AD1848K [ADI]
Parallel-Port 16-Bit SoundPort Stereo Codec; 并口16位SoundPort立体声编解码器型号: | AD1848K |
厂家: | ADI |
描述: | Parallel-Port 16-Bit SoundPort Stereo Codec |
文件: | 总28页 (文件大小:323K) |
中文: | 中文翻译 | 下载: | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Parallel-Port 16-Bit
SoundPort Stereo Codec
a
AD1848K
supply. It provides a direct, byte-wide interface to both ISA
(“AT ”) and EISA computer buses for simplified implementa-
tion on a computer motherboard or add-in card. T he AD1848K
generates enable and direction controls for IC buffers such as
74_245.
FEATURES
Single-Chip Integrated ∑∆ Digital Audio Stereo Codec
Supports the Microsoft Window s Sound System ®
Multiple Channels of Stereo Input
Analog and Digital Signal Mixing
Program m able Gain and Attenuation
On-Chip Signal Filters
T he AD1848K SoundPort Stereo Codec supports a DMA re-
quest/grant architecture for transferring data with the host com-
puter bus. One or two DMA channels can be supported.
Programmed I/O (PIO) mode is also supported for control
register accesses and for applications lacking DMA control. T wo
input control lines support mixed direct and indirect addressing
of twenty-one internal control registers over this asynchronous
interface.
Digital Interpolation
Analog Output Low -Pass
Sam ple Rates from 5.5 kHz to 48 kHz
68-Lead PLCC and 68-Lead TQFP Packages
Operation from +5 V Supplies
Byte-Wide Parallel Interface to ISA and EISA Buses
Supports One or Tw o DMA Channels and
Program m ed I/ O
External circuit requirements are limited to a minimal number
of low cost support components. Anti-imaging DAC output fil-
ters are incorporated on-chip. Dynamic range exceeds 80 dB
over the 20 kHz audio band. Sample rates from 5.5 kHz to
48 kHz are supported from external crystals.
P RO D UCT O VERVIEW
T he Parallel-Port AD1848K SoundPort® Stereo Codec inte-
grates the key audio data conversion and control functions into
a single integrated circuit. T he AD1848K is intended to provide
a complete, single-chip audio solution for business audio and
multimedia applications requiring operation from a single +5 V
T he Codec includes a stereo pair of ∑∆ analog-to-digital
converters and a stereo pair of ∑∆ digital-to-analog converters.
Inputs to the ADC can be selected from four stereo pairs of
SoundPort is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
(Continued on page 9)
FUNCTIO NAL BLO CK D IAGRAM
DIGITAL
SUPPLY
ANALOG
SUPPLY
CRYSTALS
POWER DOWN
2
2
ANALOG
DIGITAL
L_LINE
R_LINE
OSCILLATORS
L
PLAYBACK REQ
PLAYBACK ACK
CAPTURE REQ
16
16
∑∆ A/D
µ/
A
L
A
W
GAIN
GAIN
CONVERTER
20
dB
L_MIC
R_MIC
P
A
R
A
L
L
E
L
MUX
R
∑∆ A/D
CONVERTER
L_AUX1
R_AUX1
CAPTURE ACK
2
ADR1:0
DATA7:0
CS
DIGITAL
MIX
8
GAIN/ATTEN/MUTE
L
P
∑∆ D/A
CONVERTER
O
R
T
ATTEN/
ANALOG
FILTER
µ/
A
L
∑
L_OUT
R_OUT
∑
INTERPOL
ATTENUATE
ATTENUATE
WR
RD
MUTE
R
A
W
BUS DRIVER
CONTROL
2
∑∆ D/A
CONVERTER
ATTEN/
MUTE
ANALOG
FILTER
∑
INTERPOL
∑
HOST DMA
INTERRUPT
L_AUX2
R_AUX2
CONTROL
REGS
REFERENCE
2.25V
GAIN/ATTEN/MUTE
2
EXTERNAL
CONTROL
REV. 0
Inform ation furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assum ed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringem ents of patents or other rights of third parties
