
using the compare feature. In Asynchronous Counter
mode, the compare operation may not work.
• toggled (high-to-low or low-to-high)
• remains unchanged (that is, reflects the state of
the I/O latch)
The action on the pin is based on the value of the mode
select bits (CCPxM<3:0>). At the same time, the
interrupt flag bit, CCPxIF, is set.
17.3.3
SOFTWARE INTERRUPT MODE
When the Generate Software Interrupt mode is chosen
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010), the corresponding CCPx pin is
not affected. Only a CCP interrupt is generated, if
enabled and the CCPxIE bit is set.
17.3.1
CCP PIN CONFIGURATION
The user must configure the CCPx pin as an output by
clearing the appropriate TRIS bit.
FIGURE 17-3:
COMPARE MODE OPERATION BLOCK DIAGRAM
Set CCP4IF
CCPR4H
CCPR4L
CCP4 Pin
S
R
Q
Compare
Match
Output
Logic
Comparator
TRIS
Output Enable
4
CCP4CON<3:0>
TMR1H
TMR3H
TMR1L
TMR3L
0
1
0
1
T3CCP1
T3CCP2
Set CCP5IF
CCP5 Pin
S
R
Q
Compare
Match
Output
Logic
Comparator
TRIS
Output Enable
4
CCPR5H
CCPR5L
CCP5CON<3:0>
DS39663F-page 172
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 17-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH CAPTURE, COMPARE, TIMER1 AND TIMER3
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
INTCON
RCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
RI
RBIE
TO
TMR0IF
PD
INT0IF
POR
RBIF
BOR
53
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
54
54
54
55
55
55
57
57
57
57
57
57
IPEN
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
OSCFIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
—
—
—
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
—
ADIF
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
—
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
BCL1IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
TMR4IP
TRISG3
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
PIE1
ADIE
ADIP
CMIF
CMIE
CMIP
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
—
IPR1
PIR2
—
—
TMR3IF CCP2IF
TMR3IE CCP2IE
TMR3IP CCP2IP
PIE2
—
—
IPR2
—
—
—
PIR3
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
—
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
TRISG4
CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP3IF
PIE3
CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0
IPR3
TRISG
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR3H
TMR3L
T3CON
CCPR4L
CCPR4H
CCPR5L
CCPR5H
CCP4CON
CCP5CON
Timer1 Register Low Byte
Timer1 Register High Byte
RD16
T1RUN T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
Timer3 Register High Byte
Timer3 Register Low Byte
RD16
T3CCP2 T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0 T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte
—
—
—
—
DC4B1
DC5B1
DC4B0
DC5B0
CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0
CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by capture/compare, Timer1 or Timer3.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 173
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
17.4.1
PWM PERIOD
17.4 PWM Mode
The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
(PR4) register. The PWM period can be calculated
using Equation 17-1:
In Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) mode, the CCPx pin
produces up to a 10-bit resolution PWM output. Since
the CCP4 and CCP5 pins are multiplexed with a
PORTG data latch, the appropriate TRISG bit must be
cleared to make the CCP4 or CCP5 pin an output.
EQUATION 17-1:
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
Note:
Clearing the CCP4CON or CCP5CON
register will force the RG3 or RG4 output
latch (depending on device configuration)
to the default low level. This is not the
PORTG I/O data latch.
PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period].
When TMR2 (TMR4) is equal to PR2 (PR4), the
following three events occur on the next increment
cycle:
Figure 17-4 shows a simplified block diagram of the
CCP module in PWM mode.
For a step-by-step procedure on how to set up a CCP
module for PWM operation, see Section 17.4.3
“Setup for PWM Operation”.
• TMR2 (TMR4) is cleared
• The CCPx pin is set (exception: if PWM duty
cycle = 0%, the CCPx pin will not be set)
• The PWM duty cycle is latched from CCPRxL into
CCPRxH
FIGURE 17-4:
SIMPLIFIED PWM BLOCK
DIAGRAM
Note:
The Timer2 and Timer 4 postscalers (see
Section 14.0 “Timer2 Module” and
Section 16.0 “Timer4 Module”) are not
used in the determination of the PWM
frequency. The postscaler could be used
to have a servo update rate at a different
frequency than the PWM output.
Duty Cycle Register
9
0
CCPR1L
CCP1CON<5:4>
Latch
Duty Cycle
(1)
CCPR1H
Comparator
TMR2
17.4.2
PWM DUTY CYCLE
S
R
Q
ECCP1
Pin
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPRxL register and to the CCPxCON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPRxL contains
the eight MSbs and the CCPxCON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPRxL:CCPxCON<5:4>. Equation 17-2 is used to
calculate the PWM duty cycle in time.
Reset
TMR2 = PR2
Match
2 LSbs Latched
from Q Clocks
Comparator
PR2
TRIS
Output Enable
Set CCPx pin
EQUATION 17-2:
Note 1: The two LSbs of the Duty Cycle register are held by a
2-bit latch that is part of the module’s hardware. It is
physically separate from the CCPR registers.
PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPRXL:CCPXCON<5:4>) •
TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)
A PWM output (Figure 17-5) has a time base (period)
and a time that the output stays high (duty cycle).
The frequency of the PWM is the inverse of the
period (1/period).
CCPRxL and CCPxCON<5:4> can be written to at any
time, but the duty cycle value is not latched into
CCPRxH until after a match between PR2 (PR4) and
TMR2 (TMR4) occurs (i.e., the period is complete). In
PWM mode, CCPRxH is a read-only register.
FIGURE 17-5:
PWM OUTPUT
Period
Duty Cycle
TMR2 (TMR4) = PR2 (PR4)
TMR2 (TMR4) = Duty Cycle
TMR2 (TMR4) = PR2 (TMR4)
DS39663F-page 174
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The CCPRxH register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This
double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM
operation.
17.4.3
SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the CCP module for PWM operation:
1. Set the PWM period by writing to the PR2 (PR4)
register.
When the CCPRxH and 2-bit latch match TMR2
(TMR4), concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or
2 bits of the TMR2 (TMR4) prescaler, the CCPx pin is
cleared.
2. Set the PWM duty cycle by writing to the
CCPRxL register and CCPxCON<5:4> bits.
3. Make the CCPx pin an output by clearing the
appropriate TRIS bit.
The maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency is given by Equation 17-3:
4. Set the TMR2 (TMR4) prescale value, then
enable Timer2 (Timer4) by writing to T2CON
(T4CON).
EQUATION 17-3:
FOSC
5. Configure the CCPx module for PWM operation.
log( )
FPWM
log(2)
PWM Resolution (max) =
bits
Note:
If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
the PWM period, the CCPx pin will not be
cleared.
TABLE 17-3: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz
PWM Frequency
2.44 kHz
9.77 kHz
39.06 kHz 156.25 kHz 312.50 kHz 416.67 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)
PR2 Value
16
FFh
10
4
1
1
3Fh
8
1
1Fh
7
1
FFh
10
FFh
10
17h
6.58
Maximum Resolution (bits)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 175
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 17-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH PWM, TIMER2 AND TIMER4
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
RCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
RI
RBIE
TO
TMR0IF
PD
INT0IF
POR
RBIF
BOR
53
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
54
54
54
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
57
IPEN
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
—
—
—
ADIF
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
—
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
TRISG4
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
TMR4IP
TRISG3
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
PIE1
ADIE
ADIP
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
—
IPR1
PIR3
CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP3IF
PIE3
CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0
IPR3
TRISG
TMR2
PR2
Timer2 Register
Timer2 Period Register
T2CON
TMR4
PR4
—
T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
Timer4 Register
Timer4 Period Register
T4CON
CCPR4L
—
T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0
Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 Low Byte
CCPR4H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 4 High Byte
CCPR5L Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 Low Byte
CCPR5H Capture/Compare/PWM Register 5 High Byte
CCP4CON
CCP5CON
—
—
—
—
DC4B1
DC5B1
DC4B0
DC5B0
CCP4M3 CCP4M2 CCP4M1 CCP4M0
CCP5M3 CCP5M2 CCP5M1 CCP5M0
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by PWM, Timer2 or Timer4.
DS39663F-page 176
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The control register for the Enhanced CCP module is
shown in Register 18-1. It differs from the CCP4CON/
CCP5CON registers in that the two Most Significant
bits are implemented to control PWM functionality.
18.0 ENHANCED CAPTURE/
COMPARE/PWM (ECCP)
MODULE
In the PIC18F87J10 family of devices, three of the CCP
modules are implemented as standard CCP modules
with Enhanced PWM capabilities. These include the
provision for 2 or 4 output channels, user-selectable
polarity, dead-band control and automatic shutdown
and restart. The Enhanced features are discussed in
detail in Section 18.4 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.
Capture, Compare and single-output PWM functions of
the ECCP module are the same as described for the
standard CCP module.
In addition to the expanded range of modes available
through the Enhanced CCPxCON register, the ECCP
modules each have two additional registers associated
with Enhanced PWM operation and auto-shutdown
features. They are:
• ECCPxDEL (Dead-Band Delay)
• ECCPxAS (Auto-Shutdown Configuration)
REGISTER 18-1: CCPxCON: ENHANCED CCPx CONTROL REGISTER (ECCP1/ECCP2/ECCP3)
R/W-0
PxM1
R/W-0
PxM0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
DCxB1
DCxB0
CCPxM3
CCPxM2
CCPxM1
CCPxM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
PxM<1:0>: Enhanced PWM Output Configuration bits
If CCPxM<3:2> = 00, 01, 10:
xx= PxA assigned as capture/compare input/output; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins
If CCPxM<3:2> = 11:
00= Single output: PxA modulated; PxB, PxC, PxD assigned as port pins
01= Full-bridge output forward: P1D modulated; P1A active; P1B, P1C inactive
10= Half-bridge output: P1A, P1B modulated with dead-band control; P1C, P1D assigned as port pins
11= Full-bridge output reverse: P1B modulated; P1C active; P1A, P1D inactive
bit 5-4
bit 3-0
DCxB<1:0>: PWM Duty Cycle Bit 1 and Bit 0
Capture mode:
Unused.
Compare mode:
Unused.
PWM mode:
These bits are the 2 LSbs of the 10-bit PWM duty cycle. The 8 MSbs of the duty cycle are found in CCPRxL.
CCPxM<3:0>: Enhanced CCP Module x Mode Select bits
0000= Capture/Compare/PWM off (resets ECCPx module)
0001= Reserved
0010= Compare mode, toggle output on match
0011= Capture mode
0100= Capture mode, every falling edge
0101= Capture mode, every rising edge
0110= Capture mode, every 4th rising edge
0111= Capture mode, every 16th rising edge
1000= Compare mode, initialize ECCPx pin low, set output on compare match (set CCPxIF)
1001= Compare mode, initialize ECCPx pin high, clear output on compare match (set CCPxIF)
1010= Compare mode, generate software interrupt only, ECCPx pin reverts to I/O state
1011= Compare mode, trigger special event (ECCPx resets TMR1 or TMR3, sets CCPxIF bit, ECCP2
trigger also starts A/D conversion if A/D module is enabled)(1)
1100= PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-high
1101= PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-high; PxB, PxD active-low
1110= PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-high
1111= PWM mode: PxA, PxC active-low; PxB, PxD active-low
Note 1: Implemented only for ECCP1 and ECCP2; same as ‘1010’ for ECCP3.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 177
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
18.1.2
ECCP2 OUTPUTS AND PROGRAM
MEMORY MODES
18.1 ECCP Outputs and Configuration
Each of the Enhanced CCP modules may have up to
four PWM outputs, depending on the selected
operating mode. These outputs, designated PxA
through PxD, are multiplexed with various I/O pins.
Some ECCP pin assignments are constant, while
others change based on device configuration. For
those pins that do change, the controlling bits are:
For 80-pin devices, the program memory mode of the
device (Section 6.1.3 “PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Program
Memory Modes”) also impacts pin multiplexing for the
module.
The ECCP2 input/output (ECCP2/P2A) can be multi-
plexed to one of three pins. The default assignment
(CCP2MX Configuration bit is set) for all devices is
RC1. Clearing CCP2MX reassigns ECCP2/P2A to
RE7.
• CCP2MX Configuration bit
• ECCPMX Configuration bit (80-pin devices only)
• Program Memory Operating mode, set by the
EMB Configuration bits (80-pin devices only)
An additional option exists for 80-pin devices. When
these devices are operating in Microcontroller mode,
the multiplexing options described above still apply. In
Extended Microcontroller mode, clearing CCP2MX
reassigns ECCP2/P2A to RB3.
The pin assignments for the Enhanced CCP modules
are summarized in Table 18-1, Table 18-2 and
Table 18-3. To configure the I/O pins as PWM outputs,
the proper PWM mode must be selected by setting the
PxMx and CCPxMx bits (CCPxCON<7:6> and <3:0>,
respectively). The appropriate TRIS direction bits for
the corresponding port pins must also be set as
outputs.
18.1.3
USE OF CCP4 AND CCP5 WITH
ECCP1 AND ECCP3
Only the ECCP2 module has four dedicated output pins
that are available for use. Assuming that the I/O ports
or other multiplexed functions on those pins are not
needed, they may be used whenever needed without
interfering with any other CCP module.
18.1.1
ECCP1/ECCP3 OUTPUTS AND
PROGRAM MEMORY MODE
In 80-pin devices, the use of Extended Microcontroller
mode has an indirect effect on the use of ECCP1 and
ECCP3 in Enhanced PWM modes. By default, PWM
outputs, P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C, are multiplexed to
PORTE pins, along with the high-order byte of the
external memory bus. When the bus is active in
Extended Microcontroller mode, it overrides the
Enhanced CCP outputs and makes them unavailable.
Because of this, ECCP1 and ECCP3 can only be used
in compatible (single-output) PWM modes when the
device is in Extended Microcontroller mode and default
pin configuration.
ECCP1 and ECCP3, on the other hand, only have
three dedicated output pins: ECCPx/PxA, PxB and
PxC. Whenever these modules are configured for
Quad PWM mode, the pin normally used for CCP4 or
CCP5 becomes the PxD output pins for ECCP3 and
ECCP1, respectively. The CCP4 and CCP5 modules
remain functional but their outputs are overridden.
18.1.4
ECCP MODULES AND TIMER
RESOURCES
Like the standard CCP modules, the ECCP modules
can utilize Timers 1, 2, 3 or 4, depending on the mode
selected. Timer1 and Timer3 are available for modules
in Capture or Compare modes, while Timer2 and
Timer4 are available for modules in PWM mode.
Additional details on timer resources are provided in
An exception to this configuration is when a 12-bit
address width is selected for the external bus
(EMB<1:0> Configuration bits = 01). In this case, the
upper pins of PORTE continue to operate as digital I/O,
even when the external bus is active. P1B/P1C and
P3B/P3C remain available for use as Enhanced PWM
outputs.
Section 17.1.1
“CCP
Modules
and
Timer
Resources”.
If an application requires the use of additional PWM
outputs during Enhanced microcontroller operation, the
P1B/P1C and P3B/P3C outputs can be reassigned to
the upper bits of PORTH. This is done by clearing the
ECCPMX Configuration bit.
DS39663F-page 178
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 18-1: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP1
CCP1CON
ECCP Mode
RC2
RE6
RE5
RG4
RH7
RH6
Configuration
All PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 Devices:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP1
P1A
RE6
P1B
P1B
RE5
RE5
P1C
RG4/CCP5
RG4/CCP5
P1D
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P1A
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 0, Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP1
P1A
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 P1D
P1B
P1B
RH6/AN14
P1C
P1A
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Microcontroller mode, 16-Bit or 20-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP1 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1,
Microcontroller mode or Extended Microcontroller mode, 12-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP1
P1A
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P1B
P1B
RE5/AD13 RG4/CCP5 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
P1C P1D RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
P1A
Legend: x= Don’t care, N/A = Not available. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP1 in a given mode.
Note 1: With ECCP1 in Quad PWM mode, CCP5’s output is overridden by P1D; otherwise, CCP5 is fully operational.
TABLE 18-2: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP2
CCP2CON
ECCP Mode
RB3
RC1
RE7
RE2
RE1
RE0
Configuration
All Devices, CCP2MX = 1, Either Operating mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
RB3/INT3
RB3/INT3
RB3/INT3
ECCP2
P2A
RE7
RE7
RE7
RE2
P2B
P2B
RE1
RE1
P2C
RE0
RE0
P2D
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P2A
All Devices, CCP2MX = 0, Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1
RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1
RB3/INT3 RC1/T1OS1
ECCP2
P2A
RE2
P2B
P2B
RE1
RE1
P2C
RE0
RE0
P2D
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P2A
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, CCP2MX = 0, Extended Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP2
P2A
RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15
RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15
RC1/T1OS1 RE7/AD15
RE2/CS
P2B
RE1/WR
RE1/WR
P2C
RE0/RD
RE0/RD
P2D
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P2A
P2B
Legend: x= Don’t care. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP2 in a given mode.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 179
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 18-3: PIN CONFIGURATIONS FOR ECCP3
CCP3CON
ECCP Mode
RG0
RE4
RE3
RG3
RH5
RH4
Configuration
All PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 Devices:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP3
P3A
RE4
P3B
P3B
RE3
RE3
P3C
RG3/CCP4
RG3/CCP4
P3D
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P3A
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 0, Microcontroller mode:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP3
P3A
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG3/CCP4 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG3/CCP4
RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 P3D
P3B
P3B
RH6/AN14
P3C
P3A
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1, Extended Microcontroller mode, 16-Bit or 20-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx ECCP3 RE6/AD14 RE5/AD13 RG3/CCP4 RH7/AN15 RH6/AN14
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 Devices, ECCPMX = 1,
Microcontroller mode or Extended Microcontroller mode, 12-Bit Address Width:
Compatible CCP 00xx 11xx
ECCP3
P3A
RE4/AD12 RE3/AD11 RG3/CCP4 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
Dual PWM
Quad PWM
10xx 11xx
x1xx 11xx
P3B
P3B
RE3/AD11 RG3/CCP4 RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
P3C P3D RH5/AN13 RH4/AN12
P3A
Legend: x= Don’t care, N/A = Not available. Shaded cells indicate pin assignments not used by ECCP3 in a given mode.
Note 1: With ECCP3 in Quad PWM mode, CCP4’s output is overridden by P1D; otherwise, CCP4 is fully operational.
Special Event Triggers are not implemented for
18.2 Capture and Compare Modes
ECCP3, CCP4 or CCP5. Selecting the Special Event
Except for the operation of the Special Event Trigger
Trigger mode for these modules has the same effect as
discussed below, the Capture and Compare modes of
selecting the Compare with Software Interrupt mode
the ECCP module are identical in operation to that of
CCP4. These are discussed in detail in Section 17.2
“Capture Mode” and Section 17.3 “Compare
Mode”.
(CCPxM<3:0> = 1010).
Note:
The Special Event Trigger from ECCP2
will not set the Timer1 or Timer3 interrupt
flag bits.
18.2.1
SPECIAL EVENT TRIGGER
18.3 Standard PWM Mode
ECCP1 and ECCP2 incorporate an internal hardware
trigger that is generated in Compare mode on a match
between the CCPRx register pair and the selected
timer. This can be used in turn to initiate an action. This
mode is selected by setting CCPxCON<3:0> to ‘1011’.
When configured in Single Output mode, the ECCP
module functions identically to the standard CCP
module in PWM mode, as described in Section 17.4
“PWM Mode”. This is also sometimes referred to as
“Compatible CCP” mode as in Tables 18-1
through 18-3.
The Special Event Trigger output of either ECCP1 or
ECCP2 resets the TMR1 or TMR3 register pair, depend-
ing on which timer resource is currently selected. This
allows the CCPRx register pair to effectively be a 16-bit
programmable period register for Timer1 or Timer3. In
addition, the ECCP2 Special Event Trigger will also start
an A/D conversion if the A/D module is enabled.
Note:
When setting up single-output PWM
operations, users are free to use either of
the processes described in Section 17.4.3
“Setup for PWM Operation” or
Section 18.4.9 “Setup for PWM Opera-
tion”. The latter is more generic but will
work for either single or multi-output PWM.
DS39663F-page 180
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
waveforms do not exactly match the standard PWM
waveforms, but are instead offset by one full instruction
cycle (4 TOSC).
18.4 Enhanced PWM Mode
The Enhanced PWM mode provides additional PWM
output options for a broader range of control applica-
tions. The module is a backward compatible version of
the standard CCP module and offers up to four outputs,
designated PxA through PxD. Users are also able to
select the polarity of the signal (either active-high or
active-low). The module’s output mode and polarity
are configured by setting the PxM<1:0> and
CCPxM<3:0> bits of the CCPxCON register
(CCPxCON<7:6> and CCPxCON<3:0>, respectively).
As before, the user must manually configure the
appropriate TRIS bits for output.
18.4.1
PWM PERIOD
The PWM period is specified by writing to the PR2
register. The PWM period can be calculated using the
equation:
EQUATION 18-1:
For the sake of clarity, Enhanced PWM mode operation
is described generically throughout this section with
respect to ECCP1 and TMR2 modules. Control register
names are presented in terms of ECCP1. All three
Enhanced modules, as well as the two timer resources,
can be used interchangeably and function identically.
TMR2 or TMR4 can be selected for PWM operation by
selecting the proper bits in T3CON.
PWM Period = [(PR2) + 1] • 4 • TOSC •
(TMR2 Prescale Value)
PWM frequency is defined as 1/[PWM period]. When
TMR2 is equal to PR2, the following three events occur
on the next increment cycle:
• TMR2 is cleared
Figure 18-1 shows a simplified block diagram of PWM
operation. All control registers are double-buffered and
are loaded at the beginning of a new PWM cycle (the
period boundary when Timer2 resets) in order to pre-
vent glitches on any of the outputs. The exception is the
PWM Delay register, ECCP1DEL, which is loaded at
either the duty cycle boundary or the boundary period
(whichever comes first). Because of the buffering, the
module waits until the assigned timer resets instead of
starting immediately. This means that Enhanced PWM
• The ECCP1 pin is set (if PWM duty cycle = 0%,
the ECCP1 pin will not be set)
• The PWM duty cycle is copied from CCPR1L into
CCPR1H
Note:
The Timer2 postscaler (see Section 14.0
“Timer2 Module”) is not used in the
determination of the PWM frequency. The
postscaler could be used to have a servo
update rate at a different frequency than
the PWM output.
FIGURE 18-1:
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE ENHANCED PWM MODULE
CCP1CON<5:4>
P1M1<1:0>
CCP1M<3:0>
4
Duty Cycle Registers
2
CCPR1L
ECCP1/P1A
P1B
ECCP1/P1A
P1B
TRISx<x>
TRISx<x>
TRISx<x>
TRISx<x>
CCPR1H (Slave)
Output
Controller
R
S
Q
Comparator
P1C
P1C
P1D
(Note 1)
TMR2
P1D
Comparator
Clear Timer,
set ECCP1 pin and
latch D.C.
PR2
ECCP1DEL
Note: The 8-bit timer TMR2 register is concatenated with the 2-bit internal Q clock, or 2 bits of the prescaler, to create the 10-bit
time base.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 181
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
18.4.2
PWM DUTY CYCLE
Note:
If the PWM duty cycle value is longer than
the PWM period, the ECCP1 pin will not
be cleared.
The PWM duty cycle is specified by writing to the
CCPR1L register and to the CCP1CON<5:4> bits. Up
to 10-bit resolution is available. The CCPR1L contains
the eight MSbs and the CCP1CON<5:4> contains the
two LSbs. This 10-bit value is represented by
CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>. The PWM duty cycle is
calculated by the equation:
18.4.3
PWM OUTPUT CONFIGURATIONS
The P1M<1:0> bits in the CCP1CON register allow one
of four configurations:
• Single Output
EQUATION 18-2:
• Half-Bridge Output
PWM Duty Cycle = (CCPR1L:CCP1CON<5:4>) •
TOSC • (TMR2 Prescale Value)
• Full-Bridge Output, Forward mode
• Full-Bridge Output, Reverse mode
The Single Output mode is the standard PWM mode
discussed in Section 18.4 “Enhanced PWM Mode”.
The Half-Bridge and Full-Bridge Output modes are
covered in detail in the sections that follow.
CCPR1L and CCP1CON<5:4> can be written to at any
time but the duty cycle value is not copied into
CCPR1H until a match between PR2 and TMR2 occurs
(i.e., the period is complete). In PWM mode, CCPR1H
is a read-only register.
The general relationship of the outputs in all
configurations is summarized in Figure 18-2.
The CCPR1H register and a 2-bit internal latch are
used to double-buffer the PWM duty cycle. This
double-buffering is essential for glitchless PWM opera-
tion. When the CCPR1H and 2-bit latch match TMR2,
concatenated with an internal 2-bit Q clock or two bits
of the TMR2 prescaler, the ECCP1 pin is cleared. The
maximum PWM resolution (bits) for a given PWM
frequency is given by the equation:
EQUATION 18-3:
FOSC
log
(
)
FPWM
bits
PWM Resolution (max) =
log(2)
TABLE 18-4: EXAMPLE PWM FREQUENCIES AND RESOLUTIONS AT 40 MHz
PWM Frequency
2.44 kHz
9.77 kHz
39.06 kHz 156.25 kHz 312.50 kHz 416.67 kHz
Timer Prescaler (1, 4, 16)
PR2 Value
16
FFh
10
4
1
1
3Fh
8
1
1Fh
7
1
FFh
10
FFh
10
17h
6.58
Maximum Resolution (bits)
DS39663F-page 182
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 18-2:
PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-HIGH STATE)
0
PR2 + 1
Duty
Cycle
SIGNAL
CCP1CON<7:6>
Period
(Single Output)
(Half-Bridge)
P1A Modulated
P1A Modulated
P1B Modulated
P1A Active
00
10
(1)
(1)
Delay
Delay
(Full-Bridge,
Forward)
P1B Inactive
P1C Inactive
P1D Modulated
P1A Inactive
P1B Modulated
P1C Active
01
(Full-Bridge,
Reverse)
11
P1D Inactive
FIGURE 18-3:
PWM OUTPUT RELATIONSHIPS (ACTIVE-LOW STATE)
0
Duty
Cycle
PR2 + 1
SIGNAL
CCP1CON<7:6>
Period
P1A Modulated
P1A Modulated
P1B Modulated
P1A Active
(Single Output)
(Half-Bridge)
00
10
(1)
(1)
Delay
Delay
P1B Inactive
P1C Inactive
P1D Modulated
P1A Inactive
P1B Modulated
P1C Active
(Full-Bridge,
Forward)
01
11
(Full-Bridge,
Reverse)
P1D Inactive
Relationships:
•
•
•
Period = 4 * TOSC * (PR2 + 1) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
Duty Cycle = TOSC * (CCPR1L<7:0>:CCP1CON<5:4>) * (TMR2 Prescale Value)
Delay = 4 * TOSC * (ECCP1DEL<6:0>)
Note 1: The dead-band delay is programmed using the ECCP1DEL register (Section 18.4.6 “Programmable
Dead-Band Delay”).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 183
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
18.4.4
HALF-BRIDGE MODE
FIGURE 18-4:
HALF-BRIDGE PWM
OUTPUT
In the Half-Bridge Output mode, two pins are used as
outputs to drive push-pull loads. The PWM output
signal is output on the P1A pin, while the complemen-
tary PWM output signal is output on the P1B pin
(Figure 18-4). This mode can be used for half-bridge
applications, as shown in Figure 18-5, or for full-bridge
applications, where four power switches are being
modulated with two PWM signals.
Period
Period
Duty Cycle
(2)
(2)
P1A
P1B
td
td
In Half-Bridge Output mode, the programmable
dead-band delay can be used to prevent shoot-through
current in half-bridge power devices. The value of bits,
P1DC<6:0>, sets the number of instruction cycles
before the output is driven active. If the value is greater
than the duty cycle, the corresponding output remains
inactive during the entire cycle. See Section 18.4.6
“Programmable Dead-Band Delay” for more details
on dead-band delay operations.
(1)
(1)
(1)
td = Dead Band Delay
Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the
PR2 register.
2: The output signals are shown as active-high.
Since the P1A and P1B outputs are multiplexed with
the PORTC<2> and PORTE<6> data latches, the
TRISC<2> and TRISE<6> bits must be cleared to
configure P1A and P1B as outputs.
FIGURE 18-5:
EXAMPLES OF HALF-BRIDGE OUTPUT MODE APPLICATIONS
V+
Standard Half-Bridge Circuit (“Push-Pull”)
PIC18F87J10
FET
Driver
+
V
-
P1A
Load
FET
Driver
+
V
-
P1B
V-
Half-Bridge Output Driving a Full-Bridge Circuit
V+
PIC18F87J10
FET
FET
Driver
Driver
P1A
Load
FET
FET
Driver
Driver
P1B
V-
DS39663F-page 184
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D outputs are multiplexed with
the port pins as described in Table 18-1, Table 18-2
and Table 18-3. The corresponding TRIS bits must be
cleared to make the P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D pins
outputs.
18.4.5
FULL-BRIDGE MODE
In Full-Bridge Output mode, four pins are used as
outputs; however, only two outputs are active at a time.
In the Forward mode, pin P1A is continuously active
and pin P1D is modulated. In the Reverse mode, pin
P1C is continuously active and pin P1B is modulated.
These are illustrated in Figure 18-6.
FIGURE 18-6:
FULL-BRIDGE PWM OUTPUT
Forward Mode
Period
(2)
P1A
Duty Cycle
(2)
(2)
P1B
P1C
(2)
P1D
(1)
(1)
Reverse Mode
Period
Duty Cycle
(2)
P1A
(2)
P1B
(2)
P1C
(2)
P1D
(1)
(1)
Note 1: At this time, the TMR2 register is equal to the PR2 register.
Note 2: The output signal is shown as active-high.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 185
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 18-7:
EXAMPLE OF FULL-BRIDGE APPLICATION
V+
PIC18F87J10
QC
QA
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
P1A
Load
P1B
FET
Driver
FET
Driver
P1C
P1D
QD
QB
V-
1. The direction of the PWM output changes when
the duty cycle of the output is at or near 100%.
18.4.5.1
Direction Change in Full-Bridge Mode
In the Full-Bridge Output mode, the P1M1 bit in the
CCP1CON register allows users to control the forward/
reverse direction. When the application firmware
changes this direction control bit, the module will
assume the new direction on the next PWM cycle.
2. The turn-off time of the power switch, including
the power device and driver circuit, is greater
than the turn-on time.
Figure 18-9 shows an example where the PWM direc-
tion changes from forward to reverse at a near 100%
duty cycle. At time t1, the outputs P1A and P1D
become inactive, while output P1C becomes active. In
this example, since the turn-off time of the power
devices is longer than the turn-on time, a shoot-through
current may flow through power devices QC and QD
(see Figure 18-7) for the duration of ‘t’. The same
phenomenon will occur to power devices QA and QB
for PWM direction change from reverse to forward.
Just before the end of the current PWM period, the
modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) are placed in their
inactive state, while the unmodulated outputs (P1A and
P1C) are switched to drive in the opposite direction.
This occurs in a time interval of (4 TOSC * (Timer2
Prescale Value) before the next PWM period begins.
The Timer2 prescaler will be either 1, 4 or 16, depend-
ing on the value of the T2CKPS bits (T2CON<1:0>).
During the interval from the switch of the unmodulated
outputs to the beginning of the next period, the
modulated outputs (P1B and P1D) remain inactive.
This relationship is shown in Figure 18-8.
If changing PWM direction at high duty cycle is required
for an application, one of the following requirements
must be met:
Note that in the Full-Bridge Output mode, the ECCP1
module does not provide any dead-band delay. In
general, since only one output is modulated at all times,
dead-band delay is not required. However, there is a
situation where a dead-band delay might be required.
This situation occurs when both of the following
conditions are true:
1. Reduce PWM for
changing directions.
a PWM period before
2. Use switch drivers that can drive the switches off
faster than they can drive them on.
Other options to prevent shoot-through current may
exist.
DS39663F-page 186
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 18-8:
PWM DIRECTION CHANGE
(1)
Period
Period
SIGNAL
P1A (Active-High)
P1B (Active-High)
DC
P1C (Active-High)
P1D (Active-High)
(Note 2)
DC
Note 1: The direction bit in the ECCP1 Control register (CCP1CON<7>) is written at any time during the PWM cycle.
2: When changing directions, the P1A and P1C signals switch before the end of the current PWM cycle at intervals
of 4 TOSC, 16 TOSC or 64 TOSC, depending on the Timer2 prescaler value. The modulated P1B and P1D signals
are inactive at this time.
FIGURE 18-9:
PWM DIRECTION CHANGE AT NEAR 100% DUTY CYCLE
Forward Period
Reverse Period
t1
(1)
(1)
P1A
P1B
DC
(1)
P1C
P1D
(1)
DC
(2)
t
ON
(1)
(1)
External Switch C
External Switch D
(3)
t
OFF
(2,3)
Potential
t = t
– t
ON
OFF
Shoot-Through
(1)
Current
Note 1: All signals are shown as active-high.
2:
3:
t
t
is the turn-on delay of power switch, QC, and its driver.
ON
is the turn-off delay of power switch, QD, and its driver.
OFF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 187
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
A shutdown event can be caused by either of the two
comparator modules or the FLT0 pin (or any combination
of these three sources). The comparators may be used
to monitor a voltage input proportional to a current being
monitored in the bridge circuit. If the voltage exceeds a
threshold, the comparator switches state and triggers a
shutdown. Alternatively, a low-level digital signal on the
18.4.6
PROGRAMMABLE DEAD-BAND
DELAY
In half-bridge applications, where all power switches
are modulated at the PWM frequency at all times, the
power switches normally require more time to turn off
than to turn on. If both the upper and lower power
switches are switched at the same time (one turned on
and the other turned off), both switches may be on for
a short period of time until one switch completely turns
off. During this brief interval, a very high current
(shoot-through current) may flow through both power
switches, shorting the bridge supply. To avoid this
potentially destructive shoot-through current from flow-
ing during switching, turning on either of the power
switches is normally delayed to allow the other switch
to completely turn off.
FLT0 pin can also trigger
a
shutdown. The
auto-shutdown feature can be disabled by not selecting
any auto-shutdown sources. The auto-shutdown sources
to be used are selected using the ECCP1AS<2:0> bits
(bits<6:4> of the ECCP1AS register).
When a shutdown occurs, the output pins are
asynchronously placed in their shutdown states,
specified by the PSS1AC<1:0> and PSS1BD<1:0> bits
(ECCP1AS<3:0>). Each pin pair (P1A/P1C and P1B/
P1D) may be set to drive high, drive low or be tri-stated
(not driving). The ECCP1ASE bit (ECCP1AS<7>) is
also set to hold the Enhanced PWM outputs in their
shutdown states.
In the Half-Bridge Output mode, a digitally program-
mable dead-band delay is available to avoid
shoot-through current from destroying the bridge
power switches. The delay occurs at the signal
transition from the non-active state to the active state.
See Figure 18-4 for illustration. The lower seven bits of
the ECCP1DEL register (Register 18-2) set the delay
period in terms of microcontroller instruction cycles
(TCY or 4 TOSC).
The ECCP1ASE bit is set by hardware when a
shutdown event occurs. If automatic restarts are not
enabled, the ECCP1ASE bit is cleared by firmware
when the cause of the shutdown clears. If automatic
restarts are enabled, the ECCP1ASE bit is automati-
cally cleared when the cause of the auto-shutdown has
cleared.
18.4.7
ENHANCED PWM
AUTO-SHUTDOWN
If the ECCP1ASE bit is set when a PWM period begins,
the PWM outputs remain in their shutdown state for that
entire PWM period. When the ECCP1ASE bit is
cleared, the PWM outputs will return to normal
operation at the beginning of the next PWM period.
When the ECCP1 is programmed for any of the
Enhanced PWM modes, the active output pins may be
configured for auto-shutdown. Auto-shutdown immedi-
ately places the Enhanced PWM output pins into a
defined shutdown state when a shutdown event
occurs.
Note:
Writing to the ECCP1ASE bit is disabled
while a shutdown condition is active.
REGISTER 18-2: ECCPxDEL: PWM DEAD-BAND DELAY REGISTER
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
PxRSEN
PxDC6
PxDC5
PxDC4
PxDC3
PxDC2
PxDC1
PxDC0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
PxRSEN: PWM Restart Enable bit
1= Upon auto-shutdown, the ECCPxASE bit clears automatically once the shutdown event goes
away; the PWM restarts automatically
0= Upon auto-shutdown, ECCPxASE must be cleared in software to restart the PWM
bit 6-0
PxDC<6:0>: PWM Delay Count bits
Delay time, in number of FOSC/4 (4 * TOSC) cycles, between the scheduled and actual time for a PWM
signal to transition to active.
DS39663F-page 188
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 18-3: ECCPxAS: ENHANCED CCPx AUTO-SHUTDOWN CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
ECCPxASE
ECCPxAS2 ECCPxAS1 ECCPxAS0 PSSxAC1
PSSxAC0
PSSxBD1
PSSxBD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
ECCPxASE: ECCPx Auto-Shutdown Event Status bit
1= A shutdown event has occurred; ECCPx outputs are in a shutdown state
0= ECCPx outputs are operating
bit 6-4
ECCPxAS<2:0>: ECCPx Auto-Shutdown Source Select bits
111= FLT0 or Comparator 1 or Comparator 2
110= FLT0 or Comparator 2
101= FLT0 or Comparator 1
100= FLT0
011= Either Comparator 1 or 2
010= Comparator 2 output
001= Comparator 1 output
000= Auto-shutdown is disabled
bit 3-2
bit 1-0
PSSxAC<1:0>: Pins A and C Shutdown State Control bits
1x= Pins A and C tri-state
01= Drive Pins A and C to ‘1’
00= Drive Pins A and C to ‘0’
PSSxBD<1:0>: Pins B and D Shutdown State Control bits(1)
1x= Pins B and D tri-state
01= Drive Pins B and D to ‘1’
00= Drive Pins B and D to ‘0’
The Auto-Shutdown mode can be forced by writing a ‘1’
to the ECCP1ASE bit.
18.4.7.1
Auto-Shutdown and Automatic
Restart
The auto-shutdown feature can be configured to allow
automatic restarts of the module following a shutdown
event. This is enabled by setting the P1RSEN bit of the
ECCP1DEL register (ECCP1DEL<7>).
18.4.8
START-UP CONSIDERATIONS
When the ECCP1 module is used in the PWM mode,
the application hardware must use the proper external
pull-up and/or pull-down resistors on the PWM output
pins. When the microcontroller is released from Reset,
all of the I/O pins are in the high-impedance state. The
external circuits must keep the power switch devices in
the OFF state until the microcontroller drives the I/O
pins with the proper signal levels, or activates the PWM
output(s).
In Shutdown mode with P1RSEN = 1 (Figure 18-10),
the ECCP1ASE bit will remain set for as long as the
cause of the shutdown continues. When the shutdown
condition clears, the ECCP1ASE bit is cleared. If
P1RSEN = 0 (Figure 18-11), once a shutdown condi-
tion occurs, the ECCP1ASE bit will remain set until it is
cleared by firmware. Once ECCP1ASE is cleared, the
Enhanced PWM will resume at the beginning of the
next PWM period.
The CCP1M<1:0> bits (CCP1CON<1:0>) allow the
user to choose whether the PWM output signals are
active-high or active-low for each pair of PWM output
pins (P1A/P1C and P1B/P1D). The PWM output
polarities must be selected before the PWM pins are
configured as outputs. Changing the polarity configura-
tion while the PWM pins are configured as outputs is
not recommended since it may result in damage to the
application circuits.
Note:
Writing to the ECCP1ASE bit is disabled
while a shutdown condition is active.
Independent of the P1RSEN bit setting, if the
auto-shutdown source is one of the comparators, the
shutdown condition is a level. The ECCP1ASE bit
cannot be cleared as long as the cause of the shutdown
persists.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 189
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The P1A, P1B, P1C and P1D output latches may not be
in the proper states when the PWM module is initialized.
Enabling the PWM pins for output at the same time as
the ECCP1 module may cause damage to the applica-
tion circuit. The ECCP1 module must be enabled in the
proper output mode and complete a full PWM cycle
before configuring the PWM pins as outputs. The com-
pletion of a full PWM cycle is indicated by the TMR2IF
bit being set as the second PWM period begins.
FIGURE 18-10:
PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN (P1RSEN = 1, AUTO-RESTART ENABLED)
PWM Period
Shutdown Event
ECCP1ASE bit
PWM Activity
Normal PWM
Start of
PWM Period
Shutdown
Event Occurs Event Clears
Shutdown
PWM
Resumes
FIGURE 18-11:
PWM AUTO-SHUTDOWN (P1RSEN = 0, AUTO-RESTART DISABLED)
PWM Period
Shutdown Event
ECCP1ASE bit
PWM Activity
Normal PWM
ECCP1ASE
Cleared by
Start of
PWM Period
Shutdown
Event Occurs Event Clears
Shutdown Firmware PWM
Resumes
DS39663F-page 190
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
8. If auto-restart operation is required, set the
PxRSEN bit (ECCPxDEL<7>).
18.4.9
SETUP FOR PWM OPERATION
The following steps should be taken when configuring
the ECCPx module for PWM operation:
9. Configure and start TMRx (TMR2 or TMR4):
• Clear the TMRx interrupt flag bit by clearing
the TMRxIF bit (PIR1<1> for Timer2 or
PIR3<3> for Timer4).
1. Configure the PWM pins, PxA and PxB (and
PxC and PxD, if used), as inputs by setting the
corresponding TRIS bits.
• Set the TMRx prescale value by loading the
TxCKPS bits (TxCON<1:0>).
2. Set the PWM period by loading the PR2 (PR4)
register.
• Enable Timer2 (or Timer4) by setting the
TMRxON bit (TxCON<2>).
3. Configure the ECCPx module for the desired
PWM mode and configuration by loading the
CCPxCON register with the appropriate values:
10. Enable PWM outputs after a new PWM cycle
has started:
• Select one of the available output
configurations and direction with the
PxM<1:0> bits.
• Wait until TMRx overflows (TMRxIF bit is set).
• Enable the ECCPx/PxA, PxB, PxC and/or
PxD pin outputs by clearing the respective
TRIS bits.
• Select the polarities of the PWM output
signals with the CCPxM<3:0> bits.
• Clear the ECCPxASE bit (ECCPxAS<7>).
4. Set the PWM duty cycle by loading the CCPRxL
register and the CCPxCON<5:4> bits.
18.4.10 EFFECTS OF A RESET
5. For auto-shutdown:
Both Power-on Reset and subsequent Resets will force
all ports to Input mode and the ECCP registers to their
Reset states.
• Disable auto-shutdown; ECCP1ASE = 0.
• Configure auto-shutdown source.
• Wait for Run condition.
This forces the Enhanced CCP module to reset to a
state compatible with the standard CCP module.
6. For Half-Bridge Output mode, set the
dead-band delay by loading ECCPxDEL<6:0>
with the appropriate value.
7. If auto-shutdown operation is required, load the
ECCPxAS register:
• Select the auto-shutdown sources using the
ECCPxAS<2:0> bits.
• Select the shutdown states of the PWM
output pins using the PSSxAC<1:0> and
PSSxBD<1:0> bits.
• Set the ECCPxASE bit (ECCPxAS<7>).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 191
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 18-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ECCP MODULES AND TIMER1 TO TIMER4
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
RCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
RI
RBIE
TMR0IF
PD
INT0IF
POR
RBIF
BOR
53
54
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
56
56
54
54
54
54
54
54
55
55
55
57
57
57
55
55,
55
55, 57
57
IPEN
PSPIF
—
—
TO
ADIF
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
—
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
—
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
BCL1IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
TMR4IP
TRISB3
TRISC3
TRISE3
TRISG3
TRISH3
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
PIE1
PSPIE
PSPIP
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
OSCFIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
TRISB7
TRISC7
TRISE7
—
ADIE
IPR1
ADIP
PIR2
CMIF
—
—
—
TMR3IF CCP2IF
TMR3IE CCP2IE
TMR3IP CCP2IP
PIE2
CMIE
—
—
IPR2
CMIP
—
—
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
TRISB6
TRISC6
TRISE6
—
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
TRISB5
TRISC5
TRISE5
—
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
TRISB4
TRISC4
TRISE4
TRISG4
TRISH4
CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF
CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
TRISB2 TRISB1 TRISB0
TRISC2 TRISC1 TRISC0
TRISE2 TRISE1 TRISE0
TRISG2 TRISG1 TRISG0
TRISH2 TRISH1 TRISH0
PIE3
IPR3
TRISB
TRISC
TRISE
TRISG
TRISH
TMR1L
TMR1H
T1CON
TMR2
T2CON
PR2
TRISH7
TRISH6
TRISH5
Timer1 Register Low Byte
Timer1 Register High Byte
RD16
Timer2 Register
T2OUTPS3 T2OUTPS2 T2OUTPS1 T2OUTPS0 TMR2ON T2CKPS1 T2CKPS0
T1RUN
T1CKPS1 T1CKPS0 T1OSCEN T1SYNC TMR1CS TMR1ON
—
Timer2 Period Register
Timer3 Register Low Byte
Timer3 Register High Byte
TMR3L
TMR3H
T3CON
TMR4
T4CON
PR4
RD16
Timer4 Register
T4OUTPS3 T4OUTPS2 T4OUTPS1 T4OUTPS0 TMR4ON T4CKPS1 T4CKPS0
T3CCP2
T3CKPS1 T3CKPS0
T3CCP1 T3SYNC TMR3CS TMR3ON
—
Timer4 Period Register
(1)
CCPRxL
CCPRxH
Capture/Compare/PWM Register x Low Byte
Capture/Compare/PWM Register x High Byte
(1)
(1)
CCPxCON
PxM1
PxM0
DCxB1
DCxB0
CCPxM3 CCPxM2 CCPxM1 CCPxM0
(1)
ECCPxAS
ECCPxASE ECCPxAS2 ECCPxAS1 ECCPxAS0 PSSxAC1 PSSxAC0 PSSxBD1 PSSxBD0
(1)
ECCPxDEL
PxRSEN
PxDC6
PxDC5
PxDC4
PxDC3
PxDC2
PxDC1
PxDC0
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used during ECCP operation.
Note 1: Generic term for all of the identical registers of this name for all Enhanced CCP modules, where ‘x’ identifies the
individual module (ECCP1, ECCP2 or ECCP3). Bit assignments and Reset values for all registers of the same
generic name are identical.
DS39663F-page 192
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
19.3 SPI Mode
19.0 MASTER SYNCHRONOUS
SERIAL PORT (MSSP)
MODULE
The SPI mode allows 8 bits of data to be synchronously
transmitted and received simultaneously. All four
modes of SPI are supported. To accomplish
communication, typically three pins are used:
19.1 Master SSP (MSSP) Module
Overview
• Serial Data Out (SDOx) – RC5/SDO1 or
RD4/SDO2
The Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) module is
a serial interface, useful for communicating with other
peripheral or microcontroller devices. These peripheral
devices may be serial EEPROMs, shift registers,
display drivers, A/D Converters, etc. The MSSP
module can operate in one of two modes:
• Serial Data In (SDIx) – RC4/SDI1/SDA1 or
RD5/SDI2/SDA2
• Serial Clock (SCKx) – RC3/SCK1/SCL1 or
RD6/SCK2/SCL2
Additionally, a fourth pin may be used when in a Slave
mode of operation:
• Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
• Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C™)
- Full Master mode
• Slave Select (SSx) – RF7/SS1 or RD7/SS2
Figure 19-1 shows the block diagram of the MSSP
module when operating in SPI mode.
- Slave mode (with general address call)
The I2C interface supports the following modes in
hardware:
FIGURE 19-1:
MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
(SPI MODE)
• Master mode
Internal
Data Bus
• Multi-Master mode
• Slave mode (with address masking for both 10-bit
and 7-bit addressing)
Read
Write
All members of the PIC18F87J10 family have two
MSSP modules, designated as MSSP1 and MSSP2.
Each module operates independently of the other.
SSPxBUF reg
SDIx
Note:
Throughout this section, generic refer-
ences to an MSSP module in any of its
operating modes may be interpreted as
being equally applicable to MSSP1 or
MSSP2. Register names and module I/O
signals use the generic designator ‘x’ to
indicate the use of a numeral to distinguish
a particular module when required. Control
bit names are not individuated.
SSPxSR reg
Shift
Clock
bit 0
SDOx
SSx
Control
Enable
SSx
Edge
Select
19.2 Control Registers
Each MSSP module has three associated control regis-
ters. These include a status register (SSPxSTAT) and
two control registers (SSPxCON1 and SSPxCON2). The
use of these registers and their individual Configuration
bits differ significantly depending on whether the MSSP
module is operated in SPI or I2C mode.
2
Clock Select
SSPM<3:0>
SMP:CKE
2
4
TMR2 Output
(
)
2
SCKx
Edge
Select
Additional details are provided under the individual
sections.
TOSC
Prescaler
4, 16, 64
Note:
In devices with more than one MSSP
module, it is very important to pay close
attention to SSPCON register names.
SSP1CON1 and SSP1CON2 control
different operational aspects of the same
Data to TXx/RXx in SSPxSR
TRIS bit
Note: Only port I/O names are used in this diagram for
the sake of brevity. Refer to the text for a full list of
multiplexed functions.
module,
while
SSP1CON1
and
SSP2CON1 control the same features for
two different modules.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 193
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data
bytes are written to or read from.
19.3.1
REGISTERS
Each MSSP module has four registers for SPI mode
operation. These are:
In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF
together create a double-buffered receiver. When
SSPxSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to
SSPxBUF and the SSPxIF interrupt is set.
• MSSP Control Register 1 (SSPxCON1)
• MSSP Status Register (SSPxSTAT)
• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register
(SSPxBUF)
During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not
double-buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both
SSPxBUF and SSPxSR.
• MSSP Shift Register (SSPxSR) – Not directly
accessible
SSPxCON1 and SSPxSTAT are the control and status
registers in SPI mode operation. The SSPxCON1
register is readable and writable. The lower 6 bits of
the SSPxSTAT are read-only. The upper two bits of the
SSPxSTAT are read/write.
REGISTER 19-1: SSPxSTAT: MSSPx STATUS REGISTER (SPI MODE)
R/W-0
SMP
R/W-0
CKE(1)
R-0
D/A
R-0
P
R-0
S
R-0
R-0
UA
R-0
BF
R/W
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
SMP: Sample bit
SPI Master mode:
1= Input data sampled at end of data output time
0= Input data sampled at middle of data output time
SPI Slave mode:
SMP must be cleared when SPI is used in Slave mode.
bit 6
CKE: SPI Clock Select bit(1)
1= Transmit occurs on transition from active to Idle clock state
0= Transmit occurs on transition from Idle to active clock state
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
D/A: Data/Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
P: Stop bit
Used in I2C mode only. This bit is cleared when the MSSP module is disabled, SSPEN is cleared.
S: Start bit
Used in I2C mode only.
R/W: Read/Write Information bit
Used in I2C mode only.
UA: Update Address bit
Used in I2C mode only.
BF: Buffer Full Status bit (Receive mode only)
1= Receive complete, SSPxBUF is full
0= Receive not complete, SSPxBUF is empty
Note 1: The polarity of the clock state is set by the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>).
DS39663F-page 194
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 19-2: SSPxCON1: MSSPx CONTROL REGISTER 1 (SPI MODE)
R/W-0
WCOL
R/W-0
SSPOV(1)
R/W-0
R/W-0
CKP
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSPEN
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
bit 6
WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
1= The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word
(must be cleared in software)
0= No collision
SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit(1)
SPI Slave mode:
1= A new byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous data. In case of over-
flow, the data in SSPxSR is lost. Overflow can only occur in Slave mode. The user must read the
SSPxBUF, even if only transmitting data, to avoid setting overflow (must be cleared in software).
0= No overflow
bit 5
SSPEN: Master Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1= Enables serial port and configures SCKx, SDOx, SDIx and SSx as serial port pins(2)
0= Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins(2)
bit 4
CKP: Clock Polarity Select bit
1= Idle state for clock is a high level
0= Idle state for clock is a low level
bit 3-0
SSPM<3:0>: Master Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
0101= SPI Slave mode, clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control disabled, SSx can be used as I/O pin(3)
0100= SPI Slave mode, clock = SCKx pin, SSx pin control enabled(3)
0011= SPI Master mode, clock = TMR2 output/2(3)
0010= SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/64(3)
0001= SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/16(3)
0000= SPI Master mode, clock = FOSC/4(3)
Note 1: In Master mode, the overflow bit is not set since each new reception (and transmission) is initiated by
writing to the SSPxBUF register.
2: When enabled, these pins must be properly configured as input or output.
3: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in I2C mode only.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 195
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
reading the data that was just received. Any write to the
SSPxBUF register during transmission/reception of data
will be ignored and the Write Collision Detect bit, WCOL
(SSPxCON1<7>), will be set. User software must clear
the WCOL bit so that it can be determined if the following
write(s) to the SSPxBUF register completed
successfully.
19.3.2
OPERATION
When initializing the SPI, several options need to be
specified. This is done by programming the appropriate
control bits (SSPxCON1<5:0> and SSPxSTAT<7:6>).
These control bits allow the following to be specified:
• Master mode (SCKx is the clock output)
• Slave mode (SCKx is the clock input)
• Clock Polarity (Idle state of SCKx)
When the application software is expecting to receive
valid data, the SSPxBUF should be read before the next
byte of data to transfer is written to the SSPxBUF. The
Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), indicates when
SSPxBUF has been loaded with the received data
(transmission is complete). When the SSPxBUF is read,
the BF bit is cleared. This data may be irrelevant if the
SPI is only a transmitter. Generally, the MSSP interrupt
is used to determine when the transmission/reception
has completed. If the interrupt method is not going to be
used, then software polling can be done to ensure that a
write collision does not occur. Example 19-1 shows the
loading of the SSPxBUF (SSPxSR) for data
transmission.
• Data Input Sample Phase (middle or end of data
output time)
• Clock Edge (output data on rising/falling edge of
SCKx)
• Clock Rate (Master mode only)
• Slave Select mode (Slave mode only)
Each MSSP module consists of a transmit/receive shift
register (SSPxSR) and a buffer register (SSPxBUF).
The SSPxSR shifts the data in and out of the device,
MSb first. The SSPxBUF holds the data that was written
to the SSPxSR until the received data is ready. Once the
8 bits of data have been received, that byte is moved to
the SSPxBUF register. Then, the Buffer Full detect bit,
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), and the interrupt flag bit, SSPxIF,
are set. This double-buffering of the received data
(SSPxBUF) allows the next byte to start reception before
The SSPxSR is not directly readable or writable and
can only be accessed by addressing the SSPxBUF
register. Additionally, the SSPxSTAT register indicates
the various status conditions.
EXAMPLE 19-1:
LOADING THE SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) REGISTER
LOOP
BTFSS
BRA
SSP1STAT, BF
LOOP
;Has data been received (transmit complete)?
