CS51031EN8 [ETC]
Voltage-Mode SMPS Controller ; 电压型开关电源控制器\n
| 型号： | CS51031EN8 |
| 厂家： | 
ETC |
| 描述： | Voltage-Mode SMPS Controller
|
| 文件： | 总8页 (文件大小：74K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
CS51031
Fast PFET Buck Controller
Features
Description
The CS51031 is a switching con-
troller for use in DC-DC converters. allows the use of small inductors
The high frequency oscillator
ꢀ
ꢀ
1A Totem Pole Output Driver
High Speed Oscillator (700kHz
max)
It can be used in the buck topology
with a minimum number of exter-
nal components. The CS51031 con-
sists of a VCC monitor for control-
ling the state of the device, 1.0A
power driver for controlling the
gate of a discrete P-channel transis-
tor, fixed frequency oscillator, short
circuit protection timer, pro-
grammable soft start, precision ref-
erence, fast output voltage monitor-
ing comparator, and output stage
driver logic with latch.
and output capacitors, minimizing
PC board area and systems cost.
The programmable soft start
reduces current surges at start up.
The short circuit protection timer
significantly reduces the duty cycle
to approximately 1/ 30 of its cycle
during short circuit conditions.
ꢀ
ꢀ
No Stability Compensation
Required
Lossless Short Circuit
Protection
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
ꢀ
VCC Monitor
2% Precision Reference
Programmable Soft Start
The CS51031 is available in 8 Lead
SO and 8 Lead PDIP plastic pack-
ages.
Wide Ambient Temperature
Range:
Industrial Grade: –40°C to 85°C
Commercial Grade: 0°C to 70°C
Typical Application Diagram
5V - 12V
C
IN
Package Options
47µF
20Ω
8 Lead SO Narrow & PDIP
MP
IRF7416
1
VGATE
1
VC
V
GATE
V
PGnd
COSC
CS
V
C
GATE
MBRS360
VCC
CS
PGnd
D
1
VFB
Gnd
CS
0.1µF
L
RV
10Ω
CC
CS51031
4.7µH
V
C
OSC
CC
CV
CC
C
150pF
OSC
100µF
100
.01µF
R
B
V
V
O
FB
Gnd
3.3V @ 3A
2.5kΩ
C
0.1µF
RR
R
1.5kΩ
A
C
O
100µF × 2
ON Semiconductor
2000 South County Trail, East Greenwich, RI 02818
Tel: (401)885–3600 Fax: (401)885–5786
N. American Technical Support: 800-282-9855
Web Site: www.cherry–semi.com
May, 2000 - Rev. 4
1
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Power Supply Voltage, VCC........................................................................................................................................................20V
Driver Supply Voltage, VC..........................................................................................................................................................20V
Driver Output Voltage, VGATE ...................................................................................................................................................20V
COSC, CS, VFB (Logic Pins) ............................................................................................................................................................6V
Peak Output Current ................................................................................................................................................................. 1.0A
Steady State Output Current ................................................................................................................................................200mA
Operating Junction Temperature, TJ..................................................................................................................................... 150°C
Operating Temperature Range, TA..............................................................................................................................-40° to 85°C