which m ay result from its use. No license is granted by im plication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norw ood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/ 329-4700 Fax: 617/ 326-8703
AD1848K–SPECIFICATIONS
STAND ARD TEST CO ND ITIO NS UNLESS
O TH ERWISE NO TED
DAC Input Conditions
Post-Autocalibrated
0 dB Attenuation
T emperature
25
5.0
°C
V
Digital Supply (VDD
Analog Supply (VCC
Word Rate (FS)
Input Signal
)
)
–2.0 dB Relative to Full Scale
16-Bit Linear Mode
No Output Load
5.0
V
48
1008
kHz
Hz
Mute Off
Analog Output Passband
ADC FFT Size
DAC FFT Size
VIH
VIL
20 Hz to 20 kHz
ADC Input Conditions
Post-Autocalibrated
0 dB Gain
2048
8192
2.4
0.8
2.4
V
V
V
V
–3.0 dB Relative to Full Scale
Line Input
16-Bit Linear Mode
VOH
VOL
0.4
ANALO G INP UT
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Input Voltage (RMS Values Assume Sine Wave Input)
Line
1
V rms
V p-p
V rms
V p-p
V rms
V p-p
kΩ
2.6
2.8
0.1
0.28
1
3.0
0.3
3.0
15
Mic with +20 dB Gain (MGE = 1)
Mic with 0 dB Gain (MGE = 0)
0.26
2.6
20
2.8
Input Impedance
Input Capacitance
pF
P RO GRAMMABLE GAIN AMP LIFIER—AD C
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Step Size (0 dB to 22.5 dB)
(All Steps T ested, –30 dB Input)
PGA Gain Range Span*
1.3
1.5
1.7
dB
21.5
22.5
23.5
dB
AUXILIARY INP UT ANALO G AMP LIFIERS/ATTENUATO RS
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Step Size (+12.0 dB to –33.0 dB)
(All Steps T ested, –14.5 dB Input)
Auxiliary Gain/Attenuation Range Span*
1.3
1.5
1.7
dB
45.5
46.5
47.5
dB
–2–
REV. 0
AD1848K
D IGITAL D ECIMATIO N AND INTERP O LATIO N FILTERS*
Min
Max
Units
Passband
0
0.45
؋
FS ±0.1
0.55
؋
FS ∞
Hz
dB
Hz
Hz
dB
Passband Ripple
T ransition Band
Stopband
Stopband Rejection
Group Delay
0.45
؋
FS 0.55
؋
FS 74
30/FS
0.0
Group Delay Variation Over Passband
µs
ANALO G-TO -D IGITAL CO NVERTERS
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Resolution (No Missing Codes from
±10 LSB Ramp Around Midscale)*
Dynamic Range (–60 dB Input,
16
86
Bits
80
dB
T HD+N Referenced to Full Scale)
T HD+N (Referenced to Full Scale)
0.022
–73
90
%
dB
dB
–77
Signal-to-Intermodulation Distortion*
ADC Crosstalk*
Line Inputs (Input L, Ground R, Read R;
Input R, Ground L, Read L)
Line to MIC (Input LINE, Ground and
Select MIC, Read Both Channels)
Line to AUX1
–80
–80
dB
dB
–80
–80
±5
dB
dB
%
Line to AUX2
Gain Error (Full-Scale Span Relative to Nominal)
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
(Difference of Gain Errors)
±0.5
dB
ADC Offset Error
50
LSBs
D IGITAL-TO -ANALO G CO NVERTERS
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Resolution*
16
87
Bits
dB
Dynamic Range (–60 dB Input,
T HD+N Referenced to Full Scale)
T HD+N (Referenced to Full Scale)
80
0.02
–74
90
±5
±0.5
%
–76
dB
dB
%
Signal-to-Intermodulation Distortion*
Gain Error (Full-Scale Span Relative to Nominal)
Interchannel Gain Mismatch
dB
(Difference of Gain Errors)
DAC Crosstalk* (Input L, Zero R, Measure
R_OUT ; Input R, Zero L, Measure L_OUT )
T otal Out-of-Band Energy*
(Measured from 0.55 × FS to 100 kHz)
Audible Out-of-Band Energy*
–80
–45
–70
dB
dB
dB
(Measured from 0.55 × FS to 22 kHz,