;No
MOVF
SSP1BUF, W
;WREG reg = contents of SSP1BUF
MOVWF
RXDATA
;Save in user RAM, if data is meaningful
MOVF
MOVWF
TXDATA, W
SSP1BUF
;W reg = contents of TXDATA
;New data to xmit
DS39663F-page 196
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Any serial port function that is not desired may be
overridden by programming the corresponding Data
Direction (TRIS) register to the opposite value.
19.3.3
ENABLING SPI I/O
To enable the serial port, MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN
(SSPxCON1<5>), must be set. To reset or reconfigure
SPI mode, clear the SSPEN bit, reinitialize the
SSPxCON registers and then set the SSPEN bit. This
configures the SDIx, SDOx, SCKx and SSx pins as
serial port pins. For the pins to behave as the serial port
function, some must have their data direction bits (in
the TRIS register) appropriately programmed as
follows:
19.3.4
TYPICAL CONNECTION
Figure 19-2 shows a typical connection between two
microcontrollers. The master controller (Processor 1)
initiates the data transfer by sending the SCKx signal.
Data is shifted out of both shift registers on their pro-
grammed clock edge and latched on the opposite edge
of the clock. Both processors should be programmed to
the same Clock Polarity (CKP), then both controllers
would send and receive data at the same time.
Whether the data is meaningful (or dummy data)
depends on the application software. This leads to
three scenarios for data transmission:
• SDIx is automatically controlled by the
SPI module
• SDOx must have the TRISC<5> or TRISD<4> bit
cleared
• SCKx (Master mode) must have the TRISC<3> or
TRISD<6>bit cleared
• Master sends data – Slave sends dummy data
• Master sends data – Slave sends data
• SCKx (Slave mode) must have the TRISC<3> or
TRISD<6> bit set
• Master sends dummy data – Slave sends data
• SSx must have the TRISF<7> or TRISD<7> bit
set
FIGURE 19-2:
SPI MASTER/SLAVE CONNECTION
SPI Master SSPM<3:0> = 00xxb
SPI Slave SSPM<3:0> = 010xb
SDIx
SDOx
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPxBUF)
Serial Input Buffer
(SSPxBUF)
SDIx
SDOx
Shift Register
(SSPxSR)
Shift Register
(SSPxSR)
LSb
MSb
MSb
LSb
Serial Clock
SCKx
SCKx
PROCESSOR 1
PROCESSOR 2
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 197
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
shown in Figure 19-3, Figure 19-5 and Figure 19-6,
where the MSB is transmitted first. In Master mode, the
SPI clock rate (bit rate) is user programmable to be one
of the following:
19.3.5
MASTER MODE
The master can initiate the data transfer at any time
because it controls the SCKx. The master determines
when the slave (Processor 1, Figure 19-2) is to
broadcast data by the software protocol.
• FOSC/4 (or TCY)
• FOSC/16 (or 4 • TCY)
• FOSC/64 (or 16 • TCY)
• Timer2 output/2
In Master mode, the data is transmitted/received as
soon as the SSPxBUF register is written to. If the SPI
is only going to receive, the SDOx output could be dis-
abled (programmed as an input). The SSPxSR register
will continue to shift in the signal present on the SDIx
pin at the programmed clock rate. As each byte is
received, it will be loaded into the SSPxBUF register as
if a normal received byte (interrupts and status bits
appropriately set). This could be useful in receiver
applications as a “Line Activity Monitor” mode.
This allows a maximum data rate (at 40 MHz) of
10.00 Mbps.
Figure 19-3 shows the waveforms for Master mode.
When the CKE bit is set, the SDOx data is valid before
there is a clock edge on SCKx. The change of the input
sample is shown based on the state of the SMP bit. The
time when the SSPxBUF is loaded with the received
data is shown.
The clock polarity is selected by appropriately
programming the CKP bit (SSPxCON1<4>). This then,
would give waveforms for SPI communication as
FIGURE 19-3:
SPI MODE WAVEFORM (MASTER MODE)
Write to
SSPxBUF
SCKx
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
4 Clock
Modes
SCKx
(CKP = 0
CKE = 1)
SCKx
(CKP = 1
CKE = 1)
bit 6
bit 6
bit 2
bit 2
bit 5
bit 5
bit 4
bit 4
bit 1
bit 1
bit 0
bit 0
SDOx
(CKE = 0)
bit 7
bit 7
bit 3
bit 3
SDOx
(CKE = 1)
SDIx
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SDIx
(SMP = 1)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 1)
SSPxIF
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2↓
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
DS39663F-page 198
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
transmitted byte and becomes a floating output.
External pull-up/pull-down resistors may be desirable
depending on the application.
19.3.6
SLAVE MODE
In Slave mode, the data is transmitted and received as
the external clock pulses appear on SCKx. When the
last bit is latched, the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set.
Note 1: When the SPI is in Slave mode
with
SSx pin
control
enabled
While in Slave mode, the external clock is supplied by
the external clock source on the SCKx pin. This
external clock must meet the minimum high and low
times as specified in the electrical specifications.
(SSPxCON1<3:0> = 0100), the SPI
module will reset if the SSx pin is set to VDD.
2: If the SPI is used in Slave mode with CKE
set, then the SSx pin control must be
enabled.
While in Sleep mode, the slave can transmit/receive
data. When a byte is received, the device can be
configured to wake-up from Sleep.
When the SPI module resets, the bit counter is forced
to ‘0’. This can be done by either forcing the SSx pin to
a high level or clearing the SSPEN bit.
19.3.7
SLAVE SELECT
SYNCHRONIZATION
To emulate two-wire communication, the SDOx pin can
be connected to the SDIx pin. When the SPI needs to
operate as a receiver, the SDOx pin can be configured
as an input. This disables transmissions from the
SDOx. The SDIx can always be left as an input (SDI
function) since it cannot create a bus conflict.
The SSx pin allows a Synchronous Slave mode. The
SPI must be in Slave mode with the SSx pin control
enabled (SSPxCON1<3:0> = 04h). When the SSx pin
is low, transmission and reception are enabled and the
SDOx pin is driven. When the SSx pin goes high, the
SDOx pin is no longer driven, even if in the middle of a
FIGURE 19-4:
SLAVE SYNCHRONIZATION WAVEFORM
SSx
SCKx
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
Write to
SSPxBUF
bit 6
bit 7
bit 7
bit 0
SDOx
bit 7
SDIx
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPxIF
Interrupt
Flag
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2
↓
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 199
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 19-5:
SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 0)
SSx
Optional
SCKx
(CKP = 0
CKE = 0)
SCKx
(CKP = 1
CKE = 0)
Write to
SSPxBUF
bit 6
bit 2
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
bit 1
bit 0
SDOx
bit 7
SDIx
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
bit 7
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPxIF
Interrupt
Flag
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2↓
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
FIGURE 19-6:
SPI MODE WAVEFORM (SLAVE MODE WITH CKE = 1)
SSx
Not Optional
SCKx
(CKP = 0
CKE = 1)
SCKx
(CKP = 1
CKE = 1)
Write to
SSPxBUF
bit 6
bit 3
bit 2
bit 5
bit 4
bit 1
bit 0
SDOx
bit 7
bit 7
SDIx
(SMP = 0)
bit 0
Input
Sample
(SMP = 0)
SSPxIF
Interrupt
Flag
Next Q4 Cycle
after Q2↓
SSPxSR to
SSPxBUF
DS39663F-page 200
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
19.3.8
OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED
MODES
19.3.10 BUS MODE COMPATIBILITY
Table 19-1 shows the compatibility between the
standard SPI modes and the states of the CKP and
CKE control bits.
In SPI Master mode, module clocks may be operating
at a different speed than when in Full-Power mode; in
the case of the Sleep mode, all clocks are halted.
TABLE 19-1: SPI BUS MODES
In Idle modes, a clock is provided to the peripherals.
That clock can be from the primary clock source, the
secondary clock (Timer1 oscillator) or the INTOSC
source. See Section 3.6 “Clock Sources and
Oscillator Switching” for additional information.
Control Bits State
Standard SPI Mode
Terminology
CKP
CKE
0, 0
0, 1
1, 0
1, 1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
In most cases, the speed that the master clocks SPI
data is not important; however, this should be
evaluated for each system.
If MSSP interrupts are enabled, they can wake the con-
troller from Sleep mode, or one of the Idle modes, when
the master completes sending data. If an exit from
Sleep or Idle mode is not desired, MSSP interrupts
should be disabled.
There is also an SMP bit which controls when the data
is sampled.
19.3.11 SPI CLOCK SPEED AND MODULE
INTERACTIONS
If the Sleep mode is selected, all module clocks are
halted and the transmission/reception will remain in
that state until the devices wakes. After the device
returns to Run mode, the module will resume
transmitting and receiving data.
Because MSSP1 and MSSP2 are independent
modules, they can operate simultaneously at different
data rates. Setting the SSPM<3:0> bits of the
SSPxCON1 register determines the rate for the
corresponding module.
In SPI Slave mode, the SPI Transmit/Receive Shift
register operates asynchronously to the device. This
allows the device to be placed in any power-managed
mode and data to be shifted into the SPI
Transmit/Receive Shift register. When all 8 bits have
been received, the MSSP interrupt flag bit will be set
and if enabled, will wake the device.
An exception is when both modules use Timer2 as a
time base in Master mode. In this instance, any
changes to the Timer2 module’s operation will affect
both MSSP modules equally. If different bit rates are
required for each module, the user should select one of
the other three time base options for one of the
modules.
19.3.9
EFFECTS OF A RESET
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the
current transfer.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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TABLE 19-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SPI OPERATION
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CCP1IP
CCP5IF
CCP5IE
CCP5IP
TRISC2
TRISD2
TRISF2
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
PSPIF
PSPIE
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
TRISC5
TRISD5
TRISF5
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
TMR4IP
TRISC3
TRISD3
TRISF3
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
PIE1
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TMR2IE TMR1IE
TMR2IP TMR1IP
55
IPR1
PSPIP
ADIP
55
PIR3
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
TRISC7
TRISD7
TRISF7
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
TRISC6
TRISD6
TRISF6
CCP4IF
CCP4IE
CCP4IP
TRISC1
TRISD1
TRISF1
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
CCP3IP
TRISC0
TRISD0
—
55
PIE3
TX2IE
TX2IP
TRISC4
TRISD4
TRISF4
55
IPR3
55
TRISC
TRISD
TRISF
56
56
56
SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
54
SSPxCON1 WCOL
SSPxSTAT SMP
SSPOV
CKE
SSPEN
D/A
CKP
P
SSPM3
S
SSPM2
R/W
SSPM1
UA
SSPM0
BF
54, 57
54, 57
57
SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
Legend: Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP module in SPI mode.
DS39663F-page 202
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PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
2
19.4.1
REGISTERS
19.4 I C Mode
The MSSP module has six registers for I2C operation.
These are:
The MSSP module in I2C mode fully implements all
master and slave functions (including general call
support) and provides interrupts on Start and Stop bits
in hardware to determine a free bus (multi-master
function). The MSSP module implements the standard
mode specifications, as well as 7-bit and 10-bit
addressing.
• MSSP Control Register 1 (SSPxCON1)
• MSSP Control Register 2 (SSPxCON2)
• MSSP Status Register (SSPxSTAT)
• Serial Receive/Transmit Buffer Register
(SSPxBUF)
Two pins are used for data transfer:
• MSSP Shift Register (SSPxSR) – Not directly
accessible
• Serial clock (SCLx) – RC3/SCK1/SCL1 or
RD6/SCK2/SCL2
• MSSP Address Register (SSPxADD)
• Serial data (SDAx) – RC4/SDI1/SDA1 or
RD5/SDI2/SDA2
SSPxCON1, SSPxCON2 and SSPxSTAT are the
control and status registers in I2C mode operation. The
SSPxCON1 and SSPxCON2 registers are readable and
writable. The lower 6 bits of the SSPxSTAT are
read-only. The upper two bits of the SSPxSTAT are
read/write.
The user must configure these pins as inputs by setting
the associated TRIS bits.
FIGURE 19-7:
MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM
(I2C™ MODE)
SSPxSR is the shift register used for shifting data in or
out. SSPxBUF is the buffer register to which data
bytes are written to or read from.
Internal
Data Bus
SSPxADD register holds the slave device address
when the MSSP is configured in I2C Slave mode.
When the MSSP is configured in Master mode, the
lower seven bits of SSPxADD act as the Baud Rate
Generator reload value.
Read
Write
SSPxBUF reg
SCLx
SDAx
Shift
Clock
In receive operations, SSPxSR and SSPxBUF
together create a double-buffered receiver. When
SSPxSR receives a complete byte, it is transferred to
SSPxBUF and the SSPxIF interrupt is set.
SSPxSR reg
LSb
MSb
During transmission, the SSPxBUF is not
double-buffered. A write to SSPxBUF will write to both
SSPxBUF and SSPxSR.
Match Detect
Addr Match
Address Mask
SSPxADD reg
Set, Reset
Start and
Stop bit Detect
S, P bits
(SSPxSTAT reg)
Note: Only port I/O names are used in this diagram for
the sake of brevity. Refer to the text for a full list of
multiplexed functions.
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REGISTER 19-3: SSPxSTAT: MSSPx STATUS REGISTER (I2C™ MODE)
R/W-0
SMP
R/W-0
CKE
R-0
D/A
R-0
P(1)
R-0
S(1)
R-0
R/W(2,3)
R-0
UA
R-0
BF
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
SMP: Slew Rate Control bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1 = Slew rate control disabled for Standard Speed mode (100 kHz and 1 MHz)
0 = Slew rate control enabled for High-Speed mode (400 kHz)
CKE: SMBus Select bit
In Master or Slave mode:
1= Enable SMBus specific inputs
0= Disable SMBus specific inputs
D/A: Data/Address bit
In Master mode:
Reserved.
In Slave mode:
1= Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was data
0= Indicates that the last byte received or transmitted was address
bit 4
bit 3
bit 2
P: Stop bit(1)
1= Indicates that a Stop bit has been detected last
0= Stop bit was not detected last
S: Start bit(1)
1= Indicates that a Start bit has been detected last
0= Start bit was not detected last
R/W: Read/Write Information bit(2,3)
In Slave mode:
1= Read
0= Write
In Master mode:
1= Transmit is in progress
0= Transmit is not in progress
bit 1
bit 0
UA: Update Address bit (10-Bit Slave mode only)
1= Indicates that the user needs to update the address in the SSPxADD register
0= Address does not need to be updated
BF: Buffer Full Status bit
In Transmit mode:
1= SSPxBUF is full
0= SSPxBUF is empty
In Receive mode:
1= SSPxBUF is full (does not include the ACK and Stop bits)
0= SSPxBUF is empty (does not include the ACK and Stop bits)
Note 1: This bit is cleared on Reset and when SSPEN is cleared.
2: This bit holds the R/W bit information following the last address match. This bit is only valid from the
address match to the next Start bit, Stop bit or not ACK bit.
3: ORing this bit with SEN, RSEN, PEN, RCEN or ACKEN will indicate if the MSSPx is in Active mode.
DS39663F-page 204
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REGISTER 19-4: SSPxCON1: MSSPx CONTROL REGISTER 1 (I2C™ MODE)
R/W-0
WCOL
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
CKP
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SSPOV
SSPEN
SSPM3
SSPM2
SSPM1
SSPM0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
WCOL: Write Collision Detect bit
In Master Transmit mode:
1= A write to the SSPxBUF register was attempted while the I2C conditions were not valid for a
transmission to be started (must be cleared in software)
0= No collision
In Slave Transmit mode:
1= The SSPxBUF register is written while it is still transmitting the previous word (must be cleared in
software)
0= No collision
In Receive mode (Master or Slave modes):
This is a “don’t care” bit.
bit 6
SSPOV: Receive Overflow Indicator bit
In Receive mode:
1= A byte is received while the SSPxBUF register is still holding the previous byte (must be cleared
in software)
0= No overflow
In Transmit mode:
This is a “don’t care” bit in Transmit mode.
bit 5
bit 4
SSPEN: Master Synchronous Serial Port Enable bit
1= Enables the serial port and configures the SDAx and SCLx pins as the serial port pins(1)
0= Disables serial port and configures these pins as I/O port pins(1)
CKP: SCKx Release Control bit
In Slave mode:
1= Release clock
0= Holds clock low (clock stretch); used to ensure data setup time
In Master mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 3-0
SSPM<3:0>: Master Synchronous Serial Port Mode Select bits
1111= I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled(2)
1110= I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address with Start and Stop bit interrupts enabled(2)
1011= I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode (slave Idle)(2)
1000= I2C Master mode, clock = FOSC/(4 * (SSPADD + 1))(2)
0111= I2C Slave mode, 10-bit address(2)
0110= I2C Slave mode, 7-bit address(2)
Note 1: When enabled, the SDAx and SCLx pins must be properly configured as input or output.
2: Bit combinations not specifically listed here are either reserved or implemented in SPI mode only.
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REGISTER 19-5: SSPxCON2: MSSPx CONTROL REGISTER 2 (I2C™ MODE)
R/W-0
GCEN
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
SEN(2)
ACKSTAT
ACKDT/
ACKEN/
ADMSK4
RCEN/
ADMSK3
PEN/
ADMSK2
RSEN/
ADMSK1
ADMSK5(1)
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
GCEN: General Call Enable bit (Slave mode only)
1= Enable interrupt when a general call address (0000h) is received in the SSPxSR
0= General call address disabled
ACKSTAT: Acknowledge Status bit (Master Transmit mode only)
1= Acknowledge was not received from slave
0= Acknowledge was received from slave
ACKDT/ADMSK5: Acknowledge Data bit (Master Receive mode only)(1)
In Master Receive mode:
1= Not Acknowledge
0= Acknowledge
In Slave mode:
1= Address masking of ADD5 enabled
0= Address masking of ADD5 disabled
bit 4
ACKEN/ADMSK4: Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit
In Master Receive mode:(2)
1= Initiate Acknowledge sequence on SDAx and SCLx pins and transmit ACKDT data bit.
Automatically cleared by hardware.
0= Acknowledge sequence Idle
In Slave mode:
1= Address masking of ADD4 enabled
0= Address masking of ADD4 disabled
bit 3
RCEN/ADMSK3: Receive Enable bit (Master Receive mode only)
In Master Receive mode:(2)
1= Enables Receive mode for I2C
0= Receive Idle
In Slave mode:
1= Address masking of ADD3 enabled
0= Address masking of ADD3 disabled
bit 2
PEN/ADMSK2: Stop Condition Enable bit
In Master mode:(2)
1= Initiate Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0= Stop condition Idle
In Slave mode:
1= Address masking of ADD2 enabled
0= Address masking of ADD2 disabled
Note 1: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive.
2: For bits, ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is active, these bits may not be set (no
spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written (or writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled).
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REGISTER 19-5: SSPxCON2: MSSPx CONTROL REGISTER 2 (I2C™ MODE) (CONTINUED)
bit 1
RSEN/ADMSK1: Repeated Start Condition Enable bit
In Master mode:(2)
1= Initiate Repeated Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0= Repeated Start condition Idle
In Slave mode (7-Bit Addressing mode):
1= Address masking of ADD1 enabled
0= Address masking of ADD1 disabled
In Slave mode (10-Bit Addressing mode):
1= Address masking of ADD1 and ADD0 enabled
0= Address masking of ADD1 and ADD0 disabled
bit 0
SEN: Start Condition Enable/Stretch Enable bit(2)
In Master mode:
1= Initiate Start condition on SDAx and SCLx pins. Automatically cleared by hardware.
0= Start condition Idle
In Slave mode:
1= Clock stretching is enabled for both slave transmit and slave receive (stretch enabled)
0= Clock stretching is disabled
Note 1: Value that will be transmitted when the user initiates an Acknowledge sequence at the end of a receive.
2: For bits, ACKEN, RCEN, PEN, RSEN, SEN: If the I2C module is active, these bits may not be set (no
spooling) and the SSPxBUF may not be written (or writes to the SSPxBUF are disabled).
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REGISTER 19-6: SSPxADD: MSSP1 and MSSP2 ADDRESS REGISTER(1)
R/W-0
ADD7
R/W-0
ADD6
R/W-0
ADD5
R/W-0
ADD4
R/W-0
ADD3
R/W-0
ADD2
R/W-0
ADD1
R/W-0
ADD0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-0
ADD<7:0>: MSSP Address bits
Note 1: MSSP1 and MSSP2 Address register in I2C Slave mode. MSSP1 and MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload register
in I2C Master mode.
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19.4.2
OPERATION
19.4.3.1
Addressing
The MSSP module functions are enabled by setting
MSSP Enable bit, SSPEN (SSPxCON1<5>).
The SSPxCON1 register allows control of the I2C
operation. Four mode selection bits (SSPxCON1<3:0>)
allow one of the following I2C modes to be selected:
• I2C Master mode, clock
• I2C Slave mode (7-bit addressing)
• I2C Slave mode (10-bit addressing)
Once the MSSP module has been enabled, it waits for
a Start condition to occur. Following the Start condition,
the 8 bits are shifted into the SSPxSR register. All
incoming bits are sampled with the rising edge of the
clock (SCLx) line. The value of register, SSPxSR<7:1>,
is compared to the value of the SSPxADD register. The
address is compared on the falling edge of the eighth
clock (SCLx) pulse. If the addresses match and the BF
and SSPOV bits are clear, the following events occur:
• I2C Slave mode (7-bit addressing) with Start and
Stop bit interrupts enabled
• I2C Slave mode (10-bit addressing) with Start and
Stop bit interrupts enabled
• I2C Firmware Controlled Master mode, slave is
Idle
Selection of any I2C mode with the SSPEN bit set
forces the SCLx and SDAx pins to be open-drain,
provided these pins are programmed as inputs by
setting the appropriate TRISC or TRISD bits. To ensure
proper operation of the module, pull-up resistors must
be provided externally to the SCLx and SDAx pins.
1. The SSPxSR register value is loaded into the
SSPxBUF register.
2. The Buffer Full bit, BF, is set.
3. An ACK pulse is generated.
4. The MSSP Interrupt Flag bit, SSPxIF, is set (and
interrupt is generated, if enabled) on the falling
edge of the ninth SCLx pulse.
In 10-Bit Addressing mode, two address bytes need to
be received by the slave. The five Most Significant bits
(MSbs) of the first address byte specify if this is a 10-bit
address. Bit, R/W (SSPxSTAT<2>), must specify a
write so the slave device will receive the second
address byte. For a 10-bit address, the first byte would
equal ‘11110 A9 A8 0’, where ‘A9’ and ‘A8’ are the
two MSbs of the address. The sequence of events for
10-bit addressing is as follows, with steps 7 through 9
for the slave-transmitter:
19.4.3
SLAVE MODE
In Slave mode, the SCLx and SDAx pins must be
configured as inputs (TRISC<4:3> set). The MSSP
module will override the input state with the output data
when required (slave-transmitter).
The I2C Slave mode hardware will always generate an
interrupt on an address match. Address masking will
allow the hardware to generate an interrupt for more
than one address (up to 31 in 7-bit addressing and up
to 63 in 10-bit addressing). Through the mode select
bits, the user can also choose to interrupt on Start and
Stop bits.
1. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits,
SSPxIF, BF and UA, are set on address match).
2. Update the SSPxADD register with second (low)
byte of address (clears bit, UA, and releases the
SCLx line).
3. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and
clear flag bit, SSPxIF.
4. Receive second (low) byte of address (bits,
SSPxIF, BF and UA, are set).
When an address is matched, or the data transfer after
an address match is received, the hardware auto-
matically will generate the Acknowledge (ACK) pulse
and load the SSPxBUF register with the received value
currently in the SSPxSR register.
5. Update the SSPxADD register with the first
(high) byte of address. If match releases the
SCLx line, this will clear bit, UA.
6. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and
clear flag bit, SSPxIF.
Any combination of the following conditions will cause
the MSSP module not to give this ACK pulse:
7. Receive Repeated Start condition.
• The Buffer Full bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>), was set
before the transfer was received.
8. Receive first (high) byte of address (bits,
SSPxIF and BF, are set).
• The overflow bit, SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>), was
set before the transfer was received.
9. Read the SSPxBUF register (clears bit, BF) and
clear flag bit, SSPxIF.
In this case, the SSPxSR register value is not loaded
into the SSPxBUF, but bit, SSPxIF, is set. The BF bit is
cleared by reading the SSPxBUF register, while bit,
SSPOV, is cleared through software.
The SCLx clock input must have a minimum high and
low for proper operation. The high and low times of the
I2C specification, as well as the requirement of the
MSSP module, are shown in timing parameter 100 and
parameter 101.
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DS39663F-page 209
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• 10-Bit Addressing mode
19.4.3.2
Address Masking
Address Mask bits, ADMSK<5:2>, mask the
corresponding address bits in the SSPxADD
register. In addition, ADMSK<1> simultaneously
masks the two LSBs of the address, ADD<1:0>.
For any ADMSK bits that are active
(ADMSK<x> = 1), the corresponding address bit is
ignored (ADD<x> = x). Also note, that although in
10-Bit Addressing mode, the upper address bits
reuse part of the SSPxADD register bits; the
address mask bits do not interact with those bits.
They only affect the lower address bits.
Masking an address bit causes that bit to become a
“don’t care”. When one address bit is masked, two
addresses will be Acknowledged and cause an
interrupt. It is possible to mask more than one address
bit at a time, which makes it possible to Acknowledge
up to 31 addresses in 7-bit mode and up to
63 addresses in 10-bit mode (see Example 19-2).
The I2C slave behaves the same way whether address
masking is used or not. However, when address
masking is used, the I2C slave can Acknowledge
multiple addresses and cause interrupts. When this
occurs, it is necessary to determine which address
caused the interrupt by checking SSPxBUF.
Note 1: ADMSK<1> masks the two Least
Significant bits of the address.
• 7-Bit Addressing mode
2: The two Most Significant bits of the
address are not affected by address
masking.
Address Mask bits, ADMSK<5:1>, mask the
corresponding address bits in the SSPxADD
register. For any ADMSK bits that are active
(ADMSK<x> = 1), the corresponding address bit is
ignored (ADD<x> = x). For the module to issue an
address Acknowledge, it is sufficient to match only
on addresses that do not have an active address
mask.
EXAMPLE 19-2:
7-Bit Addressing:
SSPxADD<7:1> = 1010 0000
ADMSK<5:1> = 00 111
ADDRESS MASKING
Addresses Acknowledged = 0xA0, 0xA2, 0xA4, 0xA6
0xA8, 0xAA, 0xAC, 0xAE
10-Bit Addressing:
SSPxADD<7:0> = 1010 0000(The two MSbs are ignored in this example since they are not affected.)
ADMSK<5:1>
= 00 111
Addresses Acknowledged = 0xA0, 0xA1, 0xA2, 0xA3
0xA4, 0xA5, 0xA6, 0xA7
0xA8, 0xA9, 0xAA 0xAB
0xAC, 0xAD, 0xAE, 0xAF
The upper two bits are not affected by the address masking.
DS39663F-page 210
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19.4.3.3
Reception
19.4.3.4
Transmission
When the R/W bit of the address byte is clear and an
address match occurs, the R/W bit of the SSPxSTAT
register is cleared. The received address is loaded into
the SSPxBUF register and the SDAx line is held low
(ACK).
When the R/W bit of the incoming address byte is set
and an address match occurs, the R/W bit of the
SSPxSTAT register is set. The received address is
loaded into the SSPxBUF register. The ACK pulse will
be sent on the ninth bit and the SCLx pin is held low
regardless of SEN (see Section 19.4.4 “Clock
Stretching” for more detail). By stretching the clock,
the master will be unable to assert another clock pulse
until the slave is done preparing the transmit data. The
transmit data must be loaded into the SSPxBUF regis-
ter which also loads the SSPxSR register. Then pin,
SCLx, should be enabled by setting bit, CKP
(SSPxCON1<4>). The eight data bits are shifted out on
the falling edge of the SCLx input. This ensures that the
SDAx signal is valid during the SCLx high time
(Figure 19-10).
When the address byte overflow condition exists, then
the no Acknowledge (ACK) pulse is given. An overflow
condition is defined as either bit, BF (SSPxSTAT<0>),
is set, or bit, SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>), is set.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. The interrupt flag bit, SSPxIF, must be cleared in
software. The SSPxSTAT register is used to determine
the status of the byte.
If SEN is enabled (SSPxCON2<0> = 1), SCLx will be
held low (clock stretch) following each data transfer. The
clock must be released by setting bit, CKP
The ACK pulse from the master-receiver is latched on
the rising edge of the ninth SCLx input pulse. If the
SDAx line is high (not ACK), then the data transfer is
complete. In this case, when the ACK is latched by the
slave, the slave logic is reset and the slave monitors for
another occurrence of the Start bit. If the SDAx line was
low (ACK), the next transmit data must be loaded into
the SSPxBUF register. Again, pin, SCLx, must be
enabled by setting bit, CKP.
(SSPxCON1<4>).
See
Section 19.4.4
“Clock
Stretching” for more detail.
An MSSP interrupt is generated for each data transfer
byte. The SSPxIF bit must be cleared in software and
the SSPxSTAT register is used to determine the status
of the byte. The SSPxIF bit is set on the falling edge of
the ninth clock pulse.
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2
FIGURE 19-8:
I C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)
DS39663F-page 212
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2
FIGURE 19-9:
I C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 AND ADMSK<5:1> = 01011
(RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)
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2
FIGURE 19-10:
I C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)
DS39663F-page 214
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FIGURE 19-11:
I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 AND ADMSK<5:1> = 01001
(RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)
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FIGURE 19-12:
I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 0 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)
DS39663F-page 216
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2
FIGURE 19-13:
I C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING (TRANSMISSION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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19.4.4
CLOCK STRETCHING
19.4.4.3
Clock Stretching for 7-Bit Slave
Transmit Mode
Both 7-Bit and 10-Bit Slave modes implement
automatic clock stretching during a transmit sequence.
The 7-Bit Slave Transmit mode implements clock
stretching by clearing the CKP bit after the falling edge
of the ninth clock if the BF bit is clear. This occurs
regardless of the state of the SEN bit.
The SEN bit (SSPxCON2<0>) allows clock stretching
to be enabled during receives. Setting SEN will cause
the SCLx pin to be held low at the end of each data
receive sequence.
The user’s ISR must set the CKP bit before transmis-
sion is allowed to continue. By holding the SCLx line
low, the user has time to service the ISR and load the
contents of the SSPxBUF before the master device
can initiate another transmit sequence (see
Figure 19-10).
19.4.4.1
Clock Stretching for 7-Bit Slave
Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 7-Bit Slave Receive mode, on the falling edge of the
ninth clock at the end of the ACK sequence, if the BF
bit is set, the CKP bit in the SSPxCON1 register is
automatically cleared, forcing the SCLx output to be
held low. The CKP being cleared to ‘0’ will assert the
SCLx line low. The CKP bit must be set in the user’s
ISR before reception is allowed to continue. By holding
the SCLx line low, the user has time to service the ISR
and read the contents of the SSPxBUF before the
master device can initiate another receive sequence.
This will prevent buffer overruns from occurring (see
Figure 19-15).
Note 1: If the user loads the contents of
SSPxBUF, setting the BF bit before the
falling edge of the ninth clock, the CKP bit
will not be cleared and clock stretching
will not occur.
2: The CKP bit can be set in software
regardless of the state of the BF bit.
19.4.4.4
Clock Stretching for 10-Bit Slave
Transmit Mode
Note 1: If the user reads the contents of the
SSPxBUF before the falling edge of the
ninth clock, the BF bit will be cleared. The
CKP bit will not be cleared and clock
stretching will not occur.
In 10-Bit Slave Transmit mode, clock stretching is
controlled during the first two address sequences by
the state of the UA bit, just as it is in 10-Bit Slave
Receive mode. The first two addresses are followed
by a third address sequence which contains the
high-order bits of the 10-bit address and the R/W bit
set to ‘1’. After the third address sequence is
performed, the UA bit is not set, the module is now
configured in Transmit mode and clock stretching is
controlled by the BF flag as in 7-Bit Slave Transmit
mode (see Figure 19-13).
2: The CKP bit can be set in software
regardless of the state of the BF bit. The
user should be careful to clear the BF bit
in the ISR before the next receive
sequence in order to prevent an overflow
condition.
19.4.4.2
Clock Stretching for 10-Bit Slave
Receive Mode (SEN = 1)
In 10-Bit Slave Receive mode during the address
sequence, clock stretching automatically takes place
but CKP is not cleared. During this time, if the UA bit is
set after the ninth clock, clock stretching is initiated.
The UA bit is set after receiving the upper byte of the
10-bit address and following the receive of the second
byte of the 10-bit address with the R/W bit cleared to
‘0’. The release of the clock line occurs upon updating
SSPxADD. Clock stretching will occur on each data
receive sequence as described in 7-bit mode.
Note:
If the user polls the UA bit and clears it by
updating the SSPxADD register before the
falling edge of the ninth clock occurs, and
if the user hasn’t cleared the BF bit by
reading the SSPxBUF register before that
time, then the CKP bit will still NOT be
asserted low. Clock stretching on the basis
of the state of the BF bit only occurs during
a
data sequence, not an address
sequence.
DS39663F-page 218
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already asserted the SCLx line. The SCLx output will
remain low until the CKP bit is set and all other
devices on the I2C bus have deasserted SCLx. This
ensures that a write to the CKP bit will not violate the
minimum high time requirement for SCLx (see
Figure 19-14).
19.4.4.5
Clock Synchronization and
the CKP Bit
When the CKP bit is cleared, the SCLx output is forced
to ‘0’. However, clearing the CKP bit will not assert the
SCLx output low until the SCLx output is already
sampled low. Therefore, the CKP bit will not assert the
SCLx line until an external I2C master device has
FIGURE 19-14:
CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION TIMING
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
SDAx
SCLx
DX – 1
DX
Master device
asserts clock
CKP
Master device
deasserts clock
WR
SSPxCON1
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FIGURE 19-15:
I C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)
DS39663F-page 220
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FIGURE 19-16:
I2C™ SLAVE MODE TIMING WITH SEN = 1 (RECEPTION, 10-BIT ADDRESSING)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 221
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If the general call address matches, the SSPxSR is
transferred to the SSPxBUF, the BF flag bit is set
(eighth bit) and on the falling edge of the ninth bit (ACK
bit), the SSPxIF interrupt flag bit is set.
19.4.5
GENERAL CALL ADDRESS
SUPPORT
The addressing procedure for the I2C bus is such that
the first byte after the Start condition usually
determines which device will be the slave addressed by
the master. The exception is the general call address
which can address all devices. When this address is
used, all devices should, in theory, respond with an
Acknowledge.
When the interrupt is serviced, the source for the
interrupt can be checked by reading the contents of the
SSPxBUF. The value can be used to determine if the
address was device specific or a general call address.
In 10-bit mode, the SSPxADD is required to be updated
for the second half of the address to match and the UA
bit is set (SSPxSTAT<1>). If the general call address is
sampled when the GCEN bit is set, while the slave is
configured in 10-Bit Addressing mode, then the second
half of the address is not necessary, the UA bit will not
be set and the slave will begin receiving data after the
Acknowledge (Figure 19-17).
The general call address is one of eight addresses
reserved for specific purposes by the I2C protocol. It
consists of all ‘0’s with R/W = 0.
The general call address is recognized when the
General Call Enable bit, GCEN, is enabled
(SSPxCON2<7> set). Following a Start bit detect, 8 bits
are shifted into the SSPxSR and the address is
compared against the SSPxADD. It is also compared to
the general call address and fixed in hardware.
FIGURE 19-17:
SLAVE MODE GENERAL CALL ADDRESS SEQUENCE
(7 OR 10-BIT ADDRESSING MODE)
Address is compared to General Call Address
after ACK, set interrupt
Receiving Data
ACK
R/W = 0
General Call Address
SDAx
SCLx
ACK D7 D6
D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
S
SSPxIF
BF (SSPxSTAT<0>)
Cleared in software
SSPxBUF is read
SSPOV (SSPxCON1<6>)
GCEN (SSPxCON2<7>)
‘0’
‘1’
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19.4.6
MASTER MODE
Note:
The MSSP module, when configured in
I2C Master mode, does not allow queueing
of events. For instance, the user is not
allowed to initiate a Start condition and
immediately write the SSPxBUF register to
initiate transmission before the Start condi-
tion is complete. In this case, the
SSPxBUF will not be written to and the
WCOL bit will be set, indicating that a write
to the SSPxBUF did not occur.
Master mode is enabled by setting and clearing the
appropriate SSPM bits in SSPxCON1 and by setting
the SSPEN bit. In Master mode, the SCLx and SDAx
lines are manipulated by the MSSP hardware if the
TRIS bits are set.
Master mode of operation is supported by interrupt
generation on the detection of the Start and Stop con-
ditions. The Stop (P) and Start (S) bits are cleared from
a Reset or when the MSSP module is disabled. Control
of the I2C bus may be taken when the P bit is set, or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear.
The following events will cause the MSSP Interrupt
Flag bit, SSPxIF, to be set (and MSSP interrupt, if
enabled):
In Firmware Controlled Master mode, user code
conducts all I2C bus operations based on Start and
Stop bit conditions.
• Start condition
• Stop condition
Once Master mode is enabled, the user has six
options.
• Data transfer byte transmitted/received
• Acknowledge transmit
• Repeated Start
1. Assert a Start condition on SDAx and SCLx.
2. Assert a Repeated Start condition on SDAx and
SCLx.
3. Write to the SSPxBUF register initiating
transmission of data/address.
4. Configure the I2C port to receive data.
5. Generate an Acknowledge condition at the end
of a received byte of data.
6. Generate a Stop condition on SDAx and SCLx.
2
FIGURE 19-18:
MSSP BLOCK DIAGRAM (I C™ MASTER MODE)
Internal
Data Bus
SSPM<3:0>
SSPxADD<6:0>
Read
Write
SSPxBUF
SSPxSR
Baud
Rate
Generator
SDAx
Shift
Clock
SDAx In
MSb
LSb
Start bit, Stop bit,
Acknowledge
Generate
SCLx
Start bit Detect
Stop bit Detect
Write Collision Detect
Clock Arbitration
State Counter for
end of XMIT/RCV
SCLx In
Bus Collision
Set/Reset S, P (SSPxSTAT), WCOL (SSPxCON1)
Set SSPxIF, BCLxIF
Reset ACKSTAT, PEN (SSPxCON2)
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I2C Master Mode Operation
A typical transmit sequence would go as follows:
19.4.6.1
1. The user generates a Start condition by setting
the Start Enable bit, SEN (SSPxCON2<0>).
The master device generates all of the serial clock
pulses and the Start and Stop conditions. A transfer is
ended with a Stop condition or with a Repeated Start
condition. Since the Repeated Start condition is also
the beginning of the next serial transfer, the I2C bus will
not be released.
2. SSPxIF is set. The MSSP module will wait the
required start time before any other operation
takes place.
3. The user loads the SSPxBUF with the slave
address to transmit.
In Master Transmitter mode, serial data is output
through SDAx, while SCLx outputs the serial clock. The
first byte transmitted contains the slave address of the
receiving device (7 bits) and the Read/Write (R/W) bit.
In this case, the R/W bit will be logic ‘0’. Serial data is
transmitted 8 bits at a time. After each byte is transmit-
ted, an Acknowledge bit is received. Start and Stop
conditions are output to indicate the beginning and the
end of a serial transfer.
4. Address is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits
are transmitted.
5. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
slave device and writes its value into the
SSPxCON2 register (SSPxCON2<6>).
6. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the
SSPxIF bit.
In Master Receive mode, the first byte transmitted
contains the slave address of the transmitting device
(7 bits) and the R/W bit. In this case, the R/W bit will be
logic ‘1’. Thus, the first byte transmitted is a 7-bit slave
address, followed by a ‘1’ to indicate the receive bit.
Serial data is received via SDAx, while SCLx outputs
the serial clock. Serial data is received 8 bits at a time.
After each byte is received, an Acknowledge bit is
transmitted. Start and Stop conditions indicate the
beginning and end of transmission.
7. The user loads the SSPxBUF with eight bits of
data.
8. Data is shifted out the SDAx pin until all 8 bits
are transmitted.
9. The MSSP module shifts in the ACK bit from the
slave device and writes its value into the
SSPxCON2 register (SSPxCON2<6>).
10. The MSSP module generates an interrupt at the
end of the ninth clock cycle by setting the
SSPxIF bit.
The Baud Rate Generator used for the SPI mode
operation is used to set the SCLx clock frequency for
either 100 kHz, 400 kHz or 1 MHz I2C operation. See
Section 19.4.7 “Baud Rate” for more detail.
11. The user generates a Stop condition by setting
the Stop Enable bit, PEN (SSPxCON2<2>).
12. Interrupt is generated once the Stop condition is
complete.
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19.4.7
BAUD RATE
19.4.7.1
Baud Rate and Module
Interdependence
In I2C Master mode, the Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
reload value is placed in the lower 7 bits of the
SSPxADD register (Figure 19-19). When a write
occurs to SSPxBUF, the Baud Rate Generator will
automatically begin counting. The BRG counts down to
0 and stops until another reload has taken place. The
BRG count is decremented twice per instruction cycle
(TCY) on the Q2 and Q4 clocks. In I2C Master mode, the
BRG is reloaded automatically.
Because MSSP1 and MSSP2 are independent, they
can operate simultaneously in I2C Master mode at
different baud rates. This is done by using different
BRG reload values for each module.
Because this mode derives its basic clock source from
the system clock, any changes to the clock will affect
both modules in the same proportion. It may be
possible to change one or both baud rates back to a
previous value by changing the BRG reload value.
Once the given operation is complete (i.e., transmis-
sion of the last data bit is followed by ACK), the internal
clock will automatically stop counting and the SCLx pin
will remain in its last state.
Table 19-3 demonstrates clock rates based on
instruction cycles and the BRG value loaded into
SSPxADD.
FIGURE 19-19:
BAUD RATE GENERATOR BLOCK DIAGRAM
SSPM<3:0>
SSPxADD<6:0>
SSPM<3:0>
SCLx
Reload
Control
Reload
BRG Down Counter
CLKO
FOSC/4
TABLE 19-3: I2C™ CLOCK RATE w/BRG
FSCL
FOSC
FCY
FCY * 2
BRG Value
(2 Rollovers of BRG)
40 MHz
40 MHz
40 MHz
16 MHz
16 MHz
16 MHz
4 MHz
10 MHz
10 MHz
10 MHz
4 MHz
4 MHz
4 MHz
1 MHz
1 MHz
1 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
8 MHz
8 MHz
8 MHz
2 MHz
2 MHz
2 MHz
18h
1Fh
63h
09h
0Ch
27h
02h
09h
00h
400 kHz
312.5 kHz
100 kHz
400 kHz
308 kHz
100 kHz
333 kHz
100 kHz
1 MHz
4 MHz
4 MHz
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SCLx pin is sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is
reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and
begins counting. This ensures that the SCLx high time
will always be at least one BRG rollover count in the
event that the clock is held low by an external device
(Figure 19-20).
19.4.7.2
Clock Arbitration
Clock arbitration occurs when the master, during any
receive, transmit or Repeated Start/Stop condition,
deasserts the SCLx pin (SCLx allowed to float high).
When the SCLx pin is allowed to float high, the Baud
Rate Generator (BRG) is suspended from counting
until the SCLx pin is actually sampled high. When the
FIGURE 19-20:
BAUD RATE GENERATOR TIMING WITH CLOCK ARBITRATION
SDAx
DX
DX – 1
SCLx allowed to transition high
SCLx deasserted but slave holds
SCLx low (clock arbitration)
SCLx
BRG decrements on
Q2 and Q4 cycles
BRG
Value
03h
02h
01h
00h (hold off)
03h
02h
SCLx is sampled high, reload takes
place and BRG starts its count
BRG
Reload
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19.4.8
I2C MASTER MODE START
CONDITION TIMING
Note:
If at the beginning of the Start condition, the
SDAx and SCLx pins are already sampled
low, or if during the Start condition, the
SCLx line is sampled low before the SDAx
line is driven low, a bus collision occurs, the
Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF, is set,
the Start condition is aborted and the I2C
module is reset into its Idle state.
To initiate a Start condition, the user sets the Start
Enable bit, SEN (SSPxCON2<0>). If the SDAx and
SCLx pins are sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator
is reloaded with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and
starts its count. If SCLx and SDAx are both sampled
high when the Baud Rate Generator times out (TBRG),
the SDAx pin is driven low. The action of the SDAx
being driven low while SCLx is high is the Start condi-
tion and causes the S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) to be set.
Following this, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded
with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and resumes its
count. When the Baud Rate Generator times out
(TBRG), the SEN bit (SSPxCON2<0>) will be auto-
matically cleared by hardware; the Baud Rate Generator
is suspended, leaving the SDAx line held low and the
Start condition is complete.
19.4.8.1
WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Start sequence
is in progress, the WCOL bit is set and the contents of
the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
Note:
Because queueing of events is not
allowed, writing to the lower 5 bits of
SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Start
condition is complete.
FIGURE 19-21:
FIRST START BIT TIMING
Set S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>)
Write to SEN bit occurs here
SDAx = 1,
At completion of Start bit,
hardware clears SEN bit
and sets SSPxIF bit
SCLx = 1
TBRG
TBRG
Write to SSPxBUF occurs here
2nd bit
1st bit
SDAx
TBRG
SCLx
TBRG
S
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19.4.9
I2C MASTER MODE REPEATED
START CONDITION TIMING
Note 1: If RSEN is programmed while any other
event is in progress, it will not take effect.
A Repeated Start condition occurs when the RSEN bit
(SSPxCON2<1>) is programmed high and the I2C logic
module is in the Idle state. When the RSEN bit is set,
the SCLx pin is asserted low. When the SCLx pin is
sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with
the contents of SSPxADD<5:0> and begins counting.
The SDAx pin is released (brought high) for one Baud
Rate Generator count (TBRG). When the Baud Rate
Generator times out, if SDAx is sampled high, the SCLx
pin will be deasserted (brought high). When SCLx is
sampled high, the Baud Rate Generator is reloaded
with the contents of SSPxADD<6:0> and begins
counting. SDAx and SCLx must be sampled high for
one TBRG. This action is then followed by assertion of
the SDAx pin (SDAx = 0) for one TBRG while SCLx is
high. Following this, the RSEN bit (SSPxCON2<1>) will
be automatically cleared and the Baud Rate Generator
will not be reloaded, leaving the SDAx pin held low. As
soon as a Start condition is detected on the SDAx and
SCLx pins, the S bit (SSPxSTAT<3>) will be set. The
SSPxIF bit will not be set until the Baud Rate Generator
has timed out.
2: A bus collision during the Repeated Start
condition occurs if:
• SDAx is sampled low when SCLx
goes from low-to-high.
• SCLx goes low before SDAx is
asserted low. This may indicate that
another master is attempting to
transmit a data ‘1’.
Immediately following the SSPxIF bit getting set, the
user may write the SSPxBUF with the 7-bit address in
7-bit mode or the default first address in 10-bit mode.
After the first eight bits are transmitted and an ACK is
received, the user may then transmit an additional eight
bits of address (10-bit mode) or eight bits of data (7-bit
mode).
19.4.9.1
WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Repeated Start
sequence is in progress, the WCOL is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).
Note:
Because queueing of events is not
allowed, writing of the lower 5 bits of
SSPxCON2 is disabled until the Repeated
Start condition is complete.
FIGURE 19-22:
REPEATED START CONDITION WAVEFORM
S bit set by hardware
SDAx = 1,
SCLx = 1
At completion of Start bit,
hardware clears RSEN bit
and sets SSPxIF
Write to SSPxCON2 occurs here:
SDAx = 1,
SCLx (no change).
TBRG TBRG
TBRG
1st bit
SDAx
RSEN bit set by hardware
on falling edge of ninth clock,
end of Xmit
Write to SSPxBUF occurs here
TBRG
SCLx
TBRG
Sr = Repeated Start
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19.4.10 I2C MASTER MODE TRANSMISSION
The user should verify that the WCOL bit is clear after
each write to SSPxBUF to ensure the transfer is correct.
In all cases, WCOL must be cleared in software.
Transmission of a data byte, a 7-bit address, or the
other half of a 10-bit address, is accomplished by sim-
ply writing a value to the SSPxBUF register. This action
will set the Buffer Full flag bit, BF, and allow the Baud
Rate Generator to begin counting and start the next
transmission. Each bit of address/data will be shifted
out onto the SDAx pin after the falling edge of SCLx is
asserted (see data hold time specification
parameter 106). SCLx is held low for one Baud Rate
Generator rollover count (TBRG). Data should be valid
before SCLx is released high (see data setup time
specification parameter 107). When the SCLx pin is
released high, it is held that way for TBRG. The data on
the SDAx pin must remain stable for that duration and
some hold time after the next falling edge of SCLx.
After the eighth bit is shifted out (the falling edge of the
eighth clock), the BF flag is cleared and the master
releases SDAx. This allows the slave device being
addressed to respond with an ACK bit during the ninth
bit time if an address match occurred, or if data was
received properly. The status of ACK is written into the
ACKDT bit on the falling edge of the ninth clock. If the
master receives an Acknowledge, the Acknowledge
Status bit, ACKSTAT, is cleared; if not, the bit is set.
After the ninth clock, the SSPxIF bit is set and the
master clock (Baud Rate Generator) is suspended until
the next data byte is loaded into the SSPxBUF, leaving
SCLx low and SDAx unchanged (Figure 19-23).
19.4.10.3 ACKSTAT Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the ACKSTAT bit (SSPxCON2<6>)
is cleared when the slave has sent an Acknowledge
(ACK = 0) and is set when the slave does not Acknowl-
edge (ACK = 1). A slave sends an Acknowledge when
it has recognized its address (including a general call),
or when the slave has properly received its data.
19.4.11 I2C MASTER MODE RECEPTION
Master mode reception is enabled by programming the
Receive Enable bit, RCEN (SSPxCON2<3>).
Note:
The MSSP module must be in an inactive
state before the RCEN bit is set or the
RCEN bit will be disregarded.
The Baud Rate Generator begins counting and on each
rollover, the state of the SCLx pin changes
(high-to-low/low-to-high) and data is shifted into the
SSPxSR. After the falling edge of the eighth clock, the
receive enable flag is automatically cleared, the con-
tents of the SSPxSR are loaded into the SSPxBUF, the
BF flag bit is set, the SSPxIF flag bit is set and the Baud
Rate Generator is suspended from counting, holding
SCLx low. The MSSP is now in Idle state awaiting the
next command. When the buffer is read by the CPU,
the BF flag bit is automatically cleared. The user can
then send an Acknowledge bit at the end of reception
by setting the Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit,
ACKEN (SSPxCON2<4>).
After the write to the SSPxBUF, each bit of the address
will be shifted out on the falling edge of SCLx until all
seven address bits and the R/W bit are completed. On
the falling edge of the eighth clock, the master will
deassert the SDAx pin, allowing the slave to respond
with an Acknowledge. On the falling edge of the ninth
clock, the master will sample the SDAx pin to see if the
address was recognized by a slave. The status of the
ACK bit is loaded into the ACKSTAT status bit
(SSPxCON2<6>). Following the falling edge of the
ninth clock transmission of the address, the SSPxIF is
set, the BF flag is cleared and the Baud Rate Generator
is turned off until another write to the SSPxBUF takes
place, holding SCLx low and allowing SDAx to float.
19.4.11.1 BF Status Flag
In receive operation, the BF bit is set when an address
or data byte is loaded into SSPxBUF from SSPxSR. It
is cleared when the SSPxBUF register is read.
19.4.11.2 SSPOV Status Flag
In receive operation, the SSPOV bit is set when 8 bits
are received into the SSPxSR and the BF flag bit is
already set from a previous reception.
19.4.10.1 BF Status Flag
19.4.11.3 WCOL Status Flag
In Transmit mode, the BF bit (SSPxSTAT<0>) is set
when the CPU writes to SSPxBUF and is cleared when
all 8 bits are shifted out.
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a receive is
already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting in a
data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur).
19.4.10.2 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a transmit is
already in progress (i.e., SSPxSR is still shifting out a
data byte), the WCOL bit is set and the contents of the
buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t occur) 2 TCY
after the SSPxBUF write. If SSPxBUF is rewritten
within 2 TCY, the WCOL bit is set and SSPxBUF is
updated. This may result in a corrupted transfer.
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FIGURE 19-23:
I2C™MASTERMODEWAVEFORM(TRANSMISSION, 7OR 10-BIT ADDRESSING)
DS39663F-page 230
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2
FIGURE 19-24:
I C™ MASTER MODE WAVEFORM (RECEPTION, 7-BIT ADDRESSING)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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19.4.12 ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE
TIMING
19.4.13 STOP CONDITION TIMING
A Stop bit is asserted on the SDAx pin at the end of a
receive/transmit by setting the Stop Sequence Enable
bit, PEN (SSPxCON2<2>). At the end of
An Acknowledge sequence is enabled by setting the
Acknowledge Sequence Enable bit, ACKEN
(SSPxCON2<4>). When this bit is set, the SCLx pin is
pulled low and the contents of the Acknowledge data bit
are presented on the SDAx pin. If the user wishes to
generate an Acknowledge, then the ACKDT bit should
be cleared. If not, the user should set the ACKDT bit
before starting an Acknowledge sequence. The Baud
Rate Generator then counts for one rollover period
(TBRG) and the SCLx pin is deasserted (pulled high).
When the SCLx pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),
the Baud Rate Generator counts for TBRG. The SCLx pin
is then pulled low. Following this, the ACKEN bit is auto-
matically cleared, the Baud Rate Generator is turned off
and the MSSP module then goes into an inactive state
(Figure 19-25).
a
receive/transmit, the SCLx line is held low after the
falling edge of the ninth clock. When the PEN bit is set,
the master will assert the SDAx line low. When the
SDAx line is sampled low, the Baud Rate Generator is
reloaded and counts down to ‘0’. When the Baud Rate
Generator times out, the SCLx pin will be brought high
and one TBRG (Baud Rate Generator rollover count)
later, the SDAx pin will be deasserted. When the SDAx
pin is sampled high while SCLx is high, the P bit
(SSPxSTAT<4>) is set. A TBRG later, the PEN bit is
cleared and the SSPxIF bit is set (Figure 19-26).
19.4.13.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when a Stop sequence
is in progress, then the WCOL bit is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).
19.4.12.1 WCOL Status Flag
If the user writes the SSPxBUF when an Acknowledge
sequence is in progress, then WCOL is set and the
contents of the buffer are unchanged (the write doesn’t
occur).
FIGURE 19-25:
ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE WAVEFORM
Acknowledge sequence starts here,
write to SSPxCON2,
ACKEN automatically cleared
ACKEN = 1, ACKDT = 0
TBRG
ACK
TBRG
SDAx
SCLx
D0
8
9
SSPxIF
Cleared in
software
SSPxIF set at the end
of Acknowledge sequence
SSPxIF set at
the end of receive
Cleared in
software
Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.
FIGURE 19-26:
STOP CONDITION RECEIVE OR TRANSMIT MODE
SCLx = 1for TBRG, followed by SDAx = 1for TBRG
after SDAx sampled high. P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set.