Storage Temperature Range, TS...................................................................................................................................-65 to 150°C
ESD (Human Body Model).........................................................................................................................................................2kV
Lead Temperature Soldering
Wave Solder (through hole styles only) .....................................................................................10 sec. max, 260°C peak
Reflow (SMD styles only) ......................................................................................60 sec. max above 183°C, 230°C peak
Electrical Characteristics: Specifications apply for 4.5 ≤ VCC ≤ 16V, 3V ≤ VC ≤ 16V; Industrial Grade: -40°C < TA < 85°C;
–40°C < TJ < 125°C: Commercial Grade: 0°C < TA < 70°C; 0°C<TJ < 125°C, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
ꢀ Oscillator
TEST CONDITIONS
VFB = 1.2V
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
Frequency
COSC = 470pF
160
200
110
660
83.3
240
kHz
µA
µA
%
Charge Current
Discharge Current
Maximum Duty Cycle
1.4V < VCOSC < 2V
2.7V > VCOSC > 2V
1 – (tOFF/ tON
)
80.0
ꢀ Short Circuit Timer
Charge Current
VFB = 1.0V; CS = 0.1µF; VCOSC = 2V
1V < VCS < 2V
175
40
264
66
325
80
µA
µA
µA
ms
ms
ms
%
Fast Discharge Current
Slow Discharge Current
Start Fault Inhibit Time
Valid Fault Time
2.55V > VCS > 2.4V
2.4V > VCS > 1.5V
4
6
10
0V < VCS < 2.5V
0.70
0.2
9
0.85
0.3
15
1.40
0.45
23
2.6V > VCS > 2.4V
GATE Inhibit Time
Fault Duty Cycle
2.4V > VCS > 1.5V
2.5
3.1
4.6
ꢀ CS Comparator
Fault Enable CS Voltage
Max. CS Voltage
VFB = 1V
2.5
V
V
V
V
V
V
V
FB = 1.5V
2.6
Fault Detect Voltage
Fault Inhibit Voltage
Hold Off Release Voltage
Regulator Threshold
Voltage Clamp
VCS when GATE goes high
2.4
Minimum VCS
VFB = 0V
1.5
0.4
0.7
1.0
VCS = 1.5V
0.725
0.866
1.035
ꢀ VFB Comparators
VCOSC = VCS = 2V
Regulator Threshold Voltage TJ = 25°C (note 1)
TJ = -40 to 125°C
1.225
1.210
1.250
1.250
1.275
1.290
V
V
Fault Threshold Voltage
TJ = 25°C (note 1)
TJ = -40 to 125°C
1.12
1.10
1.15
1.15
1.17
1.19
V
V
Threshold Line Regulation
Input Bias Current
4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 16V
6
1
15
4
mV
µA
VFB = 0V
Voltage Tracking
(Regulator Threshold Voltage -
Fault Threshold Voltage)
70
100
4
120
20
mV
mV
Input Hysteresis Voltage
2
Electrical Characteristics: Specifications apply for 4.5 ≤ VCC ≤ 16V, 3V ≤ VC ≤ 16V; Industrial Grade: -40°C < TA < 85°C;
–40°C < TJ < 125°C: Commercial Grade: 0°C < TA < 70°C; 0°C<TJ < 125°C, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
ꢀ Power Stage
TEST CONDITIONS
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNIT
VCC = VC = 10V; VFB = 1.2V
GATE DC Low Saturation
Voltage
VCOSC = 1V; 200mA Sink
1.2
1.5
1.5
2.1
V
V
GATE DC High Saturation
Voltage
VCOSC = 2.7V; 200mA Source; VC = VGATE
CGATE = 1nF; 1.5V < VGATE < 9V
Rise Time
Fall Time
25
25
60
60
ns
ns
C
GATE = 1nF; 9V > VGATE > 1.5V
ꢀ VCC Monitor
Turn On Threshold
Turn Off Threshold
Hysteresis
4.200
4.085
65
4.400
4.300
130
4.600
V
V
4.515
200
mV
ꢀ Current Drain
ICC
4.5V < VCC < 16V, Gate switching
3V < VC < 16V, Gate non-switching
VCC = 4,
4.5
2.7
500
6.0
4.0
900
mA
mA
µA
IC
Shutdown ICC
Note 1: Guaranteed by design not 100% tested in production.
Package Pin Description
PACKAGE PIN #
PIN SYMBOL
FUNCTION
8 Lead SO Narrow & PDIP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
VGATE
PGnd
COSC
Gnd
VFB
Driver pin to gate of external PFET.
Output power stage ground connection.
Oscillator frequency programming capacitor.
Logic ground.
Feedback voltage input.
VCC
CS
Logic supply voltage.
Soft start and fault timing capacitor.
Driver supply voltage.