All Selectable Sampling Frequencies)
*Guaranteed Not T ested.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. 0
–3–
AD1848K
D AC ATTENUATO R
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Step Size (0 dB to –34.5 dB)
Step Size (–60 dB to –94.5 dB)*
Output Attenuation Range Span*
1.3
1.0
93.5
1.5
1.5
94.5
1.7
2.0
95.5
dB
dB
dB
ANALO G O UTP UT
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Full-Scale Output Voltage
0.707
2.0
Vrms
V p-p
Ω
kΩ
pF
pF
V
µA
kΩ
dB
1.85
10
2.1
600
Output Impedance
External Load Impedance
Output Capacitance
External Load Capacitance
VREF
15
100
2.40
2.10
2.25
100
4
VREF Current Drive
VREF Output Impedance
Mute Attenuation of 0 dB
Fundamental* (OUT )
Mute Click
–80
5
mV
(| Muted Output Minus Unmuted
Midscale DAC Output| )
SYSTEM SP ECIFICATIO NS
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Peak-to-Peak Frequency Response Ripple*
(Line In to Line Out)
1.0
dB
Differential Nonlinearity*
±1
Bit
Phase Linearity Deviation*
5
Degrees
STATIC D IGITAL SP ECIFICATIO NS
Min
Max
Units
High Level Input Voltage (VIH
Digital Inputs
XT AL1/2I
)
2.4
2.4
–0.3
2.4
(VD+) + 0 3
(VD+) + 0 3
0.8
V
V
V
V
V
µA
Low Level Input Voltage (VIL)
High Level Output Voltage (VOH) at IOH = –2 mA
Low Level Output Voltage (VOL) at IOL = 2 mA
Input Leakage Current
(GO/NOGO T ested)
Output Leakage Current
0.4
10
–10
–10
10
µA
(GO/NOGO T ested)
–4–
REV. 0
AD1848K
TIMING P ARAMETERS (GUARANTEED O VER O P ERATING TEMP ERATURE RANGE AND VD D = VCC = 5.0 V ؎5%)
Min
Max
Units
WR/RD Strobe Width (tST W
WR/RD Rising to WR/RD Falling (tBWND
Write Data Setup to WR Rising (tWDSU
)
110
110
22
30
10
0
10
10
60
0
25
0
15
0
50
50
0
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
ns
)
)
RD Falling to Valid Read Data (tRDDV
)
70
CS Setup to WR/RD Falling (tCSSU
CS Hold from WR/RD Rising (tCSHD
Adr Setup to WR/RD Falling (tADSU
Adr Hold from WR/RD Rising (tADHD
)
)
)
)
DAK Rising to WR/RD Falling (tSUDK1
DAK Falling to WR/RD Rising (tSUDK2
)
)
DAK Setup to WR/RD Falling (tDKSU
Data Hold from RD Rising (tDHD1
Data Hold from WR Rising (tDHD2
DRQ Hold from WR/RD Falling (tDRHD
DAK Hold from WR Rising (tDKHDa
DAK Hold from RD Rising (tDKHDb
)
)
)
20
25
)
)
)
DBEN/DBDIR delay from WR/RD Falling (tDBDL
)
30
P O WER SUP P LY
Min
Max
Units
Power Supply Range – Analog
Power Supply Range – 5 V Digital
Power Supply Current – 5 V Operating
(5 V Supplies, 10 kΩ Load)
4.75
4.75
5.25
5.25
120
V
V
mA
Analog Supply Current – 5 V Operating (10 kΩ Load)
Digital Supply Current – 5 V Operating (10 kΩ Load)
Digital Power Supply Current – Power Down
Analog Power Supply Current – Power Down
Power Dissipation – 5 V Operating
65
55
1
1
600
mA
mA
mA
mA
mW
(Current • Nominal Supplies)
Power Dissipation – Power Down
(Current • Nominal Supplies)
10
mW
Power Supply Rejection (100 mV p-p Signal @ 1 kHz)*
(At Both Analog and Digital Supply Pins, Both ADCs
and DACs)
40
dB FS
CLO CK SP ECIFICATIO NS*
Min
Max
Units
Input Clock Frequency
Recommended Clock Duty Cycle T olerance
Initialization T ime
27
±10
MHz
%
16.9344 MHz Crystal Selected
24.576 MHz Crystal Selected
70
90
ms
ms
*Guaranteed, not tested
Specifications subject to change without notice.