Write to SSPxCON2,
set PEN
PEN bit (SSPxCON2<2>) is cleared by
hardware and the SSPxIF bit is set
Falling edge of
9th clock
TBRG
SCLx
SDAx
ACK
P
TBRG
TBRG
TBRG
SCLx brought high after TBRG
SDAx asserted low before rising edge of clock
to setup Stop condition
Note: TBRG = one Baud Rate Generator period.
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19.4.14 SLEEP OPERATION
19.4.17 MULTI -MASTER COMMUNICATION,
BUS COLLISION AND BUS
While in Sleep mode, the I2C module can receive
addresses or data and when an address match or
complete byte transfer occurs, wake the processor
from Sleep (if the MSSP interrupt is enabled).
ARBITRATION
Multi-Master mode support is achieved by bus arbitra-
tion. When the master outputs address/data bits onto
the SDAx pin, arbitration takes place when the master
outputs a ‘1’ on SDAx, by letting SDAx float high and
another master asserts a ‘0’. When the SCLx pin floats
high, data should be stable. If the expected data on
SDAx is a ‘1’ and the data sampled on the SDAx
pin = 0, then a bus collision has taken place. The
master will set the Bus Collision Interrupt Flag, BCLxIF,
and reset the I2C port to its Idle state (Figure 19-27).
19.4.15 EFFECTS OF A RESET
A Reset disables the MSSP module and terminates the
current transfer.
19.4.16 MULTI-MASTER MODE
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of the Start and Stop conditions allows the
determination of when the bus is free. The Stop (P) and
Start (S) bits are cleared from a Reset or when the
MSSP module is disabled. Control of the I2C bus may
be taken when the P bit (SSPxSTAT<4>) is set, or the
bus is Idle, with both the S and P bits clear. When the
bus is busy, enabling the MSSP interrupt will generate
the interrupt when the Stop condition occurs.
If a transmit was in progress when the bus collision
occurred, the transmission is halted, the BF flag is
cleared, the SDAx and SCLx lines are deasserted and
the SSPxBUF can be written to. When the user services
the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C
bus is free, the user can resume communication by
asserting a Start condition.
In multi-master operation, the SDAx line must be
monitored for arbitration to see if the signal level is the
expected output level. This check is performed in
hardware with the result placed in the BCLxIF bit.
If a Start, Repeated Start, Stop or Acknowledge condition
was in progress when the bus collision occurred, the con-
dition is aborted, the SDAx and SCLx lines are
deasserted and the respective control bits in the
SSPxCON2 register are cleared. When the user services
the bus collision Interrupt Service Routine and if the I2C
bus is free, the user can resume communication by
asserting a Start condition.
The states where arbitration can be lost are:
• Address Transfer
• Data Transfer
• A Start Condition
The master will continue to monitor the SDAx and SCLx
pins. If a Stop condition occurs, the SSPxIF bit will be set.
• A Repeated Start Condition
• An Acknowledge Condition
A write to the SSPxBUF will start the transmission of
data at the first data bit regardless of where the
transmitter left off when the bus collision occurred.
In Multi-Master mode, the interrupt generation on the
detection of Start and Stop conditions allows the deter-
mination of when the bus is free. Control of the I2C bus
can be taken when the P bit is set in the SSPxSTAT
register, or the bus is Idle and the S and P bits are
cleared.
FIGURE 19-27:
BUS COLLISION TIMING FOR TRANSMIT AND ACKNOWLEDGE
Sample SDAx. While SCLx is high,
data doesn’t match what is driven
by the master.
Data changes
while SCLx = 0
SDAx line pulled low
by another source
Bus collision has occurred.
SDAx released
by master
SDAx
SCLx
Set bus collision
interrupt (BCLxIF)
BCLxIF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 233
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
If the SDAx pin is sampled low during this count, the
BRG is reset and the SDAx line is asserted early
(Figure 19-30). If, however, a ‘1’ is sampled on the
SDAx pin, the SDAx pin is asserted low at the end of
the BRG count. The Baud Rate Generator is then
reloaded and counts down to 0. If the SCLx pin is
sampled as ‘0’ during this time, a bus collision does not
occur. At the end of the BRG count, the SCLx pin is
asserted low.
19.4.17.1 Bus Collision During a Start
Condition
During a Start condition, a bus collision occurs if:
a) SDAx or SCLx are sampled low at the beginning
of the Start condition (Figure 19-28).
b) SCLx is sampled low before SDAx is asserted
low (Figure 19-29).
During a Start condition, both the SDAx and the SCLx
pins are monitored.
Note:
The reason that bus collision is not a factor
during a Start condition is that no two bus
masters can assert a Start condition at the
exact same time. Therefore, one master
will always assert SDAx before the other.
This condition does not cause a bus colli-
sion because the two masters must be
allowed to arbitrate the first address
following the Start condition. If the address
is the same, arbitration must be allowed to
continue into the data portion, Repeated
Start or Stop conditions.
If the SDAx pin is already low, or the SCLx pin is
already low, then all of the following occur:
• the Start condition is aborted,
• the BCLxIF flag is set and
• the MSSP module is reset to its inactive state
(Figure 19-28).
The Start condition begins with the SDAx and SCLx
pins deasserted. When the SDAx pin is sampled high,
the Baud Rate Generator is loaded from
SSPxADD<6:0> and counts down to 0. If the SCLx pin
is sampled low while SDAx is high, a bus collision
occurs because it is assumed that another master is
attempting to drive a data ‘1’ during the Start condition.
FIGURE 19-28:
BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SDAx ONLY)
SDAx goes low before the SEN bit is set.
Set BCLxIF,
S bit and SSPxIF set because
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1.
SDAx
SCLx
SEN
Set SEN, enable Start
condition if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1
SEN cleared automatically because of bus collision.
MSSP module reset into Idle state.
SDAx sampled low before
Start condition. Set BCLxIF.
S bit and SSPxIF set because
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1.
BCLxIF
SSPxIF and BCLxIF are
cleared in software
S
SSPxIF
SSPxIF and BCLxIF are
cleared in software
DS39663F-page 234
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 19-29:
BUS COLLISION DURING START CONDITION (SCLx = 0)
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1
TBRG
TBRG
SDAx
Set SEN, enable Start
sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1
SCLx
SEN
SCLx = 0before SDAx = 0,
bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.
SCLx = 0before BRG time-out,
bus collision occurs. Set BCLxIF.
BCLxIF
Interrupt cleared
in software
S
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
‘0’
SSPxIF
FIGURE 19-30:
BRG RESET DUE TO SDAx ARBITRATION DURING START CONDITION
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1
Set S
Set SSPxIF
Less than TBRG
TBRG
SDAx pulled low by other master.
Reset BRG and assert SDAx.
SDAx
SCLx
S
SCLx pulled low after BRG
time-out
SEN
Set SEN, enable Start
sequence if SDAx = 1, SCLx = 1
‘0’
BCLxIF
S
SSPxIF
Interrupts cleared
in software
SDAx = 0, SCLx = 1,
set SSPxIF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 235
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
If SDAx is low, a bus collision has occurred (i.e., another
master is attempting to transmit a data ‘0’, Figure 19-31).
If SDAx is sampled high, the BRG is reloaded and
begins counting. If SDAx goes from high-to-low before
the BRG times out, no bus collision occurs because no
two masters can assert SDAx at exactly the same time.
19.4.17.2 Bus Collision During a Repeated
Start Condition
During a Repeated Start condition, a bus collision
occurs if:
a) A low level is sampled on SDAx when SCLx
goes from low level to high level.
If SCLx goes from high-to-low before the BRG times
out and SDAx has not already been asserted, a bus
collision occurs. In this case, another master is
attempting to transmit a data ‘1’ during the Repeated
Start condition (see Figure 19-32).
b) SCLx goes low before SDAx is asserted low,
indicating that another master is attempting to
transmit a data ‘1’.
When the user deasserts SDAx and the pin is allowed
to float high, the BRG is loaded with SSPxADD<6:0>
and counts down to 0. The SCLx pin is then deasserted
and when sampled high, the SDAx pin is sampled.
If, at the end of the BRG time-out, both SCLx and SDAx
are still high, the SDAx pin is driven low and the BRG is
reloaded and begins counting. At the end of the count,
regardless of the status of the SCLx pin, the SCLx pin is
driven low and the Repeated Start condition is complete.
FIGURE 19-31:
BUS COLLISION DURING A REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 1)
SDAx
SCLx
Sample SDAx when SCLx goes high.
If SDAx = 0, set BCLxIF and release SDAx and SCLx.
RSEN
BCLxIF
Cleared in software
‘0’
S
‘0’
SSPxIF
FIGURE 19-32:
BUS COLLISION DURING REPEATED START CONDITION (CASE 2)
TBRG
TBRG
SDAx
SCLx
SCLx goes low before SDAx,
set BCLxIF. Release SDAx and SCLx.
BCLxIF
RSEN
Interrupt cleared
in software
‘0’
S
SSPxIF
DS39663F-page 236
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The Stop condition begins with SDAx asserted low.
When SDAx is sampled low, the SCLx pin is allowed to
float. When the pin is sampled high (clock arbitration),
the Baud Rate Generator is loaded with
SSPxADD<6:0> and counts down to 0. After the BRG
times out, SDAx is sampled. If SDAx is sampled low, a
bus collision has occurred. This is due to another
master attempting to drive a data ‘0’ (Figure 19-33). If
the SCLx pin is sampled low before SDAx is allowed to
float high, a bus collision occurs. This is another case
of another master attempting to drive a data ‘0’
(Figure 19-34).
19.4.17.3 Bus Collision During a Stop
Condition
Bus collision occurs during a Stop condition if:
a) After the SDAx pin has been deasserted and
allowed to float high, SDAx is sampled low after
the BRG has timed out.
b) After the SCLx pin is deasserted, SCLx is
sampled low before SDAx goes high.
FIGURE 19-33:
BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 1)
SDAx sampled
low after TBRG,
set BCLxIF
TBRG
TBRG
TBRG
SDAx
SDAx asserted low
SCLx
PEN
BCLxIF
P
‘0’
‘0’
SSPxIF
FIGURE 19-34:
BUS COLLISION DURING A STOP CONDITION (CASE 2)
TBRG
TBRG
TBRG
SDAx
SCLx goes low before SDAx goes high,
set BCLxIF
Assert SDAx
SCLx
PEN
BCLxIF
P
‘0’
‘0’
SSPxIF
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 237
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 19-4: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH I2C™ OPERATION
Reset
Values
on Page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
—
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CCP1IP
—
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
54
57
PSPIF
PSPIE
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
—
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
BCL1IP
TMR4IF
TMR4IE
TMR4IP
TRISC3
TRISD3
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
PIE1
TMR2IE TMR1IE
TMR2IP TMR1IP
IPR1
PSPIP
ADIP
PIR2
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
OSCFIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
TRISC7
TRISD7
CMIF
TMR3IF
TMR3IE
TMR3IP
CCP4IF
CCP4IE
CCP4IP
TRISC1
TRISD1
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
CCP2IP
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
CCP3IP
TRISC0
TRISD0
PIE2
CMIE
—
—
—
IPR2
CMIP
—
—
—
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
TRISC6
TRISD6
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
TRISC5
TRISD5
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
TRISC4
TRISD4
CCP5IF
CCP5IE
CCP5IP
TRISC2
TRISD2
PIE3
IPR3
TRISC
TRISD
SSP1BUF MSSP1 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
SSP1ADD MSSP1 Address Register (I2C™ Slave mode),
MSSP1 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode)
SSPxCON1 WCOL
SSPxCON2 GCEN
SSPOV
SSPEN
CKP
SSPM3
RCEN/
SSPM2
PEN/
SSPM1
RSEN/
SSPM0
SEN
54, 57
54, 57
ACKSTAT ACKDT/ ACKEN/
ADMSK5 ADMSK4 ADMSK3 ADMSK2 ADMSK1
SSPxSTAT
SMP
CKE
D/A R/W UA
P
S
BF
54, 57
54
SSP2BUF MSSP2 Receive Buffer/Transmit Register
SSP2ADD MSSP2 Address Register (I2C Slave mode),
57
MSSP2 Baud Rate Reload Register (I2C Master mode)
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the MSSP module in I2C™ mode.
DS39663F-page 238
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The pins of EUSART1 and EUSART2 are multiplexed
with the functions of PORTC (RC6/TX1/CK1 and
RC7/RX1/DT1) and PORTG (RG1/TX2/CK2 and
RG2/RX2/DT2), respectively. In order to configure
these pins as an EUSART:
20.0 ENHANCED UNIVERSAL
SYNCHRONOUS
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEIVER
TRANSMITTER (EUSART)
• For EUSART1:
The Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous
Receiver Transmitter (EUSART) module is one of two
serial I/O modules. (Generically, the EUSART is also
known as a Serial Communications Interface or SCI.)
The EUSART can be configured as a full-duplex
asynchronous system that can communicate with
peripheral devices, such as CRT terminals and
personal computers. It can also be configured as a
half-duplex synchronous system that can communicate
with peripheral devices, such as A/D or D/A integrated
circuits, serial EEPROMs, etc.
- bit, SPEN (RCSTA1<7>), must be set (= 1)
- bit, TRISC<7>, must be set (= 1)
- bit, TRISC<6>, must be cleared (= 0) for
Asynchronous and Synchronous Master
modes
- bit, TRISC<6>, must be set (= 1) for
Synchronous Slave mode
• For EUSART2:
- bit, SPEN (RCSTA2<7>), must be set (= 1)
- bit, TRISG<2>, must be set (= 1)
The Enhanced USART module implements additional
features, including automatic baud rate detection and
calibration, automatic wake-up on Sync Break recep-
tion and 12-bit Break character transmit. These make it
ideally suited for use in Local Interconnect Network bus
(LIN bus) systems.
- bit, TRISG<1>, must be cleared (= 0) for
Asynchronous and Synchronous Master
modes
- bit, TRISC<6> must be set (= 1) for
Synchronous Slave mode
All members of the PIC18F87J10 family are equipped
with two independent EUSART modules, referred to as
EUSART1 and EUSART2. They can be configured in
the following modes:
Note:
The EUSART control will automatically
reconfigure the pin from input to output as
needed.
The operation of each Enhanced USART module is
controlled through three registers:
• Asynchronous (full duplex) with:
- Auto-Wake-up on character reception
- Auto-Baud calibration
• Transmit Status and Control (TXSTAx)
• Receive Status and Control (RCSTAx)
• Baud Rate Control (BAUDCONx)
- 12-bit Break character transmission
• Synchronous – Master (half duplex) with
selectable clock polarity
These are detailed on the following pages in
Register 20-1, Register 20-2 and Register 20-3,
respectively.
• Synchronous – Slave (half duplex) with selectable
clock polarity
Note:
Throughout this section, references to
register and bit names that may be associ-
ated with a specific EUSART module are
referred to generically by the use of ‘x’ in
place of the specific module number.
Thus, “RCSTAx” might refer to the
Receive Status register for either
EUSART1 or EUSART2.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 239
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 20-1: TXSTAx: TRANSMIT STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
CSRC
R/W-0
TX9
R/W-0
TXEN(1)
R/W-0
SYNC
R/W-0
R/W-0
BRGH
R-1
R/W-0
TX9D
SENDB
TRMT
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
CSRC: Clock Source Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care.
Synchronous mode:
1= Master mode (clock generated internally from BRG)
0= Slave mode (clock from external source)
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
TX9: 9-Bit Transmit Enable bit
1= Selects 9-bit transmission
0= Selects 8-bit transmission
TXEN: Transmit Enable bit(1)
1= Transmit enabled
0= Transmit disabled
SYNC: EUSART Mode Select bit
1= Synchronous mode
0= Asynchronous mode
SENDB: Send Break Character bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= Send Sync Break on next transmission (cleared by hardware upon completion)
0= Sync Break transmission completed
Synchronous mode:
Don’t care.
bit 2
BRGH: High Baud Rate Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= High speed
0= Low speed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 1
bit 0
TRMT: Transmit Shift Register Status bit
1= TSR empty
0= TSR full
TX9D: 9th bit of Transmit Data
Can be address/data bit or a parity bit.
Note 1: SREN/CREN overrides TXEN in Sync mode.
DS39663F-page 240
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 20-2: RCSTAx: RECEIVE STATUS AND CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
SPEN
R/W-0
RX9
R/W-0
SREN
R/W-0
CREN
R/W-0
R-0
R-0
R-x
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
SPEN: Serial Port Enable bit
1= Serial port enabled (configures RXx/DTx and TXx/CKx pins as serial port pins)
0= Serial port disabled (held in Reset)
RX9: 9-Bit Receive Enable bit
1= Selects 9-bit reception
0= Selects 8-bit reception
SREN: Single Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
Don’t care.
Synchronous mode – Master:
1= Enables single receive
0= Disables single receive
This bit is cleared after reception is complete.
Synchronous mode – Slave:
Don’t care.
bit 4
CREN: Continuous Receive Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= Enables receiver
0= Disables receiver
Synchronous mode:
1= Enables continuous receive until enable bit, CREN, is cleared (CREN overrides SREN)
0= Disables continuous receive
bit 3
ADDEN: Address Detect Enable bit
Asynchronous mode 9-bit (RX9 = 1):
1= Enables address detection, enables interrupt and loads the receive buffer when RSR<8> is set
0= Disables address detection, all bytes are received and ninth bit can be used as parity bit
Asynchronous mode 8-bit (RX9 = 0):
Don’t care.
bit 2
bit 1
bit 0
FERR: Framing Error bit
1= Framing error (can be updated by reading the RCREGx register and receiving the next valid byte)
0= No framing error
OERR: Overrun Error bit
1= Overrun error (can be cleared by clearing bit, CREN)
0= No overrun error
RX9D: 9th bit of Received Data
This can be address/data bit or a parity bit and must be calculated by user firmware.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 241
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 20-3: BAUDCONx: BAUD RATE CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
R-1
U-0
—
R/W-0
SCKP
R/W-0
U-0
—
R/W-0
WUE
R/W-0
ABDOVF
RCIDL
BRG16
ABDEN
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
bit 6
ABDOVF: Auto-Baud Acquisition Rollover Status bit
1= A BRG rollover has occurred during Auto-Baud Rate Detect mode (must be cleared in software)
0= No BRG rollover has occurred
RCIDL: Receive Operation Idle Status bit
1= Receive operation is Idle
0= Receive operation is active
bit 5
bit 4
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
SCKP: Synchronous Clock Polarity Select bit
Asynchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
Synchronous modes:
1= Idle state for clock (CKx) is a high level
0= Idle state for clock (CKx) is a low level
bit 3
BRG16: 16-Bit Baud Rate Register Enable bit
1= 16-bit Baud Rate Generator – SPBRGHx and SPBRGx
0= 8-bit Baud Rate Generator – SPBRGx only (Compatible mode), SPBRGHx value ignored
bit 2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
WUE: Wake-up Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= EUSART will continue to sample the RXx pin – interrupt generated on falling edge; bit cleared in
hardware on the following rising edge
0= RXx pin not monitored or rising edge detected
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
bit 0
ABDEN: Auto-Baud Detect Enable bit
Asynchronous mode:
1= Enable baud rate measurement on the next character. Requires reception of a Sync field (55h);
cleared in hardware upon completion.
0= Baud rate measurement disabled or completed
Synchronous mode:
Unused in this mode.
DS39663F-page 242
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
the high baud rate (BRGH = 1) or the 16-bit BRG to
reduce the baud rate error, or achieve a slow baud rate
for a fast oscillator frequency.
20.1
Baud Rate Generator (BRG)
The BRG is a dedicated 8-bit or 16-bit generator that
supports both the Asynchronous and Synchronous
modes of the EUSART. By default, the BRG operates
in 8-bit mode; setting the BRG16 bit (BAUDCONx<3>)
selects 16-bit mode.
Writing a new value to the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx regis-
ters causes the BRG timer to be reset (or cleared). This
ensures the BRG does not wait for a timer overflow
before outputting the new baud rate.
The SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair controls the period
of a free-running timer. In Asynchronous mode, bits
BRGH (TXSTAx<2>) and BRG16 (BAUDCONx<3>) also
control the baud rate. In Synchronous mode, BRGH is
ignored. Table 20-1 shows the formula for computation of
the baud rate for different EUSART modes which only
apply in Master mode (internally generated clock).
20.1.1
OPERATION IN POWER-MANAGED
MODES
The device clock is used to generate the desired baud
rate. When one of the power-managed modes is
entered, the new clock source may be operating at a
different frequency. This may require an adjustment to
the value in the SPBRGx register pair.
Given the desired baud rate and FOSC, the nearest
integer value for the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers can
be calculated using the formulas in Table 20-1. From this,
the error in baud rate can be determined. An example
calculation is shown in Example 20-1. Typical baud rates
and error values for the various Asynchronous modes
are shown in Table 20-2. It may be advantageous to use
20.1.2
SAMPLING
The data on the RXx pin (either RC7/RX1/DT1 or
RG2/RX2/DT2) is sampled three times by a majority
detect circuit to determine if a high or a low level is
present at the RXx pin.
TABLE 20-1: BAUD RATE FORMULAS
Configuration Bits
BRG/EUSART Mode
Baud Rate Formula
SYNC
BRG16
BRGH
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
x
x
8-Bit/Asynchronous
8-Bit/Asynchronous
16-Bit/Asynchronous
16-Bit/Asynchronous
8-Bit/Synchronous
16-Bit/Synchronous
FOSC/[64 (n + 1)]
FOSC/[16 (n + 1)]
FOSC/[4 (n + 1)]
Legend: x= Don’t care, n = value of SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 243
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
EXAMPLE 20-1:
CALCULATING BAUD RATE ERROR
For a device with FOSC of 16 MHz, desired baud rate of 9600, Asynchronous mode, 8-bit BRG:
Desired Baud Rate FOSC/(64 ([SPBRGHx:SPBRGx] + 1))
Solving for SPBRGHx:SPBRGx:
=
X
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
((FOSC/Desired Baud Rate)/64) – 1
((16000000/9600)/64) – 1
[25.042] = 25
16000000/(64 (25 + 1))
9615
Calculated Baud Rate
Error
(Calculated Baud Rate – Desired Baud Rate)/Desired Baud Rate
(9615 – 9600)/9600 = 0.16%
TABLE 20-2: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH BAUD RATE GENERATOR
Reset Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
TXSTAx
RCSTAx
CSRC
SPEN
TX9
RX9
TXEN
SREN
—
SYNC
CREN
SCKP
SENDB
ADDEN
BRG16
BRGH
FERR
—
TRMT
OERR
WUE
TX9D
RX9D
55
55
56
56
56
BAUDCONx ABDOVF RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the BRG.
DS39663F-page 244
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 20-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 40.000 MHz
FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 10.000 MHz
FOSC = 8.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
Value
SPBRG Actual
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
%
Error
%
Error
%
Error
Rate
(K)
Value
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Error
(decimal)
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
255
129
31
15
4
—
—
—
129
64
15
7
—
1.201
2.403
9.615
—
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
—
103
51
12
—
—
—
1.221
1.73
0.16
1.73
1.73
8.51
-9.58
1.202
2.404
9.766
19.531
52.083
78.125
0.16
0.16
1.73
1.73
-9.58
-32.18
2.4
2.441
9.615
19.531
56.818
125.000
1.73
0.16
1.73
-1.36
8.51
255
64
31
10
4
2.404
9.6
9.766
19.2
57.6
115.2
19.531
62.500
104.167
2
—
—
—
2
1
—
—
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 4.000 MHz
FOSC = 2.000 MHz
FOSC = 1.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
Value
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
%
Error
%
Error
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Error
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
0.300
1.202
0.16
0.16
207
51
25
6
0.300
1.201
2.403
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
103
25
12
—
0.300
1.201
—
-0.16
-0.16
—
51
12
—
—
—
—
—
2.4
2.404
0.16
9.6
8.929
-6.99
8.51
—
—
19.2
57.6
115.2
20.833
62.500
62.500
2
—
—
—
—
—
8.51
0
—
—
—
—
—
-45.75
0
—
—
—
—
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 40.000 MHz
FOSC = 20.000 MHz
FOSC = 10.000 MHz
FOSC = 8.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG
Value
%
Error
%
Error
%
Error
%
Error
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.441
9.615
19.531
56.818
125.000
1.73
0.16
1.73
-1.36
8.51
255
64
31
10
4
2.403
9.615
19.230
55.555
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
3.55
—
207
51
25
8
9.6
9.766
19.231
58.140
113.636
1.73
0.16
0.94
-1.36
255
129
42
9.615
19.231
56.818
113.636
0.16
0.16
-1.36
-1.36
129
64
21
10
19.2
57.6
115.2
21
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 0
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 4.000 MHz
FOSC = 2.000 MHz
FOSC = 1.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
Value
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
%
Error
%
Error
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Error
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
—
—
—
207
103
25
12
3
—
1.201
2.403
9.615
—
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
—
103
51
12
—
0.300
1.201
2.403
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
207
51
25
—
1.202
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
8.51
8.51
2.4
2.404
9.6
9.615
19.2
57.6
115.2
19.231
62.500
125.000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 245
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 20-3: BAUD RATES FOR ASYNCHRONOUS MODES (CONTINUED)
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 40.000 MHz
FOSC = 20.000 MHz
FOSC = 10.000 MHz
FOSC = 8.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
Value
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
%
Error
%
Error
%
Error
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Error
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
0.300
1.200
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.16
0.16
0.94
-1.36
8332
2082
1040
259
129
42
0.300
1.200
0.02
-0.03
-0.03
0.16
4165
1041
520
129
64
0.300
1.200
0.02
-0.03
0.16
0.16
1.73
-1.36
8.51
2082
520
259
64
0.300
1.201
2.403
9.615
19.230
55.555
—
-0.04
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
3.55
—
1665
415
207
51
2.4
2.402
2.399
2.404
9.6
9.615
9.615
9.615
19.2
57.6
115.2
19.231
58.140
113.636
19.231
56.818
113.636
0.16
19.531
56.818
125.000
31
25
-1.36
-1.36
21
10
8
21
10
4
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 0, BRG16 = 1
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 4.000 MHz
FOSC = 2.000 MHz
FOSC = 1.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
Value
SPBRG Actual
Value
(decimal)
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
%
Error
%
Error
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Error
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
0.300
1.202
0.04
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
8.51
8.51
832
207
103
25
12
3
0.300
1.201
2.403
9.615
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
415
103
51
12
—
0.300
1.201
2.403
—
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
207
51
25
—
2.4
2.404
9.6
9.615
19.2
57.6
115.2
19.231
62.500
125.000
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1
FOSC = 20.000 MHz FOSC = 10.000 MHz
BAUD
RATE
(K)
FOSC = 40.000 MHz
FOSC = 8.000 MHz
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
SPBRG Actual
SPBRG Actual
Value
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
Error
%
%
%
Error
Value
(decimal)
Rate
(K)
Value
Rate
(K)
Rate
(K)
Error
Error
(decimal)
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
0.300
1.200
0.00
0.00
0.02
0.06
-0.03
0.35
-0.22
33332
8332
4165
1040
520
0.300
1.200
0.00
0.02
0.02
-0.03
0.16
-0.22
0.94
16665
4165
2082
520
259
86
0.300
1.200
0.00
0.02
0.06
0.16
0.16
0.94
-1.36
8332
2082
1040
259
129
42
0.300
1.200
-0.01
-0.04
-0.04
-0.16
-0.16
0.79
6665
1665
832
207
103
34
2.4
2.400
2.400
2.402
2.400
9.6
9.606
9.596
9.615
9.615
19.2
57.6
115.2
19.193
57.803
114.943
19.231
57.471
116.279
19.231
58.140
113.636
19.230
57.142
117.647
172
86
42
21
-2.12
16
SYNC = 0, BRGH = 1, BRG16 = 1 or SYNC = 1, BRG16 = 1
FOSC = 4.000 MHz FOSC = 2.000 MHz FOSC = 1.000 MHz
BAUD
RATE
(K)
Actual
Rate
(K)
SPBRG Actual
SPBRG Actual
SPBRG
Value
(decimal)
%
Error
%
Error
%
Error
Value
Rate
(K)
Value
Rate
(K)
(decimal)
(decimal)
0.3
1.2
0.300
1.200
0.01
0.04
0.16
0.16
0.16
2.12
-3.55
3332
832
415
103
51
0.300
1.201
2.403
9.615
19.230
55.555
—
-0.04
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
3.55
—
1665
415
207
51
0.300
1.201
2.403
9.615
19.230
—
-0.04
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
-0.16
—
832
207
103
25
2.4
2.404
9.6
9.615
19.2
57.6
115.2
19.231
58.824
111.111
25
12
16
8
—
8
—
—
—
—
DS39663F-page 246
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
20.1.3
AUTO-BAUD RATE DETECT
Note 1: If the WUE bit is set with the ABDEN bit,
Auto-Baud Rate Detection will occur on
the byte following the Break character.
The Enhanced USART module supports the automatic
detection and calibration of baud rate. This feature is
active only in Asynchronous mode and while the WUE
bit is clear.
2: It is up to the user to determine that the
incoming character baud rate is within the
range of the selected BRG clock source.
Some combinations of oscillator frequency
and EUSART baud rates are not possible
due to bit error rates. Overall system tim-
ing and communication baud rates must
be taken into consideration when using the
Auto-Baud Rate Detection feature.
The automatic baud rate measurement sequence
(Figure 20-1) begins whenever a Start bit is received
and the ABDEN bit is set. The calculation is
self-averaging.
In the Auto-Baud Rate Detect (ABD) mode, the clock to
the BRG is reversed. Rather than the BRG clocking the
incoming RXx signal, the RXx signal is timing the BRG.
In ABD mode, the internal Baud Rate Generator is
used as a counter to time the bit period of the incoming
serial byte stream.
3: To maximize baud rate range, it is recom-
mended to set the BRG16 bit if the
auto-baud feature is used.
Once the ABDEN bit is set, the state machine will clear
the BRG and look for a Start bit. The Auto-Baud Rate
Detect must receive a byte with the value 55h (ASCII
“U”, which is also the LIN bus Sync character) in order to
calculate the proper bit rate. The measurement is taken
over both a low and a high bit time in order to minimize
any effects caused by asymmetry of the incoming signal.
After a Start bit, the SPBRGx begins counting up, using
the preselected clock source on the first rising edge of
RXx. After eight bits on the RXx pin or the fifth rising
edge, an accumulated value totalling the proper BRG
period is left in the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx register pair.
Once the 5th edge is seen (this should correspond to the
Stop bit), the ABDEN bit is automatically cleared.
TABLE 20-4: BRG COUNTER
CLOCK RATES
BRG16 BRGH
BRG Counter Clock
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
FOSC/512
FOSC/128
FOSC/128
FOSC/32
20.1.3.1
ABD and EUSART Transmission
Since the BRG clock is reversed during ABD acquisi-
tion, the EUSART transmitter cannot be used during
ABD. This means that whenever the ABDEN bit is set,
TXREGx cannot be written to. Users should also
ensure that ABDEN does not become set during a
transmit sequence. Failing to do this may result in
unpredictable EUSART operation.
If a rollover of the BRG occurs (an overflow from FFFFh
to 0000h), the event is trapped by the ABDOVF status
bit (BAUDCONx<7>). It is set in hardware by BRG roll-
overs and can be set or cleared by the user in software.
ABD mode remains active after rollover events and the
ABDEN bit remains set (Figure 20-2).
While calibrating the baud rate period, the BRG
registers are clocked at 1/8th the preconfigured clock
rate. Note that the BRG clock can be configured by the
BRG16 and BRGH bits. The BRG16 bit must be set to
use both SPBRG1 and SPBRGH1 as a 16-bit counter.
This allows the user to verify that no carry occurred for
8-bit modes by checking for 00h in the SPBRGHx
register. Refer to Table 20-4 for counter clock rates to
the BRG.
While the ABD sequence takes place, the EUSART
state machine is held in Idle. The RCxIF interrupt is set
once the fifth rising edge on RXx is detected. The value
in the RCREGx needs to be read to clear the RCxIF
interrupt. The contents of RCREGx should be
discarded.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 247
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 20-1:
AUTOMATIC BAUD RATE CALCULATION
BRG Value
RXx pin
XXXXh
0000h
001Ch
Edge #5
Stop Bit
Edge #2
Bit 3
Edge #3
Bit 5
Edge #4
Bit 7
Bit 6
Edge #1
Bit 1
Start
Bit 0
Bit 2
Bit 4
BRG Clock
Auto-Cleared
Set by User
ABDEN bit
RCxIF bit
(Interrupt)
Read
RCREGx
XXXXh
XXXXh
1Ch
00h
SPBRGx
SPBRGHx
Note: The ABD sequence requires the EUSART module to be configured in Asynchronous mode and WUE = 0.
FIGURE 20-2:
BRG OVERFLOW SEQUENCE
BRG Clock
ABDEN bit
RXx pin
Start
Bit 0
ABDOVF bit
BRG Value
FFFFh
XXXXh
0000h
0000h
DS39663F-page 248
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the TSR
register (occurs in one TCY), the TXREGx register is
empty and the TXxIF flag bit is set. This interrupt can be
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt
enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF will be set regardless of the
state of TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. TXxIF is
also not cleared immediately upon loading TXREGx, but
becomes valid in the second instruction cycle following
the load instruction. Polling TX1IF immediately following
a load of TXREGx will return invalid results.
20.2 EUSART Asynchronous Mode
The Asynchronous mode of operation is selected by
clearing the SYNC bit (TXSTAx<4>). In this mode, the
EUSART uses standard Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ)
format (one Start bit, eight or nine data bits and one Stop
bit). The most common data format is 8 bits. An on-chip
dedicated 8-bit/16-bit Baud Rate Generator can be used
to derive standard baud rate frequencies from the
oscillator.
The EUSART transmits and receives the LSb first. The
EUSART’s transmitter and receiver are functionally
independent but use the same data format and baud
rate. The Baud Rate Generator produces a clock, either
x16 or x64 of the bit shift rate, depending on the BRGH
and BRG16 bits (TXSTAx<2> and BAUDCONx<3>).
Parity is not supported by the hardware but can be
implemented in software and stored as the 9th data bit.
While TXxIF indicates the status of the TXREGx regis-
ter, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the status
of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which is set
when the TSR register is empty. No interrupt logic is
tied to this bit so the user has to poll this bit in order to
determine if the TSR register is empty.
Note 1: The TSR register is not mapped in data
When operating in Asynchronous mode, the EUSART
module consists of the following important elements:
memory, so it is not available to the user.
2: Flag bit, TX1IF, is set when enable bit
• Baud Rate Generator
TXEN is set.
• Sampling Circuit
To set up an Asynchronous Transmission:
• Asynchronous Transmitter
• Asynchronous Receiver
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
• Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character
• 12-Bit Break Character Transmit
• Auto-Baud Rate Detection
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
bit, SYNC, and setting bit, SPEN.
20.2.1
EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS
TRANSMITTER
3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set transmit bit,
TX9; can be used as address/data bit.
The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 20-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the Stop
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the Stop bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREGx register (if available).
5. Enable the transmission by setting bit, TXEN,
which will also set bit, TXxIF.
6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
7. Load data to the TXREGx register (starts
transmission).
8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
FIGURE 20-3:
EUSART TRANSMIT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Data Bus
TXxIF
TXREGx Register
TXxIE
8
MSb
(8)
LSb
0
Pin Buffer
and Control
•
•
•
TSR Register
TXx Pin
Interrupt
Baud Rate CLK
TXEN
TRMT
SPEN
BRG16
SPBRGHx SPBRGx
Baud Rate Generator
TX9
TX9D
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 249
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 20-4:
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Write to TXREGx
Word 1
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TXx (pin)
Start bit
bit 0
bit 1
Word 1
bit 7/8
Stop bit
TXxIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Reg. Empty Flag)
1 TCY
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
FIGURE 20-5:
ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (BACK TO BACK)
Write to TXREGx
Word 2
Start bit
Word 1
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TXx (pin)
Start bit
bit 0
bit 1
bit 7/8
bit 0
Stop bit
1 TCY
Word 2
Word 1
TXxIF bit
(Interrupt Reg. Flag)
1 TCY
Word 1
Transmit Shift Reg.
Word 2
Transmit Shift Reg.
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
Note: This timing diagram shows two consecutive transmissions.
TABLE 20-5: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
CREN
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
SPEN
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
SREN
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR4IF
TMR2IF
TMR1IF
PIE1
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
IPR1
ADIP
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
RX9
CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP4IE
CCP4IP
OERR
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
CCP3IP
RX9D
PIE3
TMR4IE CCP5IE
TMR4IP CCP5IP
IPR3
RCSTAx
TXREGx
TXSTAx
ADDEN
FERR
EUSARTx Transmit Register
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
—
SYNC
SCKP
SENDB
BRG16
BRGH
—
TRMT
WUE
TX9D
BAUDCONx ABDOVF
RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx
SPBRGx
EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous transmission.
DS39663F-page 250
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
20.2.2
EUSART ASYNCHRONOUS
RECEIVER
20.2.3
SETTING UP 9-BIT MODE WITH
ADDRESS DETECT
The receiver block diagram is shown in Figure 20-6.
The data is received on the RXx pin and drives the data
recovery block. The data recovery block is actually a
high-speed shifter operating at x16 times the baud rate,
whereas the main receive serial shifter operates at the
bit rate or at FOSC. This mode would typically be used
in RS-232 systems.
This mode would typically be used in RS-485 systems.
To set up an Asynchronous Reception with Address
Detect Enable:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
To set up an Asynchronous Reception:
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
the SYNC bit and setting the SPEN bit.
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for
the appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the
BRGH and BRG16 bits, as required, to achieve
the desired baud rate.
3. If interrupts are required, set the RCEN bit and
select the desired priority level with the RCxIP bit.
4. Set the RX9 bit to enable 9-bit reception.
5. Set the ADDEN bit to enable address detect.
6. Enable reception by setting the CREN bit.
2. Enable the asynchronous serial port by clearing
bit, SYNC, and setting bit, SPEN.
3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.
4. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.
5. Enable the reception by setting bit, CREN.
7. The RCxIF bit will be set when reception is
complete. The interrupt will be Acknowledged if
the RCxIE and GIE bits are set.
6. Flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when reception is
complete and an interrupt will be generated if
enable bit, RCxIE, was set.
8. Read the RCSTAx register to determine if any
error occurred during reception, as well as read
bit 9 of data (if applicable).
7. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
9. Read RCREGx to determine if the device is
being addressed.
10. If any error occurred, clear the CREN bit.
8. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREGx register.
11. If the device has been addressed, clear the
ADDEN bit to allow all received data into the
receive buffer and interrupt the CPU.
9. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
enable bit, CREN.
10. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
FIGURE 20-6:
EUSART RECEIVE BLOCK DIAGRAM
CREN
OERR
FERR
x64 Baud Rate CLK
÷ 64
RSR Register
• • •
MSb
Stop
LSb
Start
BRG16
SPBRGHx SPBRGx
or
÷ 16
(8)
7
1
0
or
Baud Rate Generator
÷ 4
RX9
Pin Buffer
and Control
Data
Recovery
RXx
RX9D
RCREGx Register
FIFO
SPEN
8
Interrupt
RCxIF
RCxIE
Data Bus
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 251
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 20-7:
ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Start
bit
Start
bit
Start
bit
RXx (pin)
Stop
bit
Stop
bit
Stop
bit
bit 0 bit 1
bit 7/8
bit 0
bit 7/8
bit 7/8
Rcv Shift Reg
Rcv Buffer Reg
Word 2
RCREGx
Word 1
RCREGx
Read Rcv
Buffer Reg
RCREGx
RCxIF
(Interrupt Flag)
OERR bit
CREN
Note: This timing diagram shows three words appearing on the RXx input. The RCREGx (Receive Buffer) is read after the third word
causing the OERR (Overrun) bit to be set.
TABLE 20-6: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
CREN
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
SPEN
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
SREN
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
PIE1
IPR1
ADIP
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
RX9
TMR4IF CCP5IF
CCP4IF CCP3IF
PIE3
TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
IPR3
RCSTAx
RCREGx
TXSTAx
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
EUSARTx Receive Register
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
—
SYNC
SCKP
SENDB
BRG16
BRGH
—
TRMT
WUE
TX9D
BAUDCONx ABDOVF
RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx
SPBRGx
EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented locations read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for asynchronous reception.
the RXx/DTx line. (This coincides with the start of a
Sync Break or a Wake-up Signal character for the LIN
protocol.)
20.2.4
AUTO-WAKE-UP ON SYNC BREAK
CHARACTER
During Sleep mode, all clocks to the EUSART are
suspended. Because of this, the Baud Rate Generator
is inactive and a proper byte reception cannot be per-
formed. The auto-wake-up feature allows the controller
to wake-up due to activity on the RXx/DTx line while the
EUSART is operating in Asynchronous mode.
Following a wake-up event, the module generates an
RCxIF interrupt. The interrupt is generated synchro-
nously to the Q clocks in normal operating modes
(Figure 20-8) and asynchronously if the device is in
Sleep mode (Figure 20-9). The interrupt condition is
cleared by reading the RCREGx register.
The auto-wake-up feature is enabled by setting the
WUE bit (BAUDCONx<1>). Once set, the typical
receive sequence on RXx/DTx is disabled and the
EUSART remains in an Idle state, monitoring for a
wake-up event independent of the CPU mode. A
wake-up event consists of a high-to-low transition on
The WUE bit is automatically cleared once
a
low-to-high transition is observed on the RXx line
following the wake-up event. At this point, the EUSART
module is in Idle mode and returns to normal operation.
This signals to the user that the Sync Break event is
over.
DS39663F-page 252
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
20.2.4.1
Special Considerations Using
Auto-Wake-up
20.2.4.2
Special Considerations Using
the WUE Bit
Since auto-wake-up functions by sensing rising edge
transitions on RXx/DTx, information with any state
changes before the Stop bit may signal a false
end-of-character and cause data or framing errors. To
work properly, therefore, the initial character in the
transmission must be all ‘0’s. This can be 00h (8 bytes)
for standard RS-232 devices or 000h (12 bits) for LIN
bus.
The timing of WUE and RCxIF events may cause some
confusion when it comes to determining the validity of
received data. As noted, setting the WUE bit places the
EUSART in an Idle mode. The wake-up event causes a
receive interrupt by setting the RCxIF bit. The WUE bit
is cleared after this when a rising edge is seen on
RXx/DTx. The interrupt condition is then cleared by
reading the RCREGx register. Ordinarily, the data in
RCREGx will be dummy data and should be discarded.
Oscillator start-up time must also be considered,
especially in applications using oscillators with longer
start-up intervals (i.e., HS or HSPLL mode). The Sync
Break (or Wake-up Signal) character must be of
sufficient length and be followed by a sufficient interval
to allow enough time for the selected oscillator to start
and provide proper initialization of the EUSART.
The fact that the WUE bit has been cleared (or is still
set) and the RCxIF flag is set should not be used as an
indicator of the integrity of the data in RCREGx. Users
should consider implementing a parallel method in
firmware to verify received data integrity.
To assure that no actual data is lost, check the RCIDL
bit to verify that a receive operation is not in process. If
a receive operation is not occurring, the WUE bit may
then be set just prior to entering the Sleep mode.
FIGURE 20-8:
AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING NORMAL OPERATION
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Bit set by user
Auto-Cleared
OSC1
WUE bit(1)
RXx/DTx Line
RCxIF
Cleared due to user read of RCREGx
Note 1: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.
FIGURE 20-9:
AUTO-WAKE-UP BIT (WUE) TIMINGS DURING SLEEP
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q1
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Auto-Cleared
OSC1
WUE bit(2)
RXx/DTx Line
RCxIF
Bit set by user
Note 1
Cleared due to user read of RCREGx
Sleep Ends
SLEEPCommand Executed
Note 1: If the wake-up event requires long oscillator warm-up time, the auto-clear of the WUE bit can occur before the oscillator is ready. This
sequence should not depend on the presence of Q clocks.
2: The EUSART remains in Idle while the WUE bit is set.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 253
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
1. Configure the EUSART for the desired mode.
20.2.5
BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE
2. Set the TXEN and SENDB bits to set up the
Break character.
The EUSART module has the capability of sending the
special Break character sequences that are required by
the LIN bus standard. The Break character transmit
consists of a Start bit, followed by twelve ‘0’ bits and a
Stop bit. The Frame Break character is sent whenever
the SENDB and TXEN bits (TXSTAx<3> and
TXSTAx<5>) are set while the Transmit Shift Register
is loaded with data. Note that the value of data written
to TXREGx will be ignored and all ‘0’s will be
transmitted.
3. Load the TXREGx with a dummy character to
initiate transmission (the value is ignored).
4. Write ‘55h’ to TXREGx to load the Sync
character into the transmit FIFO buffer.
5. After the Break has been sent, the SENDB bit is
reset by hardware. The Sync character now
transmits in the preconfigured mode.
When the TXREGx becomes empty, as indicated by
the TXxIF, the next data byte can be written to
TXREGx.
The SENDB bit is automatically reset by hardware after
the corresponding Stop bit is sent. This allows the user
to preload the transmit FIFO with the next transmit byte
following the Break character (typically, the Sync
character in the LIN specification).
20.2.6
RECEIVING A BREAK CHARACTER
The Enhanced USART module can receive a Break
character in two ways.
Note that the data value written to the TXREGx for the
Break character is ignored. The write simply serves the
purpose of initiating the proper sequence.
The first method forces configuration of the baud rate
at a frequency of 9/13 the typical speed. This allows for
the Stop bit transition to be at the correct sampling
location (13 bits for Break versus Start bit and 8 data
bits for typical data).
The TRMT bit indicates when the transmit operation is
active or Idle, just as it does during normal transmis-
sion. See Figure 20-10 for the timing of the Break
character sequence.
The second method uses the auto-wake-up feature
described in Section 20.2.4 “Auto-Wake-up on Sync
Break Character”. By enabling this feature, the
EUSART will sample the next two transitions on
RXx/DTx, cause an RCxIF interrupt and receive the
next data byte followed by another interrupt.
20.2.5.1
Break and Sync Transmit Sequence
The following sequence will send a message frame
header made up of a Break, followed by an Auto-Baud
Sync byte. This sequence is typical of a LIN bus
master.
Note that following a Break character, the user will
typically want to enable the Auto-Baud Rate Detect
feature. For both methods, the user can set the ABDEN
bit once the TXxIF interrupt is observed.
FIGURE 20-10:
SEND BREAK CHARACTER SEQUENCE
Write to TXREGx
Dummy Write
BRG Output
(Shift Clock)
TXx (pin)
Start Bit
Bit 0
Bit 1
Break
Bit 11
Stop Bit
TXxIF bit
(Transmit Buffer
Reg. Empty Flag)
TRMT bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
SENDB sampled here
Auto-Cleared
SENDB bit
(Transmit Shift
Reg. Empty Flag)
DS39663F-page 254
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Once the TXREGx register transfers the data to the
TSR register (occurs in one TCY), the TXREGx is empty
and the TXxIF flag bit is set. The interrupt can be
enabled or disabled by setting or clearing the interrupt
enable bit, TXxIE. TXxIF is set regardless of the state
of enable bit, TXxIE; it cannot be cleared in software. It
will reset only when new data is loaded into the
TXREGx register.
20.3 EUSART Synchronous
Master Mode
The Synchronous Master mode is entered by setting
the CSRC bit (TXSTAx<7>). In this mode, the data is
transmitted in a half-duplex manner (i.e., transmission
and reception do not occur at the same time). When
transmitting data, the reception is inhibited and vice
versa. Synchronous mode is entered by setting bit,
SYNC (TXSTAx<4>). In addition, enable bit, SPEN
(RCSTAx<7>), is set in order to configure the TXx and
RXx pins to CKx (clock) and DTx (data) lines,
respectively.
While flag bit, TXxIF, indicates the status of the TXREGx
register, another bit, TRMT (TXSTAx<1>), shows the
status of the TSR register. TRMT is a read-only bit which
is set when the TSR is empty. No interrupt logic is tied to
this bit, so the user must poll this bit in order to determine
if the TSR register is empty. The TSR is not mapped in
data memory so it is not available to the user.
The Master mode indicates that the processor trans-
mits the master clock on the CKx line. Clock polarity is
selected with the SCKP bit (BAUDCONx<4>); setting
SCKP sets the Idle state on CKx as high, while clearing
the bit sets the Idle state as low. This option is provided
to support Microwire devices with this module.
To set up a Synchronous Master Transmission:
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for the
appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRG16
bit, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate.
20.3.1
EUSART SYNCHRONOUS MASTER
TRANSMISSION
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits, SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit, TX9.
5. Enable the transmission by setting bit, TXEN.
The EUSART transmitter block diagram is shown in
Figure 20-3. The heart of the transmitter is the Transmit
(Serial) Shift Register (TSR). The Shift register obtains
its data from the Read/Write Transmit Buffer register,
TXREGx. The TXREGx register is loaded with data in
software. The TSR register is not loaded until the last
bit has been transmitted from the previous load. As
soon as the last bit is transmitted, the TSR is loaded
with new data from the TXREGx (if available).
6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
7. Start transmission by loading data to the
TXREGx register.
8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
FIGURE 20-11:
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION
Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3Q4 Q1Q2 Q3Q4 Q1 Q2Q3Q4 Q1 Q2Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
RC7/RX1/DT1
bit 0
bit 1
bit 2
bit 7
bit 0
bit 1
bit 7
Word 2
Word 1
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
(SCKP = 0)
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
(SCKP = 1)
Write to
TXREG1 Reg
Write Word 1
Write Word 2
TX1IF bit
(Interrupt Flag)
TRMT bit
‘1’
‘1’
TXEN bit
Note: Sync Master mode, SPBRGx = 0, continuous transmission of two 8-bit words. This example is equally applicable to EUSART2
(RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 255
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 20-12:
SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (THROUGH TXEN)
RC7/RX1/DT1 pin
bit 0
bit 2
bit 1
bit 6
bit 7
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
Write to
TXREG1 reg
TX1IF bit
TRMT bit
TXEN bit
Note: This example is equally applicable to EUSART2 (RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).
TABLE 20-7: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER TRANSMISSION
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
CREN
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
SPEN
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
SREN
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
PIE1
IPR1
ADIP
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
RX9
TMR4IF CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP3IF
PIE3
TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
IPR3
RCSTAx
TXREGx
TXSTAx
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
EUSARTx Transmit Register
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
—
SYNC
SCKP
SENDB
BRG16
BRGH
—
TRMT
WUE
TX9D
BAUDCONx ABDOVF
RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master transmission.
DS39663F-page 256
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
3. Ensure bits, CREN and SREN, are clear.
4. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.
5. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.
6. If a single reception is required, set bit, SREN.
For continuous reception, set bit, CREN.
7. Interrupt flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when recep-
tion is complete and an interrupt will be generated
if the enable bit, RCxIE, was set.
8. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
9. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREGx register.
20.3.2
EUSART SYNCHRONOUS
MASTER RECEPTION
Once Synchronous mode is selected, reception is
enabled by setting either the Single Receive Enable bit,
SREN (RCSTAx<5>), or the Continuous Receive
Enable bit, CREN (RCSTAx<4>). Data is sampled on
the RXx pin on the falling edge of the clock.
If enable bit, SREN, is set, only a single word is
received. If enable bit, CREN, is set, the reception is
continuous until CREN is cleared. If both bits are set,
then CREN takes precedence.
To set up a Synchronous Master Reception:
10. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit, CREN.
11. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE bits
in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are set.
1. Initialize the SPBRGHx:SPBRGx registers for the
appropriate baud rate. Set or clear the BRG16
bit, as required, to achieve the desired baud rate.
2. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits, SYNC, SPEN and CSRC.
FIGURE 20-13:
SYNCHRONOUS RECEPTION (MASTER MODE, SREN)
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
RC7/RX1/DT1
pin
bit 0
bit 1
bit 2
bit 3
bit 4
bit 5
bit 6
bit 7
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
(SCKP = 0)
RC6/TX1/CK1 pin
(SCKP = 1)
Write to
bit SREN
SREN bit
CREN bit
‘0’
‘0’
RC1IF bit
(Interrupt)
Read
RCREG1
Note: Timing diagram demonstrates Sync Master mode with bit SREN = 1and bit BRGH = 0. This example is equally applicable to EUSART2
(RG1/TX2/CK2 and RG2/RX2/DT2).
TABLE 20-8: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS MASTER RECEPTION
Reset Values
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
on page
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE INT0IE
RBIE
TMR0IF
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
SPEN
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
SREN
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
CREN
SSP1IF CCP1IF TMR2IF TMR1IF
SSP1IE CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
SSP1IP CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
TMR4IF CCP5IF CCP4IF CCP3IF
TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE CCP3IE
TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP CCP3IP
PIE1
IPR1
ADIP
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
RX9
PIE3
IPR3
RCSTAx
RCREGx
TXSTAx
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
EUSARTx Receive Register
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
—
SYNC
SCKP
SENDB
BRG16
BRGH
—
TRMT
WUE
TX9D
BAUDCONx ABDOVF
RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous master reception.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 257
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
To set up a Synchronous Slave Transmission:
20.4 EUSART Synchronous
Slave Mode
1. Enable the synchronous slave serial port by
setting bits, SYNC and SPEN, and clearing bit,
CSRC.
Synchronous Slave mode is entered by clearing bit,
CSRC (TXSTAx<7>). This mode differs from the
Synchronous Master mode in that the shift clock is sup-
plied externally at the CKx pin (instead of being supplied
internally in Master mode). This allows the device to
transfer or receive data while in any low-power mode.
2. Clear bits, CREN and SREN.
3. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, TXxIE.
4. If 9-bit transmission is desired, set bit, TX9.
5. Enable the transmission by setting enable bit,
TXEN.
20.4.1
EUSART SYNCHRONOUS
SLAVE TRANSMISSION
6. If 9-bit transmission is selected, the ninth bit
should be loaded in bit, TX9D.
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical, except in the case of Sleep mode.
7. Start transmission by loading data to the
TXREGx register.
If two words are written to the TXREGx and then the
SLEEPinstruction is executed, the following will occur:
8. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
a) The first word will immediately transfer to the
TSR register and transmit.
b) The second word will remain in the TXREGx
register.
c) Flag bit, TXxIF, will not be set.
d) When the first word has been shifted out of TSR,
the TXREGx register will transfer the second
word to the TSR and flag bit, TXxIF, will now be
set.
e) If enable bit, TXxIE, is set, the interrupt will wake
the chip from Sleep. If the global interrupt is
enabled, the program will branch to the interrupt
vector.
TABLE 20-9: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE TRANSMISSION
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
CREN
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
SPEN
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
SREN
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR4IF
TMR2IF TMR1IF
PIE1
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
IPR1
ADIP
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
RX9
CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP3IF
PIE3
TMR4IE CCP5IE
TMR4IP CCP5IP
CCP4IE CCP3IE
CCP4IP CCP3IP
IPR3
RCSTAx
TXREGx
TXSTAx
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
RX9D
EUSARTx Transmit Register
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
—
SYNC
SCKP
SENDB
BRG16
BRGH
—
TRMT
WUE
TX9D
BAUDCONx ABDOVF
RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave transmission.