VC
3
Block Diagram
VC
VREF
RG
IC
Oscillator
Comparator
VGATE
Flip-Flop
VGATE
COSC
A1
7IC
G1
R
Q
PGnd
VFB
F2
VFB
S
Q
G2
Comparator
-
A6
2.5V
1.5V
1.25V
+
0.7V
VCC
+
Hold
Off
VREF
3.3V
Comp
-
VCC
VCCOK
-
Fault
Comp
1.15V
VREF = 3.3V
+
G4
CS Charge
Sense
Comparator
G3
IT
A4
CS
Comparator
CS
2.3V
A2
R
Q
Q
F1
IT
IT
5
55
G5
S
1.5V
2.5V
Slow Discharge
Flip-Flop
A3
+
Slow Discharge
Comparator
2.4V
Gnd
Figure 1: Block Diagram for CS51031
Circuit Description
At startup, the voltage on all pins is zero. As VCC rises, the
VC voltage along with the internal resistor RG keeps the
PFET off. As VCC and VC continue to rise, the oscillator
capacitor (COSC ) and the Soft Start/ Fault Timing capacitor
(CS) charges via internal current sources. COSC gets
charged by the current source IC and CS gets charged by
the IT source combination described by:
Theory of Operation
Control Scheme
The CS51031 monitors and the output voltage to determine
when to turn on the PFET. If VFB falls below the internal
reference voltage of 1.25V during the oscillator’s charge
cycle, the PFET is turned on and remains on for the dura-
tion of the charge time. The PFET gets turned off and
remains off during the oscillator’s discharge time with the
maximum duty cycle to 80%. It requires 7mV typical, and
20mV maximum ripple on the VFB pin is required to oper-
ate. This method of control does not require any loop sta-
bility compensation.
IT IT
ICS = IT -
+
.
(
)
55
5
The internal Holdoff Comparator ensures that the external
PFET is off until VCS > 0.7V, preventing the GATE flip-flop
(F2) from being set. This allows the oscillator to reach its
operating frequency before enabling the drive output. Soft
start is obtained by clamping the VFB comparator’s (A6)
reference input to approximately 1/ 2 of the voltage at the
CS pin during startup, permitting the control loop and the
output voltage to slowly increase. Once the CS pin charges
above the Holdoff Comparator trip point of 0.7V, the low
feedback to the VFB Comparator sets the GATE flip-flop
during COSC ’s charge cycle. Once the GATE flip-flop is set,
VGATE goes low and turns on the PFET. When VCS exceeds
Startup
The CS51031 has an externally programmable soft start fea-
ture that allows the output voltage to come up slowly, pre-
venting voltage overshoot on the output.
4
Circuit Description: continued
2.4V, the CS charge sense comparator (A4) sets the VFB
Buck Regulator Operation
comparator reference to 1.25V completing the startup
cycle.
L
Q1
VIN
R1
CIN
Lossless Short Circuit Protection
RLOAD
CO
D1
The CS51031 has “lossless” short circuit protection since
there is no current sense resistor required. When the volt-
age at the CS pin (the fault timing capacitor voltage ) reach-
es 2.5V during startup, the fault timing circuitry is enabled.
During normal operation the CS voltage is 2.6V. During a
short circuit or a transient condition, the output voltage
moves lower and the voltage at VFB drops. If VFB drops
below 1.15V, the output of the fault comparator goes high
and the CS51031 goes into a fast discharge mode. The fault
timing capacitor, CS, discharges to 2.4V. If the VFB voltage
is still below 1.15V when the CS pin reaches 2.4V, a valid
fault condition has been detected. The slow discharge com-
parator output goes high and enables gate G5 which sets
the slow discharge flip flop. The Vgate flip flop resets and
the output switch is turned off. The fault timing capacitor
is slowly discharged to 1.5V. The CS51031 then enters a
normal startup routine. If the fault is still present when the
fault timing capacitor voltage reaches 2.5V, the fast and
slow discharge cycles repeat as shown in figure 2.
R2
Control
Feedback
Figure 3. Buck regulator block diagram.