REV. 0
–5–
AD1848K
O RD ERING GUID E
ABSO LUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
Min Max
Units
Tem perature
Range
P ackage
D escription
P ackage
O ption
Power Supplies
Model
Digital (VDD
Analog (VCC
)
)
–0.3 6.0
–0.3 6.0
V
V
AD1848KP
AD1848KST
–40°C to +85°C 68-Lead PLCC P-68A
–40°C to +85°C 64-Lead T QFP ST -64
Input Current
(Except Supply Pins)
±10.0
mA
V
V
°C
°C
Analog Input Voltage (Signal Pins) –0.3 (VA+) + 0.3
Digital Input Voltage (Signal Pins) –0.3 (VD+) + 0.3
Ambient T emperature (Operating) –40 +85
Storage T emperature
–65 +150
ESD T olerance (Human Body
Model per Method 3015.2
of MIL-ST D-883B)
1000
V
*Stresses greater than those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause
permanent damage to the device. T his is a stress rating only and functional
operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in
the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
CAUTIO N
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the AD1848K features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may
occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. T herefore, proper ESD
precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
68-Lead P lastic Leaded Chip Carrier P inout
64-Lead Thin Quad Flatpack P inout
64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61
10
60 RD
59 CS
ADR0
ADR0
CDAK
CDRQ
PDAK
PDRQ
1
2
3
48
WR
CDAK 11
47 RD
46 CS
12
XCTL1
58
CDRQ
13
57 INT
56
PDAK
4
5
45
XCTL1
PDRQ 14
V
XCTL0
44 INT
43 XCTL0
42 NC
V
55
54
15
16
17
18
NC
V
DD
V
6
7
DD
GNDD
DD
GNDD
XTAL1I
XTAL1O
53
AD1848K
TOP VIEW
GNDD
XTAL1I
8
41
DD
AD1848K
TOP VIEW
XTAL1O
52 NC
51
50 NC
49
48 NC
9
40 GNDD
V
NC
19
20
21
22
V
DD
10
11
NC
NC
NC
V
39
38
37
36
35
DD
GNDD
XTAL2I
XTAL2O
GNDD
NC
XTAL2I 12
XTAL2O
13
DD
47
46
45
44
PWRDWN 23
NC
NC
PWRDWN
14
GNDD
V
24
25
26
DD
GNDD
R_FILT
V
15
16
34 R_AUX2
33
DD
V
DD
GNDD
R_AUX1
GNDD
40 41 42 43
27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
NC = NO CONNECT
NC = NO CONNECT
–6–
REV. 0
AD1848K
P IN D ESCRIP TIO N
P ar allel Inter face
P in Nam e
P LCC
TQFP
I/O
D escription
CDRQ
12
3
O
Capture Data Request. T he assertion of this signal indicates that the Codec has a cap-
tured audio sample from the ADC ready for transfer. T his signal will remain asserted un-
til all the bytes from the capture buffer have been transferred.
CDAK
11
14
2
5
I
Capture Data Acknowledge. T he assertion of this active LO signal indicates that the RD
cycle occurring is a DMA read from the capture buffer.
PDRQ
O
Playback Data Request. T he assertion of this signal indicates that the Codec is ready for
more DAC playback data. T he signal will remain asserted until all the bytes needed for a
playback sample have been transferred.