DS39663F-page 258
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
To set up a Synchronous Slave Reception:
20.4.2
EUSART SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE
RECEPTION
1. Enable the synchronous master serial port by
setting bits, SYNC and SPEN, and clearing bit,
CSRC.
The operation of the Synchronous Master and Slave
modes is identical, except in the case of Sleep, or any
Idle mode and bit, SREN, which is a “don’t care” in
Slave mode.
2. If interrupts are desired, set enable bit, RCxIE.
3. If 9-bit reception is desired, set bit, RX9.
4. To enable reception, set enable bit, CREN.
If receive is enabled by setting the CREN bit prior to
entering Sleep or any Idle mode, then a word may be
received while in this low-power mode. Once the word
is received, the RSR register will transfer the data to the
RCREGx register; if the RCxIE enable bit is set, the
interrupt generated will wake the chip from the
Low-Power mode. If the global interrupt is enabled, the
program will branch to the interrupt vector.
5. Flag bit, RCxIF, will be set when reception is
complete. An interrupt will be generated if
enable bit, RCxIE, was set.
6. Read the RCSTAx register to get the 9th bit (if
enabled) and determine if any error occurred
during reception.
7. Read the 8-bit received data by reading the
RCREGx register.
8. If any error occurred, clear the error by clearing
bit, CREN.
9. If using interrupts, ensure that the GIE and PEIE
bits in the INTCON register (INTCON<7:6>) are
set.
TABLE 20-10: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH SYNCHRONOUS SLAVE RECEPTION
Reset
Values
on page
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
TX2IF
TX2IE
TX2IP
CREN
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
PSPIP
SSP2IF
SSP2IE
SSP2IP
SPEN
ADIF
ADIE
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
RC2IF
RC2IE
RC2IP
SREN
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
TMR4IF
TMR2IF TMR1IF
PIE1
CCP1IE TMR2IE TMR1IE
CCP1IP TMR2IP TMR1IP
IPR1
ADIP
PIR3
BCL2IF
BCL2IE
BCL2IP
RX9
CCP5IF
CCP4IF
CCP3IF
CCP3IE
CCP3IP
RX9D
PIE3
TMR4IE CCP5IE CCP4IE
TMR4IP CCP5IP CCP4IP
IPR3
RCSTAx
RCREGx
TXSTAx
ADDEN
FERR
OERR
EUSARTx Receive Register
CSRC
TX9
TXEN
—
SYNC
SCKP
SENDB
BRG16
BRGH
—
TRMT
WUE
TX9D
BAUDCONx ABDOVF
RCIDL
ABDEN
SPBRGHx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register High Byte
SPBRGx EUSARTx Baud Rate Generator Register Low Byte
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for synchronous slave reception.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 259
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 260
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The module has five registers:
21.0 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL
CONVERTER (A/D) MODULE
• A/D Result High Register (ADRESH)
• A/D Result Low Register (ADRESL)
• A/D Control Register 0 (ADCON0)
• A/D Control Register 1 (ADCON1)
• A/D Control Register 2 (ADCON2)
The Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Converter module has
11 inputs for the 64-pin devices and 15 for the 80-pin
devices. This module allows conversion of an analog
input signal to a corresponding 10-bit digital number.
The ADCON0 register, shown in Register 21-1,
controls the operation of the A/D module. The
ADCON1 register, shown in Register 21-2, configures
the functions of the port pins. The ADCON2 register,
shown in Register 21-3, configures the A/D clock
source, programmed acquisition time and justification.
REGISTER 21-1: ADCON0: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 0
R/W-0
U-0
—
R/W-0
CHS3
R/W-0
CHS2
R/W-0
CHS1
R/W-0
CHS0
R/W-0
R/W-0
ADON
ADCAL
GO/DONE
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
ADCAL: A/D Calibration bit
1= Calibration is performed on next A/D conversion
0= Normal A/D Converter operation (no calibration is performed)
bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-2
CHS<3:0>: Analog Channel Select bits
0000= Channel 0 (AN0)
0001= Channel 1 (AN1)
0010= Channel 2 (AN2)
0011= Channel 3 (AN3)
0100= Channel 4 (AN4)
0101= Unused
0110= Channel 6 (AN6)
0111= Channel 7 (AN7)
1000= Channel 8 (AN8)
1001= Channel 9 (AN9)
1010= Channel 10 (AN10)
1011= Channel 11 (AN11)
1100= Channel 12 (AN12)(1,2)
1101= Unimplemented(1,2)
1110= Unimplemented(1,2)
1111= Unimplemented(1,2)
bit 1
bit 0
GO/DONE: A/D Conversion Status bit
When ADON = 1:
1= A/D conversion in progress
0= A/D Idle
ADON: A/D On bit
1= A/D converter module is enabled
0= A/D converter module is disabled
Note 1: These channels are not implemented on 64-pin devices.
2: Performing a conversion on unimplemented channels will return random values.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 261
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 21-2: ADCON1: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 1
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
VCFG1
VCFG0
PCFG3
PCFG2
PCFG1
PCFG0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-6
bit 5
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
VCFG1: Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF- source)
1= VREF- (AN2)
0= AVSS
bit 4
VCFG0: Voltage Reference Configuration bit (VREF+ source)
1= VREF+ (AN3)
0= AVDD
bit 3-0
PCFG<3:0>: A/D Port Configuration Control bits:
PCFG<3:0>
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
D
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
D
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
A = Analog input
D = Digital I/O
Note 1: AN12 through AN15 are available only in 80-pin devices.
DS39663F-page 262
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 21-3: ADCON2: A/D CONTROL REGISTER 2
R/W-0
ADFM
U-0
—
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
R/W-0
ACQT2
ACQT1
ACQT0
ADCS2
ADCS1
ADCS0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
ADFM: A/D Result Format Select bit
1= Right justified
0= Left justified
bit 6
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
bit 5-3
ACQT<2:0>: A/D Acquisition Time Select bits
111= 20 TAD
110= 16 TAD
101= 12 TAD
100= 8 TAD
011= 6 TAD
010= 4 TAD
001= 2 TAD
(1)
000= 0 TAD
bit 2-0
ADCS<2:0>: A/D Conversion Clock Select bits
111= FRC (clock derived from A/D RC oscillator)(1)
110= FOSC/64
101= FOSC/16
100= FOSC/4
011= FRC (clock derived from A/D RC oscillator)(1)
010= FOSC/32
001= FOSC/8
000= FOSC/2
Note 1: If the A/D FRC clock source is selected, a delay of one TCY (instruction cycle) is added before the A/D clock
starts. This allows the SLEEPinstruction to be executed before starting a conversion.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 263
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The analog reference voltage is software selectable to
either the device’s positive and negative supply voltage
(AVDD and AVSS), or the voltage level on the
RA3/AN3/VREF+ and RA2/AN2/VREF- pins.
the A/D conversion. When the A/D conversion is com-
plete, the result is loaded into the ADRESH:ADRESL
register pair, the GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<1>) is
cleared and A/D Interrupt Flag bit, ADIF, is set.
The A/D Converter has a unique feature of being able
to operate while the device is in Sleep mode. To
operate in Sleep, the A/D conversion clock must be
derived from the A/D’s internal RC oscillator.
A device Reset forces all registers to their Reset state.
This forces the A/D module to be turned off and any
conversion in progress is aborted. The value in the
ADRESH:ADRESL register pair is not modified for a
Power-on Reset. These registers will contain unknown
data after a Power-on Reset.
The output of the sample and hold is the input into the
converter, which generates the result via successive
approximation.
The block diagram of the A/D module is shown in
Figure 21-1.
Each port pin associated with the A/D Converter can be
configured as an analog input or as a digital I/O. The
ADRESH and ADRESL registers contain the result of
FIGURE 21-1:
A/D BLOCK DIAGRAM
CHS<3:0>
1111
AN15(1)
1110
AN14(1)
1101
AN13(1)
1100
AN12(1)
1011
AN11
1010
AN10
1001
AN9
1000
AN8
0111
AN7
0110
AN6
0100
AN4
VAIN
0011
(Input Voltage)
10-Bit
A/D
Converter
AN3
0010
AN2
0001
VCFG<1:0>
AN1
0000
(2)
VDD
AN0
VREF+
VREF-
Reference
Voltage
(2)
VSS
Note 1: Channels AN15 through AN12 are not available on 64-pin devices.
2: I/O pins have diode protection to VDD and VSS.
DS39663F-page 264
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
After the A/D module has been configured as desired,
the selected channel must be acquired before the
conversion is started. The analog input channels must
have their corresponding TRIS bits selected as an
input. To determine acquisition time, see Section 21.1
“A/D Acquisition Requirements”. After this acquisi-
tion time has elapsed, the A/D conversion can be
started. An acquisition time can be programmed to
occur between setting the GO/DONE bit and the actual
start of the conversion.
3. Wait the required acquisition time (if required).
4. Start conversion:
• Set GO/DONE bit (ADCON0<1>)
5. Wait for A/D conversion to complete, by either:
• Polling for the GO/DONE bit to be cleared
OR
• Waiting for the A/D interrupt
6. Read A/D Result registers (ADRESH:ADRESL);
clear bit, ADIF, if required.
The following steps should be followed to do an A/D
conversion:
7. For next conversion, go to step 1 or step 2, as
required. The A/D conversion time per bit is
defined as TAD. A minimum wait of 2 TAD is
required before next acquisition starts.
1. Configure the A/D module:
• Configure analog pins, voltage reference and
digital I/O (ADCON1)
• Select A/D input channel (ADCON0)
• Select A/D acquisition time (ADCON2)
• Select A/D conversion clock (ADCON2)
• Turn on A/D module (ADCON0)
2. Configure A/D interrupt (if desired):
• Clear ADIF bit
• Set ADIE bit
• Set GIE bit
FIGURE 21-2:
ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD
Sampling
Switch
VT = 0.6V
ANx
SS
RIC ≤ 1k
RSS
RS
CPIN
VAIN
ILEAKAGE
±100 nA
CHOLD = 25 pF
VT = 0.6V
5 pF
VSS
Legend: CPIN
= Input Capacitance
= Threshold Voltage
6V
5V
VDD 4V
VT
ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to
various junctions
3V
RIC
= Interconnect Resistance
2V
SS
= Sampling Switch
CHOLD
RSS
= Sample/Hold Capacitance (from DAC)
= Sampling Switch Resistance
1
2
3
4
Sampling Switch (kΩ)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 265
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
To calculate the minimum acquisition time,
Equation 21-1 may be used. This equation assumes
that 1/2 LSb error is used (1024 steps for the A/D). The
1/2 LSb error is the maximum error allowed for the A/D
to meet its specified resolution.
21.1 A/D Acquisition Requirements
For the A/D Converter to meet its specified accuracy,
the charge holding capacitor (CHOLD) must be allowed
to fully charge to the input channel voltage level. The
analog input model is shown in Figure 21-2. The
source impedance (RS) and the internal sampling
switch (RSS) impedance directly affect the time
required to charge the capacitor, CHOLD. The sampling
switch (RSS) impedance varies over the device voltage
(VDD). The source impedance affects the offset voltage
at the analog input (due to pin leakage current). The
maximum recommended impedance for analog
sources is 2.5 kΩ. After the analog input channel is
selected (changed), the channel must be sampled for
at least the minimum acquisition time before starting a
conversion.
Equation 21-3 shows the calculation of the minimum
required acquisition time, TACQ. This calculation is
based on the following application system
assumptions:
CHOLD
Rs
Conversion Error
VDD
Temperature
=
=
≤
=
=
25 pF
2.5 kΩ
1/2 LSb
3V → Rss = 2 kΩ
85°C (system max.)
Note: When the conversion is started, the
holding capacitor is disconnected from the
input pin.
EQUATION 21-1: ACQUISITION TIME
TACQ
=
=
Amplifier Settling Time + Holding Capacitor Charging Time + Temperature Coefficient
TAMP + TC + TCOFF
EQUATION 21-2: A/D MINIMUM CHARGING TIME
VHOLD
or
TC
=
=
(VREF – (VREF/2048)) • (1 – e(-TC/CHOLD(RIC + RSS + RS))
)
-(CHOLD)(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/2048)
EQUATION 21-3: CALCULATING THE MINIMUM REQUIRED ACQUISITION TIME
TACQ
TAMP
TCOFF
=
=
=
TAMP + TC + TCOFF
0.2 μs
(Temp – 25°C)(0.02 μs/°C)
(85°C – 25°C)(0.02 μs/°C)
1.2 μs
Temperature coefficient is only required for temperatures > 25°C. Below 25°C, TCOFF = 0 ms.
TC
=
-(CHOLD)(RIC + RSS + RS) ln(1/2048) μs
-(25 pF) (1 kΩ + 2 kΩ + 2.5 kΩ) ln(0.0004883) μs
1.05 μs
TACQ
=
0.2 μs + 1 μs + 1.2 μs
2.4 μs
DS39663F-page 266
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 21-1: TAD vs. DEVICE OPERATING
FREQUENCIES
21.2 Selecting and Configuring
Automatic Acquisition Time
AD Clock Source (TAD)
Maximum
Device
Frequency
The ADCON2 register allows the user to select an
acquisition time that occurs each time the GO/DONE
bit is set.
Operation
ADCS<2:0>
2 TOSC
4 TOSC
8 TOSC
16 TOSC
32 TOSC
64 TOSC
RC(2)
000
100
001
101
010
110
x11
2.86 MHz
5.71 MHz
11.43 MHz
22.86 MHz
40.0 MHz
40.0 MHz
1.00 MHz(1)
When the GO/DONE bit is set, sampling is stopped and
a conversion begins. The user is responsible for ensur-
ing the required acquisition time has passed between
selecting the desired input channel and setting the
GO/DONE bit. This occurs when the ACQT<2:0> bits
(ADCON2<5:3>) remain in their Reset state (‘000’) and
is compatible with devices that do not offer
programmable acquisition times.
If desired, the ACQT bits can be set to select a pro-
grammable acquisition time for the A/D module. When
the GO/DONE bit is set, the A/D module continues to
sample the input for the selected acquisition time, then
automatically begins a conversion. Since the acquisi-
tion time is programmed, there may be no need to wait
for an acquisition time between selecting a channel and
setting the GO/DONE bit.
Note 1: The RC source has a typical TAD time of
4 μs.
2: For device frequencies above 1 MHz, the
device must be in Sleep mode for the entire
conversion or the A/D accuracy may be out
of specification.
21.4 Configuring Analog Port Pins
In either case, when the conversion is completed, the
GO/DONE bit is cleared, the ADIF flag is set and the
A/D begins sampling the currently selected channel
again. If an acquisition time is programmed, there is
nothing to indicate if the acquisition time has ended or
if the conversion has begun.
The ADCON1, TRISA, TRISF and TRISH registers
control the operation of the A/D port pins. The port pins
needed as analog inputs must have their correspond-
ing TRIS bits set (input). If the TRIS bit is cleared
(output), the digital output level (VOH or VOL) will be
converted.
21.3 Selecting the A/D Conversion
Clock
The A/D operation is independent of the state of the
CHS<3:0> bits and the TRIS bits.
Note 1: When reading the port register, all pins
configured as analog input channels will
read as cleared (a low level). Pins config-
ured as digital inputs will convert an
analog input. Analog levels on a digitally
configured input will be accurately
converted.
The A/D conversion time per bit is defined as TAD. The
A/D conversion requires 11 TAD per 10-bit conversion.
The source of the A/D conversion clock is software
selectable.
There are seven possible options for TAD:
• 2 TOSC
• 4 TOSC
2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a
digital input may cause the digital input
buffer to consume current out of the
device’s specification limits.
• 8 TOSC
• 16 TOSC
• 32 TOSC
• 64 TOSC
• Internal RC Oscillator
For correct A/D conversions, the A/D conversion clock
(TAD) must be as short as possible but greater than the
minimum TAD (see parameter 130 in Table 27-27 for
more information).
Table 21-1 shows the resultant TAD times derived from
the device operating frequencies and the A/D clock
source selected.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 267
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
21.5 A/D Conversions
21.6 Use of the ECCP2 Trigger
Figure 21-3 shows the operation of the A/D Converter
after the GO/DONE bit has been set and the
ACQT<2:0> bits are cleared. A conversion is started
after the following instruction to allow entry into Sleep
mode before the conversion begins.
An A/D conversion can be started by the “Special Event
Trigger” of the ECCP2 module. This requires that the
CCP2M<3:0> bits (CCP2CON<3:0>) be programmed
as ‘1011’ and that the A/D module is enabled (ADON
bit is set). When the trigger occurs, the GO/DONE bit
will be set, starting the A/D acquisition and conversion
and the Timer1 (or Timer3) counter will be reset to zero.
Timer1 (or Timer3) is reset to automatically repeat the
A/D acquisition period with minimal software overhead
(moving ADRESH/ADRESL to the desired location).
The appropriate analog input channel must be selected
and the minimum acquisition period is either timed by
the user, or an appropriate TACQ time is selected before
the Special Event Trigger sets the GO/DONE bit (starts
a conversion).
Figure 21-4 shows the operation of the A/D Converter
after the GO/DONE bit has been set, the ACQT<2:0>
bits are set to ‘010’ and a 4 TAD acquisition time has
been selected before the conversion starts.
Clearing the GO/DONE bit during a conversion will
abort the current conversion. The A/D Result register
pair will NOT be updated with the partially completed
A/D
conversion
sample.
This
means
the
ADRESH:ADRESL registers will continue to contain
the value of the last completed conversion (or the last
value written to the ADRESH:ADRESL registers).
If the A/D module is not enabled (ADON is cleared), the
Special Event Trigger will be ignored by the A/D module
but will still reset the Timer1 (or Timer3) counter.
After the A/D conversion is completed or aborted, a
2 TAD wait is required before the next acquisition can be
started. After this wait, acquisition on the selected
channel is automatically started.
Note: The GO/DONE bit should NOT be set in
the same instruction that turns on the A/D.
FIGURE 21-3:
A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 000, TACQ = 0)
TCY - TAD
TAD8 TAD9 TAD10 TAD11
TAD1 TAD2 TAD3 TAD4 TAD5 TAD6 TAD7
b4
b1
b0
b9
b8
b7
b6
b5
b3
b2
Conversion starts
Holding capacitor is disconnected from analog input (typically 100 ns)
Set GO/DONE bit
Next Q4: ADRESH/ADRESL is loaded, GO/DONE bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is connected to analog input.
FIGURE 21-4:
A/D CONVERSION TAD CYCLES (ACQT<2:0> = 010, TACQ = 4 TAD)
TAD Cycles
TACQT Cycles
7
8
9
10
b1
11
b0
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
b7
b6
b3
b2
b8
b5
b4
b9
Automatic
Acquisition
Time
Conversion starts
(Holding capacitor is disconnected)
Set GO/DONE bit
(Holding capacitor continues
acquiring input)
Next Q4: ADRESH:ADRESL is loaded, GO/DONE bit is cleared,
ADIF bit is set, holding capacitor is reconnected to analog input.
DS39663F-page 268
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
If the A/D is expected to operate while the device is in
21.7 A/D Converter Calibration
a
power-managed mode, the ACQT<2:0> and
The A/D Converter in the PIC18F87J10 family of
devices includes a self-calibration feature which com-
pensates for any offset generated within the module.
The calibration process is automated and is initiated by
setting the ADCAL bit (ADCON0<7>). The next time
the GO/DONE bit is set, the module will perform a
“dummy” conversion (that is, with reading none of the
input channels) and store the resulting value internally
to compensate for offset. Thus, subsequent offsets will
be compensated.
ADCS<2:0> bits in ADCON2 should be updated in
accordance with the power-managed mode clock that
will be used. After the power-managed mode is entered
(either of the power-managed Run modes), an A/D
acquisition or conversion may be started. Once an
acquisition or conversion is started, the device should
continue to be clocked by the same power-managed
mode clock source until the conversion has been com-
pleted. If desired, the device may be placed into the
corresponding power-managed Idle mode during the
conversion.
The calibration process assumes that the device is in a
relatively steady-state operating condition. If A/D
calibration is used, it should be performed after each
device Reset or if there are other major changes in
operating conditions.
If the power-managed mode clock frequency is less
than 1 MHz, the A/D RC clock source should be
selected.
Operation in the Sleep mode requires the A/D RC clock
to be selected. If bits, ACQT<2:0>, are set to ‘000’ and
a conversion is started, the conversion will be delayed
one instruction cycle to allow execution of the SLEEP
instruction and entry to Sleep mode. The IDLEN and
SCS bits in the OSCCON register must have already
been cleared prior to starting the conversion.
21.8 Operation in Power-Managed
Modes
The selection of the automatic acquisition time and A/D
conversion clock is determined in part by the clock
source and frequency while in a power-managed
mode.
TABLE 21-2: SUMMARY OF A/D REGISTERS
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
INTCON
PIR1
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
TX1IF
TX1IE
TX1IP
—
RBIE
TMR0IF
CCP1IF
CCP1IE
CCP1IP
—
INT0IF
TMR2IF
TMR2IE
TMR2IP
TMR3IF
TMR3IE
TMR3IP
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
55
54
54
54
54
54
55
56
56
56
56
56
56
PSPIF
PSPIE
ADIF
ADIE
ADIP
CMIF
CMIE
CMIP
RC1IF
RC1IE
RC1IP
—
SSP1IF
SSP1IE
SSP1IP
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
BCL1IP
TMR1IF
TMR1IE
TMR1IP
CCP2IF
CCP2IE
CCP2IP
PIE1
IPR1
PSPIP
PIR2
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
OSCFIP
PIE2
—
—
—
IPR2
—
—
—
ADRESH
ADRESL
ADCON0
ADCON1
ADCON2
CCP2CON
PORTA
TRISA
A/D Result Register High Byte
A/D Result Register Low Byte
ADCAL
—
—
—
CHS3
VCFG1
ACQT2
DC2B1
RA5
CHS3
VCFG0
ACQT1
CHS1
PCFG3
ACQT0
CHS0 GO/DONE ADON
PCFG2
ADCS2
PCFG1
ADCS1
PCFG0
ADCS0
ADFM
P2M1
—
—
P2M0
—
DC2B0 CCP2M3 CCP2M2 CCP2M1 CCP2M0
RA4
TRISA4
RF4
RA3
TRISA3
RF3
RA2
TRISA2
RF2
RA1
TRISA1
RF1
RA0
TRISA0
—
—
—
TRISA5
RF5
PORTF
TRISF
PORTH(1)
TRISH(1)
RF7
RF6
TRISF4
RH6
TRISH6
TRISF5
RH7
TRISF5
RH5
TRISF4
RH4
TRISF3
RH3
TRISF2
RH2
TRISF1
RH1
—
RH0
TRISH7
TRISH5
TRISH4
TRISH3
TRISH2
TRISH1
TRISH0
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used for A/D conversion.
Note 1: This register is not implemented on 64-pin devices.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 269
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 270
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The CMCON register (Register 22-1) selects the
comparator input and output configuration. Block
diagrams of the various comparator configurations are
shown in Figure 22-1.
22.0 COMPARATOR MODULE
The analog comparator module contains two
comparators that can be configured in a variety of
ways. The inputs can be selected from the analog
inputs multiplexed with pins RF1 through RF6, as well
as the on-chip voltage reference (see Section 23.0
“Comparator Voltage Reference Module”). The digi-
tal outputs (normal or inverted) are available at the pin
level and can also be read through the control register.
REGISTER 22-1: CMCON: COMPARATOR CONTROL REGISTER
R-0
R-0
R/W-0
C2INV
R/W-0
C1INV
R/W-0
CIS
R/W-1
CM2
R/W-1
CM1
R/W-1
CM0
C2OUT
C1OUT
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7
C2OUT: Comparator 2 Output bit
When C2INV = 0:
1= C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
0= C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
When C2INV = 1:
1= C2 VIN+ < C2 VIN-
0= C2 VIN+ > C2 VIN-
bit 6
C1OUT: Comparator 1 Output bit
When C1INV = 0:
1= C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
0= C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
When C1INV = 1:
1= C1 VIN+ < C1 VIN-
0= C1 VIN+ > C1 VIN-
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3
C2INV: Comparator 2 Output Inversion bit
1= C2 output inverted
0= C2 output not inverted
C1INV: Comparator 1 Output Inversion bit
1= C1 output inverted
0= C1 output not inverted
CIS: Comparator Input Switch bit
When CM<2:0> = 110:
1= C1 VIN- connects to RA5/AN10/CVREF
C2 VIN- connects to RF3/AN8
0= C1 VIN- connects to RF6/AN11
C2 VIN- connects to RF4/AN9
bit 2-0
CM<2:0>: Comparator Mode bits
Figure 22-1 shows the Comparator modes and the CM<2:0> bit settings.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 271
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
mode is changed, the comparator output level may not
be valid for the specified mode change delay shown in
Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
22.1 Comparator Configuration
There are eight modes of operation for the compara-
tors, shown in Figure 22-1. Bits, CM<2:0>, of the
CMCON register are used to select these modes. The
TRISF register controls the data direction of the
comparator pins for each mode. If the Comparator
Note:
Comparator interrupts should be disabled
during Comparator mode change;
otherwise, a false interrupt may occur.
a
FIGURE 22-1:
COMPARATOR I/O OPERATING MODES
Comparator Outputs Disabled
Comparators Off (POR Default Value)
CM<2:0> = 000
CM<2:0> = 111
A
D
VIN-
VIN-
RF6/AN11
RF6/AN11
Off (Read as ‘0’)
Off (Read as ‘0’)
Off (Read as ‘0’)
Off (Read as ‘0’)
C1
C2
C1
C2
VIN+
VIN+
A
D
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
A
A
D
VIN-
VIN-
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
RF4/AN9
VIN+
VIN+
D
RF3/AN8
Two Independent Comparators
Two Independent Comparators with Outputs
CM<2:0> = 010
CM<2:0> = 011
A
A
VIN-
VIN-
RF6/AN11
RF6/AN11
C1OUT
C2OUT
C1OUT
C2OUT
C1
C2
C1
C2
VIN+
VIN+
A
A
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
RF2/AN7/C1OUT*
A
A
VIN-
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
A
VIN-
RF4/AN9
VIN+
VIN+
A
RF3/AN8
RF1/AN6/C2OUT*
Two Common Reference Comparators
Two Common Reference Comparators with Outputs
CM<2:0> = 100
CM<2:0> = 101
A
A
VIN-
VIN-
RF6/AN11
RF6/AN11
C1OUT
C2OUT
C1OUT
C1
C2
C1
C2
VIN+
VIN+
A
A
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
RF2/AN7/C1OUT*
A
D
VIN-
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
A
D
VIN-
VIN+
C2OUT
VIN+
RF1/AN6/C2OUT*
Four Inputs Multiplexed to Two Comparators
One Independent Comparator with Output
CM<2:0> = 110
CM<2:0> = 001
A
RF6/AN11
A
A
VIN-
RF6/AN11
CIS = 0
CIS = 1
VIN-
A
C1OUT
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
C1
VIN+
C1OUT
C2OUT
RF5/AN10/
CVREF
C1
C2
VIN+
A
A
RF2/AN7/C1OUT*
RF4/AN9
RF3/AN8
VIN-
CIS = 0
CIS = 1
VIN+
D
VIN-
RF4/AN9
Off (Read as ‘0’)
C2
VIN+
D
RF3/AN8
CVREF
From VREF module
A = Analog Input, port reads zeros always
D = Digital Input
CIS (CMCON<3>) is the Comparator Input Switch
* Setting the TRISF<2:1> bits will disable the comparator outputs by configuring the pins as inputs.
DS39663F-page 272
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
22.3.2
INTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
22.2 Comparator Operation
The comparator module also allows the selection of an
internally generated voltage reference from the
comparator voltage reference module. This module is
described in more detail in Section 23.0 “Comparator
Voltage Reference Module”.
A single comparator is shown in Figure 22-2, along with
the relationship between the analog input levels and
the digital output. When the analog input at VIN+ is less
than the analog input VIN-, the output of the comparator
is a digital low level. When the analog input at VIN+ is
greater than the analog input VIN-, the output of the
comparator is a digital high level. The shaded areas of
the output of the comparator in Figure 22-2 represent
the uncertainty due to input offsets and response time.
The internal reference is only available in the mode
where four inputs are multiplexed to two comparators
(CM<2:0> = 110). In this mode, the internal voltage
reference is applied to the VIN+ pin of both
comparators.
22.3 Comparator Reference
22.4 Comparator Response Time
Depending on the comparator operating mode, either
an external or internal voltage reference may be used.
The analog signal present at VIN- is compared to the
signal at VIN+ and the digital output of the comparator
is adjusted accordingly (Figure 22-2).
Response time is the minimum time, after selecting a
new reference voltage or input source, before the
comparator output has a valid level. If the internal ref-
erence is changed, the maximum delay of the internal
voltage reference must be considered when using the
comparator outputs. Otherwise, the maximum delay of
the comparators should be used (see Section 27.0
“Electrical Characteristics”).
FIGURE 22-2:
SINGLE COMPARATOR
VIN+
VIN-
+
22.5 Comparator Outputs
Output
–
The comparator outputs are read through the CMCON
register. These bits are read-only. The comparator
outputs may also be directly output to the RF1 and RF2
I/O pins. When enabled, multiplexors in the output path
of the RF1 and RF2 pins will switch and the output of
each pin will be the unsynchronized output of the
comparator. The uncertainty of each of the
comparators is related to the input offset voltage and
the response time given in the specifications.
Figure 22-3 shows the comparator output block
diagram.
VIN-
VIN+
Output
The TRISF bits will still function as an output enable/
disable for the RF1 and RF2 pins while in this mode.
The polarity of the comparator outputs can be changed
using the C2INV and C1INV bits (CMCON<5:4>).
22.3.1
EXTERNAL REFERENCE SIGNAL
Note 1: When reading the PORT register, all pins
configured as analog inputs will read as a
‘0’. Pins configured as digital inputs will
convert an analog input according to the
Schmitt Trigger input specification.
When external voltage references are used, the
comparator module can be configured to have the com-
parators operate from the same or different reference
sources. However, threshold detector applications may
require the same reference. The reference signal must
be between VSS and VDD and can be applied to either
pin of the comparator(s).
2: Analog levels on any pin defined as a
digital input may cause the input buffer to
consume more current than is specified.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 273
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 22-3:
COMPARATOR OUTPUT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Port Pins
To RF1 or
RF2 Pin
D
Q
Bus
Data
CxINV
EN
Read CMCON
D
Q
Set
CMIF
bit
EN
CL
From
Other
Comparator
Reset
22.6 Comparator Interrupts
22.7 Comparator Operation
During Sleep
The comparator interrupt flag is set whenever there is
a change in the output value of either comparator.
Software will need to maintain information about the
status of the output bits, as read from CMCON<7:6>, to
determine the actual change that occurred. The CMIF
bit (PIR2<6>) is the Comparator Interrupt Flag. The
CMIF bit must be reset by clearing it. Since it is also
possible to write a ‘1’ to this register, a simulated
interrupt may be initiated.
When a comparator is active and the device is placed
in Sleep mode, the comparator remains active and the
interrupt is functional, if enabled. This interrupt will
wake-up the device from Sleep mode, when enabled.
Each operational comparator will consume additional
current, as shown in the comparator specifications. To
minimize power consumption while in Sleep mode, turn
off the comparators (CM<2:0> = 111) before entering
Sleep. If the device wakes up from Sleep, the contents
of the CMCON register are not affected.
Both the CMIE bit (PIE2<6>) and the PEIE bit
(INTCON<6>) must be set to enable the interrupt. In
addition, the GIE bit (INTCON<7>) must also be set. If
any of these bits are clear, the interrupt is not enabled,
though the CMIF bit will still be set if an interrupt
condition occurs.
22.8 Effects of a Reset
A device Reset forces the CMCON register to its Reset
state, causing the comparator modules to be turned off
(CM<2:0> = 111). However, the input pins (RF3
through RF6) are configured as analog inputs by
default on device Reset. The I/O configuration for these
pins is determined by the setting of the PCFG<3:0> bits
(ADCON1<3:0>). Therefore, device current is
minimized when analog inputs are present at Reset
time.
Note:
If a change in the CMCON register
(C1OUT or C2OUT) should occur when a
read operation is being executed (start of
the Q2 cycle), then the CMIF (PIR2
register) interrupt flag may not get set.
The user, in the Interrupt Service Routine, can clear the
interrupt in the following manner:
a) Any read or write of CMCON will end the
mismatch condition.
b) Clear flag bit, CMIF.
A mismatch condition will continue to set flag bit, CMIF.
Reading CMCON will end the mismatch condition and
allow flag bit, CMIF, to be cleared.
DS39663F-page 274
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
range by more than 0.6V in either direction, one of the
diodes is forward biased and a latch-up condition may
occur. A maximum source impedance of 10 kΩ is
recommended for the analog sources. Any external
component connected to an analog input pin, such as
a capacitor or a Zener diode, should have very little
leakage current.
22.9 Analog Input Connection
Considerations
A simplified circuit for an analog input is shown in
Figure 22-4. Since the analog pins are connected to a
digital output, they have reverse biased diodes to VDD
and VSS. The analog input, therefore, must be between
VSS and VDD. If the input voltage deviates from this
FIGURE 22-4:
COMPARATOR ANALOG INPUT MODEL
VDD
VT = 0.6V
RIC
RS < 10k
AIN
Comparator
Input
ILEAKAGE
±500 nA
CPIN
5 pF
VA
VT = 0.6V
VSS
Legend: CPIN
=
=
Input Capacitance
Threshold Voltage
VT
ILEAKAGE = Leakage Current at the pin due to various junctions
RIC
RS
VA
=
=
=
Interconnect Resistance
Source Impedance
Analog Voltage
TABLE 22-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR MODULE
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
INTCON
PIR2
GIE/GIEH PEIE/GIEL TMR0IE
INT0IE
—
RBIE
BCL1IF
BCL1IE
BCL1IP
CIS
TMR0IF
—
INT0IF
RBIF
53
55
55
55
55
55
56
56
56
OSCFIF
OSCFIE
OSCFIP
C2OUT
CVREN
RF7
CMIF
CMIE
—
—
TMR3IF CCP2IF
TMR3IE CCP2IE
TMR3IP CCP2IP
PIE2
—
—
IPR2
CMIP
—
—
—
CMCON
CVRCON
PORTF
LATF
C1OUT
CVROE
RF6
C2INV
CVRR
RF5
C1INV
CVRSS
RF4
CM2
CVR2
RF2
CM1
CVR1
RF1
CM0
CVR0
—
CVR3
RF3
LATF7
LATF6
TRISF6
LATF5
TRISF5
LATF4
TRISF4
LATF3
TRISF3
LATF2
TRISF2
LATF1
TRISF1
—
TRISF
TRISF7
—
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are unused by the comparator module.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 275
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 276
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
to be used is selected by the CVRR bit (CVRCON<5>).
The primary difference between the ranges is the size
of the steps selected by the CVREF Selection bits
(CVR<3:0>), with one range offering finer resolution.
The equations used to calculate the output of the
comparator voltage reference are as follows:
23.0 COMPARATOR VOLTAGE
REFERENCE MODULE
The comparator voltage reference is a 16-tap resistor
ladder network that provides a selectable reference
voltage. Although its primary purpose is to provide a
reference for the analog comparators, it may also be
used independently of them.
If CVRR = 1:
CVREF = ((CVR<3:0>)/24) x (CVRSRC)
A block diagram of the module is shown in Figure 23-1.
The resistor ladder is segmented to provide two ranges
of CVREF values and has a power-down function to
conserve power when the reference is not being used.
The module’s supply reference can be provided from
either device VDD/VSS or an external voltage reference.
If CVRR = 0:
CVREF = (CVRSRC/4) + ((CVR<3:0>)/32) x
(CVRSRC)
The comparator reference supply voltage can come
from either VDD and VSS, or the external VREF+ and
VREF- that are multiplexed with RA2 and RA3. The
voltage source is selected by the CVRSS bit
(CVRCON<4>).
23.1 Configuring the Comparator
Voltage Reference
The settling time of the comparator voltage reference
must be considered when changing the CVREF
output (see Table 27-3 in Section 27.0 “Electrical
Characteristics”).
The comparator voltage reference module is controlled
through the CVRCON register (Register 23-1). The
comparator voltage reference provides two ranges of
output voltage, each with 16 distinct levels. The range
REGISTER 23-1: CVRCON: COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE CONTROL REGISTER
R/W-0
R/W-0
CVROE(1)
R/W-0
CVRR
R/W-0
R/W-0
CVR3
R/W-0
CVR2
R/W-0
CVR1
R/W-0
CVR0
CVREN
CVRSS
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
-n = Value at POR
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
bit 4
bit 3-0
CVREN: Comparator Voltage Reference Enable bit
1= CVREF circuit powered on
0= CVREF circuit powered down
CVROE: Comparator VREF Output Enable bit(1)
1= CVREF voltage level is also output on the RF5/AN10/CVREF pin
0= CVREF voltage is disconnected from the RF5/AN10/CVREF pin
CVRR: Comparator VREF Range Selection bit
1= 0 to 0.667 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/24 step size (low range)
0= 0.25 CVRSRC to 0.75 CVRSRC, with CVRSRC/32 step size (high range)
CVRSS: Comparator VREF Source Selection bit
1= Comparator reference source, CVRSRC = (VREF+) – (VREF-)
0= Comparator reference source, CVRSRC = VDD – VSS
CVR<3:0>: Comparator VREF Value Selection bits (0 ≤ (CVR<3:0>) ≤ 15)
When CVRR = 1:
CVREF = ((CVR<3:0>)/24) • (CVRSRC)
When CVRR = 0:
CVREF = (CVRSRC/4) + ((CVR<3:0>)/32) • (CVRSRC)
Note 1: CVROE overrides the TRISF<5> bit setting.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 277
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 23-1:
COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE BLOCK DIAGRAM
CVRSS = 1
CVRSS = 0
VREF+
VDD
8R
CVR<3:0>
R
CVREN
R
R
R
16 Steps
CVREF
R
R
R
CVRR
VREF-
8R
CVRSS = 1
CVRSS = 0
23.2 Voltage Reference Accuracy/Error
23.4 Effects of a Reset
The full range of voltage reference cannot be realized
due to the construction of the module. The transistors
on the top and bottom of the resistor ladder network
(Figure 23-1) keep CVREF from approaching the refer-
ence source rails. The voltage reference is derived
from the reference source; therefore, the CVREF output
changes with fluctuations in that source. The tested
absolute accuracy of the voltage reference can be
found in Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
A device Reset disables the voltage reference by
clearing bit, CVREN (CVRCON<7>). This Reset also
disconnects the reference from the RA2 pin by clearing
bit, CVROE (CVRCON<6>), and selects the high-
voltage range by clearing bit, CVRR (CVRCON<5>).
The CVR value select bits are also cleared.
23.5 Connection Considerations
The voltage reference module operates independently
of the comparator module. The output of the reference
generator may be connected to the RF5 pin if the
CVROE bit is set. Enabling the voltage reference out-
put onto RA2 when it is configured as a digital input will
increase current consumption. Connecting RF5 as a
digital output with CVRSS enabled will also increase
current consumption.
23.3 Operation During Sleep
When the device wakes up from Sleep through an
interrupt or a Watchdog Timer time-out, the contents of
the CVRCON register are not affected. To minimize
current consumption in Sleep mode, the voltage
reference should be disabled.
The RF5 pin can be used as a simple D/A output with
limited drive capability. Due to the limited current drive
capability, a buffer must be used on the voltage
reference output for external connections to VREF.
Figure 23-2 shows an example buffering technique.
DS39663F-page 278
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 23-2:
COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE OUTPUT BUFFER EXAMPLE
PIC18F87J10
CVREF
(1)
R
Module
+
–
CVREF Output
RF5
Voltage
Reference
Output
Impedance
Note 1: R is dependent upon the comparator voltage reference Configuration bits, CVRCON<5> and CVRCON<3:0>.
TABLE 23-1: REGISTERS ASSOCIATED WITH COMPARATOR VOLTAGE REFERENCE
Reset
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Values
on page
CVRCON
CMCON
TRISF
CVREN
C2OUT
TRISF7
CVROE
C1OUT
TRISF6
CVRR
C2INV
CVRSS
C1INV
CVR3
CIS
CVR2
CM2
CVR1
CM1
CVR0
CM0
—
55
55
56
TRISF5 TRISF4
TRISF3
TRISF2
TRISF1
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used with the comparator voltage reference.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 279
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 280
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
24.1.1
CONSIDERATIONS FOR
CONFIGURING THE PIC18F87J10
FAMILY DEVICES
24.0 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE
CPU
PIC18F87J10 family devices include several features
intended to maximize reliability and minimize cost
through elimination of external components. These are:
Unlike previous PIC18 microcontrollers, devices of the
PIC18F87J10 family do not use persistent memory
registers to store configuration information. The config-
uration bytes are implemented as volatile memory
which means that configuration data must be
programmed each time the device is powered up.
• Oscillator Selection
• Resets:
- Power-on Reset (POR)
- Power-up Timer (PWRT)
- Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)
- Brown-out Reset (BOR)
• Interrupts
Configuration data is stored in the four words at the top
of the on-chip program memory space, known as the
Flash Configuration Words. It is stored in program
memory in the same order shown in Table 24-2, with
CONFIG1L at the lowest address and CONFIG3H at
the highest. The data is automatically loaded in the
proper Configuration registers during device power-up.
• Watchdog Timer (WDT)
• Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
• Two-Speed Start-up
• Code Protection
When creating applications for these devices, users
should always specifically allocate the location of the
Flash Configuration Word for configuration data; this is
to make certain that program code is not stored in this
address when the code is compiled.
• In-Circuit Serial Programming
The oscillator can be configured for the application
depending on frequency, power, accuracy and cost. All
of the options are discussed in detail in Section 3.0
“Oscillator Configurations”.
The volatile memory cells used for the Configuration
bits always reset to ‘1’ on Power-on Resets. For all
other type of Reset events, the previously programmed
values are maintained and used without reloading from
program memory.
A complete discussion of device Resets and interrupts
is available in previous sections of this data sheet.
In addition to their Power-up and Oscillator Start-up
Timers provided for Resets, the PIC18F87J10 family of
devices have a configurable Watchdog Timer which is
controlled in software.
The four Most Significant bits of CONFIG1H,
CONFIG2H and CONFIG3H in program memory
should also be ‘1111’. This makes these Configuration
Words appear to be NOP instructions in the remote
event that their locations are ever executed by
accident. Since Configuration bits are not implemented
in the corresponding locations, writing ‘1’s to these
locations has no effect on device operation.
The inclusion of an internal RC oscillator also provides
the additional benefits of a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
(FSCM) and Two-Speed Start-up. FSCM provides for
background monitoring of the peripheral clock and
automatic switchover in the event of its failure.
Two-Speed Start-up enables code to be executed
almost immediately on start-up, while the primary clock
source completes its start-up delays.
To prevent inadvertent configuration changes during
code execution, all programmable Configuration bits
are write-once. After a bit is initially programmed during
a power cycle, it cannot be written to again. Changing
a device configuration requires that power to the device
be cycled.
All of these features are enabled and configured by
setting the appropriate Configuration register bits.
24.1 Configuration Bits
TABLE 24-1: MAPPING OF THE FLASH
CONFIGURATION WORDS TO
THE CONFIGURATION
The Configuration bits can be programmed (read as
‘0’) or left unprogrammed (read as ‘1’) to select various
device configurations. These bits are mapped starting
at program memory location 300000h. A complete list
is shown in Table 24-2. A detailed explanation of the
various bit functions is provided in Register 24-1
through Register 24-6.
REGISTERS
Configuration
Register
Address
Code Space
Address
Configuration Byte
CONFIG1L
CONFIG1H
CONFIG2L
CONFIG2H
CONFIG3L
CONFIG3H
CONFIG4L(1)
CONFIG4H(1)
XXXF8h
XXXF9h
XXXFAh
XXXFBh
XXXFCh
XXXFDh
XXXFEh
XXXFFh
300000h
300001h
300002h
300003h
300004h
300005h
300006h
300007h
Note 1:
Unimplemented in PIC18F87J10 family devices.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 281
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 24-2: CONFIGURATION BITS AND DEVICE IDs
Default/
File Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Unprogrammed
(1)
Value
300000h CONFIG1L DEBUG
XINST STVREN
—
—
—
—
—
WDTEN
—
111- ---1
---- 01--
11-- -111
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(3)
300001h CONFIG1H
300002h CONFIG2L
300003h CONFIG2H
—
—
—
—
—
CP0
IESO
FCMEN
—
—
—
FOSC2
FOSC1
FOSC0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
—
—
—
—
WDTPS3 WDTPS2 WDTPS1 WDTPS0 ---- 1111
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
300004h CONFIG3L WAIT
BW
EMB1
EMB0
EASHFT
—
—
—
ECCPMX
REV1
—
1111 1---
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(4)
300005h CONFIG3H
3FFFFEh DEVID1
3FFFFFh DEVID2
—
—
—
—
—
CCP2MX ---- --11
(5)
(5)
DEV2
DEV1
DEV9
DEV0
DEV8
REV4
DEV7
REV3
DEV6
REV2
DEV5
REV0
DEV3
xxxx xxxx
0000 10x1
DEV10
DEV4
Legend:
x= unknown, u= unchanged, -= unimplemented. Shaded cells are unimplemented, read as ‘0’.
Note 1: Values reflect the unprogrammed state as received from the factory and following Power-on Resets. In all other Reset
states, the configuration bytes maintain their previously programmed states.
2: The value of these bits in program memory should always be ‘1’. This ensures that the location is executed as a NOPif it
is accidentally executed.
3: This bit should always be maintained as ‘0’.
4: Implemented in 80-pin devices only. On 64-pin devices, these bits are reserved and should always be maintained as ‘1’.
5: See Register 24-7 and Register 24-8 for DEVID values. These registers are read-only and cannot be programmed by
the user.
DS39663F-page 282
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 24-1: CONFIG1L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 LOW (BYTE ADDRESS 300000h)
R/WO-1
DEBUG
R/WO-1
XINST
R/WO-1
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/WO-1
WDTEN
STVREN
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
bit 7
bit 6
bit 5
DEBUG: Background Debugger Enable bit
1= Background debugger disabled; RB6 and RB7 configured as general purpose I/O pins
0= Background debugger enabled; RB6 and RB7 are dedicated to In-Circuit Debug
XINST: Extended Instruction Set Enable bit
1= Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode enabled
0= Instruction set extension and Indexed Addressing mode disabled (Legacy mode)
STVREN: Stack Overflow/Underflow Reset Enable bit
1= Reset on stack overflow/underflow enabled
0= Reset on stack overflow/underflow disabled
bit 4-1
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
WDTEN: Watchdog Timer Enable bit
1= WDT enabled
0= WDT disabled (control is placed on SWDTEN bit)
REGISTER 24-2: CONFIG1H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 HIGH (BYTE ADDRESS 300001h)
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
R/WO-1
CP0
U-0
—
U-0
—
(1)
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
bit 7-3
bit 2
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
CP0: Code Protection bit
1= Program memory is not code-protected
0= Program memory is code-protected
bit 1-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: This bit should always be maintained as ‘0’.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 283
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 24-3: CONFIG2L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 LOW (BYTE ADDRESS 300002h)
R/WO-1
IESO
R/WO-1
FCMEN
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/WO-1
FOSC2
R/WO-1
FOSC1
R/WO-1
FOSC0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
bit 7
bit 6
IESO: Two-Speed Start-up (Internal/External Oscillator Switchover) Control bit
1= Two-Speed Start-up enabled
0= Two-Speed Start-up disabled
FCMEN: Fail-Safe Clock Monitor Enable bit
1= Fail-Safe Clock Monitor enabled
0= Fail-Safe Clock Monitor disabled
bit 5-3
bit 2
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
FOSC2: Default/Reset System Clock Select bit
1= Clock selected by FOSC<1:0> as a system clock is enabled when OSCCON<1:0> = 00
0= INTRC enabled as a system clock when OSCCON<1:0> = 00
bit 1-0
FOSC<1:0>: Oscillator Selection bits
11= EC oscillator, PLL enabled and under software control, CLKO function on OSC2
10= EC oscillator, CLKO function on OSC2
01= HS oscillator, PLL enabled and under software control
00= HS oscillator
REGISTER 24-4: CONFIG2H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 HIGH (BYTE ADDRESS 300003h)
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/WO-1
R/WO-1
R/WO-1
R/WO-1
WDTPS0
bit 0
WDTPS3
WDTPS2
WDTPS1
bit 7
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
bit 7-4
bit 3-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
WDTPS<3:0>: Watchdog Timer Postscale Select bits
1111= 1:32,768
1110= 1:16,384
1101= 1:8,192
1100= 1:4,096
1011= 1:2,048
1010= 1:1,024
1001= 1:512
1000= 1:256
0111= 1:128
0110= 1:64
0101= 1:32
0100= 1:16
0011= 1:8
0010= 1:4
0001= 1:2
0000= 1:1
DS39663F-page 284
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 24-5: CONFIG3L: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 LOW (BYTE ADDRESS 300004h)
R/WO-1
WAIT(1)
R/WO-1
BW(1)
R/WO-1
EMB1(1)
R/WO-1
EMB0(1)
R/WO-1
EASHFT(1)
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
‘1’ = Bit is set
‘0’ = Bit is cleared
bit 7
WAIT: External Bus Wait Enable bit(1)
1= Wait states for operations on external memory bus disabled
0= Wait states for operations on external memory bus enabled
bit 6
BW: Data Bus Width Select bit(1)
1= 16-Bit External Bus mode
0= 8-Bit External Bus mode
bit 5-4
EMB<1:0>: External Memory Bus Configuration bits(1)
11= Microcontroller mode – external bus disabled
10= Extended Microcontroller mode,12-Bit Address mode
01= Extended Microcontroller mode,16-Bit Address mode
00= Extended Microcontroller mode, 20-Bit Address mode
bit 3
EASHFT: External Address Bus Shift Enable bit(1)
1= Address shifting enabled; address on external bus is offset to start at 000000h
0= Address shifting disabled; address on external bus reflects the PC value
bit 2-0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
Note 1: Implemented only on 80-pin devices.
REGISTER 24-6: CONFIG3H: CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 HIGH (BYTE ADDRESS 300005h)
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/WO-1
ECCPMX(1)
R/WO-1
CCP2MX
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Readable bit
WO = Write-Once bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘1’ = Bit is set ‘0’ = Bit is cleared
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
bit 7-2
bit 1
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
ECCPMX: ECCPx MUX bit(1)
1= ECCP1 outputs (P1B/P1C) are multiplexed with RE6 and RE5;
ECCP3 outputs (P3B/P3C) are multiplexed with RE4 and RE3
0 = ECCP1 outputs (P1B/P1C) are multiplexed with RH7 and RH6;
ECCP3 outputs (P3B/P3C) are multiplexed with RH5 and RH4
bit 0
CCP2MX: ECCP2 MUX bit
1= ECCP2/P2A is multiplexed with RC1
0= ECCP2/P2A is multiplexed with RE7 in Microcontroller mode (all devices) or with RB3 in Extended
Microcontroller mode (80-pin devices only)
Note 1: Available only on 80-pin devices.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 285
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
REGISTER 24-7: DEVID1: DEVICE ID REGISTER 1 FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY DEVICES
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
DEV2(1)
DEV1(1)
DEV0(1)
REV4
REV3
REV2
REV1
REV0
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Read-only bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
u = Unchanged from programmed state
bit 7-5
DEV<2:0>: Device ID bits(1)
111= PIC18F85J10
101= PIC18F67J10
100= PIC18F66J15
011= PIC18F66J10 or PIC18F87J10
010= PIC18F65J15 or PIC18F86J15
001= PIC18F65J10 or PIC18F86J10
000= PIC18F85J15
bit 4-0
REV<4:0>: Revision ID bits
These bits are used to indicate the device revision.
Note 1: Where values for DEV<2:0> are shared by more than one device number, the specific device is always
identified by using the entire DEV<10:0> bit sequence.
REGISTER 24-8: DEVID2: DEVICE ID REGISTER 2 FOR PIC18F87J10 FAMILY DEVICES
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
DEV10(1)
DEV9(1)
DEV8(1)
DEV7(1)
DEV6(1)
DEV5(1)
DEV4(1)
DEV3(1)
bit 7
bit 0
Legend:
R = Read-only bit
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
-n = Value when device is unprogrammed
u = Unchanged from programmed state
bit 7-0
DEV<10:3>: Device ID bits(1)
These bits are used with the DEV<2:0> bits in the Device ID Register 1 to identify the part number.
0001 0101= PIC18F65J10/65J15/66J10/66J15/67J10/85J10 devices
0001 0111= PIC18F85J15/86J10/86J15/87J10 devices
Note 1: The values for DEV<10:3> may be shared with other device families. The specific device is always
identified by using the entire DEV<10:0> bit sequence.
DS39663F-page 286
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
24.2 Watchdog Timer (WDT)
Note 1: The CLRWDT and SLEEP instructions
clear the WDT and postscaler counts
when executed.
For PIC18F87J10 family devices, the WDT is driven by
the INTRC oscillator. When the WDT is enabled, the
clock source is also enabled. The nominal WDT period is
4 ms and has the same stability as the INTRC oscillator.
2: When a CLRWDT instruction is executed,
the postscaler count will be cleared.
The 4 ms period of the WDT is multiplied by a 16-bit
postscaler. Any output of the WDT postscaler is selected
by a multiplexor, controlled by the WDTPS bits in Config-
uration Register 2H. Available periods range from about
4 ms to 135 seconds (2.25 minutes depending on
voltage, temperature and WDT postscaler). The WDT
and postscaler are cleared whenever a SLEEP or
CLRWDT instruction is executed, or a clock failure
(primary or Timer1 oscillator) has occurred.
24.2.1
CONTROL REGISTER
The WDTCON register (Register 24-9) is a readable
and writable register. The SWDTEN bit enables or dis-
ables WDT operation. This allows software to override
the WDTEN Configuration bit and enable the WDT only
if it has been disabled by the Configuration bit.
FIGURE 24-1:
WDT BLOCK DIAGRAM
Enable WDT
INTRC Control
SWDTEN
WDT Counter
Wake-up from
Power-Managed
÷128
INTRC Oscillator
Modes
WDT
Reset
Reset
CLRWDT
All Device Resets
Programmable Postscaler
1:1 to 1:32,768
WDT
4
WDTPS<3:0>
Sleep
REGISTER 24-9: WDTCON: WATCHDOG TIMER CONTROL REGISTER
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
U-0
—
R/W-0
SWDTEN(1)
bit 0
bit 7
Legend:
R = Readable bit
-n = Value at POR
W = Writable bit
‘1’ = Bit is set
U = Unimplemented bit, read as ‘0’
‘0’ = Bit is cleared x = Bit is unknown
bit 7-1
bit 0
Unimplemented: Read as ‘0’
SWDTEN: Software Controlled Watchdog Timer Enable bit(1)
1= Watchdog Timer is on
0= Watchdog Timer is off
Note 1: This bit has no effect if the Configuration bit, WDTEN, is enabled.