A block diagram of a typical buck regulator is shown in
Figure 3. If we assume that the output transistor is initially
off, and the system is in discontinuous operation, the
inductor current IL is zero and the output voltage is at its
nominal value. The current drawn by the load is supplied
by the output capacitor CO. When the voltage across CO
drops below the threshold established by the feedback
resistors R1 and R2 and the reference voltage VREF, the
power transistor Q1 switches on and current flows through
the inductor to the output. The inductor current rises at a
rate determined by (VIN-VOUT)/ L. The duty cycle (or “on”
time) for the CS51031 is limited to 80%. If output voltage
remains higher than nominal during the entire COSC
change time, the Q1 does not turn on, skipping the pulse.
If the VFB voltage is above 1.15V when CS reaches 2.4V a
fault condition is not detected, normal operation resumes
and CS charges back to 2.6V. This reduces the chance of
erroneously detecting a load transient as a fault condition.
2.6V
S2
2.5V
S2
S1
S2
V
CS
2.4V
S3
S3
S1
S1
S3
S3
1.5V
0V
0V
T
t
t
t
FAULT
START
td1
FAULT
RESTART
td2
START
NORMAL OPERATION
FAULT
V
GATE
1.25V
1.15V
V
FB
Figure 2. Voltage on start capacitor (VGS ), the gate (VGATE ), and in the
feedback loop (VFB), during startup, normal and fault conditions.
Applications Information
1) Duty cycle estimates
CS51031 Design Example
Since the maximum duty cycle D, of the CS51031 is limited
to 80% min., it is necessary to estimate the duty cycle for
the various input conditions over the complete operating
range.
Specifications 12V to 5V, 3A Buck converter
VIN = 12V ±20% (i.e. 14.4V max., 12Vnom., 9.6V min.)
VOUT = 5V ±2%
The duty cycle for a buck regulator operating in a continu-
ous conduction mode is given by:
IOUT = 0.3A to 3A
Output ripple voltage < 50mV max.
Efficiency > 80%
VOUT + VF
D =
VIN - VSAT
fSW = 200kHz
5
Applications Information: continued
where VSAT = Rds(on) × IOUT max. and Rds(on)is the value at
5) Output capacitor
TJ 100°C.
The output capacitor and the inductor form a low pass fil-
ter. The output capacitor should have a low ESL and ESR.
Low impedance aluminum electrolytic, tantalum or organ-
ic semiconductor capacitors are a good choice for an out-
put capacitor. Low impedance aluminum are less expen-
sive. Solid tantalum chip capacitors are available from a
number of suppliers and are the best choice for surface
mount applications.
If VF = 0.60V and VSAT = 0.60V then the above equation
becomes:
5.6
= 0.62
DMAX
=
9
5.6
= 0.40
DMIN
=
The output capacitor limits the output ripple voltage. The
CS51031 needs a maximum of 20mV of output ripple for
the feedback comparator to change state. If we assume that
all the inductor ripple current flows through the output
capacitor and that it is an ideal capacitor (i.e. zero ESR), the
minimum capacitance needed to limit the output ripple to
50mV peak to peak is given by:
13.8
2) Switching frequency and on and off time calculations
Given that fSW = 200kHz and DMAX = 0.80
1
T =
= 5µs
fSW
TON(max) = T × DMAX = 5µs × 0.62 3µs
ON(min) = T × DMIN = 5µs × 0.40 = 2µs
TOFF(max) = TON(min) = 5µs − 2µs = 3µs
∆I
0.6A
C =
=
= 7.5µF
8 × (200 × 103Hz) × (50 × 10-3V)
8 × fSW × ∆V
T
The minimum ESR needed to limit the output voltage rip-
ple to 50mV peak to peak is:
50 × 10-3
∆V
∆I
ESR =
=
= 83mΩ
3) Oscillator Capacitor Selection
0.6A
The switching frequency is set by COSC, whose value is
given by:
The output capacitor should be chosen so that its ESR is
less than 83mΩ.
95 × 10−6
During the minimum off time, the ripple current is 0.4A
and the output voltage ripple will be:
COSC in pF =
30 × 10 3
2
Fsw
3 × 10 6
Fsw
1+
-
Fsw
(
)
(
)
×
× 0.4 = 33mV.