PDAK
13
4
I
I
Playback Data Acknowledge. T he assertion of this active LO signal indicates that the WR
cycle occurring is a DMA write to the playback buffer.
ADR1:0
9 & 10
1 & 64
Codec Addresses. T hese address pins are asserted by the Codec interface logic during a
control register/PIO access. T he state of these address lines determine which register is
accessed.
RD
WR
60
61
59
47
48
46
I
I
I
Read Command Strobe. T his active LO signal defines a read cycle from the Codec. T he
cycle may be a read from the control/PIO registers, or the cycles could be a read from the
Codec’s DMA sample registers.
Write Command Strobe. T his active LO signal indicates a write cycle to the Codec. T he
cycle may be a write to the control/PIO registers, or the cycle could be a write to the
Codec’s DMA sample registers.
CS
AD1848K Chip Select. T he Codec will not respond to any control/PIO cycle accesses
unless this active LO signal is LO. T his signal is ignored during DMA transfers.
DAT A7:0
DBEN
3–6 &
65–68
52–55 & I/O
58–61
Data Bus. T hese pins transfer data and control information between the Codec and the
host.
63
50
O
Data Bus Enable. T his pin enables the external bus drivers. T his signal is normally HI.
For control register/PIO cycles,
DBEN = (WR or RD) and CS
For DMA cycles,
DBEN = (WR or RD) and (PDAK or CDAK)
DBDIR
62
49
O
Data Bus Direction. T his pin controls the direction of the data bus transceiver. HI
enables writes from the host to the AD1848K; LO enables reads from the AD1848K to
the host bus. T his signal is normally HI.
For control register/PIO cycles,
DBDIR = RD and CS
For DMA cycles,
DBDIR = RD and (PDAK or CDAK)
REV. 0
–7–
AD1848K
Analog Signals
P in Nam e
P LCC
TQFP
I/O
D escription
L_LINE
R_LINE
L_MIC
30
27
29
21
18
20
I
I
I
Left Line Input. Line level input for the left channel.
Right Line Input. Line level input for the right channel.
Left Microphone Input. Microphone input for the left channel. T his signal
can be either line level or –20 dB from line level.
R_MIC
28
19
I
Right Microphone Input. Microphone input for the right channel. T his
signal can be either line level or –20 dB from line level.
L_AUX1
R_AUX1
L_AUX2
R_AUX2
L_OUT
39
42
38
43
40
41
30
33
29
34
31
32
I
Left Auxiliary # 1 Line Input
Right Auxiliary # 1 Line Input
Left Auxiliary # 2 Line Input
Right Auxiliary # 2 Line Input
Left Line Level Output
I
I
I
O
O
R_OUT
Right Line Level Output
Miscellaneous
P in Nam e
P LCC
TQFP
I/O
D escription
XT AL1I
17
18
21
22
23
8
I
24.576 MHz Crystal # 1 Input
24.576 MHz Crystal # 1 Output
16.9344 MHz Crystal # 2 Input
16.9344 MHz Crystal # 2 Output
XT AL1O
XT AL2I
9
O
I
12
13
14
XT AL2O
PWRDWN
O
I
Power-Down Signal. Active LO control places AD1848K in its lowest
power consumption mode. All sections of the AD1848K, including the
digital interface, are shut down and consume minimal power.
INT
57
44
O
O
Host Interrupt Pin. T his signal is used to notify the host that the DMA
Current Count Register has underflowed.
XCT L1:O
56 & 58
43 & 45
External Control. T hese signals reflect the current status of register bits
inside the AD1848K. T hey can be used for signaling or to control external
logic.
VREF
32
23
O
Voltage Reference. Nominal 2.25 volt reference available for dc-coupling
and level-shifting. VREF should not be used where it will sink or source
current.
V
REF_F
33
24
I
I
I
Voltage Reference Filter. Voltage reference filter point for external
bypassing only.
L_FILT
R_FILT
N/C
31
22
Left Channel Filter Input. T his pin requires a 1.0 µF capacitor to analog
ground for proper operation.