TABLE 24-3: SUMMARY OF WATCHDOG TIMER REGISTERS
ResetValues
Name
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
on page
RCON
WDTCON
IPEN
—
—
—
—
—
RI
—
TO
—
PD
—
POR
—
BOR
54
54
SWDTEN
Legend: — = unimplemented, read as ‘0’. Shaded cells are not used by the Watchdog Timer.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 287
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 24-2:
CONNECTIONS FOR THE
ON-CHIP REGULATOR
24.3 On-Chip Voltage Regulator
All of the PIC18F87J10 family devices power their core
digital logic at a nominal 2.5V. For designs that are
required to operate at a higher typical voltage, such as
3.3V, all devices in the PIC18F87J10 family incorporate
an on-chip regulator that allows the device to run its
core logic from VDD.
Regulator Enabled (ENVREG tied to VDD):
3.3V
PIC18FXXJ10/XXJ15
VDD
ENVREG
The regulator is controlled by the ENVREG pin. Tying
VDD to the pin enables the regulator, which in turn, pro-
vides power to the core from the other VDD pins. When
the regulator is enabled, a low-ESR filter capacitor
must be connected to the VDDCORE/VCAP pin
(Figure 24-2). This helps to maintain the stability of the
regulator. The recommended value for the filter capac-
itor is provided in Section 27.3 “DC Characteristics:
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)”.
VDDCORE/VCAP
CF
VSS
Regulator Disabled (ENVREG tied to ground):
If ENVREG is tied to VSS, the regulator is disabled. In
this case, separate power for the core logic at a nomi-
nal 2.5V must be supplied to the device on the
VDDCORE/VCAP pin to run the I/O pins at higher voltage
levels, typically 3.3V. Alternatively, the VDDCORE/VCAP
and VDD pins can be tied together to operate at a lower
nominal voltage. Refer to Figure 24-2 for possible
configurations.
(1)
(1)
2.5V
3.3V
PIC18FXXJ10/XXJ15
VDD
ENVREG
VDDCORE/VCAP
VSS
24.3.1
ON-CHIP REGULATOR AND BOR
When the on-chip regulator is enabled, PIC18F87J10
family devices also have a simple brown-out capability.
If the voltage supplied to the regulator is inadequate to
maintain a regulated level, the regulator Reset circuitry
will generate a BOR Reset. This event is captured by
the BOR flag bit (RCON<0>).
Regulator Disabled (VDD tied to VDDCORE):
(1)
2.5V
PIC18FXXJ10/XXJ15
VDD
The operation of the BOR is described in more detail in
Section 5.4 “Brown-out Reset (BOR)” and
Section 5.4.1 “Detecting BOR”. The brown-out voltage
levels are specific in Section 27.1 “DC Characteristics:
Supply Voltage, PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)”.
ENVREG
VDDCORE/VCAP
VSS
24.3.2
POWER-UP REQUIREMENTS
The on-chip regulator is designed to meet the power-up
requirements for the device. If the application does not
use the regulator, then strict power-up conditions must
be adhered to. While powering up, VDDCORE must
never exceed VDD by 0.3 volts.
Note 1: These are typical operating voltages. Refer
to Section 27.1 “DC Characteristics:
Supply Voltage” for the full operating
ranges of VDD and VDDCORE.
DS39663F-page 288
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
In all other power-managed modes, Two-Speed
Start-up is not used. The device will be clocked by the
currently selected clock source until the primary clock
source becomes available. The setting of the IESO bit
is ignored.
24.4 Two-Speed Start-up
The Two-Speed Start-up feature helps to minimize the
latency period, from oscillator start-up to code execu-
tion, by allowing the microcontroller to use the INTRC
oscillator as a clock source until the primary clock
source is available. It is enabled by setting the IESO
Configuration bit.
24.4.1
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR
USING TWO-SPEED START-UP
Two-Speed Start-up should be enabled only if the
primary oscillator mode is HS or HSPLL
(Crystal-based) modes. Since the EC and ECPLL
modes do not require an OST start-up delay,
Two-Speed Start-up should be disabled.
While using the INTRC oscillator in Two-Speed
Start-up, the device still obeys the normal command
sequences for entering power-managed modes,
including serial SLEEP instructions (refer to
Section 4.1.4 “Multiple Sleep Commands”). In
practice, this means that user code can change the
SCS1:SCS0 bits setting or issue SLEEP instructions
before the OST times out. This would allow an applica-
tion to briefly wake-up, perform routine “housekeeping”
tasks and return to Sleep before the device starts to
operate from the primary oscillator.
When enabled, Resets and wake-ups from Sleep mode
cause the device to configure itself to run from the
internal oscillator block as the clock source, following
the time-out of the Power-up Timer after a Power-on
Reset is enabled. This allows almost immediate code
execution while the primary oscillator starts and the
OST is running. Once the OST times out, the device
automatically switches to PRI_RUN mode.
User code can also check if the primary clock source is
currently providing the device clocking by checking the
status of the OSTS bit (OSCCON<3>). If the bit is set,
the primary oscillator is providing the clock. Otherwise,
the internal oscillator block is providing the clock during
wake-up from Reset or Sleep mode.
FIGURE 24-3:
TIMING TRANSITION FOR TWO-SPEED START-UP (INTRC TO HSPLL)
Q4
Q1
Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2
Q3
Q3
Q1
Q2
INTRC
OSC1
(1)
(1)
TOST
TPLL
1
2
n-1
n
PLL Clock
Output
Clock
Transition
CPU Clock
Peripheral
Clock
Program
Counter
PC + 4
PC
PC + 2
OSTS Bit Set
Note 1: TOST = 1024 TOSC; TPLL = 2 ms (approx). These intervals are not shown to scale.
PC + 6
Wake from Interrupt Event
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 289
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
During switchover, the postscaler frequency from the
internal oscillator block may not be sufficiently stable
for timing sensitive applications. In these cases, it may
be desirable to select another clock configuration and
enter an alternate power-managed mode. This can be
done to attempt a partial recovery or execute a
controlled shutdown. See Section 4.1.4 “Multiple
Sleep Commands” and Section 24.4.1 “Special
Considerations for Using Two-Speed Start-up” for
more details.
24.5 Fail-Safe Clock Monitor
The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor (FSCM) allows the
microcontroller to continue operation in the event of an
external oscillator failure by automatically switching the
device clock to the internal oscillator block. The FSCM
function is enabled by setting the FCMEN Configuration
bit.
When FSCM is enabled, the INTRC oscillator runs at
all times to monitor clocks to peripherals and provide a
backup clock in the event of a clock failure. Clock
monitoring (shown in Figure 24-4) is accomplished by
creating a sample clock signal which is the INTRC out-
put divided by 64. This allows ample time between
FSCM sample clocks for a peripheral clock edge to
occur. The peripheral device clock and the sample
clock are presented as inputs to the Clock Monitor latch
(CM). The CM is set on the falling edge of the device
clock source but cleared on the rising edge of the
sample clock.
The FSCM will detect failures of the primary or second-
ary clock sources only. If the internal oscillator block
fails, no failure would be detected, nor would any action
be possible.
24.5.1
FSCM AND THE WATCHDOG TIMER
Both the FSCM and the WDT are clocked by the
INTRC oscillator. Since the WDT operates with a
separate divider and counter, disabling the WDT has
no effect on the operation of the INTRC oscillator when
the FSCM is enabled.
FIGURE 24-4:
FSCM BLOCK DIAGRAM
As already noted, the clock source is switched to the
INTRC clock when a clock failure is detected; this may
mean a substantial change in the speed of code execu-
tion. If the WDT is enabled with a small prescale value,
a decrease in clock speed allows a WDT time-out to
occur and a subsequent device Reset. For this reason,
fail-safe clock events also reset the WDT and
postscaler, allowing it to start timing from when execu-
tion speed was changed and decreasing the likelihood
of an erroneous time-out.
Clock Monitor
Latch (CM)
(edge-triggered)
Peripheral
Clock
S
C
Q
Q
INTRC
Source
÷ 64
488 Hz
(2.048 ms)
(32 μs)
24.5.2
EXITING FAIL-SAFE OPERATION
Clock
Failure
Detected
The fail-safe condition is terminated by either a device
Reset or by entering a power-managed mode. On
Reset, the controller starts the primary clock source
specified in Configuration Register 2H (with any
required start-up delays that are required for the oscil-
lator mode, such as OST or PLL timer). The INTRC
oscillator provides the device clock until the primary
clock source becomes ready (similar to a Two-Speed
Start-up). The clock source is then switched to the
primary clock (indicated by the OSTS bit in the
OSCCON register becoming set). The Fail-Safe Clock
Monitor then resumes monitoring the peripheral clock.
Clock failure is tested for on the falling edge of the
sample clock. If a sample clock falling edge occurs
while CM is still set, a clock failure has been detected
(Figure 24-5). This causes the following:
• the FSCM generates an oscillator fail interrupt by
setting bit, OSCFIF (PIR2<7>);
• the device clock source is switched to the internal
oscillator block (OSCCON is not updated to show
the current clock source – this is the fail-safe
condition); and
The primary clock source may never become ready
during start-up. In this case, operation is clocked by the
INTRC oscillator. The OSCCON register will remain in
its Reset state until a power-managed mode is entered.
• the WDT is reset.
DS39663F-page 290
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 24-5:
FSCM TIMING DIAGRAM
Sample Clock
Oscillator
Failure
Device
Clock
Output
CM Output
(Q)
Failure
Detected
OSCFIF
CM Test
CM Test
CM Test
Note:
The device clock is normally at a much higher frequency than the sample clock. The relative frequencies in
this example have been chosen for clarity.
24.5.3
FSCM INTERRUPTS IN
24.5.4
POR OR WAKE-UP FROM SLEEP
POWER-MANAGED MODES
The FSCM is designed to detect oscillator failure at any
point after the device has exited Power-on Reset
(POR) or low-power Sleep mode. When the primary
device clock is either EC or INTRC modes, monitoring
can begin immediately following these events.
By entering a power-managed mode, the clock
multiplexor selects the clock source selected by the
OSCCON register. Fail-Safe Monitoring of the
power-managed clock source resumes in the
power-managed mode.
For HS or HSPLL modes, the situation is somewhat dif-
ferent. Since the oscillator may require a start-up time
considerably longer than the FSCM sample clock time,
a false clock failure may be detected. To prevent this,
the internal oscillator block is automatically configured
as the device clock and functions until the primary clock
is stable (the OST and PLL timers have timed out). This
is identical to Two-Speed Start-up mode. Once the
primary clock is stable, the INTRC returns to its role as
the FSCM source.
If an oscillator failure occurs during power-managed
operation, the subsequent events depend on whether
or not the oscillator failure interrupt is enabled. If
enabled (OSCFIF = 1), code execution will be clocked
by the INTRC multiplexor. An automatic transition back
to the failed clock source will not occur.
If the interrupt is disabled, subsequent interrupts while
in Idle mode will cause the CPU to begin executing
instructions while being clocked by the INTRC source.
Note:
The same logic that prevents false oscilla-
tor failure interrupts on POR, or wake from
Sleep, will also prevent the detection of
the oscillator’s failure to start at all follow-
ing these events. This can be avoided by
monitoring the OSTS bit and using a
timing routine to determine if the oscillator
is taking too long to start. Even so, no
oscillator failure interrupt will be flagged.
As noted in Section 24.4.1 “Special Considerations
for Using Two-Speed Start-up”, it is also possible to
select another clock configuration and enter an alternate
power-managed mode while waiting for the primary
clock to become stable. When the new power-managed
mode is selected, the primary clock is disabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 291
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
24.6 Program Verification and
Code Protection
24.7
In-Circuit Serial Programming
PIC18F87J10 family microcontrollers can be serially
programmed while in the end application circuit. This is
simply done with two lines for clock and data and three
other lines for power, ground and the programming
voltage. This allows customers to manufacture boards
with unprogrammed devices and then program the
microcontroller just before shipping the product. This
also allows the most recent firmware or a custom
firmware to be programmed.
For all devices in the PIC18F87J10 family of devices,
the on-chip program memory space is treated as a
single block. Code protection for this block is controlled
by one Configuration bit, CP0. This bit inhibits external
reads and writes to the program memory space. It has
no direct effect in normal execution mode.
24.6.1
CONFIGURATION REGISTER
PROTECTION
24.8 In-Circuit Debugger
The Configuration registers are protected against
untoward changes or reads in two ways. The primary
protection is the write-once feature of the Configuration
bits which prevents reconfiguration once the bit has
been programmed during a power cycle. To safeguard
against unpredictable events, Configuration bit
changes resulting from individual cell-level disruptions
(such as ESD events) will cause a parity error and
trigger a device Reset.
When the DEBUG Configuration bit is programmed to
a ‘0’, the In-Circuit Debugger functionality is enabled.
This function allows simple debugging functions when
used with MPLAB® IDE. When the microcontroller has
this feature enabled, some resources are not available
for general use. Table 24-4 shows which resources are
required by the background debugger.
The data for the Configuration registers is derived from
the Flash Configuration Words in program memory.
When the CP0 bit set, the source data for device
configuration is also protected as a consequence.
TABLE 24-4: DEBUGGER RESOURCES
I/O pins:
RB6, RB7
2 levels
Stack:
Program Memory:
Data Memory:
512 bytes
10 bytes
DS39663F-page 292
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
The literal instructions may use some of the following
operands:
25.0 INSTRUCTION SET SUMMARY
The PIC18F87J10 family of devices incorporate the
standard set of 75 PIC18 core instructions, as well as
an extended set of 8 new instructions for the optimiza-
tion of code that is recursive or that utilizes a software
stack. The extended set is discussed later in this
section.
• A literal value to be loaded into a file register
(specified by ‘k’)
• The desired FSR register to load the literal value
into (specified by ‘f’)
• No operand required
(specified by ‘—’)
25.1 Standard Instruction Set
The control instructions may use some of the following
operands:
The standard PIC18 instruction set adds many
enhancements to the previous PIC® MCU instruction
sets, while maintaining an easy migration from these
PIC MCU instruction sets. Most instructions are a
single program memory word (16 bits), but there are
four instructions that require two program memory
locations.
• A program memory address (specified by ‘n’)
• The mode of the CALLor RETURNinstructions
(specified by ‘s’)
• The mode of the table read and table write
instructions (specified by ‘m’)
• No operand required
(specified by ‘—’)
Each single-word instruction is a 16-bit word divided
into an opcode, which specifies the instruction type and
one or more operands, which further specify the
operation of the instruction.
All instructions are a single word, except for four
double-word instructions. These instructions were
made double-word to contain the required information
in 32 bits. In the second word, the 4 MSbs are ‘1’s. If
this second word is executed as an instruction (by
itself), it will execute as a NOP.
The instruction set is highly orthogonal and is grouped
into four basic categories:
• Byte-oriented operations
• Bit-oriented operations
• Literal operations
All single-word instructions are executed in a single
instruction cycle, unless a conditional test is true or the
program counter is changed as a result of the instruc-
tion. In these cases, the execution takes two instruction
cycles with the additional instruction cycle(s) executed
as a NOP.
• Control operations
The PIC18 instruction set summary in Table 25-2 lists
byte-oriented, bit-oriented, literal and control
operations. Table 25-1 shows the opcode field
descriptions.
The double-word instructions execute in two instruction
cycles.
Most byte-oriented instructions have three operands:
One instruction cycle consists of four oscillator periods.
Thus, for an oscillator frequency of 4 MHz, the normal
instruction execution time is 1 μs. If a conditional test is
true, or the program counter is changed as a result of
an instruction, the instruction execution time is 2 μs.
Two-word branch instructions (if true) would take 3 μs.
1. The file register (specified by ‘f’)
2. The destination of the result (specified by ‘d’)
3. The accessed memory (specified by ‘a’)
The file register designator, ‘f’, specifies which file reg-
ister is to be used by the instruction. The destination
designator, ‘d’, specifies where the result of the
operation is to be placed. If ‘d’ is zero, the result is
placed in the WREG register. If ‘d’ is one, the result is
placed in the file register specified in the instruction.
Figure 25-1 shows the general formats that the instruc-
tions can have. All examples use the convention ‘nnh’
to represent a hexadecimal number.
The Instruction Set Summary, shown in Table 25-2,
lists the standard instructions recognized by the
Microchip MPASMTM Assembler.
All bit-oriented instructions have three operands:
1. The file register (specified by ‘f’)
Section 25.1.1 “Standard Instruction Set” provides
a description of each instruction.
2. The bit in the file register (specified by ‘b’)
3. The accessed memory (specified by ‘a’)
The bit field designator, ‘b’, selects the number of the bit
affected by the operation, while the file register
designator, ‘f’, represents the number of the file in
which the bit is located.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 293
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 25-1: OPCODE FIELD DESCRIPTIONS
Field
Description
a
RAM access bit:
a = 0: RAM location in Access RAM (BSR register is ignored)
a = 1: RAM bank is specified by BSR register
bbb
Bit address within an 8-bit file register (0 to 7).
BSR
Bank Select Register. Used to select the current RAM bank.
ALU Status bits: Carry, Digit Carry, Zero, Overflow, Negative.
C, DC, Z, OV, N
d
Destination select bit:
d = 0: store result in WREG
d = 1: store result in file register f
dest
f
Destination: either the WREG register or the specified register file location.
8-bit Register file address (00h to FFh) or 2-bit FSR designator (0h to 3h).
12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the source address.
12-bit Register file address (000h to FFFh). This is the destination address.
Global Interrupt Enable bit.
f
f
s
d
GIE
k
Literal field, constant data or label (may be either an 8-bit, 12-bit or a 20-bit value).
Label name.
label
mm
The mode of the TBLPTR register for the table read and table write instructions.
Only used with table read and table write instructions:
*
No Change to register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
Post-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
Post-Decrement register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
Pre-Increment register (such as TBLPTR with table reads and writes)
*+
*-
+*
n
The relative address (2’s complement number) for relative branch instructions or the direct address for
Call/Branch and Return instructions.
PC
Program Counter.
PCL
Program Counter Low Byte.
Program Counter High Byte.
Program Counter High Byte Latch.
Program Counter Upper Byte Latch.
Power-Down bit.
PCH
PCLATH
PCLATU
PD
PRODH
PRODL
s
Product of Multiply High Byte.
Product of Multiply Low Byte.
Fast Call/Return mode select bit:
s = 0: do not update into/from shadow registers
s = 1: certain registers loaded into/from shadow registers (Fast mode)
TBLPTR
TABLAT
TO
21-bit Table Pointer (points to a Program Memory location).
8-bit Table Latch.
Time-out bit.
TOS
u
Top-of-Stack.
Unused or Unchanged.
Watchdog Timer.
WDT
WREG
x
Working register (accumulator).
Don’t care (‘0’ or ‘1’). The assembler will generate code with x = 0. It is the recommended form of use for
compatibility with all Microchip software tools.
z
z
{
7-bit offset value for Indirect Addressing of register files (source).
7-bit offset value for Indirect Addressing of register files (destination).
Optional argument.
s
d
}
[text]
(text)
[expr]<n>
→
Indicates an Indexed Address.
The contents of text.
Specifies bit nof the register indicated by the pointer expr.
Assigned to.
< >
Register bit field.
∈
In the set of.
italics
User-defined term (font is Courier).
DS39663F-page 294
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 25-1:
GENERAL FORMAT FOR INSTRUCTIONS
Byte-oriented file register operations
15 10
Example Instruction
9
8
7
0
ADDWF MYREG, W, B
OPCODE
d
a
f (FILE #)
d = 0for result destination to be WREG register
d = 1for result destination to be file register (f)
a = 0to force Access Bank
a = 1for BSR to select bank
f = 8-bit file register address
Byte to Byte move operations (2-word)
15
12 11
0
0
MOVFF MYREG1, MYREG2
OPCODE
f (Source FILE #)
15
12 11
1111
f (Destination FILE #)
f = 12-bit file register address
Bit-oriented file register operations
15 12 11 9 8
OPCODE b (BIT #)
7
0
BSF MYREG, bit, B
a
f (FILE #)
b = 3-bit position of bit in file register (f)
a = 0to force Access Bank
a = 1for BSR to select bank
f = 8-bit file register address
Literal operations
15
8
7
0
MOVLW 7Fh
OPCODE
k (literal)
k = 8-bit immediate value
Control operations
CALL, GOTO and Branch operations
15
8 7
0
GOTO Label
OPCODE
12 11
n<7:0> (literal)
15
0
1111
n<19:8> (literal)
n = 20-bit immediate value
15
15
8
7
0
CALL MYFUNC
OPCODE
12 11
n<7:0> (literal)
S
0
1111
n<19:8> (literal)
S = Fast bit
15
15
11 10
0
0
BRA MYFUNC
BC MYFUNC
OPCODE
n<10:0> (literal)
n<7:0> (literal)
8 7
OPCODE
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 295
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 25-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET
16-bit Instruction Word
MSb LSb
Mnemonic,
Operands
Status
Affected
Description
Cycles
Notes
BYTE-ORIENTED OPERATIONS
ADDWF f, d, a Add WREG and f
ADDWFC f, d, a Add WREG and Carry bit to f
ANDWF f, d, a AND WREG with f
1
0010 01da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N 1, 2
0010 00da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N 1, 2
1
1
1
1
0001 01da ffff ffff Z, N
0110 101a ffff ffff Z
0001 11da ffff ffff Z, N
1,2
2
1, 2
4
CLRF
f, a
Clear f
COMF
f, d, a Complement f
CPFSEQ f, a
CPFSGT f, a
CPFSLT f, a
Compare f with WREG, Skip =
Compare f with WREG, Skip >
Compare f with WREG, Skip <
1 (2 or 3) 0110 001a ffff ffff None
1 (2 or 3) 0110 010a ffff ffff None
1 (2 or 3) 0110 000a ffff ffff None
4
1, 2
DECF
f, d, a Decrement f
1
0000 01da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N 1, 2, 3, 4
DECFSZ f, d, a Decrement f, Skip if 0
DCFSNZ f, d, a Decrement f, Skip if Not 0
1 (2 or 3) 0010 11da ffff ffff None
1 (2 or 3) 0100 11da ffff ffff None
1, 2, 3, 4
1, 2
INCF
f, d, a Increment f
1
0010 10da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N 1, 2, 3, 4
INCFSZ f, d, a Increment f, Skip if 0
INFSNZ f, d, a Increment f, Skip if Not 0
1 (2 or 3) 0011 11da ffff ffff None
1 (2 or 3) 0100 10da ffff ffff None
4
1, 2
1, 2
1
IORWF
MOVF
f, d, a Inclusive OR WREG with f
f, d, a Move f
1
1
2
0001 00da ffff ffff Z, N
0101 00da ffff ffff Z, N
1100 ffff ffff ffff None
1111 ffff ffff ffff
MOVFF fs, fd Move fs (source) to 1st word
fd (destination) 2nd word
MOVWF f, a
MULWF f, a
Move WREG to f
Multiply WREG with f
Negate f
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0110 111a ffff ffff None
0000 001a ffff ffff None
0110 110a ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N
0011 01da ffff ffff C, Z, N
0100 01da ffff ffff Z, N
0011 00da ffff ffff C, Z, N
0100 00da ffff ffff Z, N
0110 100a ffff ffff None
0101 01da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N
1, 2
1, 2
NEGF
RLCF
RLNCF
RRCF
f, a
f, d, a Rotate Left f through Carry
f, d, a Rotate Left f (No Carry)
f, d, a Rotate Right f through Carry
RRNCF f, d, a Rotate Right f (No Carry)
SETF f, a Set f
SUBFWB f, d, a Subtract f from WREG with
Borrow
1, 2
SUBWF f, d, a Subtract WREG from f
SUBWFB f, d, a Subtract WREG from f with
Borrow
1
1
0101 11da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N 1, 2
0101 10da ffff ffff C, DC, Z, OV, N
SWAPF f, d, a Swap Nibbles in f
1
0011 10da ffff ffff None
4
TSTFSZ f, a
XORWF f, d, a Exclusive OR WREG with f
Test f, Skip if 0
1 (2 or 3) 0110 011a ffff ffff None
0001 10da ffff ffff Z, N
1, 2
1
Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be
that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input
and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be
cleared if assigned.
3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The
second cycle is executed as a NOP.
4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP
unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16-bits. This ensures that
all program memory locations have a valid instruction.
DS39663F-page 296
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 25-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED)
16-bit Instruction Word
MSb LSb
Mnemonic,
Operands
Status
Affected
Description
Cycles
Notes
BIT-ORIENTED OPERATIONS
BCF
BSF
BTFSC
BTFSS
BTG
f, b, a Bit Clear f
f, b, a Bit Set f
f, b, a Bit Test f, Skip if Clear
f, b, a Bit Test f, Skip if Set
f, b, a Bit Toggle f
1
1
1001 bbba ffff ffff None
1000 bbba ffff ffff None
1, 2
1, 2
3, 4
3, 4
1, 2
1 (2 or 3) 1011 bbba ffff ffff None
1 (2 or 3) 1010 bbba ffff ffff None
1
0111 bbba ffff ffff None
CONTROL OPERATIONS
BC
BN
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
Branch if Carry
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
1 (2)
2
1110 0010 nnnn nnnn None
1110 0110 nnnn nnnn None
1110 0011 nnnn nnnn None
1110 0111 nnnn nnnn None
1110 0101 nnnn nnnn None
1110 0001 nnnn nnnn None
1110 0100 nnnn nnnn None
1101 0nnn nnnn nnnn None
1110 0000 nnnn nnnn None
1110 110s kkkk kkkk None
1111 kkkk kkkk kkkk
Branch if Negative
Branch if Not Carry
Branch if Not Negative
Branch if Not Overflow
Branch if Not Zero
Branch if Overflow
Branch Unconditionally
Branch if Zero
BNC
BNN
BNOV
BNZ
BOV
BRA
BZ
n
n, s
1 (2)
2
CALL
Call Subroutine 1st word
2nd word
CLRWDT —
Clear Watchdog Timer
Decimal Adjust WREG
Go to Address 1st word
2nd word
1
1
2
0000 0000 0000 0100 TO, PD
0000 0000 0000 0111 C
1110 1111 kkkk kkkk None
1111 kkkk kkkk kkkk
DAW
—
n
GOTO
NOP
NOP
POP
PUSH
RCALL
RESET
RETFIE
—
—
—
—
n
No Operation
No Operation
Pop Top of Return Stack (TOS)
Push Top of Return Stack (TOS) 1
Relative Call
Software Device Reset
Return from Interrupt Enable
1
1
1
0000 0000 0000 0000 None
1111 xxxx xxxx xxxx None
0000 0000 0000 0110 None
0000 0000 0000 0101 None
1101 1nnn nnnn nnnn None
0000 0000 1111 1111 All
0000 0000 0001 000s GIE/GIEH,
PEIE/GIEL
4
2
1
2
s
k
RETLW
RETURN s
SLEEP
Return with Literal in WREG
Return from Subroutine
Go into Standby mode
2
2
1
0000 1100 kkkk kkkk None
0000 0000 0001 001s None
0000 0000 0000 0011 TO, PD
—
Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be
that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input
and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be
cleared if assigned.
3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The
second cycle is executed as a NOP.
4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP
unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16-bits. This ensures that
all program memory locations have a valid instruction.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 297
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 25-2: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY INSTRUCTION SET (CONTINUED)
16-bit Instruction Word
MSb LSb
Mnemonic,
Operands
Status
Affected
Description
Cycles
Notes
LITERAL OPERATIONS
ADDLW
ANDLW
IORLW
LFSR
k
k
k
f, k
Add Literal and WREG
AND Literal with WREG
Inclusive OR Literal with WREG 1
Move Literal (12-bit) 2nd word
to FSR(f) 1st word
1
1
0000 1111 kkkk kkkk C, DC, Z, OV, N
0000 1011 kkkk kkkk Z, N
0000 1001 kkkk kkkk Z, N
1110 1110 00ff kkkk None
1111 0000 kkkk kkkk
2
MOVLB
MOVLW
MULLW
RETLW
SUBLW
XORLW
k
k
k
k
k
k
Move Literal to BSR<3:0>
Move Literal to WREG
Multiply Literal with WREG
Return with Literal in WREG
Subtract WREG from Literal
1
1
1
2
1
0000 0001 0000 kkkk None
0000 1110 kkkk kkkk None
0000 1101 kkkk kkkk None
0000 1100 kkkk kkkk None
0000 1000 kkkk kkkk C, DC, Z, OV, N
0000 1010 kkkk kkkk Z, N
Exclusive OR Literal with WREG 1
DATA MEMORY ↔ PROGRAM MEMORY OPERATIONS
TBLRD*
Table Read
2
0000 0000 0000 1000 None
0000 0000 0000 1001 None
0000 0000 0000 1010 None
0000 0000 0000 1011 None
0000 0000 0000 1100 None
0000 0000 0000 1101 None
0000 0000 0000 1110 None
0000 0000 0000 1111 None
TBLRD*+
TBLRD*-
TBLRD+*
TBLWT*
TBLWT*+
TBLWT*-
TBLWT+*
Table Read with Post-Increment
Table Read with Post-Decrement
Table Read with Pre-Increment
Table Write
Table Write with Post-Increment
Table Write with Post-Decrement
Table Write with Pre-Increment
2
Note 1: When a PORT register is modified as a function of itself (e.g., MOVF PORTB, 1, 0), the value used will be
that value present on the pins themselves. For example, if the data latch is ‘1’ for a pin configured as an input
and is driven low by an external device, the data will be written back with a ‘0’.
2: If this instruction is executed on the TMR0 register (and, where applicable, d = 1), the prescaler will be
cleared if assigned.
3: If the Program Counter (PC) is modified or a conditional test is true, the instruction requires two cycles. The
second cycle is executed as a NOP.
4: Some instructions are two-word instructions. The second word of these instructions will be executed as a NOP
unless the first word of the instruction retrieves the information embedded in these 16-bits. This ensures that
all program memory locations have a valid instruction.
DS39663F-page 298
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
25.1.1
STANDARD INSTRUCTION SET
ADDLW
ADD Literal to W
ADDWF
ADD W to f
Syntax:
ADDLW
k
Syntax:
ADDWF
f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
(W) + k → W
N, OV, C, DC, Z
Operation:
(W) + (f) → dest
0000
1111
kkkk
kkkk
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, OV, C, DC, Z
The contents of W are added to the
8-bit literal ‘k’ and the result is placed in
W.
0010
01da
ffff
ffff
Description:
Add W to register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the
result is stored back in register ‘f’.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example:
ADDLW
15h
Before Instruction
10h
After Instruction
25h
W
=
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
W
=
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example:
ADDWF
REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
W
REG
=
=
17h
0C2h
After Instruction
W
REG
=
=
0D9h
0C2h
Note:
All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in
symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s).
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 299
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
ADDWFC
ADD W and Carry bit to f
ANDLW
AND Literal with W
Syntax:
ADDWFC
f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
ANDLW
k
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
(W) .AND. k → W
N, Z
Operation:
(W) + (f) + (C) → dest
0000
1011
kkkk
kkkk
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N,OV, C, DC, Z
The contents of W are ANDed with the
8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
0010
00da
ffff
ffff
Description:
Add W, the Carry flag and data memory
location, ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed in data memory location ‘f’.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example:
ANDLW
05Fh
Before Instruction
W
=
A3h
03h
After Instruction
W
=
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example:
ADDWFC
REG, 0, 1
Before Instruction
Carry bit =
1
02h
4Dh
REG
W
=
=
After Instruction
Carry bit =
0
02h
50h
REG
W
=
=
DS39663F-page 300
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
ANDWF
AND W with f
BC
Branch if Carry
BC
Syntax:
ANDWF
f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
n
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
if Carry bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Operation:
(W) .AND. (f) → dest
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
1110
0010
nnnn
nnnn
0001
01da
ffff
ffff
Description:
If the Carry bit is ’1’, then the program
Description:
The contents of W are ANDed with
register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored
in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in register ‘f’.
will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
No
No
No
operation
No
operation
operation
operation
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
If No Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example:
ANDWF
REG, 0, 0
Example:
HERE
BC
5
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
W
REG
=
=
17h
C2h
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
After Instruction
If Carry
PC
If Carry
PC
=
=
=
=
1;
W
REG
=
=
02h
C2h
address (HERE + 12)
0;
address (HERE + 2)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 301
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BCF
Bit Clear f
BN
Branch if Negative
BN
Syntax:
BCF f, b {,a}
Syntax:
n
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
if Negative bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Operation:
0 → f<b>
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1110
0110
nnnn
nnnn
1001
bbba
ffff
ffff
Description:
If the Negative bit is ‘1’, then the
Description:
Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is cleared.
program will branch.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
If No Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example:
BCF
FLAG_REG, 7, 0
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG = C7h
After Instruction
FLAG_REG = 47h
Example:
HERE
BN Jump
Before Instruction
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Negative
PC
If Negative
PC
=
=
=
=
1;
address (Jump)
0;
address (HERE + 2)
DS39663F-page 302
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BNC
Branch if Not Carry
BNC
BNN
Branch if Not Negative
BNN
Syntax:
n
Syntax:
n
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
if Carry bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
if Negative bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1110
0011
nnnn
nnnn
1110
0111
nnnn
nnnn
Description:
If the Carry bit is ‘0’, then the program
Description:
If the Negative bit is ‘0’, then the
will branch.
program will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words:
Cycles:
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
If No Jump:
Q1
If No Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example:
HERE
BNC Jump
Example:
HERE
BNN Jump
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
PC
=
address (HERE)
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
After Instruction
If Carry
PC
If Carry
PC
=
=
=
=
0;
If Negative
PC
If Negative
PC
=
=
=
=
0;
address (Jump)
address (Jump)
1;
1;
address (HERE + 2)
address (HERE + 2)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 303
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BNOV
Branch if Not Overflow
BNOV
BNZ
Branch if Not Zero
BNZ
Syntax:
n
Syntax:
n
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
if Overflow bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
if Zero bit is ‘0’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1110
0101
nnnn
nnnn
1110
0001
nnnn
nnnn
Description:
If the Overflow bit is ‘0’, then the
Description:
If the Zero bit is ‘0’, then the program
program will branch.
will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Words:
Cycles:
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
If No Jump:
Q1
If No Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example:
HERE
BNOV Jump
Example:
HERE
BNZ Jump
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
PC
=
address (HERE)
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
After Instruction
If Overflow
PC
If Overflow
PC
=
=
=
=
0;
If Zero
PC
If Zero
PC
=
=
=
=
0;
address (Jump)
address (Jump)
1;
1;
address (HERE + 2)
address (HERE + 2)
DS39663F-page 304
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BRA
Unconditional Branch
BRA
BSF
Bit Set f
Syntax:
n
Syntax:
BSF f, b {,a}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
-1024 ≤ n ≤ 1023
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
None
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
1→ f<b>
1101
0nnn
nnnn
nnnn
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Add the 2’s complement number ‘2n’ to
the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a
two-cycle instruction.
1000
bbba
ffff
ffff
Description:
Bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is set.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Example:
HERE
BRA Jump
Q2
Q3
Q4
Before Instruction
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
PC
=
=
address (HERE)
address (Jump)
After Instruction
PC
Example:
BSF
FLAG_REG, 7, 1
0Ah
8Ah
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG
After Instruction
FLAG_REG
=
=
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 305
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BTFSC
Bit Test File, Skip if Clear
BTFSS
Bit Test File, Skip if Set
Syntax:
BTFSC f, b {,a}
Syntax:
BTFSS f, b {,a}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b < 7
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
skip if (f<b>) = 0
Operation:
skip if (f<b>) = 1
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1011
bbba
ffff
ffff
1010
bbba
ffff
ffff
Description:
If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘0’, then the next
instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘0’, then
the next instruction fetched during the
current instruction execution is discarded
and a NOPis executed instead, making
this a two-cycle instruction.
Description:
If bit ‘b’ in register ‘f’ is ‘1’, then the next
instruction is skipped. If bit ‘b’ is ‘1’, then
the next instruction fetched during the
current instruction execution is discarded
and a NOPis executed instead, making
this a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set
is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1
If skip:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
Example:
HERE
FALSE
TRUE
BTFSC
:
:
FLAG, 1, 0
Example:
HERE
FALSE
TRUE
BTFSS
:
:
FLAG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
PC
Before Instruction
PC
=
address (HERE)
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
After Instruction
If FLAG<1>
PC
If FLAG<1>
PC
=
=
=
=
0;
If FLAG<1>
PC
If FLAG<1>
PC
=
=
=
=
0;
address (TRUE)
1;
address (FALSE)
1;
address (FALSE)
address (TRUE)
DS39663F-page 306
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BTG
Bit Toggle f
BOV
Branch if Overflow
BOV
Syntax:
BTG f, b {,a}
Syntax:
n
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
0 ≤ b < 7
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
if Overflow bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Operation:
(f<b>) → f<b>
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1110
0100
nnnn
nnnn
0111
bbba
ffff
ffff
Description:
If the Overflow bit is ‘1’, then the
Description:
Bit ‘b’ in data memory location ‘f’ is
inverted.
program will branch.
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to PC
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
If No Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Example:
BTG
PORTC, 4, 0
Before Instruction:
PORTC
After Instruction:
PORTC
=
0111 0101 [75h]
0110 0101 [65h]
Example:
HERE
BOV Jump
Before Instruction
=
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
If Overflow
PC
If Overflow
PC
=
=
=
=
1;
address (Jump)
0;
address (HERE + 2)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 307
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BZ
Branch if Zero
BZ
CALL
Subroutine Call
Syntax:
n
Syntax:
CALL k {,s}
Operands:
Operation:
-128 ≤ n ≤ 127
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 1048575
s ∈ [0,1]
if Zero bit is ‘1’,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Operation:
(PC) + 4 → TOS,
k → PC<20:1>;
if s = 1,
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1110
0000
nnnn
nnnn
(W) → WS,
(STATUS) → STATUSS,
(BSR) → BSRS
Description:
If the Zero bit is ‘1’, then the program
will branch.
Status Affected:
None
The 2’s complement number ‘2n’ is
added to the PC. Since the PC will have
incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is then a
two-cycle instruction.
Encoding:
1st word (k<7:0>)
2nd word(k<19:8>)
1110
1111
110s
k kkk
kkkk
kkkk
7
0
8
k
kkk kkkk
19
Description:
Subroutine call of entire 2-Mbyte
memory range. First, return address
Words:
Cycles:
1
(PC+ 4) is pushed onto the return stack.
If ‘s’ = 1, the W, STATUS and BSR
registers are also pushed into their
respective shadow registers, WS,
STATUSS and BSRS. If ‘s’ = 0, no
update occurs. Then, the 20-bit value ‘k’
is loaded into PC<20:1>. CALLis a
two-cycle instruction.
1(2)
Q Cycle Activity:
If Jump:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to
PC
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Words:
Cycles:
2
2
If No Jump:
Q1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
No
operation
Decode
Read literal Push PC to Read literal
‘k’<7:0>,
stack
’k’<19:8>,
Write to PC
Example:
HERE
BZ Jump
No
No
No
No
Before Instruction
operation
operation
operation
operation
PC
=
address (HERE)
After Instruction
Example:
HERE
CALL THERE,1
If Zero
PC
If Zero
PC
=
=
=
=
1;
address (Jump)
Before Instruction
PC
After Instruction
0;
=
address (HERE)
address (HERE + 2)
PC
=
address (THERE)
TOS
WS
=
=
=
address (HERE + 4)
W
BSR
STATUS
BSRS
STATUSS =
DS39663F-page 308
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
CLRF
Clear f
CLRWDT
Clear Watchdog Timer
Syntax:
CLRF f {,a}
Syntax:
CLRWDT
None
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
000h → WDT,
000h → WDT postscaler,
1→ TO,
Operation:
000h → f,
1→ Z
1→ PD
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Z
Status Affected:
Encoding:
TO, PD
0110
101a
ffff
ffff
0000
0000
0000
0100
Description:
Clears the contents of the specified
register.
Description:
CLRWDTinstruction resets the
Watchdog Timer. It also resets the
postscaler of the WDT. Status bits, TO
and PD, are set.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
No
Process
Data
No
operation
operation
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Example:
CLRWDT
Before Instruction
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
WDT Counter
After Instruction
WDT Counter
WDT Postscaler
TO
=
?
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
=
=
=
=
00h
0
1
PD
1
Example:
CLRF
FLAG_REG,1
Before Instruction
FLAG_REG
After Instruction
FLAG_REG
=
=
5Ah
00h
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 309
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
CPFSEQ
Compare f with W, Skip if f = W
COMF
Complement f
Syntax:
CPFSEQ f {,a}
Syntax:
COMF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) – (W),
skip if (f) = (W)
(unsigned comparison)
Operation:
f → dest
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0001
11da
ffff
ffff
0110
001a
ffff
ffff
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
Description:
Compares the contents of data memory
location ‘f’ to the contents of W by
performing an unsigned subtraction.
complemented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’.
If ‘f’ = W, then the fetched instruction is
discarded and a NOPis executed
instead, making this a two-cycle
instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Words:
Cycles:
1
Q2
Q3
Q4
1(2)
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Example:
COMF
REG, 0, 0
Q2
Read
register ‘f’
Q3
Process
Data
Q4
No
operation
Before Instruction
Decode
REG
=
13h
After Instruction
If skip:
Q1
REG
W
=
=
13h
ECh
Q2
No
Q3
No
Q4
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
No
Q2
No
Q3
No
Q4
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
Example:
HERE
CPFSEQ REG, 0
NEQUAL
EQUAL
:
:
Before Instruction
PC Address
=
=
=
HERE
?
?
W
REG
After Instruction
If REG
PC
If REG
PC
=
=
≠
=
W;
Address (EQUAL)
W;
Address (NEQUAL)
DS39663F-page 310
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
CPFSGT
Compare f with W, Skip if f > W
CPFSLT
Compare f with W, Skip if f < W
Syntax:
CPFSGT f {,a}
Syntax:
CPFSLT f {,a}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) – (W),
skip if (f) > (W)
(unsigned comparison)
Operation:
(f) – (W),
skip if (f) < (W)
(unsigned comparison)
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0110
010a
ffff
ffff
0110
000a
ffff
ffff
Description:
Compares the contents of data memory
location ‘f’ to the contents of the W by
performing an unsigned subtraction.
Description:
Compares the contents of data memory
location ‘f’ to the contents of W by
performing an unsigned subtraction.
If the contents of ‘f’ are greater than the
contents of WREG, then the fetched
instruction is discarded and a NOPis
executed instead, making this a
two-cycle instruction.
If the contents of ‘f’ are less than the
contents of W, then the fetched
instruction is discarded and a NOPis
executed instead, making this a
two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Words:
Cycles:
1
Decode
Read
Process
Data
No
operation
1(2)
register ‘f’
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
If skip:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Q2
Read
register ‘f’
Q3
Process
Data
Q4
No
operation
Decode
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
If skip:
Q1
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Q2
No
Q3
No
Q4
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
No
operation
No
Q2
No
operation
No
Q3
No
operation
No
Q4
No
operation
No
Example:
HERE
NLESS
LESS
CPFSLT REG, 1
:
:
operation
operation
operation
operation
Before Instruction
PC
W
=
=
Address (HERE)
?
Example:
HERE
CPFSGT REG, 0
NGREATER
GREATER
:
:
After Instruction
If REG
PC
If REG
PC
<
=
≥
=
W;
Address (LESS)
W;
Before Instruction
PC
W
=
=
Address (HERE)
?
Address (NLESS)
After Instruction
If REG
PC
If REG
PC
>
=
≤
=
W;
Address (GREATER)
W;
Address (NGREATER)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 311
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
DAW
Decimal Adjust W Register
DECF
Decrement f
Syntax:
DAW
None
Syntax:
DECF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
If [W<3:0> > 9] or [DC = 1] then,
(W<3:0>) + 6 → W<3:0>;
else,
Operation:
(f) – 1→ dest
(W<3:0>) → W<3:0>;
Status Affected:
Encoding:
C, DC, N, OV, Z
0000
01da
ffff
ffff
If [W<7:4> > 9] or [C = 1] then,
(W<7:4>) + 6 → W<7:4>;
C = 1,
Description:
Decrement register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the
result is stored back in register ‘f’.
else,
(W<7:4>) → W<7:4>
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Status Affected:
Encoding:
C
0000
0000
0000
0111
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Description:
DAW adjusts the eight-bit value in W,
resulting from the earlier addition of two
variables (each in packed BCD format)
and produces a correct packed BCD
result.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Decode
Read
register W
Process
Data
Write
W
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1:
DAW
Before Instruction
Example:
DECF
CNT,
1, 0
W
=
=
=
A5h
0
C
Before Instruction
DC
0
CNT
Z
=
01h
0
After Instruction
=
W
=
=
=
05h
1
0
After Instruction
C
CNT
Z
=
=
00h
1
DC
Example 2:
Before Instruction
W
=
=
=
CEh
0
0
C
DC
After Instruction
W
=
=
=
34h
1
0
C
DC
DS39663F-page 312
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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DECFSZ
Decrement f, Skip if 0
DCFSNZ
Decrement f, Skip if not 0
Syntax:
DECFSZ f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
DCFSNZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) – 1→ dest,
skip if result = 0
Operation:
(f) – 1→ dest,
skip if result ≠ 0
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0010
11da
ffff
ffff
0100
11da
ffff
ffff
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’.
decremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’.
If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction
which is already fetched is discarded
and a NOPis executed instead, making
it a two-cycle instruction.
If the result is not ‘0’, the next
instruction which is already fetched is
discarded and a NOPis executed
instead, making it a two-cycle
instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Decode
Read
Process
Data
Write to
destination
register ‘f’
If skip:
Q1
If skip:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
Example:
HERE
DECFSZ
GOTO
CNT, 1, 1
LOOP
Example:
HERE
ZERO
NZERO
DCFSNZ TEMP, 1, 0
:
:
CONTINUE
Before Instruction
PC
After Instruction
Before Instruction
TEMP
After Instruction
=
Address (HERE)
=
?
CNT
=
CNT – 1
0;
If CNT
=
=
≠
=
TEMP
If TEMP
PC
If TEMP
PC
=
=
=
≠
=
TEMP – 1,
0;
Address (ZERO)
0;
Address (NZERO)
PC
Address (CONTINUE)
0;
If CNT
PC
Address (HERE + 2)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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GOTO
Unconditional Branch
GOTO
INCF
Increment f
Syntax:
k
Syntax:
INCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
0 ≤ k ≤ 1048575
k → PC<20:1>
None
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) + 1→ dest
Encoding:
1st word (k<7:0>)
2nd word(k<19:8>)
Status Affected:
Encoding:
C, DC, N, OV, Z
1110
1111
1111
kkk
k kkk
kkkk
kkkk
kkkk
7
0
8
k
0010
10da
ffff
ffff
19
Description:
GOTOallows an unconditional branch
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
anywhere within entire 2-Mbyte memory
range. The 20-bit value ‘k’ is loaded into
PC<20:1>. GOTOis always a two-cycle
instruction.
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Words:
Cycles:
2
2
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read literal
‘k’<7:0>,
No
operation
Read literal
‘k’<19:8>,
Write to PC
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Example:
GOTO THERE
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
After Instruction
Q2
Q3
Q4
PC
=
Address (THERE)
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example:
INCF
CNT, 1, 0
Before Instruction
CNT
Z
=
FFh
0
=
=
=
C
?
DC
?
After Instruction
CNT
Z
=
00h
1
=
=
=
C
1
DC
1
DS39663F-page 314
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INFSNZ
Increment f, Skip if not 0
INCFSZ
Increment f, Skip if 0
Syntax:
INFSNZ f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
INCFSZ f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) + 1→ dest,
skip if result ≠ 0
Operation:
(f) + 1→ dest,
skip if result = 0
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0100
10da
ffff
ffff
0011
11da
ffff
ffff
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’.
incremented. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’.
If the result is not ‘0’, the next
instruction which is already fetched is
discarded and a NOPis executed
instead, making it a two-cycle
instruction.
If the result is ‘0’, the next instruction
which is already fetched is discarded
and a NOPis executed instead, making
it a two-cycle instruction.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1(2)
1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
If skip:
Q1
If skip:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
operation
Example:
HERE
NZERO
ZERO
INCFSZ
:
:
CNT, 1, 0
Example:
HERE
ZERO
NZERO
INFSNZ REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
PC
After Instruction
Before Instruction
PC
After Instruction
=
Address (HERE)
=
Address (HERE)
REG
If REG
PC
If REG
PC
=
REG + 1
CNT
If CNT
PC
If CNT
PC
=
CNT + 1
≠
=
=
=
0;
=
=
≠
=
0;
Address (NZERO)
0;
Address (ZERO)
Address (ZERO)
0;
Address (NZERO)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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IORLW
Inclusive OR Literal with W
IORLW
IORWF
Inclusive OR W with f
Syntax:
k
Syntax:
IORWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
(W) .OR. k → W
N, Z
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) .OR. (f) → dest
0000
1001
kkkk
kkkk
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
The contents of W are ORed with the
eight-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed
in W.
0001
00da
ffff
ffff
Description:
Inclusive OR W with register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is
‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’,
the result is placed back in register ‘f’.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example:
IORLW
35h
Before Instruction
W
=
9Ah
BFh
After Instruction
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
W
=
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example:
IORWF RESULT, 0, 1
Before Instruction
RESULT =
13h
91h
W
=
After Instruction
RESULT =
13h
93h
W
=
DS39663F-page 316
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LFSR
Load FSR
MOVF
Move f
Syntax:
LFSR f, k
Syntax:
MOVF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 2
0 ≤ k ≤ 4095
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
k → FSRf
Operation:
f → dest
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
1110
1111
1110
0000
00ff
k kkk
k kkk
11
kkkk
0101
00da
ffff
ffff
7
Description:
The 12-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the
file select register pointed to by ‘f’.
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are moved to
a destination dependent upon the
status of ‘d’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is
placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’. Location ‘f’
can be anywhere in the
Words:
Cycles:
2
2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
256-byte bank.
Q2
Q3
Q4
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Decode
Read literal
‘k’ MSB
Process
Data
Write
literal ‘k’
MSB to
FSRfH
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Decode
Read literal
‘k’ LSB
Process
Data
Write literal
‘k’ to FSRfL
Example:
LFSR 2, 3ABh
After Instruction
FSR2H
FSR2L
=
=
03h
ABh
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
W
Example:
MOVF
REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG
W
=
=
22h
FFh
After Instruction
REG
W
=
=
22h
22h
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MOVFF
Move f to f
MOVFF f ,f
MOVLB
Move Literal to Low Nibble in BSR
MOVLW
Syntax:
Syntax:
k
s
d
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 4095
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
k → BSR
None
s
0 ≤ f ≤ 4095
d
Operation:
(f ) → f
s
d
Status Affected:
None
0000
0001
kkkk
kkkk
Encoding:
1st word (source)
2nd word (destin.)
The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into the
Bank Select Register (BSR). The value
of BSR<7:4> always remains ‘0’
1100
1111
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
ffff
s
d
Description:
The contents of source register ‘f ’ are
regardless of the value of k :k .
s
7 4
moved to destination register ‘f ’.
d
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Location of source ‘f ’ can be anywhere
s
in the 4096-byte data space (000h to
FFFh) and location of destination ‘f ’
can also be anywhere from 000h to
FFFh.
d
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write literal
‘k’ to BSR
Either source or destination can be W
(a useful special situation).
MOVFFis particularly useful for
transferring a data memory location to a
peripheral register (such as the transmit
buffer or an I/O port).
Example:
MOVLB
5
Before Instruction
BSR Register =
After Instruction
BSR Register =
02h
05h
The MOVFFinstruction cannot use the
PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the
destination register
Words:
Cycles:
2
2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
(src)
Process
Data
No
operation
Decode
No
operation
No
operation
Write
register ‘f’
(dest)
No dummy
read
Example:
MOVFF
REG1, REG2
Before Instruction
REG1
REG2
=
=
33h
11h
After Instruction
REG1
REG2
=
=
33h
33h
DS39663F-page 318
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MOVLW
Move Literal to W
MOVLW
MOVWF
Move W to f
Syntax:
k
Syntax:
MOVWF f {,a}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
Words:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
k → W
None
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) → f
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0000
1110
kkkk
kkkk
0110
111a
ffff
ffff
The eight-bit literal ‘k’ is loaded into W.
Description:
Move data from W to register ‘f’.
Location ‘f’ can be anywhere in the
256-byte bank.
1
1
Cycles:
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example:
MOVLW
5Ah
After Instruction
W
=
5Ah
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example:
MOVWF
REG, 0
Before Instruction
W
REG
=
=
4Fh
FFh
After Instruction
W
REG
=
=
4Fh
4Fh
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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MULLW
Multiply Literal with W
MULWF
Multiply W with f
Syntax:
MULLW
k
Syntax:
MULWF f {,a}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
(W) x k → PRODH:PRODL
Operation:
(W) x (f) → PRODH:PRODL
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0000
1101
kkkk
kkkk
0000
001a
ffff
ffff
An unsigned multiplication is carried
out between the contents of W and the
8-bit literal ‘k’. The 16-bit result is
placed in PRODH:PRODL register pair.
PRODH contains the high byte.
Description:
An unsigned multiplication is carried out
between the contents of W and the
register file location ‘f’. The 16-bit result is
stored in the PRODH:PRODL register
pair. PRODH contains the high byte. Both
W and ‘f’ are unchanged.
W is unchanged.
None of the Status flags are affected.
None of the Status flags are affected.
Note that neither Overflow nor Carry is
possible in this operation. A Zero result
is possible but not detected.
Note that neither Overflow nor Carry is
possible in this operation. A Zero result is
possible but not detected.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction set
is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write
registers
PRODH:
PRODL
Example:
MULLW
0C4h
E2h
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Before Instruction
W
PRODH
PRODL
=
=
=
?
?
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
After Instruction
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
W
PRODH
PRODL
=
=
=
E2h
ADh
08h
registers
PRODH:
PRODL
Example:
MULWF
REG, 1
Before Instruction
W
=
=
=
=
C4h
REG
B5h
?
PRODH
PRODL
?
After Instruction
W
=
=
=
=
C4h
B5h
8Ah
94h
REG
PRODH
PRODL
DS39663F-page 320
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NEGF
Negate f
NOP
No Operation
Syntax:
NEGF f {,a}
Syntax:
NOP
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
No operation
None
Operation:
(f) + 1→ f
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, OV, C, DC, Z
0000
1111
0000
xxxx
0000
xxxx
0000
xxxx
0110
110a
ffff
ffff
Description:
Location ‘f’ is negated using two’s
complement. The result is placed in the
data memory location ‘f’.
Description:
Words:
No operation.