∆V=ESR ∆I = 83mΩ
6) VFB divider
VOUT = 1.25V
4) Inductor selection
The inductor value is chosen for continuous mode opera-
tion down to 0.3Amps.
R1 + R2
R2
R1
= 1.25V
+ 1
(
)
(
)
R2
The ripple current ∆I = 2 × IOUTmin = 2 × 0.3A = 0.6A.
The input bias current to the comparator is 4µA. The resis-
tor divider current should be considerably higher than this
to ensure that there is sufficient bias current. If we choose
the divider current to be at least 250 times the bias current
this permits a divider current of 1mA and simplifies the
calculations.
(VOUT + VD) × TOFF(max)
∆I
5.6V × 3µs
Lmin
=
=
=28µH
0.6A
This is the minimum value of inductor to keep the ripple
current to < 0.6A during normal operation.
5V
= R1 + R2 = 5kΩ
A smaller inductor will result in larger ripple current.
Ripple current at a minimum off time is
1mA
Let R2 = 1K
(VOUT + VF) × TOFF(min)
5.6V × 2µs
Rearranging the divider equation gives:
∆I =
=
=0.4A
LMIN
28µH
VOUT
1.25
5V
R1 = R2
- 1 = 1kΩ
- 1 = 3kΩ
)
)
(
(
1.25
The core must not saturate with the maximum expected
current, here given by:
I
MAX = IOUT + ∆I/ 2 = 3A+0.4A/ 2 = 3.2A
6
Applications Information: continued
7) Divider bypass Capacitor Crr
CS × (2.5V - 1.5V)
tCharge(t)
=
Since the feedback resistors divide the output voltage by a
factor of 4, i.e. 5V/ 1.25V= 4, it follows that the output ripple
is also divided by four. This would require that the output
ripple be at least 60mV (4 × 15mV) to trip the feedback com-
parator. We use a capacitor Crr to act as an AC short .
ICharge
Where ICharge is 264µA typical.
tCharge(t) = CS × 3787
The fault time is given by:
tFault = CS × (3787 + 1515 + 1.5 × 105)
tFault = CS × (1.55 × 105)
The ripple voltage frequency is equal to the switching fre-
quency so we choose Crr = 1nF.
8) Soft start and Fault timing capacitor CS.
For this circuit
CS performs several important functions. First it provides a
delay time for load transients so that the IC does not enter
a fault mode every time the load changes abruptly.
Secondly it disables the fault circuitry during startup, it
also provides soft start by clamping the reference voltage
during startup, allowing it to rise slowly, and, finally it
controls the hiccup short circuit protection circuitry. This
reduces the duty cycle to approximately 0.035 during short
circuit conditions.
tFault = 0.1 × 10-6 × 1.55 × 105 = 15.5µS
A larger value of CS will increase the fault time out time
but will also increase the soft start time.
9) Input Capacitor
The input capacitor reduces the peak currents drawn from
the input supply and reduces the noise and ripple voltage
on the VCC and VC pins. This capacitor must also ensure
that the VCC remains above the UVLO voltage in the event
of an output short circuit. A low ESR capacitor of at least
100µF is good. A ceramic surface mount capacitor should
also be connected between VCC and ground to filter high
frequency noise.
An important consideration in calculating CS is that it’s
voltage does not reach 2.5V (the voltage at which the fault
detect circuitry is enabled) before VFB reaches 1.15V other-
wise the power supply will never start.
If the VFB pin reaches 1.15V, the fault timing comparator
will discharge CS and the supply will not start. For the VFB
voltage to reach 1.15V the output voltage must be at least
4 × 1.15 = 4.6V.
10) MOSFET Selection
The CS51031 drives a P-channel MOSFET. The VGATE pin
swings from Gnd to VC. The type of PFET used depends on
the operating conditions but for input voltages below 7V a
logic level FET should be used.