26
17
Right Channel Filter Input. T his pin requires a 1.0 µF capacitor to analog
ground for proper operation.
46–52, 55
37–39, 42
No Connect. Do not connect.
P ower Supplies
P in Nam e
P LCC
TQFP
I/O
D escription
VCC
35 & 36
34 & 37
26 & 27
25 & 28
I
I
I
Analog Supply Voltage (+5 V)
Analog Ground
GNDA
VDD
1, 7, 15, 19,
24, 45, 54
6, 10, 15, 36,
41, 56
Digital Supply Voltage (+5 V)
GNDD
2, 8, 16, 20,
25, 44, 53, 64
7, 11, 16, 35,
40, 51, 63
I
Digital Ground
–8–
REV. 0
AD1848K
(Continued from page 1)
+20 dB prior to the PGA to compensate for the voltage swing
difference between line levels and typical condenser micro-
phones. Alternatively, the mic inputs can bypass the +20 dB
fixed gain block and go straight to the input multiplexer.
analog signals: line, microphone (“mic”), auxiliary (“aux”) # 1,
and post-mixed DAC output. T he microphone inputs can pass
through optional 20 dB gain blocks. A software-controlled pro-
grammable gain stage allows independent gain for each channel
going into the ADC. T he ADCs’ output can be digitally mixed
with the DACs’ input.
T he PGA following the input multiplexer allows independent se-
lectable gains for each channel from 0 to 22.5 dB in +1.5 dB
steps. T he Codec can operate either in a global stereo mode or
in a global mono mode with left channel inputs appearing at
both channel outputs.
ADDRESS
DECODE
AEN
18
AD1848K
CS
Analog Mixing
SA19:2
A1
AUX1 and AUX2 analog stereo signals can be mixed in the ana-
log domain with the DAC output. Each channel of each auxil-
iary analog input can be independently gained/attenuated from
+12 dB to –34.5 dB in –1.5 dB steps or completely muted. T he
post mixed DAC output is available on OUT externally and as
an input to the ADCs.
SA1
A0
SA0
WR
IOWC
RD
IORC
7
4
8
8
DATA7:0
DBDIR
DBEN
DATA7:0
DIR
G
Even if the AD1848K is not playing back data from its DACs,
the analog mix function can still be active.
2
4
5
ISA BUS
B
A
Analog-to-D igital D atapath
PDRQ
CDRQ
PDAK
CDAK
INT
DRQ<X>
DRQ<Y>
DAK<X>
DAK<Y>
IRQ<Z>
T he AD1848K ∑∆ ADCs incorporate a fourth order modulator.
A single pole of passive filtering is all that is required for
anti-aliasing the analog input due to the ADC’s high 64 times
oversampling ratio. T he ADCs include linear phase digital deci-
mation filters that low-pass filter the input to 0.45 × FS (“FS” is
the word rate or “sampling frequency.”) ADC input overrange
conditions will cause register bits to be set that can be read.
Figure 1. Interface to ISA Bus
D igital-to-Analog D atapath
T he pair of 16-bit outputs from the ADCs is available over a
byte-wide bidirectional interface that also supports 16-bit digital
input to the DACs and control information. T he AD1848K can
accept and generate 16-bit twos-complement PCM linear digital
data, 8-bit unsigned magnitude PCM linear data, and 8-bit
µ-law or A-law companded digital data.
T he ∑∆ DACs contain a programmable attenuator and a low-
pass digital interpolation filter. T he anti-imaging interpolation
filter nominally oversamples by 64 and digitally filters the higher
frequency images. T he interpolation ratio is increased at low
sample rates to ensure that the shaped quantization noise is
inaudible. T his feature of the AD1848K represents an improve-
ment over the earlier AD1848J. T he attenuator allows indepen-
dent control of each DAC channel from 0 dB to –94.5 dB in
1.5 dB steps plus full mute. T he DACs’ ∑∆ noise shapers also
oversample by 64 and convert the signal to a single bit stream.