1
1
Cycles:
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
No
operation
Q4
Decode
No
operation
No
operation
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example:
None.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Example:
NEGF
REG, 1
Before Instruction
REG
After Instruction
REG
=
0011 1010 [3Ah]
1100 0110 [C6h]
=
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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POP
Pop Top of Return Stack
PUSH
Push Top of Return Stack
Syntax:
POP
Syntax:
PUSH
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
None
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
None
(TOS) → bit bucket
(PC + 2) → TOS
None
None
0000
0000
0000
0110
0000
0000
0000
0101
The TOS value is pulled off the return
stack and is discarded. The TOS value
then becomes the previous value that
was pushed onto the return stack.
This instruction is provided to enable
the user to properly manage the return
stack to incorporate a software stack.
The PC + 2 is pushed onto the top of
the return stack. The previous TOS
value is pushed down on the stack.
This instruction allows implementing a
software stack by modifying TOS and
then pushing it onto the return stack.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
PUSH
No
No
Decode
No
operation
POP TOS
value
No
operation
PC + 2 onto
return stack
operation
operation
Example:
POP
Example:
PUSH
GOTO
NEW
Before Instruction
Before Instruction
TOS
Stack (1 level down)
TOS
PC
=
=
345Ah
0124h
=
=
0031A2h
014332h
After Instruction
After Instruction
PC
=
=
=
0126h
0126h
345Ah
TOS
TOS
PC
=
=
014332h
NEW
Stack (1 level down)
DS39663F-page 322
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RCALL
Relative Call
RCALL
RESET
Reset
Syntax:
n
Syntax:
RESET
None
Operands:
Operation:
-1024 ≤ n ≤ 1023
Operands:
Operation:
(PC) + 2 → TOS,
(PC) + 2 + 2n → PC
Reset all registers and flags that are
affected by a MCLR Reset.
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
All
1101
1nnn
nnnn
nnnn
0000
0000
1111
1111
Description:
Subroutine call with a jump up to 1K
from the current location. First, return
address (PC + 2) is pushed onto the
stack. Then, add the 2’s complement
number ‘2n’ to the PC. Since the PC will
have incremented to fetch the next
instruction, the new address will be
PC + 2 + 2n. This instruction is a
two-cycle instruction.
Description:
This instruction provides a way to
execute a MCLR Reset in software.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Start
reset
No
operation
No
operation
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
Example:
RESET
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
After Instruction
Registers =
Q2
Q3
Q4
Reset Value
Reset Value
Flags*
=
Decode
Read literal
‘n’
Process
Data
Write to PC
PUSH PC
to stack
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
Example:
HERE
RCALL Jump
Before Instruction
PC
After Instruction
PC
TOS =
=
Address (HERE)
=
Address (Jump)
Address (HERE + 2)
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RETFIE
Return from Interrupt
RETLW
Return Literal to W
RETLW
Syntax:
RETFIE {s}
Syntax:
k
Operands:
Operation:
s ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
(TOS) → PC,
k → W,
1→ GIE/GIEH or PEIE/GIEL;
if s = 1,
(TOS) → PC,
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged
(WS) → W,
(STATUSS) → STATUS,
(BSRS) → BSR,
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0000
1100
kkkk
kkkk
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged
Description:
W is loaded with the eight-bit literal ‘k’.
The program counter is loaded from the
top of the stack (the return address).
The high address latch (PCLATH)
remains unchanged.
Status Affected:
Encoding:
GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL.
0000
0000
0001
000s
Description:
Return from interrupt. Stack is popped
and Top-of-Stack (TOS) is loaded into
the PC. Interrupts are enabled by
setting either the high or low-priority
global interrupt enable bit. If ‘s’ = 1, the
contents of the shadow registers WS,
STATUSS and BSRS are loaded into
their corresponding registers W,
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
POP PC
from stack,
write to W
STATUS and BSR. If ‘s’ = 0, no update
of these registers occurs.
No
operation
No
No
No
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
operation
operation
operation
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Example:
Q2
Q3
Q4
CALL TABLE ; W contains table
; offset value
Decode
No
operation
No
operation
POP PC
from stack
; W now has
; table value
Set GIEH or
GIEL
:
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
TABLE
ADDWF PCL ; W = offset
RETLW k0
RETLW k1
:
; Begin table
;
Example:
RETFIE
1
After Interrupt
:
PC
=
=
=
=
=
TOS
WS
RETLW kn
; End of table
W
BSR
STATUS
BSRS
STATUSS
1
Before Instruction
GIE/GIEH, PEIE/GIEL
W
=
07h
After Instruction
W
=
value of kn
DS39663F-page 324
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RETURN
Return from Subroutine
RLCF
Rotate Left f through Carry
Syntax:
RETURN {s}
Syntax:
RLCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
s ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
(TOS) → PC;
if s = 1,
(WS) → W,
Operation:
(f<n>) → dest<n + 1>,
(f<7>) → C,
(C) → dest<0>
(STATUSS) → STATUS,
(BSRS) → BSR,
PCLATU, PCLATH are unchanged
Status Affected:
Encoding:
C, N, Z
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0011
01da
ffff
ffff
0000
0000
0001
001s
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the left through the Carry flag.
If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W. If ‘d’
is ‘1’, the result is stored back in register
‘f’.
Description:
Return from subroutine. The stack is
popped and the top of the stack (TOS)
is loaded into the program counter. If
‘s’= 1, the contents of the shadow
registers WS, STATUSS and BSRS are
loaded into their corresponding
registers W, STATUS and BSR. If
‘s’ = 0, no update of these registers
occurs.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
No
operation
Process
Data
POP PC
register f
C
from stack
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
No
operation
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Example:
RETURN
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
After Instruction:
PC = TOS
Example:
RLCF
REG, 0, 0
Before Instruction
REG
C
=
=
1110 0110
0
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
=
=
1110 0110
1100 1100
1
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RLNCF
Rotate Left f (No Carry)
RRCF
Rotate Right f through Carry
Syntax:
RLNCF f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
RRCF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f<n>) → dest<n + 1>,
(f<7>) → dest<0>
Operation:
(f<n>) → dest<n – 1>,
(f<0>) → C,
(C) → dest<7>
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
Status Affected:
Encoding:
C, N, Z
0100
01da
ffff
ffff
0011
00da
ffff
ffff
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the left. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
stored back in register ‘f’.
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the right through the Carry
flag. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is placed in W.
If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is placed back in
register ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
register f
register f
C
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example:
RLNCF
REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG
After Instruction
Example:
RRCF
REG, 0, 0
=
1010 1011
0101 0111
Before Instruction
REG
=
REG
C
=
=
1110 0110
0
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
=
=
1110 0110
0111 0011
0
DS39663F-page 326
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RRNCF
Rotate Right f (No Carry)
SETF
Set f
Syntax:
RRNCF f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
SETF f {,a}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
FFh → f
Operation:
(f<n>) → dest<n – 1>,
(f<0>) → dest<7>
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0110
100a
ffff
ffff
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
Description:
The contents of the specified register
are set to FFh.
0100
00da
ffff
ffff
Description:
The contents of register ‘f’ are rotated
one bit to the right. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed back in register ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank will be
selected, overriding the BSR value. If ‘a’
is ‘1’, then the bank will be selected as
per the BSR value.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
register f
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write
register ‘f’
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Example:
SETF
REG,1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Before Instruction
REG
After Instruction
REG
=
=
5Ah
FFh
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1:
RRNCF
REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG
After Instruction
REG
=
1101 0111
1110 1011
RRNCF REG, 0, 0
=
Example 2:
Before Instruction
W
REG
=
=
?
1101 0111
After Instruction
W
REG
=
=
1110 1011
1101 0111
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SLEEP
Enter Sleep Mode
SUBFWB
Subtract f from W with Borrow
Syntax:
SLEEP
None
Syntax:
SUBFWB f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
00h → WDT,
0→ WDT postscaler,
1→ TO,
Operation:
(W) – (f) – (C) → dest
0→ PD
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, OV, C, DC, Z
Status Affected:
Encoding:
TO, PD
0101
01da
ffff
ffff
0000
0000
0000
0011
Description:
Subtract register ‘f’ and Carry flag
(borrow) from W (2’s complement
method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in
W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored in
register ‘f’.
Description:
The Power-Down status bit (PD) is
cleared. The Time-out status bit (TO)
is set. The Watchdog Timer and its
postscaler are cleared.
The processor is put into Sleep mode
with the oscillator stopped.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected. If
‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates in
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Decode
No
operation
Process
Data
Go to
Sleep
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Example:
SLEEP
Before Instruction
TO
PD
=
=
?
?
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
After Instruction
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
TO
PD
=
=
1 †
0
Example 1:
SUBFWB
REG, 1, 0
†
If WDT causes wake-up, this bit is cleared.
Before Instruction
REG
W
C
=
=
=
3
2
1
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
FF
2
=
=
=
=
0
Z
0
1
N
; result is negative
Example 2:
Before Instruction
SUBFWB
REG, 0, 0
REG
W
C
=
=
=
2
5
1
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
2
3
1
0
=
=
=
=
Z
N
0
; result is positive
Example 3:
Before Instruction
SUBFWB
REG, 1, 0
REG
W
C
=
=
=
1
2
0
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
0
2
1
1
0
=
=
=
=
Z
; result is zero
N
DS39663F-page 328
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
SUBLW
Subtract W from Literal
SUBLW
SUBWF
Subtract W from f
Syntax:
k
Syntax:
SUBWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
k – (W) → W
N, OV, C, DC, Z
Operation:
(f) – (W) → dest
0000
1000
kkkk
kkkk
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, OV, C, DC, Z
W is subtracted from the eight-bit
literal ‘k’. The result is placed in W.
0101
11da
ffff
ffff
Description:
Subtract W from register ‘f’ (2’s
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
complement method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the
result is stored in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result
is stored back in register ‘f’.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example 1:
SUBLW 02h
Before Instruction
W
C
=
=
01h
?
After Instruction
W
C
Z
=
01h
=
=
=
1
0
0
; result is positive
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
N
Example 2:
SUBLW 02h
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Before Instruction
Q2
Q3
Q4
W
C
=
=
02h
?
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
After Instruction
W
C
Z
=
00h
Example 1:
SUBWF
REG, 1, 0
=
=
=
1
1
0
; result is zero
Before Instruction
N
REG
W
C
=
=
=
3
2
?
Example 3:
SUBLW 02h
Before Instruction
After Instruction
W
C
=
=
03h
?
REG
W
C
=
1
2
1
0
0
=
=
=
=
; result is positive
After Instruction
Z
W
C
Z
=
FFh ; (2’s complement)
N
=
=
=
0
0
1
; result is negative
Example 2:
Before Instruction
SUBWF
REG, 0, 0
N
REG
W
C
=
=
=
2
2
?
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
2
0
1
1
0
=
=
=
=
; result is zero
Z
N
Example 3:
Before Instruction
SUBWF
REG, 1, 0
REG
W
C
=
=
=
1
2
?
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
FFh ;(2’s complement)
2
0
0
1
=
=
=
=
; result is negative
Z
N
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 329
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
SUBWFB
Subtract W from f with Borrow
SWAPF
Swap f
Syntax:
SUBWFB f {,d {,a}}
Syntax:
SWAPF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(f) – (W) – (C) → dest
Operation:
(f<3:0>) → dest<7:4>,
(f<7:4>) → dest<3:0>
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, OV, C, DC, Z
0101
10da
ffff
ffff
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Description:
Subtract W and the Carry flag (borrow)
from register ‘f’ (2’s complement
method). If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored
in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in register ‘f’.
0011
10da
ffff
ffff
Description:
The upper and lower nibbles of register
‘f’ are exchanged. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result
is placed in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is
placed in register ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Read
register ‘f’
Q3
Process
Data
Q4
Decode
Write to
destination
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example 1:
SUBWFB REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG
W
C
=
=
=
19h
0Dh
1
(0001 1001)
(0000 1101)
Example:
SWAPF
REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG
After Instruction
=
53h
35h
After Instruction
REG
W
=
0Ch
0Dh
1
(0000 1011)
(0000 1101)
=
=
=
=
REG
=
C
Z
0
N
0
; result is positive
Example 2:
Before Instruction
SUBWFB REG, 0, 0
REG
W
C
=
=
=
1Bh
1Ah
0
(0001 1011)
(0001 1010)
After Instruction
REG
W
C
=
1Bh
00h
1
(0001 1011)
=
=
=
=
Z
1
; result is zero
N
0
Example 3:
Before Instruction
SUBWFB REG, 1, 0
REG
W
C
=
=
=
03h
0Eh
1
(0000 0011)
(0000 1101)
After Instruction
REG
=
F5h
(1111 0100)
; [2’s comp]
W
=
=
=
=
0Eh
0
0
1
(0000 1101)
C
Z
N
; result is negative
DS39663F-page 330
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TBLRD
Table Read
TBLRD
Table Read (Continued)
Syntax:
TBLRD ( *; *+; *-; +*)
None
Example 1:
TBLRD *+ ;
Operands:
Operation:
Before Instruction
TABLAT
TBLPTR
MEMORY(00A356h)
=
=
=
55h
00A356h
34h
if TBLRD *,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT,
TBLPTR – No Change;
if TBLRD *+,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT,
(TBLPTR) + 1→ TBLPTR;
if TBLRD *-,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT,
(TBLPTR) – 1→ TBLPTR;
if TBLRD +*,
(TBLPTR) + 1→ TBLPTR,
(Prog Mem (TBLPTR)) → TABLAT
After Instruction
TABLAT
TBLPTR
=
=
34h
00A357h
Example 2:
TBLRD +* ;
Before Instruction
TABLAT
TBLPTR
MEMORY(01A357h)
MEMORY(01A358h)
After Instruction
=
=
=
=
AAh
01A357h
12h
34h
TABLAT
TBLPTR
=
=
34h
01A358h
Status Affected: None
Encoding:
0000
0000
0000
10nn
nn=0 *
=1 *+
=2 *-
=3 +*
Description:
This instruction is used to read the contents
of Program Memory (P.M.). To address the
program memory, a pointer called Table
Pointer (TBLPTR) is used.
The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to
each byte in the program memory. TBLPTR
has a 2-Mbyte address range.
TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte of
Program Memory Word
TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte of
Program Memory Word
The TBLRDinstruction can modify the value
of TBLPTR as follows:
•
•
•
•
no change
post-increment
post-decrement
pre-increment
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
No
Q3
No
Q4
Decode
No
operation
operation
operation
No
No operation
No
No operation
(Write
TABLAT)
operation (Read Program operation
Memory)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 331
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TBLWT
Table Write
TBLWT
Table Write (Continued)
Syntax:
TBLWT ( *; *+; *-; +*)
None
Example 1:
TBLWT *+;
Operands:
Operation:
Before Instruction
if TBLWT*,
TABLAT
TBLPTR
HOLDING REGISTER
(00A356h)
=
=
55h
00A356h
(TABLAT) → Holding Register,
TBLPTR – No Change;
if TBLWT*+,
(TABLAT) → Holding Register,
(TBLPTR) + 1→ TBLPTR;
if TBLWT*-,
(TABLAT) → Holding Register,
(TBLPTR) – 1→ TBLPTR;
if TBLWT+*,
(TBLPTR) + 1→ TBLPTR,
(TABLAT) → Holding Register
=
FFh
After Instructions (table write completion)
TABLAT
TBLPTR
HOLDING REGISTER
(00A356h)
=
=
55h
00A357h
=
55h
Example 2:
TBLWT +*;
Before Instruction
TABLAT
TBLPTR
=
=
34h
01389Ah
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Ah)
Status Affected: None
=
=
FFh
FFh
Encoding:
0000
0000
0000
11nn
nn=0 *
=1 *+
=2 *-
=3 +*
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Bh)
After Instruction (table write completion)
TABLAT
TBLPTR
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Ah)
HOLDING REGISTER
(01389Bh)
=
=
34h
01389Bh
Description:
This instruction uses the 3 LSBs of
TBLPTR to determine which of the
8 holding registers the TABLAT is written
to. The holding registers are used to
program the contents of Program Memory
(P.M.). (Refer to Section 6.0 “Memory
Organization” for additional details on
programming Flash memory.)
=
=
FFh
34h
The TBLPTR (a 21-bit pointer) points to
each byte in the program memory.
TBLPTR has a 2-Mbyte address range.
The LSb of the TBLPTR selects which
byte of the program memory location to
access.
TBLPTR[0] = 0: Least Significant Byte
of Program Memory
Word
TBLPTR[0] = 1: Most Significant Byte
of Program Memory
Word
The TBLWT instruction can modify the
value of TBLPTR as follows:
•
•
•
•
no change
post-increment
post-decrement
pre-increment
Words:
1
2
Cycles:
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
No
Q3
No
Q4
No
Decode
operation operation operation
No
No No No
operation operation operation operation
(Read
TABLAT)
(Write to
Holding
Register)
DS39663F-page 332
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TSTFSZ
Test f, Skip if 0
XORLW
Exclusive OR Literal with W
XORLW
Syntax:
TSTFSZ f {,a}
Syntax:
k
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
a ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
(W) .XOR. k → W
N, Z
Operation:
skip if f = 0
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0000
1010
kkkk
kkkk
0110
011a
ffff
ffff
The contents of W are XORed with
the 8-bit literal ‘k’. The result is placed
in W.
Description:
If ‘f’ = 0, the next instruction fetched
during the current instruction execution
is discarded and a NOPis executed,
making this a two-cycle instruction.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
W
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Example:
XORLW
0AFh
Before Instruction
W
=
B5h
1Ah
After Instruction
Words:
Cycles:
1
W
=
1(2)
Note: 3 cycles if skip and followed
by a 2-word instruction.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
No
operation
If skip:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
If skip and followed by 2-word instruction:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
No
No
No
No
operation
operation
operation
operation
Example:
HERE
NZERO
ZERO
TSTFSZ CNT, 1
:
:
Before Instruction
PC
=
Address (HERE)
After Instruction
If CNT
PC
If CNT
PC
=
=
≠
=
00h,
Address (ZERO)
00h,
Address (NZERO)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 333
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
XORWF
Exclusive OR W with f
Syntax:
XORWF f {,d {,a}}
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 255
d ∈ [0,1]
a ∈ [0,1]
Operation:
(W) .XOR. (f) → dest
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, Z
0001
10da
ffff
ffff
Description:
Exclusive OR the contents of W with
register ‘f’. If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored
in W. If ‘d’ is ‘1’, the result is stored back
in the register ‘f’.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’, the Access Bank is selected.
If ‘a’ is ‘1’, the BSR is used to select the
GPR bank.
If ‘a’ is ‘0’ and the extended instruction
set is enabled, this instruction operates
in Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode whenever f ≤ 95 (5Fh). See
Section 25.2.3 “Byte-Oriented and
Bit-Oriented Instructions in Indexed
Literal Offset Mode” for details.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Example:
XORWF
REG, 1, 0
Before Instruction
REG
W
=
=
AFh
B5h
After Instruction
REG
W
=
=
1Ah
B5h
DS39663F-page 334
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
A summary of the instructions in the extended instruc-
tion set is provided in Table 25-3. Detailed descriptions
are provided in Section 25.2.2 “Extended Instruction
Set”. The opcode field descriptions in Table 25-1 (page
294) apply to both the standard and extended PIC18
instruction sets.
25.2 Extended Instruction Set
In addition to the standard 75 instructions of the PIC18
instruction set, the PIC18F87J10 family of devices also
provide an optional extension to the core CPU function-
ality. The added features include eight additional
instructions that augment Indirect and Indexed
Addressing operations and the implementation of
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing for many of the
standard PIC18 instructions.
Note:
The instruction set extension and the
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing mode
were designed for optimizing applications
written in C; the user may likely never use
these instructions directly in assembler.
The syntax for these commands is
provided as a reference for users who may
be reviewing code that has been
generated by a compiler.
The additional features of the extended instruction set
are disabled by default on unprogrammed devices.
Users must properly set or clear the XINST Configura-
tion bit during programming to enable or disable these
features.
The instructions in the extended set can all be
classified as literal operations, which either manipulate
the File Select Registers, or use them for Indexed
Addressing. Two of the instructions, ADDFSR and
SUBFSR, each have an additional special instantiation
for using FSR2. These versions (ADDULNK and
SUBULNK) allow for automatic return after execution.
25.2.1
EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SYNTAX
Most of the extended instructions use indexed argu-
ments, using one of the File Select Registers and some
offset to specify a source or destination register. When
an argument for an instruction serves as part of
Indexed Addressing, it is enclosed in square brackets
(“[ ]”). This is done to indicate that the argument is used
as an index or offset. The MPASM™ Assembler will
flag an error if it determines that an index or offset value
is not bracketed.
The extended instructions are specifically implemented
to optimize re-entrant program code (that is, code that
is recursive or that uses a software stack) written in
high-level languages, particularly C. Among other
things, they allow users working in high-level
languages to perform certain operations on data
structures more efficiently. These include:
When the extended instruction set is enabled, brackets
are also used to indicate index arguments in
byte-oriented and bit-oriented instructions. This is in
addition to other changes in their syntax. For more
details, see Section 25.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction
Syntax with Standard PIC18 Commands”.
• dynamic allocation and deallocation of software
stack space when entering and leaving
subroutines
• function pointer invocation
Note:
In the past, square brackets have been
used to denote optional arguments in the
PIC18 and earlier instruction sets. In this
text and going forward, optional
arguments are denoted by braces (“{ }”).
• software Stack Pointer manipulation
• manipulation of variables located in a software
stack
TABLE 25-3: EXTENSIONS TO THE PIC18 INSTRUCTION SET
16-Bit Instruction Word
MSb LSb
Mnemonic,
Operands
Status
Affected
Description
Cycles
ADDFSR
ADDULNK
CALLW
f, k
k
Add Literal to FSR
Add Literal to FSR2 and Return
Call Subroutine using WREG
1
2
2
2
1110 1000 ffkk kkkk
1110 1000 11kk kkkk
0000 0000 0001 0100
1110 1011 0zzz zzzz
1111 ffff ffff ffff
1110 1011 1zzz zzzz
1111 xxxx xzzz zzzz
1110 1010 kkkk kkkk
None
None
None
None
MOVSF
zs, fd Move zs (source) to 1st word
fd (destination) 2nd word
zs, zd Move zs (source) to 1st word
zd (destination) 2nd word
MOVSS
PUSHL
2
1
None
None
k
Store Literal at FSR2,
Decrement FSR2
SUBFSR
SUBULNK
f, k
k
Subtract Literal from FSR
Subtract Literal from FSR2 and
Return
1
2
1110 1001 ffkk kkkk
1110 1001 11kk kkkk
None
None
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 335
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
25.2.2
EXTENDED INSTRUCTION SET
ADDFSR
Add Literal to FSR
ADDULNK
Add Literal to FSR2 and Return
Syntax:
ADDFSR f, k
Syntax:
ADDULNK k
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 63
f ∈ [ 0, 1, 2 ]
Operands:
Operation:
0 ≤ k ≤ 63
FSR2 + k → FSR2,
(TOS) → PC
None
Operation:
FSR(f) + k → FSR(f)
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
1110
1000
ffkk
kkkk
1110
1000
11kk
kkkk
Description:
The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the
contents of the FSR specified by ‘f’.
Description:
The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is added to the
contents of FSR2. A RETURNis then
executed by loading the PC with the
TOS.
Words:
1
1
Cycles:
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
The instruction takes two cycles to
execute; a NOPis performed during
the second cycle.
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
FSR
This may be thought of as a special
case of the ADDFSRinstruction,
where f = 3 (binary ‘11’); it operates
only on FSR2.
Example:
ADDFSR 2, 23h
Words:
1
2
Before Instruction
FSR2
After Instruction
FSR2
Cycles:
=
03FFh
0422h
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
=
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
literal ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
FSR
No
No
No
No
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
Example:
ADDULNK 23h
Before Instruction
FSR2
PC
=
=
03FFh
0100h
After Instruction
FSR2
PC
=
=
0422h
(TOS)
Note:
All PIC18 instructions may take an optional label argument preceding the instruction mnemonic for use in
symbolic addressing. If a label is used, the instruction format then becomes: {label} instruction argument(s).
DS39663F-page 336
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
CALLW
Subroutine Call using WREG
MOVSF
Move Indexed to f
Syntax:
CALLW
None
Syntax:
MOVSF [z ], f
s
d
Operands:
Operation:
Operands:
0 ≤ z ≤ 127
s
0 ≤ f ≤ 4095
d
(PC + 2) → TOS,
(W) → PCL,
Operation:
((FSR2) + z ) → f
s
d
(PCLATH) → PCH,
(PCLATU) → PCU
Status Affected:
None
Encoding:
1st word (source)
2nd word (destin.)
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
1110
1111
1011
ffff
0zzz
ffff
zzzz
ffff
s
d
0000
0000
0001
0100
Description
First, the return address (PC + 2) is
pushed onto the return stack. Next, the
contents of W are written to PCL; the
existing value is discarded. Then, the
contents of PCLATH and PCLATU are
latched into PCH and PCU,
respectively. The second cycle is
executed as a NOPinstruction while the
new next instruction is fetched.
Description:
The contents of the source register are
moved to destination register ‘f ’. The
d
actual address of the source register is
determined by adding the 7-bit literal
offset ‘z ’, in the first word, to the value
s
of FSR2. The address of the destination
register is specified by the 12-bit literal
‘f ’ in the second word. Both addresses
d
can be anywhere in the 4096-byte data
space (000h to FFFh).
Unlike CALL, there is no option to
update W, STATUS or BSR.
The MOVSFinstruction cannot use the
PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the
destination register.
Words:
Cycles:
1
2
If the resultant source address points to
an Indirect Addressing register, the
value returned will be 00h.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
WREG
Push PC to
stack
No
operation
Words:
Cycles:
2
2
No
No
No
No
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
operation
operation
operation
operation
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Determine
source addr source addr source reg
Determine
Read
Example:
HERE
CALLW
Before Instruction
Decode
No
operation
No
operation
Write
register ‘f’
(dest)
PC
=
address (HERE)
PCLATH =
PCLATU =
10h
00h
06h
No dummy
read
W
=
After Instruction
PC
=
001006h
TOS
=
address (HERE + 2)
Example:
MOVSF
[05h], REG2
PCLATH =
PCLATU =
W
10h
00h
06h
Before Instruction
=
FSR2
=
80h
33h
Contents
of 85h
REG2
=
=
11h
After Instruction
FSR2
=
80h
Contents
of 85h
REG2
=
=
33h
33h
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 337
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
MOVSS
Move Indexed to Indexed
PUSHL
Store Literal at FSR2, Decrement FSR2
Syntax:
MOVSS [z ], [z ]
Syntax:
PUSHL k
s
d
Operands:
0 ≤ z ≤ 127
s
Operands:
Operation:
0 ≤ k ≤ 255
0 ≤ z ≤ 127
d
k → (FSR2),
FSR2 – 1→ FSR2
Operation:
((FSR2) + z ) → ((FSR2) + z )
s d
Status Affected:
None
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
Encoding:
1st word (source)
2nd word (dest.)
1111
1010
kkkk
kkkk
1110
1111
1011
xxxx
1zzz
xzzz
zzzz
zzzz
s
d
Description:
The 8-bit literal ‘k’ is written to the data
memory address specified by FSR2.
FSR2 is decremented by 1 after the
operation.
Description
The contents of the source register are
moved to the destination register. The
addresses of the source and destination
registers are determined by adding the
This instruction allows users to push
values onto a software stack.
7-bit literal offsets ‘z ’ or ‘z ’,
s
d
respectively, to the value of FSR2. Both
registers can be located anywhere in
the 4096-byte data memory space
(000h to FFFh).
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
The MOVSSinstruction cannot use the
PCL, TOSU, TOSH or TOSL as the
destination register.
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read ‘k’
Process
data
Write to
destination
If the resultant source address points to
an Indirect Addressing register, the
value returned will be 00h. If the
Example:
PUSHL 08h
resultant destination address points to
an Indirect Addressing register, the
instruction will execute as a NOP.
Before Instruction
FSR2H:FSR2L
Memory (01ECh)
=
=
01ECh
00h
Words:
2
2
After Instruction
Cycles:
FSR2H:FSR2L
Memory (01ECh)
=
=
01EBh
08h
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Determine
Determine
Read
source addr source addr source reg
Decode
Determine
dest addr
Determine
dest addr
Write
to dest reg
Example:
MOVSS [05h], [06h]
Before Instruction
FSR2
=
=
=
80h
33h
11h
Contents
of 85h
Contents
of 86h
After Instruction
FSR2
=
=
=
80h
33h
33h
Contents
of 85h
Contents
of 86h
DS39663F-page 338
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
SUBFSR
Subtract Literal from FSR
SUBULNK
Subtract Literal from FSR2 and Return
Syntax:
SUBFSR f, k
0 ≤ k ≤ 63
Syntax:
SUBULNK k
Operands:
Operands:
Operation:
0 ≤ k ≤ 63
f ∈ [ 0, 1, 2 ]
FSRf – k → FSRf
None
FSR2 – k → FSR2,
(TOS) → PC
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Status Affected: None
1110
1001
ffkk
kkkk
Encoding:
1110
1001
11kk
kkkk
Description:
The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from
the contents of the FSR specified
by ‘f’.
Description:
The 6-bit literal ‘k’ is subtracted from the
contents of the FSR2. A RETURNis then
executed by loading the PC with the
TOS.
Words:
1
1
Cycles:
The instruction takes two cycles to
execute; a NOPis performed during the
second cycle.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
This may be thought of as a special case
of the SUBFSRinstruction, where f = 3
(binary ‘11’); it operates only on FSR2.
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Words:
1
2
Example:
SUBFSR 2, 23h
03FFh
Cycles:
Before Instruction
FSR2
After Instruction
FSR2
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
=
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
=
03DCh
No
No
No
No
Operation
Operation
Operation
Operation
Example:
SUBULNK 23h
Before Instruction
FSR2
PC
=
=
03FFh
0100h
After Instruction
FSR2
PC
=
=
03DCh
(TOS)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 339
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
25.2.3
BYTE-ORIENTED AND
BIT-ORIENTED INSTRUCTIONS IN
INDEXED LITERAL OFFSET MODE
25.2.3.1
Extended Instruction Syntax with
Standard PIC18 Commands
When the extended instruction set is enabled, the file
register argument ‘f’ in the standard byte-oriented and
bit-oriented commands is replaced with the literal offset
value ‘k’. As already noted, this occurs only when ‘f’ is
less than or equal to 5Fh. When an offset value is used,
it must be indicated by square brackets (“[ ]”). As with
the extended instructions, the use of brackets indicates
to the compiler that the value is to be interpreted as an
index or an offset. Omitting the brackets, or using a
value greater than 5Fh within the brackets, will
generate an error in the MPASM Assembler.
Note: Enabling the PIC18 instruction set exten-
sion may cause legacy applications to
behave erratically or fail entirely.
In addition to eight new commands in the extended set,
enabling the extended instruction set also enables
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing (Section 6.6.1
“Indexed Addressing with Literal Offset”). This has
a significant impact on the way that many commands of
the standard PIC18 instruction set are interpreted.
When the extended set is disabled, addresses embed-
ded in opcodes are treated as literal memory locations:
either as a location in the Access Bank (a = 0) or in a
GPR bank designated by the BSR (a = 1). When the
extended instruction set is enabled and a = 0, however,
a file register argument of 5Fh or less is interpreted as
an offset from the pointer value in FSR2 and not as a
literal address. For practical purposes, this means that
all instructions that use the Access RAM bit as an
argument – that is, all byte-oriented and bit-oriented
instructions, or almost half of the core PIC18 instruc-
tions – may behave differently when the extended
instruction set is enabled.
If the index argument is properly bracketed for Indexed
Literal Offset Addressing, the Access RAM argument is
never specified; it will automatically be assumed to be
‘0’. This is in contrast to standard operation (extended
instruction set disabled), when ‘a’ is set on the basis of
the target address. Declaring the Access RAM bit in
this mode will also generate an error in the MPASM
Assembler.
The destination argument ‘d’ functions as before.
In the latest versions of the MPASM Assembler,
language support for the extended instruction set must
be explicitly invoked. This is done with either the
command line option, /y, or the PE directive in the
source listing.
When the content of FSR2 is 00h, the boundaries of the
Access RAM are essentially remapped to their original
values. This may be useful in creating
backward-compatible code. If this technique is used, it
may be necessary to save the value of FSR2 and
restore it when moving back and forth between C and
assembly routines in order to preserve the Stack
Pointer. Users must also keep in mind the syntax
requirements of the extended instruction set (see
Section 25.2.3.1 “Extended Instruction Syntax with
Standard PIC18 Commands”).
25.2.4
CONSIDERATIONS WHEN
ENABLING THE EXTENDED
INSTRUCTION SET
It is important to note that the extensions to the instruc-
tion set may not be beneficial to all users. In particular,
users who are not writing code that uses a software
stack may not benefit from using the extensions to the
instruction set.
Although the Indexed Literal Offset mode can be very
useful for dynamic stack and pointer manipulation, it
can also be very annoying if a simple arithmetic opera-
tion is carried out on the wrong register. Users who are
accustomed to the PIC18 programming must keep in
mind that, when the extended instruction set is
enabled, register addresses of 5Fh or less are used for
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing.
Additionally, the Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
mode may create issues with legacy applications
written to the PIC18 assembler. This is because
instructions in the legacy code may attempt to address
registers in the Access Bank below 5Fh. Since these
addresses are interpreted as literal offsets to FSR2
when the instruction set extension is enabled, the
application may read or write to the wrong data
addresses.
Representative examples of typical byte-oriented and
bit-oriented instructions in the Indexed Literal Offset
mode are provided on the following page to show how
execution is affected. The operand conditions shown in
the examples are applicable to all instructions of these
types.
When porting an application to the PIC18F87J10
family, it is very important to consider the type of code.
A large, re-entrant application that is written in C and
would benefit from efficient compilation will do well
when using the instruction set extensions. Legacy
applications that heavily use the Access Bank will most
likely not benefit from using the extended instruction
set.
DS39663F-page 340
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
ADD W to Indexed
(Indexed Literal Offset mode)
Bit Set Indexed
BSF
ADDWF
(Indexed Literal Offset mode)
Syntax:
ADDWF
[k] {,d}
Syntax:
BSF [k], b
Operands:
0 ≤ k ≤ 95
d ∈ [0,1]
Operands:
0 ≤ f ≤ 95
0 ≤ b ≤ 7
Operation:
(W) + ((FSR2) + k) → dest
Operation:
1→ ((FSR2) + k)<b>
Status Affected:
Encoding:
N, OV, C, DC, Z
Status Affected:
Encoding:
None
0010
01d0
kkkk
kkkk
1000
bbb0
kkkk
kkkk
Description:
The contents of W are added to the
contents of the register indicated by
FSR2, offset by the value ‘k’.
Description:
Bit ‘b’ of the register indicated by FSR2,
offset by the value ‘k’, is set.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
If ‘d’ is ‘0’, the result is stored in W. If ‘d’
is ‘1’, the result is stored back in
register ‘f’.
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Decode
Read
register ‘f’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Example:
BSF
[FLAG_OFST], 7
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read ‘k’
Process
Data
Write to
destination
Before Instruction
FLAG_OFST
FSR2
=
=
0Ah
0A00h
Contents
of 0A0Ah
After Instruction
Example:
ADDWF
[OFST],0
=
55h
D5h
Before Instruction
W
OFST
FSR2
=
=
=
17h
Contents
of 0A0Ah
2Ch
=
0A00h
Contents
of 0A2Ch
=
20h
After Instruction
Set Indexed
(Indexed Literal Offset mode)
SETF
W
=
=
37h
20h
Contents
of 0A2Ch
Syntax:
SETF [k]
Operands:
Operation:
Status Affected:
Encoding:
Description:
0 ≤ k ≤ 95
FFh → ((FSR2) + k)
None
0110
1000
kkkk
kkkk
The contents of the register indicated by
FSR2, offset by ‘k’, are set to FFh.
Words:
Cycles:
1
1
Q Cycle Activity:
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Decode
Read ‘k’
Process
Data
Write
register
Example:
SETF
[OFST]
2Ch
Before Instruction
OFST
FSR2
=
=
0A00h
Contents
of 0A2Ch
=
00h
After Instruction
Contents
of 0A2Ch
=
FFh
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 341
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
To develop software for the extended instruction set,
the user must enable support for the instructions and
the Indexed Addressing mode in their language tool(s).
Depending on the environment being used, this may be
done in several ways:
25.2.5
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS WITH
MICROCHIP MPLAB® IDE TOOLS
The latest versions of Microchip’s software tools have
been designed to fully support the extended instruction
set for the PIC18F87J10 family. This includes the
MPLAB C18 C Compiler, MPASM assembly language
and MPLAB Integrated Development Environment
(IDE).
• A menu option or dialog box within the
environment that allows the user to configure the
language tool and its settings for the project
• A command line option
When selecting
a
target device for software
• A directive in the source code
development, MPLAB IDE will automatically set default
Configuration bits for that device. The default setting for
the XINST Configuration bit is ‘0’, disabling the
extended instruction set and Indexed Literal Offset
Addressing. For proper execution of applications
developed to take advantage of the extended instruc-
tion set, XINST must be set during programming.
These options vary between different compilers,
assemblers and development environments. Users are
encouraged to review the documentation accompany-
ing their development systems for the appropriate
information.
DS39663F-page 342
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
26.1 MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software
26.0 DEVELOPMENT SUPPORT
The PIC® microcontrollers are supported with a full
range of hardware and software development tools:
The MPLAB IDE software brings an ease of software
development previously unseen in the 8/16-bit micro-
controller market. The MPLAB IDE is a Windows®
operating system-based application that contains:
• Integrated Development Environment
- MPLAB® IDE Software
• Assemblers/Compilers/Linkers
- MPASMTM Assembler
• A single graphical interface to all debugging tools
- Simulator
- MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 C Compilers
- MPLINKTM Object Linker/
MPLIBTM Object Librarian
- Programmer (sold separately)
- Emulator (sold separately)
- In-Circuit Debugger (sold separately)
• A full-featured editor with color-coded context
• A multiple project manager
- MPLAB ASM30 Assembler/Linker/Library
• Simulators
- MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
• Emulators
• Customizable data windows with direct edit of
contents
- MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator
- MPLAB REAL ICE™ In-Circuit Emulator
• In-Circuit Debugger
• High-level source code debugging
• Visual device initializer for easy register
initialization
- MPLAB ICD 2
• Mouse over variable inspection
• Device Programmers
• Drag and drop variables from source to watch
windows
- PICSTART® Plus Development Programmer
- MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
- PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer
• Extensive on-line help
• Integration of select third party tools, such as
HI-TECH Software C Compilers and IAR
C Compilers
• Low-Cost Demonstration and Development
Boards and Evaluation Kits
The MPLAB IDE allows you to:
• Edit your source files (either assembly or C)
• One touch assemble (or compile) and download
to PIC MCU emulator and simulator tools
(automatically updates all project information)
• Debug using:
- Source files (assembly or C)
- Mixed assembly and C
- Machine code
MPLAB IDE supports multiple debugging tools in a
single development paradigm, from the cost-effective
simulators, through low-cost in-circuit debuggers, to
full-featured emulators. This eliminates the learning
curve when upgrading to tools with increased flexibility
and power.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 343
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
26.2 MPASM Assembler
26.5 MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker
and Librarian
The MPASM Assembler is a full-featured, universal
macro assembler for all PIC MCUs.
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler produces relocatable
machine code from symbolic assembly language for
dsPIC30F devices. MPLAB C30 C Compiler uses the
assembler to produce its object file. The assembler
generates relocatable object files that can then be
archived or linked with other relocatable object files and
archives to create an executable file. Notable features
of the assembler include:
The MPASM Assembler generates relocatable object
files for the MPLINK Object Linker, Intel® standard HEX
files, MAP files to detail memory usage and symbol
reference, absolute LST files that contain source lines
and generated machine code and COFF files for
debugging.
The MPASM Assembler features include:
• Integration into MPLAB IDE projects
• Support for the entire dsPIC30F instruction set
• Support for fixed-point and floating-point data
• Command line interface
• User-defined macros to streamline
assembly code
• Rich directive set
• Conditional assembly for multi-purpose
source files
• Flexible macro language
• MPLAB IDE compatibility
• Directives that allow complete control over the
assembly process
26.6 MPLAB SIM Software Simulator
26.3 MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30
C Compilers
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator allows code
development in a PC-hosted environment by simulat-
ing the PIC MCUs and dsPIC® DSCs on an instruction
level. On any given instruction, the data areas can be
examined or modified and stimuli can be applied from
a comprehensive stimulus controller. Registers can be
logged to files for further run-time analysis. The trace
buffer and logic analyzer display extend the power of
the simulator to record and track program execution,
actions on I/O, most peripherals and internal registers.
The MPLAB C18 and MPLAB C30 Code Development
Systems are complete ANSI
C
compilers for
Microchip’s PIC18 and PIC24 families of microcon-
trollers and the dsPIC30 and dsPIC33 family of digital
signal controllers. These compilers provide powerful
integration capabilities, superior code optimization and
ease of use not found with other compilers.
For easy source level debugging, the compilers provide
symbol information that is optimized to the MPLAB IDE
debugger.
The MPLAB SIM Software Simulator fully supports
symbolic debugging using the MPLAB C18 and
MPLAB C30 C Compilers, and the MPASM and
MPLAB ASM30 Assemblers. The software simulator
offers the flexibility to develop and debug code outside
of the hardware laboratory environment, making it an
excellent, economical software development tool.
26.4 MPLINK Object Linker/
MPLIB Object Librarian
The MPLINK Object Linker combines relocatable
objects created by the MPASM Assembler and the
MPLAB C18 C Compiler. It can link relocatable objects
from precompiled libraries, using directives from a
linker script.
The MPLIB Object Librarian manages the creation and
modification of library files of precompiled code. When
a routine from a library is called from a source file, only
the modules that contain that routine will be linked in
with the application. This allows large libraries to be
used efficiently in many different applications.
The object linker/library features include:
• Efficient linking of single libraries instead of many
smaller files
• Enhanced code maintainability by grouping
related modules together
• Flexible creation of libraries with easy module
listing, replacement, deletion and extraction
DS39663F-page 344
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
26.7 MPLAB ICE 2000
High-Performance
26.9 MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger
Microchip’s In-Circuit Debugger, MPLAB ICD 2, is a
powerful, low-cost, run-time development tool,
connecting to the host PC via an RS-232 or high-speed
USB interface. This tool is based on the Flash PIC
MCUs and can be used to develop for these and other
PIC MCUs and dsPIC DSCs. The MPLAB ICD 2 utilizes
the in-circuit debugging capability built into the Flash
devices. This feature, along with Microchip’s In-Circuit
Serial ProgrammingTM (ICSPTM) protocol, offers cost-
effective, in-circuit Flash debugging from the graphical
user interface of the MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment. This enables a designer to develop and
debug source code by setting breakpoints, single step-
ping and watching variables, and CPU status and
peripheral registers. Running at full speed enables
testing hardware and applications in real time. MPLAB
ICD 2 also serves as a development programmer for
selected PIC devices.
In-Circuit Emulator
The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator is intended
to provide the product development engineer with a
complete microcontroller design tool set for PIC
microcontrollers. Software control of the MPLAB ICE
2000 In-Circuit Emulator is advanced by the MPLAB
Integrated Development Environment, which allows
editing, building, downloading and source debugging
from a single environment.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 is a full-featured emulator
system with enhanced trace, trigger and data monitor-
ing features. Interchangeable processor modules allow
the system to be easily reconfigured for emulation of
different processors. The architecture of the MPLAB
ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator allows expansion to
support new PIC microcontrollers.
The MPLAB ICE 2000 In-Circuit Emulator system has
been designed as a real-time emulation system with
advanced features that are typically found on more
expensive development tools. The PC platform and
Microsoft® Windows® 32-bit operating system were
chosen to best make these features available in a
simple, unified application.
26.10 MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer
The MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer is a universal,
CE compliant device programmer with programmable
voltage verification at VDDMIN and VDDMAX for
maximum reliability. It features a large LCD display
(128 x 64) for menus and error messages and a modu-
lar, detachable socket assembly to support various
package types. The ICSP™ cable assembly is included
as a standard item. In Stand-Alone mode, the MPLAB
PM3 Device Programmer can read, verify and program
PIC devices without a PC connection. It can also set
code protection in this mode. The MPLAB PM3
connects to the host PC via an RS-232 or USB cable.
The MPLAB PM3 has high-speed communications and
optimized algorithms for quick programming of large
memory devices and incorporates an SD/MMC card for
file storage and secure data applications.
26.8 MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit
Emulator System
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System is
Microchip’s next generation high-speed emulator for
Microchip Flash DSC and MCU devices. It debugs and
programs PIC® Flash MCUs and dsPIC® Flash DSCs
with the easy-to-use, powerful graphical user interface of
the MPLAB Integrated Development Environment (IDE),
included with each kit.
The MPLAB REAL ICE probe is connected to the design
engineer’s PC using a high-speed USB 2.0 interface and
is connected to the target with either a connector
compatible with the popular MPLAB ICD 2 system
(RJ11) or with the new high-speed, noise tolerant, Low-
Voltage Differential Signal (LVDS) interconnection
(CAT5).
MPLAB REAL ICE is field upgradeable through future
firmware downloads in MPLAB IDE. In upcoming
releases of MPLAB IDE, new devices will be supported,
and new features will be added, such as software break-
points and assembly code trace. MPLAB REAL ICE
offers significant advantages over competitive emulators
including low-cost, full-speed emulation, real-time
variable watches, trace analysis, complex breakpoints, a
ruggedized probe interface and long (up to three meters)
interconnection cables.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 345
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
26.11 PICSTART Plus Development
Programmer
26.13 Demonstration, Development and
Evaluation Boards
The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is an
easy-to-use, low-cost, prototype programmer. It
connects to the PC via a COM (RS-232) port. MPLAB
Integrated Development Environment software makes
using the programmer simple and efficient. The
PICSTART Plus Development Programmer supports
most PIC devices in DIP packages up to 40 pins.
Larger pin count devices, such as the PIC16C92X and
PIC17C76X, may be supported with an adapter socket.
The PICSTART Plus Development Programmer is CE
compliant.
A wide variety of demonstration, development and
evaluation boards for various PIC MCUs and dsPIC
DSCs allows quick application development on fully func-
tional systems. Most boards include prototyping areas for
adding custom circuitry and provide application firmware
and source code for examination and modification.
The boards support a variety of features, including LEDs,
temperature sensors, switches, speakers, RS-232
interfaces, LCD displays, potentiometers and additional
EEPROM memory.
The demonstration and development boards can be
used in teaching environments, for prototyping custom
circuits and for learning about various microcontroller
applications.
26.12 PICkit 2 Development Programmer
The PICkit™ 2 Development Programmer is a low-cost
programmer and selected Flash device debugger with
an easy-to-use interface for programming many of
Microchip’s baseline, mid-range and PIC18F families of
Flash memory microcontrollers. The PICkit 2 Starter Kit
includes a prototyping development board, twelve
sequential lessons, software and HI-TECH’s PICC™
Lite C compiler, and is designed to help get up to speed
quickly using PIC® microcontrollers. The kit provides
everything needed to program, evaluate and develop
applications using Microchip’s powerful, mid-range
Flash memory family of microcontrollers.
In addition to the PICDEM™ and dsPICDEM™ demon-
stration/development board series of circuits, Microchip
has a line of evaluation kits and demonstration software
®
for analog filter design, KEELOQ security ICs, CAN,
IrDA®, PowerSmart battery management, SEEVAL®
evaluation system, Sigma-Delta ADC, flow rate
sensing, plus many more.
Check the Microchip web page (www.microchip.com)
for the complete list of demonstration, development
and evaluation kits.
DS39663F-page 346
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.0 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(†)
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Ambient temperature under bias.............................................................................................................-40°C to +125°C
Storage temperature .............................................................................................................................. -65°C to +150°C
Voltage on any digital only I/O pin or MCLR with respect to VSS (except VDD) ........................................... -0.3V to 6.0V
Voltage on any combined digital and analog pin with respect to VSS (except VDD)........................ -0.3V to (VDD + 0.3V)
Voltage on VDDCORE with respect to VSS................................................................................................... -0.3V to 2.75V
Voltage on VDD with respect to VSS ........................................................................................................... -0.3V to 3.6V
Total power dissipation (Note 1) ...............................................................................................................................1.0W
Maximum current out of VSS pin ...........................................................................................................................300 mA
Maximum current into VDD pin ..............................................................................................................................250 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any PORTB and PORTC I/O pin........................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ I/O pin............................................................8 mA
Maximum output current sunk by any PORTA, PORTF, PORTG and PORTH I/O pin .............................................4 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any PORTB and PORTC I/O pin ..................................................................25 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any PORTD, PORTE and PORTJ I/O pin.......................................................8 mA
Maximum output current sourced by any PORTA, PORTF, PORTG and PORTH I/O pin ........................................4 mA
Maximum current sunk by all ports .......................................................................................................................200 mA
Maximum current sourced by all ports ..................................................................................................................200 mA
Note 1: Power dissipation is calculated as follows:
Pdis = VDD x {IDD – ∑ IOH} + ∑ {(VDD – VOH) x IOH} + ∑(VOL x IOL)
† NOTICE: Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the
device. This is a stress rating only and functional operation of the device at those or any other conditions above those
indicated in the operation listings of this specification is not implied. Exposure to maximum rating conditions for
extended periods may affect device reliability.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 347
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-1:
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH,
REGULATOR DISABLED (INDUSTRIAL)
3.00V
2.75V
2.50V
2.7V
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15/8XJ10/8XJ15
2.35V
2.25V
2.00V
4 MHz
40 MHz
Frequency
For VDDCORE values, 2V to 2.35V, FMAX = (102.85 MHz/V) * (VDDCORE – 2V) + 4 MHz
Note 1: For devices without the voltage regulator, VDD and VDDCORE must be maintained so
that VDDCORE ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V.
DS39663F-page 348
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-2:
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY VOLTAGE-FREQUENCY GRAPH,
REGULATOR ENABLED (INDUSTRIAL)
4.0V
3.5V
3.6V
2.7V
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15/8XJ10/8XJ15
3.0V
2.5V
40 MHz
4 MHz
Frequency
• FMAX = 25 MHz in 8-bit External Memory mode.
• FMAX = 40 MHz in all other modes for VDD > 2.35V.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 349
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.1 DC Characteristics: Supply Voltage, PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial)
Param
Symbol
No.
Characteristic
Supply Voltage
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
ENVREG = 0
D001
VDD
VDDCORE
—
—
3.6
3.6
V
V
2.7
ENVREG = 1
D001B
VDDCORE External Supply for
2.0
—
2.7
V
ENVREG = 0
Microcontroller Core
D001C
D001D
D002
AVDD
AVSS
VDR
Analog Supply Voltage
Analog Ground Voltage
VDD – 0.3
VSS – 0.3
1.5
—
—
—
VDD + 0.3
VSS + 0.3
—
V
V
V
RAM Data Retention
Voltage(1)
D003
D004
D005
VPOR
SVDD
VBOR
VDD Start Voltage
to ensure Internal
Power-on Reset Signal
—
—
—
0.15
—
V
See Section 5.3 “Power-on
Reset (POR)” for details
VDD Rise Rate
to Ensure Internal
Power-on Reset Signal
0.05
2.35
V/ms See Section 5.3 “Power-on
Reset (POR)” for details
Brown-out Reset (BOR)
Voltage
2.5
2.7
V
Note 1: This is the limit to which VDD can be lowered in Sleep mode, or during a device Reset, without losing RAM
data.
DS39663F-page 350
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial)
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Param
No.
Device
Power-Down Current (IPD)
Typ
Max Units
Conditions
(1)
All devices
All devices
All devices
27
43
69
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
(5)
VDD = 2.0V
69
(Sleep mode)
121
49
149
104
104
184
203
203
289
(5)
VDD = 2.5V
69
(Sleep mode)
166
75
(6)
VDD = 3.3V
100
140
(Sleep mode)
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 351
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial)
Param
No.
Device
Supply Current (IDD)
Typ
Max Units
Conditions
(2,3)
All devices 1.8
3.27
3.27
mA
mA
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
1.8
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
1.9
3.27
5.57
5.57
5.57
5.97
5.97
5.97
3.27
3.27
3.27
5.57
5.57
5.57
5.97
5.97
5.97
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
All devices 4.0
FOSC = 31 kHz
(RC_RUN mode,
internal oscillator source)
3.7
3.5
All devices 4.0
3.8
3.7
All devices 1.8
1.8
1.9
All devices 4.0
FOSC = 31 kHz
(RC_IDLE mode,
internal oscillator source)
3.7
3.5
All devices 4.0
3.8
3.7
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
DS39663F-page 352
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial)
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Param
No.
Device
Supply Current (IDD)
Typ Max Units
Conditions
(2,3)
All devices 1.8
3.27
3.27
3.27
5.57
5.57
5.57
5.97
5.97
5.97
4.47
4.47
4.47
6.97
6.97
6.97
7.47
7.47
7.47
18.7
18.7
18.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
-40°C
(5)
1.8
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
1.9
All devices 4.0
FOSC = 1 MHZ
(PRI_RUN mode,
EC oscillator)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
3.7
3.5
All devices 4.0
3.8
3.7
All devices 2.4
2.4
2.5
All devices 4.7
FOSC = 4 MHz
(PRI_RUN mode,
EC oscillator)
4.4
4.3
All devices 5.1
4.9
4.7
All devices 13.4
13.0
FOSC = 40 MHZ
(PRI_RUN mode,
EC oscillator)
13.0
All devices 14.5
14.4
14.5
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 353
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial)
Param
No.
Device
Supply Current (IDD)
Typ
Max Units
Conditions
(2)
All devices 7.2
12.1
12.1
mA
mA
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
FOSC = 4 MHZ,
16 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
6.8
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
6.9
12.1
13.1
13.1
13.1
18.7
18.7
18.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
All devices 7.6
FOSC = 4 MHZ,
16 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)
7.5
7.3
All devices 10.9
FOSC = 10 MHZ,
40 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)
10.6
10.3
All devices 11.9
11.8
FOSC = 10 MHZ,
40 MHz internal
(PRI_RUN HSPLL mode)
11.7
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
DS39663F-page 354
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial)
Operating temperature
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Param
No.
Device
Supply Current (IDD)
Typ Max Units
Conditions
(2,3)
All devices 1.8
3.27
3.27
3.27
5.57
5.57
5.57
5.97
5.97
5.97
4.47
4.47
4.47
6.97
6.97
6.97
7.47
7.47
7.47
18.7
18.7
18.7
19.7
19.7
19.7
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
-40°C
(5)
1.8
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
-40°C
+25°C
+85°C
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
1.9
All devices 4.0
FOSC = 1 MHz
(PRI_IDLE mode,
EC oscillator)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(6)
3.7
3.5
All devices 4.2
4.0
3.8
All devices 2.4
2.4
2.5
All devices 4.7
FOSC = 4 MHz
(PRI_IDLE mode,
EC oscillator)
4.4
4.8
All devices 5.1
4.9
4.8
All devices 13.4
13.0
FOSC = 40 MHz
(PRI_IDLE mode,
EC oscillator)
13.0
All devices 14.8
14.4
14.5
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 355
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
(Industrial)
Param
No.