If we choose an arbitrary startup time of 900µs, the value of
CS is:
A PFET with a continuous drain current (ID) rating greater
than the maximum output current is required.
CS × 2.5V
t Startup
=
ICharge
The Gate-to-Source voltage VGS and the Drain-to Source
Breakdown Voltage should be chosen based on the input
supply voltage.
900µs × 264µA
CSmin =
= 950nF 0.1µF
2.5V
The power dissipation due to the conduction losses is
given by:
The fault time is the sum of the slow discharge time the fast
discharge time and the recharge time. It is dominated by the
slow discharge time.
PD = IOUT2 × RDS(ON) × D where
RDS(ON) is the value at TJ = 100°C.
The first parameter is the slow discharge time, it is the time
for the CS capacitor to discharge from 2.4V to 1.5V and is
given by:
CS × (2.4V - 1.5V)
The power dissipation of the PFET due to the switching loss-
es is given by:
tSlowDischarge(t)
=
IDischarge
PD = 0.5 × VIN × IOUT × (tr ) × fSW
Where IDischarge is 6µA typical.
tSlowDischarge(t) = CS × 1.5 × 105
Where tr = Rise Time.
The fast discharge time occurs when a fault is first detect-
ed. The CS capacitor is discharged from 2.5V to 2.4V.
11) Diode Selection
The flyback or catch diode should be a Schottky diode
because of it’s fast switching ability and low forward volt-
age drop. The current rating must be at least equal to the
maximum output current. The breakdown voltage should
be at least 20V for this 12V application.
CS × (2.5V - 2.4V)
tFastDischarge(t)
=
IFastDischarge
Where I FastDischarge is 66µA typical.
tFastDischarge(t) = CS × 1515
The diode power dissipation is given by:
PD = IOUT × VD × (1 - Dmin
)
The recharge time is the time for CS to charge from 1.5V to
2.5V.
7
Package Specification
PACKAGE THERMAL DATA
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS IN mm (INCHES)
D
Thermal Data
8L SO Narrow
8L PDIP
Lead Count
Metric
English
Max Min
.197 .189
.400 .355
RΘJC
RΘJA
typ
typ
45
52
°C/ W
°C/ W
Max
Min
4.80
9.02
165
100
8 Lead SO Narrow
8 Lead PDIP
5.00
10.16
8 Lead Surface Mount Narrow Body (D); 150 mil wide
8 Lead Plastic DIP (N); 300 mil wide
7.11 (.280)
6.10 (.240)
6.20 (.244)
5.80 (.228)
4.00 (.157)
3.80 (.150)
1.77 (.070)
1.14 (.045)
8.26 (.325)
7.62 (.300)
2.54 (.100) BSC
3.68 (.145)
2.92 (.115)
0.51 (.020)
0.33 (.013)
1.27 (.050) BSC
1.75 (.069) MAX
0.39 (.015)
MIN.
.356 (.014)
.203 (.008)
1.57 (.062)
1.37 (.054)
.558 (.022)
.356 (.014)
Some 8 and 16 lead
packages may have
1/2 lead at the end
of the package.
0.25 (.010)
0.19 (.008)
1.27 (.050)
0.40 (.016)
REF: JEDEC MS-001
D
0.25 (0.10)
0.10 (.004)
All specs are the same.
D
REF: JEDEC MS-012
Ordering Information
Part Number
Temperature Range
Description
CS51031ED8
–40° < TA < 85°C
8 Lead SO Narrow
CS51031EDR8 –40° < TA < 85°C
8 Lead SO Narrow
(tape & reel)
CS51031EN8
CS51031GD8
–40° < TA < 85°C
0° < TA < 70°C
8 Lead PDIP
ON Semiconductor and the ON Logo are trademarks of
Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). ON
Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without
further notice to any products herein. For additional infor-
mation and the latest available information, please contact
your local ON Semiconductor representative.
8 Lead SO Narrow
CS51031GDR8 0° < TA < 70°C
8 Lead SO Narrow
(tape & reel)
CS51031GN8 0° < TA < 70°C
8 Lead PDIP
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2000
8
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