Device
Supply Current (IDD)
Typ
Max Units
Conditions
(2,3)
All devices 1.8
3.27
3.27
mA
mA
-10°C
+25°C
+70°C
-10°C
+25°C
+70°C
-10°C
+25°C
+70°C
-10°C
+25°C
+70°C
-10°C
+25°C
+70°C
-10°C
+25°C
+70°C
(5)
(5)
(6)
(5)
(5)
(6)
1.8
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
1.9
3.27
5.57
5.57
5.57
5.97
5.97
5.97
3.27
3.27
3.27
5.57
5.57
5.57
5.97
5.97
5.97
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
mA
All devices 4.0
(4)
FOSC = 32 kHz
3.7
(SEC_RUN mode,
Timer1 as clock)
3.5
All devices 4.2
4.0
3.8
All devices 1.8
1.8
1.9
All devices 4.0
(4)
FOSC = 32 kHz
3.7
(SEC_IDLE mode,
Timer1 as clock)
3.5
All devices 4.2
4.0
3.8
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
DS39663F-page 356
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.2 DC Characteristics: Power-Down and Supply Current
PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
PIC18F87J10 Family
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
(Industrial)
Operating temperature
Typ Max Units
Module Differential Currents (ΔIWDT, ΔIOSCB, ΔIAD)
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
Param
No.
Device
Conditions
D022
Watchdog Timer 1.9
4.5
5.1
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
μA
-40°C
(ΔIWDT)
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
1.9
+25°C
+85°C
1.3
5.1
2.7
5.4
-40°C
2.75
6.0
+25°C
1.7
6.0
+85°C
1.3
10.5
10.5
10.5
18.5
19.1
19.1
18.5
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
19.1
10.9
11.4
11.9
-40°C
2.1
+25°C
2.0
+85°C
D025
(ΔIOSCB)
Timer1 Oscillator 8.1
-40°C
(3)
(3)
(3)
32 kHz on Timer1
32 kHz on Timer1
32 kHz on Timer1
10.8
+25°C
13.9
+85°C
8.2
-40°C
11.0
+25°C
13.9
+85°C
7.9
-40°C
10.7
+25°C
13.5
+85°C
A/D Converter 1.2
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
-40°C to +85°C
VDD = 2.0V
VDD = 2.5V
VDD = 3.3V
D026
A/D on, not converting
(ΔIAD)
1.2
1.2
Note 1: The power-down current in Sleep mode does not depend on the oscillator type. Power-down current is measured with
the part in Sleep mode, with all I/O pins in high-impedance state and tied to VDD or VSS, and all features that add delta
current disabled (such as WDT, Timer1 oscillator, BOR, etc.).
2: The supply current is mainly a function of operating voltage, frequency and mode. Other factors, such as I/O pin loading
and switching rate, oscillator type and circuit, internal code execution pattern and temperature, also have an impact on
the current consumption.
The test conditions for all IDD measurements in active operation mode are:
OSC1 = external square wave, from rail-to-rail; all I/O pins tri-stated, pulled to VDD;
MCLR = VDD; WDT enabled/disabled as specified.
3: For RC oscillator configurations, current through REXT is not included. The current through the resistor can be estimated
by the formula Ir = VDD/2REXT (mA) with REXT in kΩ.
4: Standard, low-cost 32 kHz crystals have an operating temperature range of -10°C to +70°C. Extended temperature
crystals are available at a much higher cost.
5: ENVREG tied to VSS, voltage regulator disabled.
6: ENVREG tied to VDD, voltage regulator enabled.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 357
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.3 DC Characteristics: PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param
Symbol
No.
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
VIL
Input Low Voltage
All I/O Ports:
with TTL buffer
D030
VSS
—
0.15 VDD
0.8
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
VDD < 3.3V
D030A
D031
3.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V
with Schmitt Trigger Buffer
RC3 and RC4
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
VSS
0.2 VDD
0.3 VDD
0.8
D031A
D031B
D032
I2C™ enabled
SMBus enabled
MCLR
OSC1
OSC1
0.2 VDD
0.3 VDD
0.2 VDD
D033
HS, HSPLL modes
EC, ECPLL modes(1)
D033A
D034
T1CKI
VSS
0.3
V
VIH
Input High Voltage
I/O Ports with non 5.5V
Tolerance:(4)
D040
D040A
D041
with TTL Buffer
0.25 VDD + 0.8V
2.0
VDD
VDD
VDD
V
V
V
VDD < 3.3V
3.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V
with Schmitt Trigger Buffer
0.8 VDD
I/O Ports with 5.5V
Tolerance:(4)
D041A
D041B
Dxxx
RC3 and RC4
0.7 VDD
2.1
VDD
VDD
5.5
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
I2C enabled
SMBus enabled
VDD < 3.3V
with TTL Buffer
0.25 VDD + 0.8V
2.0
DxxxA
Dxxx
5.5
3.3V ≤ VDD ≤ 3.6V
with Schmitt Trigger Buffer
0.8 VDD
0.8 VDD
0.7 VDD
0.8 VDD
5.5
D042
MCLR
OSC1
OSC1
VDD
VDD
VDD
D043
HS, HSPLL modes
EC, ECPLL modes
D043A
D044
T1CKI
1.6
VDD
V
IIL
Input Leakage Current(2,3)
D060
I/O Ports with non 5.5V
Tolerance:(4)
—
—
±1
±1
μA VSS ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD,
Pin at high-impedance
D060A
I/O Ports with 5.5V
Tolerance:(4)
μA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ 5.5V.
Pin at high-impedance
D061
D063
MCLR
OSC1
—
—
±1
±5
μA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD
μA Vss ≤ VPIN ≤ VDD
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC® device be driven with an external clock while in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified
levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input
voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
4: Refer to Table 11-2 for the pins that have corresponding tolerance limits.
DS39663F-page 358
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.3 DC Characteristics: PIC18F87J10 Family (Industrial) (Continued)
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param
Symbol
No.
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
IPU
Weak Pull-up Current
D070
D080
IPURB
VOL
PORTB Weak Pull-up Current
Output Low Voltage
30
240
μA VDD = 3.3V, VPIN = VSS
I/O Ports (PORTB, PORTC)
—
—
0.4
0.4
V
V
IOL = 8.5 mA, VDD 3.3V
IOL = 3.4 mA, VDD 3.3V
I/O Ports (PORTD, PORTE,
PORTJ)
I/O Ports (PORTA, PORTF,
PORTG, PORTH)
—
—
0.4
0.4
V
V
IOL = 3.4 mA, VDD 3.3V
IOL = 1.0 mA, VDD 3.3V
D083
D090
OSC2/CLKO
(EC, ECIO modes)
Output High Voltage(3)
VOH
I/O Ports (PORTB, PORTC)
2.4
2.4
—
—
V
V
IOL = -6 mA, VDD 3.3V
IOL = -2 mA, VDD 3.3V
I/O Ports (PORTD, PORTE,
PORTJ)
I/O Ports (PORTA, PORTF,
PORTG, PORTH)
2.4
2.4
—
—
V
V
IOL = -2 mA, VDD 3.3V
IOL = 1 mA, VDD 3.3V
D092
OSC2/CLKO
(EC, ECIO modes)
Capacitive Loading Specs
on Output Pins
D100(4) COSC2 OSC2 Pin
15
pF In HS mode when
external clock is used to drive
OSC1
—
D101
D102
CIO
CB
All I/O Pins
—
—
50
pF To meet the AC Timing
Specifications
pF I2C™ Specification
SCLx, SDAx
400
Note 1: In RC oscillator configuration, the OSC1/CLKI pin is a Schmitt Trigger input. It is not recommended that the
PIC® device be driven with an external clock while in RC mode.
2: The leakage current on the MCLR pin is strongly dependent on the applied voltage level. The specified
levels represent normal operating conditions. Higher leakage current may be measured at different input
voltages.
3: Negative current is defined as current sourced by the pin.
4: Refer to Table 11-2 for the pins that have corresponding tolerance limits.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 359
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-1: MEMORY PROGRAMMING REQUIREMENTS
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature -40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
DC CHARACTERISTICS
Param
Sym
No.
Characteristic
Min
Typ†
Max
Units
Conditions
Program Flash Memory
Cell Endurance
D130
D131
EP
100
1K
—
—
E/W -40°C to +85°C
VPR
VDD for Read
VMIN
3.6
V
VMIN = Minimum operating
voltage
D132 VPEW Voltage for Self-Timed Erase or
Write
VDD
2.35
2.25
—
—
—
3.6
2.7
—
V
V
ENVREG = 0
ENVREG = 1
VDDCORE
D133A TIW
D133B TIE
Self-Timed Write Cycle Time
2.8
33.0
ms
ms
Self-Timed Page Erase Cycle
Time
—
—
D134 TRETD Characteristic Retention
20
—
—
—
10
—
—
—
1
Year Provided no other
specifications are violated
D135
D140
IDDP
Supply Current during
Programming
mA
TWE
Writes per Erase Cycle
For each physical address
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 3.3V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
DS39663F-page 360
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-2: COMPARATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
Param
No.
Sym
Characteristics
Input Offset Voltage
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Comments
D300
VIOFF
—
0
±5.0
—
±25
VDD – 1.5
—
mV
V
D301
D302
D303
D304
VICM
Input Common Mode Voltage
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
Response Time(1)
CMRR
TRESP
55
—
—
—
dB
ns
μs
150
—
400
TMC2OV Comparator Mode Change to
Output Valid
10
D305
VIRV
Internal Reference Voltage
—
1.2
—
V
Note 1: Response time measured with one comparator input at (VDD – 1.5)/2, while the other input transitions
from VSS to VDD.
TABLE 27-3: VOLTAGE REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: 3.0V < VDD < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
Param
No.
Sym
Characteristics
Resolution
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Comments
D310
VRES
VDD/24
—
—
—
2k
—
VDD/32
1/2
LSb
LSb
Ω
D311
D312
D313
VRAA
VRUR
TSET
Absolute Accuracy
Unit Resistor Value (R)
Settling Time(1)
—
—
—
10
μs
Note 1: Settling time measured while CVRR = 1and CVR<3:0> transitions from ‘0000’ to ‘1111’.
TABLE 27-4: INTERNAL VOLTAGE REGULATOR SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Conditions: -40°C < TA < +85°C (unless otherwise stated)
Param
No.
Sym
Characteristics
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Comments
VRGOUT Regulator Output Voltage
External Filter Capacitor Value
—
2.5
10
—
—
V
CEFC
4.7
μF
Capacitor must be low
series resistance
(<5 Ohms)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 361
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.4 AC (Timing) Characteristics
27.4.1
TIMING PARAMETER SYMBOLOGY
The timing parameter symbols have been created
following one of the following formats:
1. TppS2ppS
2. TppS
T
3. TCC:ST
4. Ts
(I2C specifications only)
(I2C specifications only)
F
Frequency
T
Time
Lowercase letters (pp) and their meanings:
pp
cc
ck
cs
di
CCP1
CLKO
CS
osc
rd
OSC1
RD
rw
sc
ss
t0
RD or WR
SCK
SDI
do
dt
SDO
SS
Data in
I/O port
MCLR
T0CKI
T13CKI
WR
io
t1
mc
wr
Uppercase letters and their meanings:
S
F
Fall
P
R
V
Z
Period
H
High
Rise
I
L
Invalid (High-impedance)
Low
Valid
High-impedance
I2C only
AA
output access
Bus free
High
Low
High
Low
BUF
TCC:ST (I2C specifications only)
CC
HD
Hold
SU
Setup
ST
DAT
STA
DATA input hold
Start condition
STO
Stop condition
DS39663F-page 362
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.4.2
TIMING CONDITIONS
The temperature and voltages specified in Table 27-5
apply to all timing specifications unless otherwise
noted. Figure 27-3 specifies the load conditions for the
timing specifications.
TABLE 27-5: TEMPERATURE AND VOLTAGE SPECIFICATIONS – AC
Standard Operating Conditions (unless otherwise stated)
Operating temperature
Operating voltage VDD range as described in DC spec Section 27.1 and
-40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C for industrial
AC CHARACTERISTICS
Section 27.3.
FIGURE 27-3:
LOAD CONDITIONS FOR DEVICE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS
Load Condition 1 Load Condition 2
VDD/2
CL
RL
Pin
VSS
CL
Pin
RL = 464Ω
CL = 50 pF for all pins except OSC2/CLKO
and including D and E outputs as ports
VSS
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 363
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
27.4.3
TIMING DIAGRAMS AND SPECIFICATIONS
FIGURE 27-4:
EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING (ALL MODES EXCEPT PLL)
Q4
Q1
1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
OSC1
CLKO
3
4
3
4
2
TABLE 27-6: EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
No.
1A
FOSC
External CLKI Frequency(1)
DC
DC
DC
4
25
40
10
25
10
—
MHz HS Oscillator mode
MHz EC Oscillator mode
MHz HSPLL, ECPLL Oscillator modes
MHz HS Oscillator mode
Oscillator Frequency(1)
External CLKI Period(1)
4
MHz HS/EC + PLL Oscillator mode
1
TOSC
TCY
40
25
40
100
100
10
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
HS Oscillator mode
—
EC Oscillator mode
Oscillator Period(1)
250
250
—
HS Oscillator mode
HS/EC + PLL Oscillator mode
TCY = 4/FOSC, Industrial
HS Oscillator mode
2
3
Instruction Cycle Time(1)
TOSL,
TOSH
External Clock in (OSC1)
High or Low Time
—
4
TOSR,
TOSF
External Clock in (OSC1)
Rise or Fall Time
—
7.5
ns
HS Oscillator mode
Note 1: Instruction cycle period (TCY) equals four times the input oscillator time base period for all configurations
except PLL. All specified values are based on characterization data for that particular oscillator type under
standard operating conditions with the device executing code. Exceeding these specified limits may result
in an unstable oscillator operation and/or higher than expected current consumption. All devices are tested
to operate at “min.” values with an external clock applied to the OSC1/CLKI pin. When an external clock
input is used, the “max.” cycle time limit is “DC” (no clock) for all devices.
DS39663F-page 364
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-7: PLL CLOCK TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (VDD = 2.7V TO 3.6V)
Param
No.
Sym
Characteristic
Min
Typ†
Max
Units Conditions
F10
F11
F12
F13
FOSC Oscillator Frequency Range
4
—
—
—
—
10
40
2
MHz
MHz
ms
FSYS On-Chip VCO System Frequency
16
—
-2
trc
PLL Start-up Time (Lock Time)
ΔCLK CLKO Stability (Jitter)
+2
%
†
Data in “Typ” column is at 5V, 25°C, unless otherwise stated. These parameters are for design guidance
only and are not tested.
TABLE 27-8: AC CHARACTERISTICS: INTERNAL RC ACCURACY
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (INDUSTRIAL)
Param
No.
Characteristic
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
INTRC Accuracy @ Freq = 31 kHz(1) 21.88
—
40.63
kHz -40°C to +85°C, VDD = 2.0-3.3V
Note 1: INTRC frequency after calibration. Change of INTRC frequency as VDD changes.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 365
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-5:
CLKO AND I/O TIMING
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
OSC1
11
10
CLKO
13
14
12
19
18
16
I/O pin
(Input)
15
17
I/O pin
(Output)
New Value
Old Value
20, 21
Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
Note:
TABLE 27-9: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Typ
Max
Units Conditions
No.
10
TOSH2CKL OSC1 ↑ to CLKO ↓
TOSH2CKH OSC1 ↑ to CLKO ↑
—
75
75
15
15
—
—
—
50
—
—
—
200
200
30
ns (Note 1)
ns (Note 1)
ns (Note 1)
ns (Note 1)
11
—
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
18A
19
TCKR
TCKF
CLKO Rise Time
CLKO Fall Time
—
—
30
TCKL2IOV CLKO ↓ to Port Out Valid
TIOV2CKH Port In Valid before CLKO ↑
TCKH2IOI Port In Hold after CLKO ↑
TOSH2IOV OSC1 ↑ (Q1 cycle) to Port Out Valid
—
0.5 TCY + 20 ns
0.25 TCY + 25
—
—
ns
0
—
ns
150
—
ns
TOSH2IOI OSC1 ↑ (Q2 cycle) to Port Input Invalid
100
200
0
ns
(I/O in hold time)
—
ns VDD = 2.0V
ns
TIOV2OSH Port Input Valid to OSC1 ↑
—
(I/O in setup time)
20
TIOR
TIOF
Port Output Rise Time
Port Output Fall Time
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
ns
—
ns
—
ns
ns
20A
21
—
5
—
21A
22†
23†
—
—
—
—
TINP
INTx Pin High or Low Time
TCY
TCY
TRBP
RB<7:4> Change INTx High or Low Time
Legend: TBD = To Be Determined
These parameters are asynchronous events not related to any internal clock edges.
†
Note 1: Measurements are taken in RC mode, where CLKO output is 4 x TOSC.
DS39663F-page 366
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-6:
PROGRAM MEMORY FETCH TIMING DIAGRAM (8-BIT)
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
OSC1
Address
Address
A<19:8>
167
166
150
151
161
Data
AD<7:0>
Data
Address
Address
162
153
162A
154
163
170
155
BA0
ALE
170A
168
CE
OE
TABLE 27-7: PROGRAM MEMORY FETCH TIMING REQUIREMENTS (8-BIT)
Param
Symbol
Characteristics
Min
Typ
Max
Units
No
150
TadV2aIL Address Out Valid to ALE ↓ (address setup time)
0.25 TCY – 10
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
151
153
154
155
161
162
TaIL2adl
BA01
ALE ↓ to Address Out Invalid (address hold time)
BA0 ↑ to Most Significant Data Valid
0.125 TCY
0.125 TCY
0.125 TCY
0.125 TCY – 5
20
BA02
BA0 ↓ to Least Significant Data Valid
TaIL2oeL ALE ↓ to OE ↓
ToeH2adD OE ↑ to A/D Driven
TadV2oeH Least Significant Data Valid Before OE ↑
(data setup time
162A TadV2oeH Most Significant Data Valid Before OE ↑
0.25 TCY + 20
—
—
ns
(data setup time)
163
166
167
168
170
ToeH2adI OE ↑ to Data in Invalid (data Hold Time)
TaIH2aIH ALE ↑ to ALE ↑ (cycle time)
0
—
—
TCY
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
TACC
Toe
Address Valid to Data Valid
0.5 TCY – 10
—
OE ↓ to Data Valid
—
0.125 TCY + 5 ns
TubH2oeH BA0 = 0Valid Before OE ↑
0.25 TCY
0.5 TCY
—
—
—
ns
ns
170A TubL2oeH BA0 = 1Valid Before OE ↑
—
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 367
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-8:
PROGRAM MEMORY READ TIMING DIAGRAM
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
OSC1
A<19:16>
BA0
Address
Address
Address
Data from External
Address
AD<15:0>
163
162
150
151
160
155
161
166
167
168
ALE
CE
164
169
171
171A
OE
165
Operating Conditions: 2.0V < VCC < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +125°C unless otherwise stated.
TABLE 27-10: CLKO AND I/O TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristics
Min
Typ
Max
Units
No
150
TadV2alL Address Out Valid to ALE ↓
0.25 TCY – 10
—
—
ns
(address setup time)
151
TalL2adl
ALE ↓ to Address Out Invalid
5
—
—
ns
(address hold time)
155
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
171
171A
TalL2oeL ALE ↓ to OE ↓
10
0.125 TCY
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
TadZ2oeL AD High-Z to OE ↓ (bus release to OE)
ToeH2adD OE ↑ to AD Driven
0
—
—
—
0.125 TCY – 5
—
TadV2oeH LS Data Valid before OE ↑ (data setup time)
ToeH2adl OE ↑ to Data In Invalid (data hold time)
20
—
—
0
—
—
—
TalH2alL
ALE Pulse Width
0.25 TCY
0.5 TCY
TCY
—
—
ToeL2oeH OE Pulse Width
0.5 TCY – 5
—
—
TalH2alH ALE ↑ to ALE ↑ (cycle time)
—
Tacc
Toe
Address Valid to Data Valid
0.75 TCY – 25
—
0.5 TCY – 25
0.625 TCY + 10
—
OE ↓ to Data Valid
—
TalL2oeH ALE ↓ to OE ↑
0.625 TCY – 10
0.25 TCY – 20
—
—
TalH2csL Chip Enable Active to ALE ↓
TubL2oeH AD Valid to Chip Enable Active
—
—
10
DS39663F-page 368
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-9:
PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE TIMING DIAGRAM
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
OSC1
A<19:16>
BA0
Address
Address
166
Data
Address
Address
AD<15:0>
153
150
151
156
ALE
CE
171
171A
154
WRH or
WRL
157A
157
UB or
LB
Operating Conditions: 2.0V < VCC < 3.6V, -40°C < TA < +125°C unless otherwise stated.
TABLE 27-11: PROGRAM MEMORY WRITE TIMING REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristics
Min
Typ
Max
Units
No
150
TadV2alL Address Out Valid to ALE ↓ (address setup time)
TalL2adl ALE ↓ to Address Out Invalid (address hold time)
TwrH2adl WRn ↑ to Data Out Invalid (data hold time)
TwrL WRn Pulse Width
0.25 TCY – 10
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
151
153
154
156
157
5
—
0.5 TCY – 5
0.5 TCY – 10
0.25 TCY
0.5 TCY
—
TadV2wrH Data Valid before WRn ↑ (data setup time)
TbsV2wrL Byte Select Valid before WRn ↓
—
(byte select setup time)
157A
166
TwrH2bsI WRn ↑ to Byte Select Invalid (byte select hold time)
TalH2alH ALE ↑ to ALE ↑ (cycle time)
0.125 TCY – 5
—
TCY
—
—
—
—
10
ns
ns
ns
ns
—
0.25 TCY – 20
—
171
TalH2csL Chip Enable Active to ALE ↓
171A
TubL2oeH AD Valid to Chip Enable Active
—
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 369
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-10:
RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER AND
POWER-UP TIMER TIMING
VDD
MCLR
30
Internal
POR
33
PWRT
Time-out
32
Oscillator
Time-out
Internal
Reset
Watchdog
Timer
Reset
31
34
34
I/O pins
Note:
Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-12: RESET, WATCHDOG TIMER, OSCILLATOR START-UP TIMER, POWER-UP TIMER
AND BROWN-OUT RESET REQUIREMENTS
Param.
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
30
TMCL
TWDT
MCLR Pulse Width (low)
2
—
—
μs
31
Watchdog Timer Time-out Period
(no postscaler)
3.5
4.1
4.9
ms
32
33
34
TOST
Oscillation Start-up Timer Period
1024 TOSC
57.4
—
66
2
1024 TOSC
77.7
—
ms
μs
TOSC = OSC1 period
TPWRT Power-up Timer Period
TIOZ
I/O High-Impedance from MCLR
—
—
Low or Watchdog Timer Reset
38
TCSD
CPU Start-up Time
—
200
—
μs
DS39663F-page 370
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-11:
TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK TIMINGS
T0CKI
41
40
42
T1OSO/T13CKI
46
45
47
48
TMR0 or
TMR1
Note:
Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-13: TIMER0 AND TIMER1 EXTERNAL CLOCK REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units
Conditions
No.
40
TT0H
T0CKI High Pulse Width
No prescaler
With prescaler
No prescaler
With prescaler
No prescaler
With prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20
10
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
41
42
TT0L
TT0P
T0CKI Low Pulse Width
T0CKI Period
0.5 TCY + 20
10
TCY + 10
Greater of:
20 ns or
ns N = prescale
value
(TCY + 40)/N
(1, 2, 4,..., 256)
45
46
47
TT1H
TT1L
TT1P
T13CKI High Synchronous, no prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Time
Synchronous, with prescaler
10
Asynchronous
30
0.5 TCY + 5
10
T13CKI Low Synchronous, no prescaler
Time
Synchronous, with prescaler
Asynchronous
30
T13CKI Input Synchronous
Period
Greater of:
20 ns or
ns N = prescale
value
(TCY + 40)/N
(1, 2, 4, 8)
Asynchronous
60
DC
—
50
ns
kHz
—
FT1
T13CKI Oscillator Input Frequency Range
48
TCKE2TMRI Delay from External T13CKI Clock Edge to
Timer Increment
2 TOSC
7 TOSC
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 371
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-12:
CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM TIMINGS (INCLUDING ECCP MODULES)
CCPx
(Capture Mode)
50
51
52
54
CCPx
(Compare or PWM Mode)
53
Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
Note:
TABLE 27-14: CAPTURE/COMPARE/PWM REQUIREMENTS (INCLUDING ECCP MODULES)
Param
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
No.
50
TCCL
CCPx Input Low No prescaler
0.5 TCY + 20
—
—
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
Time
With prescaler
10
0.5 TCY + 20
10
51
52
TCCH
TCCP
CCPx Input
High Time
No prescaler
With prescaler
CCPx Input Period
3 TCY + 40
N
N = prescale
value (1, 4 or 16)
53
54
TCCR
TCCF
CCPx Output Fall Time
CCPx Output Fall Time
—
—
25
25
ns
ns
TABLE 27-15: PARALLEL SLAVE PORT REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units
Conditions
No.
62
TdtV2wrH
TwrH2dtI
TrdL2dtV
TrdH2dtI
TibfINH
Data In Valid before WR ↑ or CS ↑ (setup time)
WR ↑ or CS ↑ to Data–In Invalid (hold time)
RD ↓ and CS ↓ to Data–Out Valid
20
20
—
10
—
—
—
ns
ns
ns
ns
63
64
65
66
80
RD ↑ or CS ↓ to Data–Out Invalid
30
Inhibit of the IBF Flag bit being Cleared from
3 TCY
WR ↑ or CS ↑
DS39663F-page 372
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-13:
EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
SSx
70
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
71
72
78
79
79
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
78
80
MSb
bit 6 - - - - - - 1
LSb
SDOx
SDIx
75, 76
MSb In
74
bit 6 - - - - 1
LSb In
73
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-16: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 0)
Param
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units Conditions
70
TSSL2SCH, SSx ↓ to SCKx ↓ or SCKx ↑ Input
TSSL2SCL
TCY
—
—
—
—
ns
73
TDIV2SCH, Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TDIV2SCL
20
ns
73A
74
TB2B
Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the 1st Clock Edge 1.5 TCY + 40
of Byte 2
ns (Note 1)
TSCH2DIL, Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TSCL2DIL
40
ns
75
76
78
79
80
TDOR
TDOF
TSCR
TSCF
SDOx Data Output Rise Time
—
—
—
—
—
25
25
25
25
50
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
SDOx Data Output Fall Time
SCKx Output Rise Time (Master mode)
SCKx Output Fall Time (Master mode)
TSCH2DOV, SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge
TSCL2DOV
Note 1: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 373
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-14:
EXAMPLE SPI MASTER MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
SSx
81
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
71
72
79
78
73
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
80
LSb
MSb
bit 6 - - - - - - 1
SDOx
SDIx
75, 76
MSb In
74
bit 6 - - - - 1
LSb In
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-17: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (MASTER MODE, CKE = 1)
Param.
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units Conditions
73
TDIV2SCH, Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TDIV2SCL
20
—
—
—
ns
73A
74
TB2B
Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the 1st Clock Edge 1.5 TCY + 40
of Byte 2
ns (Note 1)
TSCH2DIL, Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TSCL2DIL
40
ns
75
76
78
79
80
TDOR
TDOF
TSCR
TSCF
SDOx Data Output Rise Time
—
—
—
—
—
25
25
25
25
50
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
SDOx Data Output Fall Time
SCKx Output Rise Time (Master mode)
SCKx Output Fall Time (Master mode)
TSCH2DOV, SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge
TSCL2DOV
81
TDOV2SCH, SDOx Data Output Setup to SCKx Edge
TDOV2SCL
TCY
—
ns
Note 1: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.
DS39663F-page 374
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-15:
EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 0)
SSx
70
SCKx
(CKP = 0)
83
71
72
78
79
79
78
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
80
MSb
LSb
SDOx
SDIx
bit 6 - - - - - - 1
75, 76
77
MSb In
74
bit 6 - - - - 1
LSb In
73
Note:
Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-18: EXAMPLE SPI MODE REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE TIMING, CKE = 0)
Param
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units Conditions
70
TSSL2SCH, SSx ↓ to SCKx ↓ or SCKx ↑ Input
TCY
—
ns
TSSL2SCL
71
TSCH
SCKx Input High Time
(Slave mode)
Continuous
Single Byte
Continuous
Single Byte
1.25 TCY + 30
—
—
—
—
—
ns
71A
72
40
ns (Note 1)
TSCL
SCKx Input Low Time
(Slave mode)
1.25 TCY + 30
ns
72A
73
40
20
ns (Note 1)
TDIV2SCH, Setup Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TDIV2SCL
ns
73A
74
TB2B
Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 1.5 TCY + 40
—
—
ns (Note 2)
TSCH2DIL, Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TSCL2DIL
40
ns
75
76
77
80
TDOR
TDOF
SDOx Data Output Rise Time
SDOx Data Output Fall Time
—
—
10
—
25
25
50
50
ns
ns
ns
ns
TSSH2DOZ SSx ↑ to SDOx Output High-Impedance
TSCH2DOV, SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge
TSCL2DOV
83
TSCH2SSH, SSx ↑ after SCKx Edge
1.5 TCY + 40
—
ns
TSCL2SSH
Note 1: Requires the use of Parameter #73A.
2: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 375
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-16:
EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE TIMING (CKE = 1)
82
SSx
70
SCKx
83
(CKP = 0)
71
72
SCKx
(CKP = 1)
80
MSb
bit 6 - - - - - - 1
LSb
SDOx
SDIx
75, 76
77
MSb In
74
bit 6 - - - - 1
LSb In
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-19: EXAMPLE SPI SLAVE MODE REQUIREMENTS (CKE = 1)
Param
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units Conditions
70
TSSL2SCH, SSx ↓ to SCKx ↓ or SCKx ↑ Input
TCY
—
ns
TSSL2SCL
71
TSCH
TSCL
TB2B
SCKx Input High Time
(Slave mode)
Continuous
Single Byte
Continuous
Single Byte
1.25 TCY + 30
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
71A
72
40
1.25 TCY + 30
40
ns (Note 1)
ns
SCKx Input Low Time
(Slave mode)
72A
73A
74
ns (Note 1)
ns (Note 2)
ns
Last Clock Edge of Byte 1 to the First Clock Edge of Byte 2 1.5 TCY + 40
TSCH2DIL, Hold Time of SDIx Data Input to SCKx Edge
TSCL2DIL
20
75
76
77
80
TDOR
TDOF
SDOx Data Output Rise Time
SDOx Data Output Fall Time
—
—
10
—
25
25
50
50
ns
ns
ns
ns
TSSH2DOZ SSx ↑ to SDOx Output High-Impedance
TSCH2DOV, SDOx Data Output Valid after SCKx Edge
TSCL2DOV
82
83
TSSL2DOV SDOx Data Output Valid after SSx ↓ Edge
—
50
—
ns
ns
TSCH2SSH, SSx ↑ after SCKx Edge
1.5 TCY + 40
TSCL2SSH
Note 1: Requires the use of Parameter #73A.
2: Only if Parameter #71A and #72A are used.
DS39663F-page 376
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-17:
SCLx
I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING
91
93
90
92
SDAx
Stop
Condition
Start
Condition
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-20: I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE)
Param.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
No.
90
TSU:STA Start Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
4700
600
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns
Only relevant for Repeated
Start condition
91
92
93
THD:STA Start Condition
Hold Time
4000
600
ns
ns
ns
After this period, the first
clock pulse is generated
TSU:STO Stop Condition
Setup Time
4700
600
THD:STO Stop Condition
Hold Time
4000
600
FIGURE 27-18:
I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING
103
102
100
101
SCLx
90
106
107
91
92
SDAx
In
110
109
109
SDAx
Out
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 377
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-21: I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS (SLAVE MODE)
Param.
No.
Symbol
Characteristic
100 kHz mode
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
100
THIGH
Clock High Time
Clock Low Time
4.0
0.6
—
—
μs
μs
400 kHz mode
MSSP Module
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
MSSP Module
1.5 TCY
4.7
—
101
TLOW
—
μs
μs
1.3
—
1.5 TCY
—
—
102
103
TR
SDAx and SCLx Rise Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
1000
300
ns
ns
20 + 0.1 CB
CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
TF
SDAx and SCLx Fall Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
—
300
300
ns
ns
20 + 0.1 CB
CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
90
TSU:STA
Start Condition Setup Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
4.7
0.6
4.0
0.6
0
—
—
μs
μs
μs
μs
ns
μs
ns
ns
μs
μs
ns
ns
μs
μs
Only relevant for Repeated
Start condition
91
THD:STA Start Condition Hold Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
—
After this period, the first clock
pulse is generated
—
106
107
92
THD:DAT Data Input Hold Time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
—
—
0.9
—
TSU:DAT Data Input Setup Time
250
—
(Note 2)
—
TSU:STO Stop Condition Setup Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
4.7
0.6
—
—
—
109
110
TAA
Output Valid from Clock
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
3500
—
(Note 1)
—
TBUF
Bus Free Time
4.7
—
—
Time the bus must be free
before a new transmission can
start
—
D102
CB
Bus Capacitive Loading
—
400
pF
Note 1: As a transmitter, the device must provide this internal minimum delay time to bridge the undefined region (min. 300 ns)
of the falling edge of SCLx to avoid unintended generation of Start or Stop conditions.
2
2
2: A Fast mode I C™ bus device can be used in a Standard mode I C bus system, but the requirement, TSU:DAT ≥ 250 ns,
must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal.
If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal, it must output the next data bit to the SDAx line,
2
TR max. + TSU:DAT = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (according to the Standard mode I C bus specification), before the SCLx
line is released.
DS39663F-page 378
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-19:
SCLx
MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS TIMING WAVEFORMS
93
91
90
92
SDAx
Stop
Condition
Start
Condition
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-22: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS START/STOP BITS REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units
Conditions
No.
90
TSU:STA Start Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
ns Only relevant for
Repeated Start
condition
91
92
93
THD:STA Start Condition
Hold Time
100 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
ns After this period, the
first clock pulse is
generated
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
TSU:STO Stop Condition
Setup Time
100 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
ns
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
THD:STO Stop Condition
Hold Time
100 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
ns
400 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C™ pins.
FIGURE 27-20:
MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS DATA TIMING
103
102
100
101
109
SCLx
90
106
91
92
107
SDAx
In
110
109
SDAx
Out
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 379
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-23: MASTER SSP I2C™ BUS DATA REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max Units
Conditions
No.
100
THIGH
Clock High Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
—
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ms
ns
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
101
102
103
90
TLOW
TR
Clock Low Time 100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
SDAx and SCLx 100 kHz mode
—
1000
300
300
300
300
100
—
CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
Rise Time
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1)
20 + 0.1 CB
ns
—
—
ns
TF
SDAx and SCLx 100 kHz mode
ns
CB is specified to be from
10 to 400 pF
Fall Time
400 kHz mode
20 + 0.1 CB
—
ns
1 MHz mode(1)
ns
TSU:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
ms Only relevant for
Setup Time
Repeated Start
condition
ms
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
ms
—
91
THD:STA Start Condition 100 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
ms After this period, the first
Hold Time
clock pulse is generated
400 kHz mode
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
ms
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
ms
ns
106
107
92
THD:DAT Data Input
Hold Time
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1)
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1)
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
0
—
0
0.9
—
ms
ns
—
TSU:DAT Data Input
Setup Time
250
100
—
ns
ns
(Note 2)
—
—
—
ns
TSU:STO Stop Condition
Setup Time
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
ms
ms
ms
ns
2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
1 MHz mode(1) 2(TOSC)(BRG + 1)
—
109
110
D102
TAA
TBUF
CB
Output Valid
from Clock
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1)
100 kHz mode
400 kHz mode
1 MHz mode(1)
—
—
3500
1000
—
ns
—
ns
Bus Free Time
4.7
1.3
—
—
ms Time the bus must be free
before a new transmission
—
ms
can start
ms
—
Bus Capacitive Loading
—
400
pF
Note 1: Maximum pin capacitance = 10 pF for all I2C™ pins.
2: A Fast mode I2C bus device can be used in a Standard mode I2C bus system, but parameter #107 ≥ 250 ns
must then be met. This will automatically be the case if the device does not stretch the LOW period of the
SCLx signal. If such a device does stretch the LOW period of the SCLx signal, it must output the next data
bit to the SDAx line, parameter #102 + parameter #107 = 1000 + 250 = 1250 ns (for 100 kHz mode), before
the SCLx line is released.
DS39663F-page 380
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
FIGURE 27-21:
EUSART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
TXx/CKx
pin
121
121
RXx/DTx
pin
120
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
122
TABLE 27-24: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS TRANSMISSION REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units Conditions
No.
120
TCKH2DTV SYNC XMIT (MASTER and SLAVE)
Clock High to Data Out Valid
—
—
—
40
20
20
ns
ns
ns
121
122
TCKRF
TDTRF
Clock Out Rise Time and Fall Time (Master mode)
Data Out Rise Time and Fall Time
FIGURE 27-22:
EUSART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE (MASTER/SLAVE) TIMING
TXx/CKx
pin
125
RXx/DTx
pin
126
Note: Refer to Figure 27-3 for load conditions.
TABLE 27-25: EUSART SYNCHRONOUS RECEIVE REQUIREMENTS
Param.
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
No.
125
TDTV2CKL SYNC RCV (MASTER and SLAVE)
Data Hold before CKx ↓ (DTx hold time)
10
15
—
—
ns
ns
126
TCKL2DTL Data Hold after CKx ↓ (DTx hold time)
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 381
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-26: A/D CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS: PIC18F87J10 FAMILY (INDUSTRIAL)
Param
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Conditions
No.
A01
NR
Resolution
—
—
—
—
—
—
10
bit ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V
A03
A04
A06
A07
A10
A20
EIL
Integral Linearity Error
Differential Linearity Error
Offset Error
—
<±1
<±1
<±3
<±3
LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V
LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V
LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V
LSb ΔVREF ≥ 3.0V
EDL
EOFF
EGN
—
—
—
Gain Error
—
Monotonicity
Guaranteed(1)
—
VSS ≤ VAIN ≤ VREF
ΔVREF Reference Voltage Range
2.0
3
—
—
—
—
V
V
VDD < 3.0V
VDD ≥ 3.0V
(VREFH – VREFL)
A21
A22
A25
A30
VREFH Reference Voltage High
VSS
—
VREFH
VDD – 3.0V
VREFH
V
V
VREFL
VAIN
Reference Voltage Low
Analog Input Voltage
VSS – 0.3V
VREFL
—
—
—
—
V
ZAIN
Recommended Impedance of
Analog Voltage Source
2.5
kΩ
A50
IREF
VREF Input Current(2)
—
—
—
—
5
150
μA During VAIN acquisition.
μA During A/D conversion
cycle.
Note 1: The A/D conversion result never decreases with an increase in the input voltage and has no missing codes.
2: VREFH current is from RA3/AN3/VREF+ pin or VDD, whichever is selected as the VREFH source.
VREFL current is from RA2/AN2/VREF- pin or VSS, whichever is selected as the VREFL source.
FIGURE 27-23:
A/D CONVERSION TIMING
BSF ADCON0, GO
(Note 2)
131
130
Q4
132
A/D CLK
. . .
. . .
9
8
7
2
1
0
A/D DATA
ADRES
NEW_DATA
TCY
OLD_DATA
ADIF
GO
DONE
SAMPLING STOPPED
SAMPLE
Note 1: If the A/D clock source is selected as RC, a time of TCY is added before the A/D clock starts.
This allows the SLEEPinstruction to be executed.
2: This is a minimal RC delay (typically 100 ns), which also disconnects the holding capacitor from the analog input.
DS39663F-page 382
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
TABLE 27-27: A/D CONVERSION REQUIREMENTS
Param
Symbol
Characteristic
Min
Max
Units
Conditions
No.
25.0(1)
12
μs TOSC based, VREF ≥ 3.0V
130
TAD
A/D Clock Period
0.7
11
131
TCNV
Conversion Time
TAD
(not including acquisition time) (Note 2)
132
135
136
TACQ
TSWC
TDIS
Acquisition Time (Note 3)
Switching Time from Convert → Sample
Discharge Time
1.4
—
—
(Note 4)
—
μs -40°C to +85°C
0.2
μs
Note 1: The time of the A/D clock period is dependent on the device frequency and the TAD clock divider.
2: ADRES registers may be read on the following TCY cycle.
3: The time for the holding capacitor to acquire the “New” input voltage when the voltage changes full scale
after the conversion (VDD to VSS or VSS to VDD). The source impedance (RS) on the input channels is 50Ω.
4: On the following cycle of the device clock.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 383
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 384
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
28.0 PACKAGING INFORMATION
28.1 Package Marking Information
64-Lead TQFP
Example
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
18F67J10
-I/PT
0910017
e
3
80-Lead TQFP
Example
XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXX
YYWWNNN
PIC18F87J10
-I/PT
0910017
e
3
Legend: XX...X Customer-specific information
Y
YY
WW
NNN
Year code (last digit of calendar year)
Year code (last 2 digits of calendar year)
Week code (week of January 1 is week ‘01’)
Alphanumeric traceability code
e
3
Pb-free JEDEC designator for Matte Tin (Sn)
*
This package is Pb-free. The Pb-free JEDEC designator (
can be found on the outer packaging for this package.
)
e3
Note: In the event the full Microchip part number cannot be marked on one line, it will
be carried over to the next line, thus limiting the number of available
characters for customer-specific information.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 385
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
28.2 Package Details
The following sections give the technical details of the
packages.
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉꢅꢊꢋꢌꢍꢇꢎꢏꢌꢐꢇꢑꢒꢅꢆꢇꢓꢉꢅꢋꢔꢅꢍꢕꢇꢖꢈꢎꢗꢇMꢇꢘꢙꢚꢘꢙꢚꢘꢇꢛꢛꢇꢜ ꢆ!"ꢇ#$ꢙꢙꢇꢛꢛꢇ%ꢎꢑꢓꢈ&
' ꢋꢄ( 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢕ!(ꢅꢏꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢒꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕꢅꢗꢏꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢏ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕ
D
D1
E
e
E1
N
b
1 2 3
NOTE 1
c
NOTE 2
α
A
φ
A2
A1
β
L
L1
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢒꢚ77ꢚꢒ.ꢘ.ꢙꢗ
ꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ7ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢒꢚ8
89ꢒ
;ꢔ
ꢓꢁ/ꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
M
ꢀꢁꢓꢓ
M
ꢒꢖ:
8"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅ7ꢈꢆ#!
7ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
9 ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ<ꢈꢃꢕꢍ&
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅꢘꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
ꢗ&ꢆꢄ#ꢋ%%ꢅꢅ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅ7ꢈꢄꢕ&ꢍ
8
ꢈ
ꢖ
ꢖꢎ
ꢖꢀ
7
M
ꢀꢁꢎꢓ
ꢀꢁꢓ/
ꢓꢁꢀ/
ꢓꢁꢜ/
ꢓꢁꢛ/
ꢓꢁꢓ/
ꢓꢁꢔ/
ꢓꢁ;ꢓ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢏꢉꢃꢄ&
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅꢖꢄꢕꢇꢈ
7ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀꢁꢓꢓꢅꢙ.3
ꢐꢁ/ꢝ
ꢓꢝ
ꢜꢝ
9 ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ?ꢃ#&ꢍ
9 ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ7ꢈꢄꢕ&ꢍ
.
ꢑ
.ꢀ
ꢑꢀ
ꢌ
ꢀꢎꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
ꢀꢎꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
ꢀꢓꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
ꢀꢓꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
M
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ?ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ7ꢈꢄꢕ&ꢍ
7ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢘꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
7ꢈꢆ#ꢅ?ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢅꢑꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢖꢄꢕꢇꢈꢅꢘꢋꢏ
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢅꢑꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢖꢄꢕꢇꢈꢅ1ꢋ&&ꢋ'
ꢓꢁꢓꢛ
ꢓꢁꢀꢜ
ꢀꢀꢝ
ꢓꢁꢎꢓ
ꢓꢁꢎꢜ
ꢀꢐꢝ
)
ꢁ
ꢓꢁꢎꢎ
ꢀꢎꢝ
ꢀꢎꢝ
ꢂ
ꢀꢀꢝ
ꢀꢐꢝ
' ꢋꢄꢊ(
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ +ꢍꢆ'%ꢈꢉ!ꢅꢆ&ꢅꢌꢋꢉꢄꢈꢉ!ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢅꢋꢏ&ꢃꢋꢄꢆꢇ,ꢅ!ꢃ-ꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊꢁ
ꢐꢁ ꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢑꢀꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢏꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢒꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢏꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢓꢁꢎ/ꢅ''ꢅꢏꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
ꢔꢁ ꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢕꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢕꢅꢏꢈꢉꢅꢖꢗꢒ.ꢅ0ꢀꢔꢁ/ꢒꢁ
1ꢗ+2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢘꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢙ.32 ꢙꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢏ"ꢉꢏꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢒꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏ ꢘꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢕꢊ ꢑꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢕ +ꢓꢔꢞꢓ@/1
DS39663F-page 386
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉꢅꢊꢋꢌꢍꢇꢎꢏꢌꢐꢇꢑꢒꢅꢆꢇꢓꢉꢅꢋꢔꢅꢍꢕꢇꢖꢈꢎꢗꢇMꢇꢘꢙꢚꢘꢙꢚꢘꢇꢛꢛꢇꢜ ꢆ!"ꢇ#$ꢙꢙꢇꢛꢛꢇ%ꢎꢑꢓꢈ&
' ꢋꢄ( 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢕ!(ꢅꢏꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢒꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕꢅꢗꢏꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢏ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕ
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 387
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
)ꢙꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉꢅꢊꢋꢌꢍꢇꢎꢏꢌꢐꢇꢑꢒꢅꢆꢇꢓꢉꢅꢋꢔꢅꢍꢕꢇꢖꢈꢎꢗꢇMꢇꢘ#ꢚꢘ#ꢚꢘꢇꢛꢛꢇꢜ ꢆ!"ꢇ#$ꢙꢙꢇꢛꢛꢇ%ꢎꢑꢓꢈ&
' ꢋꢄ( 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢕ!(ꢅꢏꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢒꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕꢅꢗꢏꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢏ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕ
D
D1
E
e
E1
N
b
NOTE 1
12 3
α
NOTE 2
A
c
φ
A2
β
A1
L1
L
6ꢄꢃ&!
ꢒꢚ77ꢚꢒ.ꢘ.ꢙꢗ
ꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢅ7ꢃ'ꢃ&!
ꢒꢚ8
M
ꢓꢁꢛ/
ꢓꢁꢓ/
ꢓꢁꢔ/
89ꢒ
@ꢓ
ꢓꢁ/ꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
M
ꢀꢁꢓꢓ
M
ꢒꢖ:
8"')ꢈꢉꢅꢋ%ꢅ7ꢈꢆ#!
7ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢂꢃ&ꢌꢍ
9 ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ<ꢈꢃꢕꢍ&
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅꢘꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
ꢗ&ꢆꢄ#ꢋ%%ꢅꢅ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅ7ꢈꢄꢕ&ꢍ
8
ꢈ
ꢖ
ꢖꢎ
ꢖꢀ
7
ꢀꢁꢎꢓ
ꢀꢁꢓ/
ꢓꢁꢀ/
ꢓꢁꢜ/
ꢓꢁ;ꢓ
3ꢋꢋ&ꢏꢉꢃꢄ&
3ꢋꢋ&ꢅꢖꢄꢕꢇꢈ
7ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀꢁꢓꢓꢅꢙ.3
ꢐꢁ/ꢝ
ꢓꢝ
ꢜꢝ
9 ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ?ꢃ#&ꢍ
9 ꢈꢉꢆꢇꢇꢅ7ꢈꢄꢕ&ꢍ
.
ꢑ
.ꢀ
ꢑꢀ
ꢌ
ꢀꢔꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
ꢀꢔꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
ꢀꢎꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
ꢀꢎꢁꢓꢓꢅ1ꢗ+
M
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ?ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢈ#ꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ7ꢈꢄꢕ&ꢍ
7ꢈꢆ#ꢅꢘꢍꢃꢌ4ꢄꢈ!!
7ꢈꢆ#ꢅ?ꢃ#&ꢍ
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢅꢑꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢖꢄꢕꢇꢈꢅꢘꢋꢏ
ꢒꢋꢇ#ꢅꢑꢉꢆ%&ꢅꢖꢄꢕꢇꢈꢅ1ꢋ&&ꢋ'
ꢓꢁꢓꢛ
ꢓꢁꢀꢜ
ꢀꢀꢝ
ꢓꢁꢎꢓ
ꢓꢁꢎꢜ
ꢀꢐꢝ
)
ꢁ
ꢓꢁꢎꢎ
ꢀꢎꢝ
ꢀꢎꢝ
ꢂ
ꢀꢀꢝ
ꢀꢐꢝ
' ꢋꢄꢊ(
ꢀꢁ ꢂꢃꢄꢅꢀꢅ ꢃ!"ꢆꢇꢅꢃꢄ#ꢈ$ꢅ%ꢈꢆ&"ꢉꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊ(ꢅ)"&ꢅ'"!&ꢅ)ꢈꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢃꢄꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢍꢆ&ꢌꢍꢈ#ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢆꢁ
ꢎꢁ +ꢍꢆ'%ꢈꢉ!ꢅꢆ&ꢅꢌꢋꢉꢄꢈꢉ!ꢅꢆꢉꢈꢅꢋꢏ&ꢃꢋꢄꢆꢇ,ꢅ!ꢃ-ꢈꢅ'ꢆꢊꢅ ꢆꢉꢊꢁ
ꢐꢁ ꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅꢑꢀꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ.ꢀꢅ#ꢋꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢃꢄꢌꢇ"#ꢈꢅ'ꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢏꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢁꢅꢒꢋꢇ#ꢅ%ꢇꢆ!ꢍꢅꢋꢉꢅꢏꢉꢋ&ꢉ"!ꢃꢋꢄ!ꢅ!ꢍꢆꢇꢇꢅꢄꢋ&ꢅꢈ$ꢌꢈꢈ#ꢅꢓꢁꢎ/ꢅ''ꢅꢏꢈꢉꢅ!ꢃ#ꢈꢁ
ꢔꢁ ꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢃꢄꢕꢅꢆꢄ#ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢃꢄꢕꢅꢏꢈꢉꢅꢖꢗꢒ.ꢅ0ꢀꢔꢁ/ꢒꢁ
1ꢗ+2 1ꢆ!ꢃꢌꢅꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄꢁꢅꢘꢍꢈꢋꢉꢈ&ꢃꢌꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅꢈ$ꢆꢌ&ꢅ ꢆꢇ"ꢈꢅ!ꢍꢋ*ꢄꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ!ꢁ
ꢙ.32 ꢙꢈ%ꢈꢉꢈꢄꢌꢈꢅꢑꢃ'ꢈꢄ!ꢃꢋꢄ(ꢅ"!"ꢆꢇꢇꢊꢅ*ꢃ&ꢍꢋ"&ꢅ&ꢋꢇꢈꢉꢆꢄꢌꢈ(ꢅ%ꢋꢉꢅꢃꢄ%ꢋꢉ'ꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢏ"ꢉꢏꢋ!ꢈ!ꢅꢋꢄꢇꢊꢁ
ꢒꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏ ꢘꢈꢌꢍꢄꢋꢇꢋꢕꢊ ꢑꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢕ +ꢓꢔꢞꢓꢛꢎ1
DS39663F-page 388
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
)ꢙꢂꢃꢄꢅꢆꢇꢈꢉꢅꢊꢋꢌꢍꢇꢎꢏꢌꢐꢇꢑꢒꢅꢆꢇꢓꢉꢅꢋꢔꢅꢍꢕꢇꢖꢈꢎꢗꢇMꢇꢘ#ꢚꢘ#ꢚꢘꢇꢛꢛꢇꢜ ꢆ!"ꢇ#$ꢙꢙꢇꢛꢛꢇ%ꢎꢑꢓꢈ&
' ꢋꢄ( 3ꢋꢉꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅ'ꢋ!&ꢅꢌ"ꢉꢉꢈꢄ&ꢅꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢈꢅ#ꢉꢆ*ꢃꢄꢕ!(ꢅꢏꢇꢈꢆ!ꢈꢅ!ꢈꢈꢅ&ꢍꢈꢅꢒꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢅꢂꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕꢅꢗꢏꢈꢌꢃ%ꢃꢌꢆ&ꢃꢋꢄꢅꢇꢋꢌꢆ&ꢈ#ꢅꢆ&ꢅ
ꢍ&&ꢏ255***ꢁ'ꢃꢌꢉꢋꢌꢍꢃꢏꢁꢌꢋ'5ꢏꢆꢌ4ꢆꢕꢃꢄꢕ
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 389
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 390
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
APPENDIX A: MIGRATION
BETWEEN HIGH-END
DEVICE FAMILIES
Devices in the PIC18F87J10 and PIC18F8722 families
are very similar in their functions and feature sets.
However, there are some potentially important differ-
ences which should be considered when migrating an
application across device families to achieve a new
design goal. These are summarized in Table A-1. The
areas of difference which could be a major impact on
migration are discussed in greater detail later in this
section.
TABLE A-1:
NOTABLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PIC18F8722 AND PIC18F87J10 FAMILIES
Characteristic
PIC18F87J10 Family
PIC18F8722 Family
Operating Frequency
Supply Voltage
40 MHz @ 2.7V
2.0V-3.6V, dual voltage requirement
Low
40 MHz @ 4.2V
2.0V-5.5V
Operating Current
Lower
Program Memory Endurance
I/O Sink/Source at 25 mA
Input Voltage Tolerance on I/O pins
I/O
1,000 write/erase cycles (typical)
PORTB and PORTC only
5.5V on digital only pins
100,000 write/erase cycles (typical)
All ports
VDD on all I/O pins
70
66 (RA7, RA6, RE3 and RF0
not available)
Pull-ups
PORTB, PORTD, PORTE
and PORTJ
PORTB
Oscillator Options
Limited options (EC, HS, PLL,
fixed 32 kHz INTRC)
More options (EC, HS, XT, LP, RC,
PLL, flexible INTRC)
Program Memory Retention
20 years (minimum)
40 years (minimum)
Programming Time (Normalized)
2.8 ms/byte (2.8 ms/64-byte block)
64
15.6 μs/byte (1 ms/64-byte block)
Programming Entry
Code Protection
Low Voltage, Key Sequence
Single block, all or nothing
VPP and LVP
Multiple code protection blocks
Configuration Words
Stored in last 4 words of
Program Memory space
Stored in Configuration Space,
starting at 300000h
Start-up Time from Sleep
Power-up Timer
Data EEPROM
200 µs (typical)
Always on
10 µs (typical)
Configurable
Available
Not available
BOR
Simple BOR with Voltage Regulator
Not available
Programmable BOR
Available
LVD
A/D Channels
15
16
A/D Calibration
Required
Not required
Available
Microprocessor mode (EMB)
External Memory Addressing
In-Circuit Emulation
Not available
Address shifting available
Not available
Address shifting not available
Available
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 391
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
A.1
Power Requirement Differences
A.3
Oscillator Differences
The most significant difference between the
PIC18F87J10 and PIC18F8722 device families is the
power requirements. PIC18F87J10 devices are
designed on a smaller process; this results in lower
maximum voltage and higher leakage current.
PIC18F8722 devices have a greater range of oscillator
options than PIC18F87J10 devices. The latter family is
limited primarily to operating modes that support HS
and EC oscillators.
In addition, the PIC18F87J10 has an internal RC
oscillator with only a fixed 32 kHz output. The higher
frequency RC modes of the PIC18F8722 family are not
available.
The operating voltage range for PIC18F87J10 devices
is 2.0V to 3.6V. In addition, these devices have split
power requirements: one for the core logic and one for
the I/O. One of the VDD pins is separated for the core
logic supply (VDDCORE). This pin has specific voltage
and capacitor requirements as described in
Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
Both device families have an internal PLL. For the
PIC18F87J10 family, however, the PLL must be
enabled in software.
The clocking differences should be considered when
making a conversion between the PIC18F8722 and
PIC18F87J10 device families.
A.2
Pin Differences
There are several differences in the pinouts between
the PIC18F87J10 and the PIC18F8722 families:
A.4
Peripherals
• Input voltage tolerance
• Output current capabilities
• Available I/O
Peripherals must also be considered when making a
conversion between the PIC18F87J10 and the
PIC18F8722 families:
Pins on the PIC18F87J10 that have digital only input
capability will tolerate voltages up to 5.5V and are thus
tolerant to voltages above VDD. Table 11-1 in
Section 11.0 “I/O Ports” contains the complete list.
• External Memory Bus: The external memory bus
on the PIC18F87J10 does not support Micro-
controller mode; however, it does support external
address offset.
• A/D Converter: There are only 15 channels on
PIC18F87J10 devices. The converters for these
devices also require a calibration step prior to
normal operation.
In addition to input differences, there are output differ-
ences as well. PIC18F87J10 devices have three
classes of pin output current capability: high, medium
and low. Not all I/O pins can source or sink equal levels
of current. Only PORTB and PORTC support the
25 mA source/sink capability that is supported by all
output pins on the PIC18F8722. Table 11-2 in
Section 11.0 “I/O Ports” contains the complete list of
output capabilities.
• Data EEPROM: PIC18F87J10 devices do not
have this module.
• BOR: PIC18F87J10 devices do not have a
programmable BOR. Simple brown-out capability
is provided through the use of the internal voltage
regulator.
There are additional differences in how some pin func-
tions are implemented on PIC18F87J10 devices. First,
the OSC1/OSC2 oscillator pins are strictly dedicated to
the external oscillator function; there is no option to
re-allocate these pins to I/O (RA6 or RA7) as on
PIC18F8722 devices. Second, the MCLR pin is
dedicated only to MCLR and cannot be configured as
an input (RG5). Finally, RF0 does not exist on
PIC18F87J10 devices.
• LVD: PIC18F87J10 devices do not have this
module.
All of these pin differences (including power pin
differences) should be accounted for when making a
conversion between PIC18F8722 and PIC18F87J10
devices.
DS39663F-page 392
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
APPENDIX B: REVISION HISTORY
Revision A (December 2004)
Original data sheet for PIC18F87J10 family devices.
Revision B (July 2005)
Packaging diagrams have been updated. Document
updated from Advanced to Preliminary. Updated all
TBDs in Section 27.0 “Electrical Characteristics”.
Edits to text throughout document.
Revision C (December 2005)
Packaging diagrams have been updated. Minor edits to
text throughout document.
Revision D (June 2006)
Electrical characteristics and packaging diagrams have
been updated. Minor edits to text throughout
document.
Revision E (June 2009)
Pin diagrams have been edited to indicate 5.5V tolerant
input pins. Packaging diagrams have been updated.
Section 2.0 “Guidelines for Getting Started with
PIC18FJ Microcontrollers” has been added. Minor text
edits throughout the document.
Revision F (September 2009)
Added Appendix B: “Revision History”.
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 393
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
NOTES:
DS39663F-page 394
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Block Diagrams
INDEX
16-Bit Byte Select Mode .......................................... 101
16-Bit Byte Write Mode .............................................. 99
16-Bit Word Write Mode .......................................... 100
8-Bit Multiplexed Modes .......................................... 103
A/D ........................................................................... 264
Analog Input Model .................................................. 265
Baud Rate Generator .............................................. 225
Capture Mode Operation ......................................... 171
Comparator Analog Input Model .............................. 275
Comparator I/O Operating Modes ........................... 272
Comparator Output .................................................. 274
Comparator Voltage Reference ............................... 278
Comparator Voltage Reference Output
Buffer Example ................................................ 279
Compare Mode Operation ....................................... 172
Connections for On-Chip Voltage Regulator ........... 288
Device Clock .............................................................. 34
Enhanced PWM Simplified ...................................... 181
EUSART Receive .................................................... 251
EUSART Transmit ................................................... 249
External Power-on Reset Circuit
A
A/D ................................................................................... 261
A/D Converter Interrupt, Configuring ....................... 265
Acquisition Requirements ........................................ 266
ADCAL Bit ................................................................ 269
ADCON0 Register .................................................... 261
ADCON1 Register .................................................... 261
ADCON2 Register .................................................... 261
ADRESH Register ............................................ 261, 264
ADRESL Register .................................................... 261
Analog Port Pins ...................................................... 148
Analog Port Pins, Configuring .................................. 267
Associated Registers ............................................... 269
Automatic Acquisition Time ...................................... 267
Calculating the Minimum Required
Acquisition Time .............................................. 266
Calibration ................................................................ 269
Configuring the Module ............................................ 265
Conversion Clock (TAD) ........................................... 267
Conversion Requirements ....................................... 383
Conversion Status (GO/DONE Bit) .......................... 264
Conversions ............................................................. 268
Converter Characteristics ........................................ 382
Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 269
Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ......................... 180, 268
Use of the ECCP2 Trigger ....................................... 268
Absolute Maximum Ratings ............................................. 347
AC (Timing) Characteristics ............................................. 362
Load Conditions for Device Timing
Specifications ................................................... 363
Parameter Symbology ............................................. 362
Temperature and Voltage Specifications ................. 363
Timing Conditions .................................................... 363
ACKSTAT ........................................................................ 229
ACKSTAT Status Flag ..................................................... 229
ADCAL Bit ........................................................................ 269
ADCON0 Register ............................................................ 261
GO/DONE Bit ........................................................... 264
ADCON1 Register ............................................................ 261
ADCON2 Register ............................................................ 261
ADDFSR .......................................................................... 336
ADDLW ............................................................................ 299
ADDULNK ........................................................................ 336
ADDWF ............................................................................ 299
ADDWFC ......................................................................... 300
ADRESH Register ............................................................ 261
ADRESL Register .................................................... 261, 264
Analog-to-Digital Converter. See A/D.
(Slow VDD Power-up) ........................................ 49
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 290
Generic I/O Port Operation ...................................... 125
Interrupt Logic .......................................................... 110
2
MSSP (I C Master Mode) ........................................ 223
2
MSSP (I C Mode) .................................................... 203
MSSP (SPI Mode) ................................................... 193
On-Chip Reset Circuit ................................................ 47
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 ................................................... 8
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 ................................................... 9
PLL ............................................................................ 33
PORTD and PORTE (Parallel Slave Port) ............... 148
PWM Operation (Simplified) .................................... 174
Reads from Flash Program Memory ......................... 89
Recommended Minimum Connections ...................... 27
Single Comparator ................................................... 273
Table Read Operation ............................................... 85
Table Write Operation ............................................... 86
Table Writes to Flash Program Memory .................... 91
Timer0 in 16-Bit Mode ............................................. 152
Timer0 in 8-Bit Mode ............................................... 152
Timer1 ..................................................................... 156
Timer1 (16-Bit Read/Write Mode) ............................ 156
Timer2 ..................................................................... 162
Timer3 ..................................................................... 164
Timer3 (16-Bit Read/Write Mode) ............................ 164
Timer4 ..................................................................... 168
Watchdog Timer ...................................................... 287
BN .................................................................................... 302
BNC ................................................................................. 303
BNN ................................................................................. 303
BNOV .............................................................................. 304
BNZ ................................................................................. 304
BOR. See Brown-out Reset.
ANDLW ............................................................................ 300
ANDWF ............................................................................ 301
Assembler
MPASM Assembler .................................................. 344
Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break Character ......................... 252
BOV ................................................................................. 307
BRA ................................................................................. 305
Break Character (12-Bit) Transmit and Receive .............. 254
BRG. See Baud Rate Generator.
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ..................................................... 49
and On-Chip Voltage Regulator .............................. 288
Detecting ................................................................... 49
B
Basic Connection Requirements ........................................ 27
Baud Rate Generator ....................................................... 225
BC .................................................................................... 301
BCF .................................................................................. 302
BF .................................................................................... 229
BF Status Flag ................................................................. 229
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 395
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
BSF ..................................................................................305
BTFSC .............................................................................306
BTFSS ..............................................................................306
BTG ..................................................................................307
BZ .....................................................................................308
Comparator ...................................................................... 271
Analog Input Connection Considerations ................ 275
Associated Registers ............................................... 275
Configuration ........................................................... 272
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 274
Interrupts ................................................................. 274
Operation ................................................................. 273
Operation During Sleep ........................................... 274
Outputs .................................................................... 273
Reference ................................................................ 273
External Signal ................................................ 273
C
C Compilers
MPLAB C18 .............................................................344
MPLAB C30 .............................................................344
Calibration (A/D Converter) ..............................................269
CALL ................................................................................308
CALLW .............................................................................337
Capture (CCP Module) .....................................................171
Associated Registers ...............................................173
CCP Pin Configuration .............................................171
CCPRxH:CCPRxL Registers ...................................171
Prescaler ..................................................................171
Software Interrupt ....................................................171
Timer1/Timer3 Mode Selection ................................171
Capture (ECCP Module) ..................................................180
Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) ........................................169
Capture Mode. See Capture.
Internal Signal .................................................. 273
Response Time ........................................................ 273
Comparator Specifications ............................................... 361
Comparator Voltage Reference ....................................... 277
Accuracy and Error .................................................. 278
Associated Registers ............................................... 279
Configuring .............................................................. 277
Connection Considerations ...................................... 278
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 278
Operation During Sleep ........................................... 278
Compare (CCP Module) .................................................. 172
Associated Registers ............................................... 173
CCPRx Register ...................................................... 172
Pin Configuration ..................................................... 172
Software Interrupt .................................................... 172
Timer1/Timer3 Mode Selection ................................ 172
Compare (ECCP Module) ................................................ 180
Special Event Trigger .............................. 165, 180, 268
Computed GOTO ............................................................... 65
Configuration Bits ............................................................ 281
Configuration Register Protection .................................... 292
Core Features
Easy Migration ............................................................. 6
Expanded Memory ....................................................... 5
Extended Instruction Set ............................................. 5
External Memory Bus .................................................. 5
nanoWatt Technology .................................................. 5
Oscillator Options and Features .................................. 5
CPFSEQ .......................................................................... 310
CPFSGT .......................................................................... 311
CPFSLT ........................................................................... 311
Crystal Oscillator/Ceramic Resonator ................................ 31
Customer Change Notification Service ............................ 405
Customer Notification Service ......................................... 405
Customer Support ............................................................ 405
CCP Mode and Timer Resources ............................170
CCPRxH Register ....................................................170
CCPRxL Register .....................................................170
Compare Mode. See Compare.
Module Configuration ...............................................170
Timer Interconnect Configurations ...........................170
Clock Sources ....................................................................34
Selection and the FOSC2 Configuration Bit ...............35
Selection Using OSCCON Register ...........................35
CLRF ................................................................................309
CLRWDT ..........................................................................309
Code Examples
16 x 16 Signed Multiply Routine ..............................108
16 x 16 Unsigned Multiply Routine ..........................108
8 x 8 Signed Multiply Routine ..................................107
8 x 8 Unsigned Multiply Routine ..............................107
Changing Between Capture Prescalers ...................171
Computed GOTO Using an Offset Value ...................65
Erasing Flash Program Memory ................................90
Fast Register Stack ....................................................65
How to Clear RAM (Bank 1) Using
Indirect Addressing ............................................78
Implementing a Real-Time Clock Using a
Timer1 Interrupt Service ..................................159
Initializing PORTA ....................................................126
Initializing PORTB ....................................................128
Initializing PORTC ....................................................131
Initializing PORTD ....................................................134
Initializing PORTE ....................................................137
Initializing PORTF ....................................................140
Initializing PORTG ...................................................142
Initializing PORTH ....................................................144
Initializing PORTJ ....................................................146
Loading the SSP1BUF (SSP1SR) Register .............196
Reading a Flash Program Memory Word ..................89
Saving STATUS, WREG and BSR
D
Data Addressing Modes .................................................... 78
Comparing Addressing Modes with
the Extended Instruction Set Enabled ............... 82
Direct ......................................................................... 78
Indexed Literal Offset ................................................ 81
BSR ................................................................... 83
Instructions Affected .......................................... 81
Mapping Access Bank ....................................... 83
Indirect ....................................................................... 78
Inherent and Literal .................................................... 78
Data Memory ..................................................................... 68
Access Bank .............................................................. 71
Bank Select Register (BSR) ...................................... 68
Extended Instruction Set ........................................... 81
General Purpose Registers ....................................... 71
Registers in RAM .............................................124
Writing to Flash Program Memory .............................92
Code Protection ...............................................................281
COMF ...............................................................................310
DS39663F-page 396
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Memory Maps
PIC18FX5J10/X5J15/X6J10 Devices ................ 69
Baud Rate Generator (BRG) ................................... 243
Associated Registers ....................................... 244
Auto-Baud Rate Detect .................................... 247
Baud Rate Error, Calculating ........................... 244
Baud Rates, Asynchronous Modes ................. 245
High Baud Rate Select (BRGH Bit) ................. 243
Sampling ......................................................... 243
Synchronous Master Mode ...................................... 255
Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 257
Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 256
Reception ........................................................ 257
Transmission ................................................... 255
Synchronous Slave Mode ........................................ 258
Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 259
Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 258
Reception ........................................................ 259
Transmission ................................................... 258
Extended Instruction Set
PIC18FX6J15/X7J10 Devices ........................... 70
Special Function Registers ................................ 72
Special Function Registers ........................................ 72
DAW ................................................................................. 312
DC Characteristics ........................................................... 358
Power-Down and Supply Current ............................ 351
Supply Voltage ......................................................... 350
DCFSNZ .......................................................................... 313
DECF ............................................................................... 312
DECFSZ ........................................................................... 313
Development Support ...................................................... 343
Device Overview .................................................................. 5
Details on Individual Family Members ......................... 6
Features (64-Pin Devices) ........................................... 7
Features (80-Pin Devices) ........................................... 7
Direct Addressing ............................................................... 79
ADDFSR .................................................................. 336
ADDULNK ............................................................... 336
CALLW .................................................................... 337
MOVSF .................................................................... 337
MOVSS .................................................................... 338
PUSHL ..................................................................... 338
SUBFSR .................................................................. 339
SUBULNK ................................................................ 339
External Clock Input (EC Modes) ...................................... 32
External Memory Bus ........................................................ 95
16-Bit Byte Select Mode .......................................... 101
16-Bit Byte Write Mode .............................................. 99
16-Bit Data Width Modes ........................................... 98
16-Bit Mode Timing ................................................. 102
16-Bit Word Write Mode .......................................... 100
8-Bit Mode ............................................................... 103
8-Bit Mode Timing ................................................... 104
Address and Data Line Usage (table) ....................... 97
Address and Data Width ............................................ 97
Address Shifting ........................................................ 97
Control ....................................................................... 96
I/O Port Functions ...................................................... 95
Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 105
Program Memory Modes ........................................... 98
Extended Microcontroller ................................... 98
Microcontroller ................................................... 98
Wait States ................................................................ 98
Weak Pull-ups on Port Pins ....................................... 98
E
ECCP
Associated Registers ............................................... 192
Capture and Compare Modes .................................. 180
Enhanced PWM Mode ............................................. 181
Standard PWM Mode ............................................... 180
Effect on Standard PIC MCU Instructions ........................ 340
Effects of Power-Managed Modes on
Various Clock Sources ............................................... 37
Electrical Characteristics .................................................. 347
Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) .................... 177
Capture Mode. See Capture (ECCP Module).
ECCP1/ECCP3 Outputs and
Program Memory Mode ................................... 178
ECCP2 Outputs and Program
Memory Modes ................................................ 178
Outputs and Configuration ....................................... 178
Pin Configurations for ECCP1 ................................. 179
Pin Configurations for ECCP2 ................................. 179
Pin Configurations for ECCP3 ................................. 180
PWM Mode. See PWM (ECCP Module).
Timer Resources ...................................................... 178
Use of CCP4/CCP5 with ECCP1/ECCP3 ................ 178
Enhanced Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver
Transmitter (EUSART). See EUSART.
ENVREG Pin .................................................................... 288
Equations
A/D Acquisition Time ................................................ 266
A/D Minimum Charging Time ................................... 266
Errata ................................................................................... 4
EUSART
F
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 281, 290
Interrupts in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 291
POR or Wake-up from Sleep ................................... 291
WDT During Oscillator Failure ................................. 290
Fast Register Stack ........................................................... 65
Firmware Instructions ...................................................... 293
Flash Configuration Words .............................................. 281
Flash Program Memory ..................................................... 85
Associated Registers ................................................. 93
Control Registers ....................................................... 86
EECON1 and EECON2 ..................................... 86
Asynchronous Mode ................................................ 249
12-Bit Break Transmit and Receive ................. 254
Associated Registers, Receive ........................ 252
Associated Registers, Transmit ....................... 250
Auto-Wake-up on Sync Break ......................... 252
Receiver ........................................................... 251
Setting Up 9-Bit Mode with Address Detect ..... 251
Transmitter ....................................................... 249
Baud Rate Generator
Operation in Power-Managed Mode ................ 243
TABLAT (Table Latch) Register ........................ 88
TBLPTR (Table Pointer) Register ...................... 88
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 397
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Erase Sequence ........................................................90
Erasing .......................................................................90
Operation During Code-Protect .................................93
Reading ......................................................................89
Table Pointer
In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) ...................... 281, 292
Indexed Literal Offset Addressing
and Standard PIC18 Instructions ............................. 340
Indexed Literal Offset Mode ............................................. 340
Indirect Addressing ............................................................ 79
INFSNZ ............................................................................ 315
Initialization Conditions for all Registers ...................... 53–57
Instruction Cycle ................................................................ 66
Clocking Scheme ....................................................... 66
Flow/Pipelining ........................................................... 66
Instruction Set .................................................................. 293
ADDLW .................................................................... 299
ADDWF .................................................................... 299
ADDWF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .................... 341
ADDWFC ................................................................. 300
ANDLW .................................................................... 300
ANDWF .................................................................... 301
BC ............................................................................ 301
BCF ......................................................................... 302
BN ............................................................................ 302
BNC ......................................................................... 303
BNN ......................................................................... 303
BNOV ...................................................................... 304
BNZ ......................................................................... 304
BOV ......................................................................... 307
BRA ......................................................................... 305
BSF .......................................................................... 305
BSF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) .......................... 341
BTFSC ..................................................................... 306
BTFSS ..................................................................... 306
BTG ......................................................................... 307
BZ ............................................................................ 308
CALL ........................................................................ 308
CLRF ....................................................................... 309
CLRWDT ................................................................. 309
COMF ...................................................................... 310
CPFSEQ .................................................................. 310
CPFSGT .................................................................. 311
CPFSLT ................................................................... 311
DAW ........................................................................ 312
DCFSNZ .................................................................. 313
DECF ....................................................................... 312
DECFSZ .................................................................. 313
Extended Instructions .............................................. 335
Considerations when Enabling ........................ 340
Syntax .............................................................. 335
Use with MPLAB IDE Tools ............................. 342
General Format ........................................................ 295
GOTO ...................................................................... 314
INCF ........................................................................ 314
INCFSZ .................................................................... 315
INFSNZ .................................................................... 315
IORLW ..................................................................... 316
IORWF ..................................................................... 316
LFSR ....................................................................... 317
MOVF ...................................................................... 317
MOVFF .................................................................... 318
MOVLB .................................................................... 318
MOVLW ................................................................... 319
MOVWF ................................................................... 319
MULLW .................................................................... 320
MULWF .................................................................... 320
NEGF ....................................................................... 321
NOP ......................................................................... 321
Opcode Field Descriptions ....................................... 294
Boundaries Based on Operation ........................88
Table Pointer Boundaries ..........................................88
Table Reads and Table Writes ..................................85
Write Sequence .........................................................91
Writing ........................................................................91
Unexpected Termination ....................................93
Write Verify ........................................................93
FSCM. See Fail-Safe Clock Monitor.
G
GOTO ...............................................................................314
H
Hardware Multiplier ..........................................................107
Introduction ..............................................................107
Operation .................................................................107
Hardware Various Multiply
Performance Comparisons ......................................107
I
I/O Ports ...........................................................................125
Pin Capabilities ........................................................125
I C Mode (MSSP)
2
Acknowledge Sequence Timing ...............................232
Associated Registers ...............................................238
Baud Rate Generator ...............................................225
Bus Collision
During a Repeated Start Condition ..................236
During a Stop Condition ...................................237
Clock Arbitration .......................................................226
Clock Stretching .......................................................218
10-Bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) .............218
10-Bit Slave Transmit Mode .............................218
7-Bit Slave Receive Mode (SEN = 1) ...............218
7-Bit Slave Transmit Mode ...............................218
Clock Synchronization and the CKP bit ...................219
Effects of a Reset .....................................................233
General Call Address Support .................................222
2
I C Clock Rate w/BRG .............................................225
Master Mode ............................................................223
Operation .........................................................224
Reception .........................................................229
Repeated Start Condition Timing .....................228
Start Condition Timing .....................................227
Transmission ....................................................229
Multi-Master Communication, Bus Collision
and Arbitration ..................................................233
Multi-Master Mode ...................................................233
Operation .................................................................209
Read/Write Bit Information (R/W Bit) ............... 209, 211
Registers ..................................................................203
Serial Clock (RC3/SCKx/SCLx) ...............................211
Slave Mode ..............................................................209
Addressing .......................................................209
Reception .........................................................211
Transmission ....................................................211
Sleep Operation .......................................................233
Stop Condition Timing ..............................................232
INCF .................................................................................314
INCFSZ ............................................................................315
In-Circuit Debugger ..........................................................292
DS39663F-page 398
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
POP ......................................................................... 322
PUSH ....................................................................... 322
RCALL ..................................................................... 323
RESET ..................................................................... 323
RETFIE .................................................................... 324
RETLW .................................................................... 324
RETURN .................................................................. 325
RLCF ........................................................................ 325
RLNCF ..................................................................... 326
RRCF ....................................................................... 326
RRNCF .................................................................... 327
SETF ........................................................................ 327
SETF (Indexed Literal Offset Mode) ........................ 341
SLEEP ..................................................................... 328
Standard Instructions ............................................... 293
SUBFWB .................................................................. 328
SUBLW .................................................................... 329
SUBWF .................................................................... 329
SUBWFB .................................................................. 330
SWAPF .................................................................... 330
TBLRD ..................................................................... 331
TBLWT ..................................................................... 332
TSTFSZ ................................................................... 333
XORLW .................................................................... 333
XORWF .................................................................... 334
Microchip Internet Web Site ............................................. 405
MOVF .............................................................................. 317
MOVFF ............................................................................ 318
MOVLB ............................................................................ 318
MOVLW ........................................................................... 319
MOVSF ............................................................................ 337
MOVSS ............................................................................ 338
MOVWF ........................................................................... 319
MPLAB ASM30 Assembler, Linker, Librarian .................. 344
MPLAB ICD 2 In-Circuit Debugger .................................. 345
MPLAB ICE 2000 High-Performance Universal
In-Circuit Emulator ................................................... 345
MPLAB Integrated Development
Environment Software ............................................. 343
MPLAB PM3 Device Programmer ................................... 345
MPLAB REAL ICE In-Circuit Emulator System ............... 345
MPLINK Object Linker/MPLIB Object Librarian ............... 344
MSSP
ACK Pulse ....................................................... 209, 211
Control Registers (general) ..................................... 193
2
2
I C Mode. See I C Mode.
Module Overview ..................................................... 193
SPI Master/Slave Connection .................................. 197
TMR4 Output for Clock Shift .................................... 168
MULLW ............................................................................ 320
MULWF ............................................................................ 320
INTCON Register
RBIF Bit .................................................................... 128
INTCON Registers ........................................................... 111
Inter-Integrated Circuit. See I C.
N
2
NEGF ............................................................................... 321
NOP ................................................................................. 321
Notable Differences Between PIC18F8722
Internal Oscillator Block ..................................................... 34
Internal RC Oscillator
and PIC18F87J10 Families ..................................... 391
Oscillator Options .................................................... 392
Peripherals .............................................................. 392
Power Requirements ............................................... 392
Use with WDT .......................................................... 287
Internal Voltage Reference Specifications ....................... 361
Internet Address ............................................................... 405
Interrupt Sources ............................................................. 281
A/D Conversion Complete ....................................... 265
Capture Complete (CCP) ......................................... 171
Compare Complete (CCP) ....................................... 172
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) .............................. 128
TMR0 Overflow ........................................................ 153
TMR1 Overflow ........................................................ 155
TMR2 to PR2 Match (PWM) .................................... 181
TMR3 Overflow ................................................ 163, 165
TMR4 to PR4 Match ................................................ 168
TMR4 to PR4 Match (PWM) .................................... 167
Interrupts .......................................................................... 109
During Context Saving ............................................. 124
INTx Pin ................................................................... 124
PORTB, Interrupt-on-Change .................................. 124
TMR0 ....................................................................... 124
Interrupts, Flag Bits
O
Oscillator Configuration ..................................................... 31
EC .............................................................................. 31
ECPLL ....................................................................... 31
HS .............................................................................. 31
HS Modes .................................................................. 31
HSPLL ....................................................................... 31
INTRC ........................................................................ 31
Oscillator Selection .......................................................... 281
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ......................................... 37
Oscillator Switching ........................................................... 34
Oscillator Transitions ......................................................... 35
Oscillator, Timer1 ..................................................... 155, 165
Oscillator, Timer3 ............................................................. 163
P
Interrupt-on-Change (RB7:RB4) Flag (RBIF Bit) ..... 128
IORLW ............................................................................. 316
IORWF ............................................................................. 316
IPR Registers ................................................................... 120
Packaging ........................................................................ 385
Details ...................................................................... 386
Marking .................................................................... 385
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) ................................................. 148
Associated Registers ............................................... 150
PORTD .................................................................... 148
RE0/RD Pin ............................................................. 148
RE1/WR Pin ............................................................ 148
RE2/CS Pin ............................................................. 148
Select (PSPMODE Bit) ............................................ 148
PICSTART Plus Development Programmer .................... 346
PIE Registers ................................................................... 117
L
LFSR ................................................................................ 317
M
Master Clear (MCLR) ......................................................... 49
Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP). See MSSP.
Memory Organization ......................................................... 59
Data Memory ............................................................. 68
Program Memory ....................................................... 59
Memory Programming Requirements .............................. 360
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 399
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
Pin Functions
RF2/AN7/C1OUT ................................................. 15, 22
RF3/AN8 .............................................................. 15, 22
RF4/AN9 .............................................................. 15, 22
RF5/AN10/CVREF ................................................ 15, 22
RF6/AN11 ............................................................ 15, 22
RF7/SS1 .............................................................. 15, 22
RG0/ECCP3/P3A ................................................. 16, 23
RG1/TX2/CK2 ...................................................... 16, 23
RG2/RX2/DT2 ...................................................... 16, 23
RG3/CCP4/P3D ................................................... 16, 23
RG4/CCP5/P1D ................................................... 16, 23
RH0/A16 .................................................................... 24
RH1/A17 .................................................................... 24
RH2/A18 .................................................................... 24
RH3/A19 .................................................................... 24
RH4/AN12/P3C .......................................................... 24
RH5/AN13/P3B .......................................................... 24
RH6/AN14/P1C .......................................................... 24
RH7/AN15/P1B .......................................................... 24
RJ0/ALE .................................................................... 25
RJ1/OE ...................................................................... 25
RJ2/WRL ................................................................... 25
RJ3/WRH ................................................................... 25
RJ4/BA0 .................................................................... 25
RJ5/CE ...................................................................... 25
RJ6/LB ....................................................................... 25
RJ7/UB ...................................................................... 25
VDD ............................................................................ 16
VDD ............................................................................ 25
VDDCORE/VCAP ..................................................... 16, 25
VSS ............................................................................ 16
VSS ............................................................................ 25
Pinout I/O Descriptions
AVDD ..........................................................................16
AVDD ..........................................................................25
AVSS ..........................................................................16
AVSS ..........................................................................25
ENVREG .............................................................. 16, 25
MCLR ................................................................... 10, 17
OSC1/CLKI .......................................................... 10, 17
OSC2/CLKO ........................................................ 10, 17
RA0/AN0 .............................................................. 10, 17
RA1/AN1 .............................................................. 10, 17
RA2/AN2/VREF- .................................................... 10, 17
RA3/AN3/VREF+ ................................................... 10, 17
RA4/T0CKI ........................................................... 10, 17
RA5/AN4 .............................................................. 10, 17
RB0/INT0/FLT0 .................................................... 11, 18
RB1/INT1 ............................................................. 11, 18
RB2/INT2 ............................................................. 11, 18
RB3/INT3 ...................................................................11
RB3/INT3/ECCP2/P2A ..............................................18
RB4/KBI0 ............................................................. 11, 18
RB5/KBI1 ............................................................. 11, 18
RB6/KBI2/PGC .................................................... 11, 18
RB7/KBI3/PGD .................................................... 11, 18
RC0/T1OSO/T13CKI ...........................................12, 19
RC1/T1OSI/ECCP2/P2A ...................................... 12, 19
RC2/ECCP1/P1A ................................................. 12, 19
RC3/SCK1/SCL1 ................................................. 12, 19
RC4/SDI1/SDA1 .................................................. 12, 19
RC5/SDO1 ........................................................... 12, 19
RC6/TX1/CK1 ...................................................... 12, 19
RC7/RX1/DT1 ...................................................... 12, 19
RD0/AD0/PSP0 ..........................................................20
RD0/PSP0 ..................................................................13
RD1/AD1/PSP1 ..........................................................20
RD1/PSP1 ..................................................................13
RD2/AD2/PSP2 ..........................................................20
RD2/PSP2 ..................................................................13
RD3/AD3/PSP3 ..........................................................20
RD3/PSP3 ..................................................................13
RD4/AD4/PSP4/SDO2 ...............................................20
RD4/PSP4/SDO2 .......................................................13
RD5/AD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2 ......................................20
RD5/PSP5/SDI2/SDA2 ..............................................13
RD6/AD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2 .....................................20
RD6/PSP6/SCK2/SCL2 .............................................13
RD7/AD7/PSP7/SS2 ..................................................20
RD7/PSP7/SS2 ..........................................................13
RE0/AD8/RD/P2D ......................................................21
RE0/RD/P2D ..............................................................14
RE1/AD9/WR/P2C .....................................................21
RE1/WR/P2C .............................................................14
RE2/AD10/CS/P2B ....................................................21
RE2/CS/P2D ..............................................................14
RE3/AD11/P3C ..........................................................21
RE3/P3C ....................................................................14
RE4/AD12/P3B ..........................................................21
RE4/P3B ....................................................................14
RE5/AD13/P1C ..........................................................21
RE5/P1C ....................................................................14
RE6/AD14/P1B ..........................................................21
RE6/P1B ....................................................................14
RE7/AD15/ECCP2/P2A .............................................21
RE7/ECCP2/P2A .......................................................14
RF1/AN6/C2OUT ................................................. 15, 22
PIC18F6XJ10/6XJ15 ................................................. 10
PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15 ................................................. 17
Pins
ENVREG ................................................................... 29
External Oscillator ...................................................... 30
ICSP .......................................................................... 29
Master Clear (MCLR .................................................. 28
Power Supply ............................................................ 28
VCAP/VDDCORE ........................................................... 29
PIR Registers ................................................................... 114
PLL .................................................................................... 33
ECPLL Oscillator Mode ............................................. 33
HSPLL Oscillator Mode ............................................. 33
POP ................................................................................. 322
POR. See Power-on Reset.
PORTA
Associated Registers ............................................... 127
LATA Register ......................................................... 126
PORTA Register ...................................................... 126
TRISA Register ........................................................ 126
PORTB
Associated Registers ............................................... 130
LATB Register ......................................................... 128
PORTB Register ...................................................... 128
RB7:RB4 Interrupt-on-Change Flag (RBIF Bit) ........ 128
TRISB Register ........................................................ 128
PORTC
Associated Registers ............................................... 133
LATC Register ......................................................... 131
PORTC Register ...................................................... 131
RC3/SCKx/SCLx Pin ............................................... 211
TRISC Register ........................................................ 131
DS39663F-page 400
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
PORTD
Associated Registers ............................................... 136
PRI_RUN Mode ................................................................. 40
Program Counter ............................................................... 63
PCL, PCH and PCU Registers .................................. 63
PCLATH and PCLATU Registers .............................. 63
Program Memory
LATD Register ......................................................... 134
PORTD Register ...................................................... 134
TRISD Register ........................................................ 134
PORTE
Extended Instruction Set ........................................... 81
Flash Configuration Words ........................................ 60
Hard Memory Vectors ................................................ 60
Instructions ................................................................ 67
Two-Word .......................................................... 67
Interrupt Vector .......................................................... 60
Look-up Tables .......................................................... 65
Memory Maps ............................................................ 59
Hard Vectors and Configuration Words ............. 60
Modes
Analog Port Pins ...................................................... 148
Associated Registers ............................................... 139
LATE Register .......................................................... 137
PORTE Register ...................................................... 137
PSP Mode Select (PSPMODE Bit) .......................... 148
RE0/RD Pin .............................................................. 148
RE1/WR Pin ............................................................. 148
RE2/CS Pin .............................................................. 148
TRISE Register ........................................................ 137
PORTF
Extended Microcontroller ................................... 61
Extended Microcontroller (Address Shifting) ..... 62
Memory Access (table) ...................................... 62
Microcontroller ................................................... 61
Modes (PIC18F8XJ10/8XJ15) ................................... 61
Reset Vector .............................................................. 60
Program Verification and Code Protection ...................... 292
Programming, Device Instructions ................................... 293
PSP.See Parallel Slave Port.
Associated Registers ............................................... 141
LATF Register .......................................................... 140
PORTF Register ...................................................... 140
TRISF Register ........................................................ 140
PORTG
Associated Registers ............................................... 143
LATG Register ......................................................... 142
PORTG Register ...................................................... 142
TRISG Register ........................................................ 142
Pulse-Width Modulation. See PWM (CCP Module)
and PWM (ECCP Module).
PORTH
Associated Registers ............................................... 145
LATH Register ......................................................... 144
PORTH Register ...................................................... 144
TRISH Register ........................................................ 144
PUSH ............................................................................... 322
PUSH and POP Instructions .............................................. 64
PUSHL ............................................................................. 338
PWM (CCP Module)
PORTJ
Associated Registers ............................................... 176
Duty Cycle ............................................................... 174
Example Frequencies/Resolutions .......................... 175
Operation Setup ...................................................... 175
Period ...................................................................... 174
PR2/PR4 Registers ................................................. 174
TMR2 (TMR4) to PR2 (PR4) Match ........................ 174
TMR2 to PR2 Match ................................................ 181
TMR4 to PR4 Match ................................................ 167
PWM (ECCP Module) ...................................................... 181
CCPR1H:CCPR1L Registers .................................. 181
Direction Change in Full-Bridge Output Mode ......... 186
Duty Cycle ............................................................... 182
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 191
Enhanced PWM Auto-Shutdown ............................. 188
Example Frequencies/Resolutions .......................... 182
Full-Bridge Application Example .............................. 186
Full-Bridge Mode ..................................................... 185
Half-Bridge Mode ..................................................... 184
Half-Bridge Output Mode Applications Example ..... 184
Output Configurations .............................................. 182
Output Relationships (Active-High) ......................... 183
Output Relationships (Active-Low) .......................... 183
Period ...................................................................... 181
Programmable Dead-Band Delay ............................ 188
Setup for PWM Operation ....................................... 191
Start-up Considerations ........................................... 189
Associated Registers ............................................... 147
LATJ Register .......................................................... 146
PORTJ Register ....................................................... 146
TRISJ Register ......................................................... 146
Power-Managed Modes ..................................................... 39
and EUSART Operation ........................................... 243
and SPI Operation ................................................... 201
Clock Transitions and Status Indicators ..................... 40
Entering ...................................................................... 39
Exiting Idle and Sleep Modes .................................... 45
By Interrupt ........................................................ 45
By Reset ............................................................ 45
By WDT Time-out .............................................. 45
Without an Oscillator Start-up Delay .................. 45
Idle Modes ................................................................. 43
PRI_IDLE ........................................................... 44
RC_IDLE ............................................................ 45
SEC_IDLE ......................................................... 44
Multiple Sleep Commands ......................................... 40
Run Modes ................................................................. 40
PRI_RUN ........................................................... 40
RC_RUN ............................................................ 42
SEC_RUN .......................................................... 40
Selecting .................................................................... 39
Sleep Mode ................................................................ 43
Summary (table) ........................................................ 39
Power-on Reset (POR) ...................................................... 49
Power-up Delays ................................................................ 37
Power-up Timer (PWRT) ............................................. 37, 50
Time-out Sequence .................................................... 50
Prescaler
Q
Q Clock .................................................................... 175, 182
R
RAM. See Data Memory.
Timer2 ...................................................................... 182
Prescaler, Timer0 ............................................................. 153
Prescaler, Timer2 (Timer4) .............................................. 175
PRI_IDLE Mode ................................................................. 44
RC_IDLE Mode .................................................................. 45
RC_RUN Mode .................................................................. 42
RCALL ............................................................................. 323
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 401
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
RCON Register
Reset ................................................................................. 47
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ............................................. 47
MCLR Reset, During Power-Managed Modes .......... 47
MCLR Reset, Normal Operation ................................ 47
Power-on Reset (POR) .............................................. 47
RESET Instruction ..................................................... 47
Stack Full Reset ......................................................... 47
Stack Underflow Reset .............................................. 47
Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset .................................. 47
Resets .............................................................................. 281
Brown-out Reset (BOR) ........................................... 281
Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST) ............................... 281
Power-on Reset (POR) ............................................ 281
Power-up Timer (PWRT) ......................................... 281
RETFIE ............................................................................ 324
RETLW ............................................................................ 324
RETURN .......................................................................... 325
Return Address Stack ........................................................ 63
Return Stack Pointer (STKPTR) ........................................ 64
RLCF ............................................................................... 325
RLNCF ............................................................................. 326
RRCF ............................................................................... 326
RRNCF ............................................................................ 327
Bit Status During Initialization ....................................52
Reader Response ............................................................406
Register File .......................................................................71
Register File Summary ................................................. 73–76
Registers
ADCON0 (A/D Control 0) .........................................261
ADCON1 (A/D Control 1) .........................................262
ADCON2 (A/D Control 2) .........................................263
BAUDCONx (Baud Rate Control) ............................242
CCPxCON (CCPx Control) ......................................169
CCPxCON (ECCPx Control) ....................................177
CMCON (Comparator Control) ................................271
CONFIG1H (Configuration 1 High) ..........................283
CONFIG1L (Configuration 1 Low) ............................283
CONFIG2H (Configuration 2 High) ..........................284
CONFIG2L (Configuration 2 Low) ............................284
CONFIG3H (Configuration 3 High) ..........................285
CONFIG3L (Configuration 3 Low) ......................61, 285
CVRCON (Comparator Voltage
Reference Control) ...........................................277
DEVID1 (Device ID 1) ..............................................286
DEVID2 (Device ID 2) ..............................................286
ECCPxAS (Enhanced CCPx Auto-Shutdown
S
Control) ............................................................189
ECCPxDEL (PWM Dead-Band Delay) .....................188
EECON1 (EEPROM Control 1) ..................................87
INTCON (Interrupt Control) ......................................111
INTCON2 (Interrupt Control 2) .................................112
INTCON3 (Interrupt Control 3) .................................113
IPR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 1) ........................120
IPR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 2) ........................121
IPR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Priority 3) ........................122
MEMCON (External Memory Bus Control) ................96
OSCCON (Oscillator Control) ....................................36
OSCTUNE (PLL Control) ...........................................33
PIE1 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 1) ........................117
PIE2 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 2) ........................118
PIE3 (Peripheral Interrupt Enable 3) ........................119
PIR1 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 1) ...........114
PIR2 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 2) ...........115
PIR3 (Peripheral Interrupt Request (Flag) 3) ...........116
PSPCON (Parallel Slave Port Control) ....................149
RCON (Reset Control) ....................................... 48, 123
RCSTAx (Receive Status and Control) ....................241
SSPxADD (MSSP1 and MSSP2 Address) ..............208
SCKx ................................................................................ 193
SDIx ................................................................................. 193
SDOx ............................................................................... 193
SEC_IDLE Mode ............................................................... 44
SEC_RUN Mode ................................................................ 40
Serial Clock, SCKx .......................................................... 193
Serial Data In (SDIx) ........................................................ 193
Serial Data Out (SDOx) ................................................... 193
Serial Peripheral Interface. See SPI Mode.
SETF ................................................................................ 327
Slave Select (SSx) ........................................................... 193
SLEEP ............................................................................. 328
Sleep
OSC1 and OSC2 Pin States ...................................... 37
Software Simulator (MPLAB SIM) ................................... 344
Special Event Trigger. See Compare (ECCP Module).
Special Features of the CPU ........................................... 281
SPI Mode (MSSP) ........................................................... 193
Associated Registers ............................................... 202
Bus Mode Compatibility ........................................... 201
Clock Speed, Interactions ........................................ 201
Effects of a Reset .................................................... 201
Enabling SPI I/O ...................................................... 197
Master Mode ............................................................ 198
Master/Slave Connection ......................................... 197
Operation ................................................................. 196
Operation in Power-Managed Modes ...................... 201
Serial Clock .............................................................. 193
Serial Data In ........................................................... 193
Serial Data Out ........................................................ 193
Slave Mode .............................................................. 199
Slave Select ............................................................. 193
Slave Select Synchronization .................................. 199
SPI Clock ................................................................. 198
SSPxBUF Register .................................................. 198
SSPxSR Register .................................................... 198
Typical Connection .................................................. 197
SSPOV ............................................................................ 229
2
SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1, I C Mode) ..............205
SSPxCON1 (MSSPx Control 1, SPI Mode) .............195
SSPxCON2 (MSSPx Control 2,
2
I C Master Mode) .............................................206
2
SSPxSTAT (MSSPx Status, I C Mode) ...................204
SSPxSTAT (MSSPx Status, SPI Mode) ..................194
STATUS .....................................................................77
STKPTR (Stack Pointer) ............................................64
T0CON (Timer0 Control) ..........................................151
T1CON (Timer1 Control) ..........................................155
T2CON (Timer2 Control) ..........................................161
T3CON (Timer3 Control) ..........................................163
T4CON (Timer4 Control) ..........................................167
TXSTAx (Transmit Status and Control) ...................240
WDTCON (Watchdog Timer Control) .......................287
RESET .............................................................................323
DS39663F-page 402
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
SSPOV Status Flag ......................................................... 229
SSPxSTAT Register
Timer4 ............................................................................. 167
Associated Registers ............................................... 168
MSSP Clock Shift .................................................... 168
Operation ................................................................. 167
Postscaler. See Postscaler, Timer4.
PR4 Register ........................................................... 167
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer4.
TMR4 Register ........................................................ 167
TMR4 to PR4 Match Interrupt .......................... 167, 168
Timing Diagrams
R/W Bit ............................................................. 209, 211
SSx .................................................................................. 193
Stack Full/Underflow Resets .............................................. 65
SUBFSR .......................................................................... 339
SUBFWB .......................................................................... 328
SUBLW ............................................................................ 329
SUBULNK ........................................................................ 339
SUBWF ............................................................................ 329
SUBWFB .......................................................................... 330
SWAPF ............................................................................ 330
A/D Conversion ....................................................... 382
Asynchronous Reception ......................................... 252
Asynchronous Transmission ................................... 250
Asynchronous Transmission (Back to Back) ........... 250
Automatic Baud Rate Calculation ............................ 248
Auto-Wake-up Bit (WUE) During
Normal Operation ............................................ 253
Auto-Wake-up Bit (WUE) During Sleep ................... 253
Baud Rate Generator with Clock Arbitration ............ 226
BRG Overflow Sequence ........................................ 248
BRG Reset Due to SDAx Arbitration During
Start Condition ................................................. 235
Bus Collision During a Repeated Start
Condition (Case 1) ........................................... 236
Bus Collision During a Repeated Start
Condition (Case 2) ........................................... 236
Bus Collision During a Start Condition
T
Table Pointer Operations (table) ........................................ 88
Table Reads/Table Writes ................................................. 65
TBLRD ............................................................................. 331
TBLWT ............................................................................. 332
Timer0 .............................................................................. 151
Associated Registers ............................................... 153
Operation ................................................................. 152
Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 153
Prescaler .................................................................. 153
Switching Assignment ...................................... 153
Prescaler Assignment (PSA Bit) .............................. 153
Prescaler Select (T0PS2:T0PS0 Bits) ..................... 153
Prescaler. See Prescaler, Timer0.
Reads and Writes in 16-Bit Mode ............................ 152
Source Edge Select (T0SE Bit) ................................ 152
Source Select (T0CS Bit) ......................................... 152
Timer1 .............................................................................. 155
16-Bit Read/Write Mode ........................................... 157
Associated Registers ............................................... 159
Interrupt .................................................................... 158
Low-Power Option ................................................... 157
Operation ................................................................. 156
Oscillator .......................................................... 155, 157
Layout Considerations ..................................... 158
Oscillator, as Secondary Clock .................................. 34
Overflow Interrupt .................................................... 155
Resetting, Using the ECCP
(SCLx = 0) ....................................................... 235
Bus Collision During a Stop
Condition (Case 1) ........................................... 237
Bus Collision During a Stop
Condition (Case 2) ........................................... 237
Bus Collision During Start Condition
(SDAx Only) ..................................................... 234
Bus Collision for Transmit and Acknowledge .......... 233
Capture/Compare/PWM (Including
ECCP Modules) ............................................... 372
CLKO and I/O .......................................................... 366
Clock Synchronization ............................................. 219
Clock/Instruction Cycle .............................................. 66
EUSART Synchronous Receive
Special Event Trigger ...................................... 158
Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ................................. 180
TMR1H Register ...................................................... 155
TMR1L Register ....................................................... 155
Use as a Clock Source ............................................ 157
Use as a Real-Time Clock ....................................... 158
Timer2 .............................................................................. 161
Associated Registers ............................................... 162
Interrupt .................................................................... 162
Operation ................................................................. 161
Output ...................................................................... 162
PR2 Register ............................................................ 181
TMR2 to PR2 Match Interrupt .................................. 181
Timer3 .............................................................................. 163
16-Bit Read/Write Mode ........................................... 165
Associated Registers ............................................... 165
Operation ................................................................. 164
Oscillator .......................................................... 163, 165
Overflow Interrupt ............................................ 163, 165
Special Event Trigger (ECCP) ................................. 165
TMR3H Register ...................................................... 163
TMR3L Register ....................................................... 163
(Master/Slave) ................................................. 381
EUSART Synchronous Transmission
(Master/Slave) ................................................. 381
Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 0) ..................... 373
Example SPI Master Mode (CKE = 1) ..................... 374
Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 0) ....................... 375
Example SPI Slave Mode (CKE = 1) ....................... 376
External Clock (All Modes Except PLL) ................... 364
External Memory Bus for Sleep
(Extended Microcontroller Mode) ............ 102, 104
External Memory Bus for TBLRD
(Extended Microcontroller Mode) ............ 102, 104
Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ........................................... 291
First Start Bit Timing ................................................ 227
Full-Bridge PWM Output .......................................... 185
Half-Bridge PWM Output ......................................... 184
2
I C Acknowledge Sequence .................................... 232
2
I C Bus Data ............................................................ 377
2
I C Bus Start/Stop Bits ............................................ 377
2
I C Master Mode (7 or 10-Bit Transmission) ........... 230
2
I C Master Mode (7-Bit Reception) ......................... 231
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 403
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
2
I C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 0,
Capture/Compare/PWM Requirements
ADMSK = 01001) .............................................215
I C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 0) ..........216
I C Slave Mode (10-Bit Reception, SEN = 1) ..........221
I C Slave Mode (10-Bit Transmission) .....................217
(Including ECCP Modules) .............................. 372
CLKO and I/O Requirements ........................... 366, 368
EUSART Synchronous Receive
Requirements .................................................. 381
EUSART Synchronous Transmission
2
2
2
2
I C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 0,
ADMSK = 01011) .............................................213
I C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 0) ............212
I C Slave Mode (7-Bit Reception, SEN = 1) ............220
I C Slave Mode (7-Bit Transmission) .......................214
Requirements .................................................. 381
Example SPI Mode Requirements
(Master Mode, CKE = 0) .................................. 373
Example SPI Mode Requirements
(Master Mode, CKE = 1) .................................. 374
Example SPI Mode Requirements
(Slave Mode, CKE = 0) .................................... 375
Example SPI Slave Mode Requirements
2
2
2
2
I C Slave Mode General Call Address Sequence
(7 or 10-Bit Addressing Mode) .........................222
2
I C Stop Condition Receive or Transmit Mode ........232
2
Master SSP I C Bus Data ........................................379
2
Master SSP I C Bus Start/Stop Bits ........................379
(CKE = 1) ......................................................... 376
External Clock Requirements .................................. 364
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Read ...............................150
Parallel Slave Port (PSP) Write ...............................149
Program Memory Read ............................................368
Program Memory Write ............................................369
PWM Auto-Shutdown (P1RSEN = 0,
Auto-Restart Disabled) .....................................190
PWM Auto-Shutdown (P1RSEN = 1,
Auto-Restart Enabled) .....................................190
PWM Direction Change ...........................................187
PWM Direction Change at Near
100% Duty Cycle .............................................187
PWM Output ............................................................174
Repeated Start Condition .........................................228
Reset, Watchdog Timer (WDT), Oscillator Start-up
Timer (OST) and Power-up Timer (PWRT) .....370
Send Break Character Sequence ............................254
Slave Synchronization .............................................199
Slow Rise Time (MCLR Tied to VDD,
VDD Rise > TPWRT) ............................................51
SPI Mode (Master Mode) .........................................198
SPI Mode (Slave Mode, CKE = 0) ...........................200
SPI Mode (Slave Mode, CKE = 1) ...........................200
Synchronous Reception (Master Mode, SREN) ......257
Synchronous Transmission ......................................255
Synchronous Transmission (Through TXEN) ..........256
Time-out Sequence on Power-up
2
I C Bus Data Requirements (Slave Mode) .............. 378
2
I C Bus Start/Stop Bits Requirements
(Slave Mode) ................................................... 377
2
Master SSP I C Bus Data Requirements ................ 380
2
Master SSP I C Bus Start/Stop Bits
Requirements .................................................. 379
Parallel Slave Port Requirements ............................ 372
PLL Clock ................................................................ 365
Program Memory Write Requirements .................... 369
Reset, Watchdog Timer, Oscillator Start-up
Timer, Power-up Timer and Brown-out
Reset Requirements ........................................ 370
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock
Requirements .................................................. 371
Top-of-Stack Access .......................................................... 63
TRISE Register
PSPMODE Bit .......................................................... 148
TSTFSZ ........................................................................... 333
Two-Speed Start-up ................................................. 281, 289
Two-Word Instructions
Example Cases .......................................................... 67
TXSTAx Register
BRGH Bit ................................................................. 243
U
Unused I/Os ....................................................................... 30
(MCLR Not Tied to VDD), Case 1 .......................50
Time-out Sequence on Power-up
(MCLR Not Tied to VDD), Case 2 .......................51
Time-out Sequence on Power-up
V
VDDCORE/VCAP Pin .......................................................... 288
Voltage Reference Specifications .................................... 361
Voltage Regulator (On-Chip) ........................................... 288
(MCLR Tied to VDD, VDD Rise < TPWRT) ...........50
Timer0 and Timer1 External Clock ..........................371
Transition for Entry to Idle Mode ................................44
Transition for Entry to SEC_RUN Mode ....................41
Transition for Entry to Sleep Mode ............................43
Transition for Two-Speed Start-up
(INTRC to HSPLL) ...........................................289
Transition for Wake From Idle to Run Mode ..............44
Transition for Wake From Sleep (HSPLL) .................43
Transition From RC_RUN Mode to
W
Watchdog Timer (WDT) ........................................... 281, 287
Associated Registers ............................................... 287
Control Register ....................................................... 287
During Oscillator Failure .......................................... 290
Programming Considerations .................................. 287
WCOL ...................................................... 227, 228, 229, 232
WCOL Status Flag ................................... 227, 228, 229, 232
WWW Address ................................................................ 405
WWW, On-Line Support ...................................................... 4
PRI_RUN Mode .................................................42
Transition from SEC_RUN Mode to
PRI_RUN Mode (HSPLL) ..................................41
Transition to RC_RUN Mode .....................................42
Timing Diagrams and Specifications
X
XORLW ............................................................................ 333
XORWF ........................................................................... 334
AC Characteristics
Internal RC Accuracy .......................................365
DS39663F-page 404
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
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© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 405
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
READER RESPONSE
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PIC18F87J10 Family
DS39663F
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DS39663F-page 406
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
PIC18F87J10 FAMILY
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM
To order or obtain information, e.g., on pricing or delivery, refer to the factory or the listed sales office.
PART NO.
Device
X
/XX
XXX
Examples:
Temperature
Range
Package
Pattern
a)
b)
PIC18F86J10-I/PT 301 = Industrial temp.,
TQFP package, QTP pattern #301.
PIC18F65J15T-I/PT = Tape and reel, Industrial
temp., TQFP package.
Device
PIC18F65J10/65J15/66J10/66J15/67J10(1)
PIC18F85J10/85J15/86J10/86J15/87J10(1)
,
,
PIC18F65J10/65J15/66J10/66J15/67J10T(2)
PIC18F85J10/85J15/86J10/86J15/87J10T(2)
,
Temperature Range
Package
I
= -40°C to +85°C (Industrial)
PT = TQFP (Thin Quad Flatpack)
Pattern
QTP, SQTP, Code or Special Requirements
(blank otherwise)
Note 1:
2:
F
T
=
=
Standard Voltage Range
in tape and reel
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
DS39663F-page 407
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03/26/09
DS39663F-page 408
© 2009 Microchip Technology Inc.
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