T he DAC outputs are then filtered in the analog domain by a
combination of switched-capacitor and continuous-time filters.
T hey remove the very high frequency components of the DAC
bitstream output. No external components are required. Phase
linearity at the analog output is achieved by internally compen-
sating for the group delay variation of the analog output filters.
T he ∑∆ DACs are preceded by a digital interpolation filter. An
attenuator provides independent user volume control over each
DAC channel. Nyquist images and shaped quantization noise
are removed from the DACs’ analog stereo output by on-chip
switched-capacitor and continuous-time filters. T wo stereo pairs
of auxiliary line-level inputs can also be mixed in the analog do-
main with the DAC output.
AUD IO FUNCTIO NAL D ESCRIP TIO N
T his section overviews the functionality of the AD1848K and is
intended as a general introduction to the capabilities of the de-
vice. As much as possible, detailed reference information has
been placed in “Control Registers” and other sections. T he user
is not expected to refer repeatedly to this section.
Changes in DAC output attenuation take effect only on zero
crossings of the digital signal, thereby eliminating “zipper”
noise. Each channel has its own independent zero-crossing de-
tector and attenuator change control circuitry. A timer guarantees
that requested volume changes will occur even in the absence of
an input signal that changes sign. T he time-out period is 8 milli-
seconds at a 48 kHz sampling rate and 48 milliseconds at an
8 kHz sampling rate. (T ime out [ms] ≈ 384/FS [kHz].)
Analog Inputs
T he AD1848K SoundPort Stereo Codec accepts stereo
line-level and mic-level inputs. LINE, MIC, and AUX1 inputs
and post-mixed DAC output analog stereo signals are multi-
plexed to the internal programmable gain amplifier stage
(PGA). Each channel of the mic inputs can be amplified by
REV. 0
–9–
AD1848K
D igital Mixing
On input, 8-bit companded data is expanded to an internal lin-
ear representation, according to whether µ-law or A-law was
specified in the Codec’s internal registers. Note that when µ-law
compressed data is expanded to a linear format, it requires 14
bits. A-law data expanded requires 13 bits.
Stereo digital output from the ADCs can be mixed digitally with
the input to the DACs. Digital output from the ADCs going out
of the data port is unaffected by the digital mix. Along the digi-
tal mix datapath, the 16-bit linear output from the ADCs is
attenuated by an amount specified with control bits. Both chan-
nels of the monitor data are attenuated by the same amount.
(Note that internally the AD1848K always works with 16-bit
PCM linear data, digital mixing included; format conversions
take place at the input and output.)
15
0
0
0
8
7
COMPRESSED
INPUT DATA
MSB
LSB
15
EXPANSION MSB
3/2 2/1
LSB
Sixty-four steps of –1.5 dB attenuation are supported to
–94.5 dB. T he digital mix datapath can also be completely
muted, preventing any mixing of the analog input with the digi-
tal input. Note that the level of the mixed signal is also a func-
tion of the input PGA settings, since they affect the ADCs’
output.
15
MSB
3/2 2/1
LSB
DAC INPUT
0 0 0 / 0 0
Figure 2. A-Law or µ-Law Expansion
T he attenuated digital mix data is digitally summed with the
DAC input data prior to the DACs’ datapath attenuators. T he
digital sum of digital mix data and DAC input data is clipped at
plus or minus full scale and does not wrap around. Because both
stereo signals are mixed before the output attenuators, mix data
is attenuated a second time by the DACs’ datapath attenuators.
When 8-bit companding is specified, the ADCs’ linear output is
compressed to the format specified.
15
MSB
0
ADC OUTPUT
LSB
15
MSB
3/2 2/1
LSB
0
0
In case the AD1848K is capturing data but ADC output data is
not removed in time (“ADC overrun”), then the last sample
captured before overrun will be used for the digital mix. In case
the AD1848K is playing back data but input digital DAC data
fails to arrive in time (“DAC underrun”), then a midscale zero
will be added to the digital mix data.
TRUNCATION
15
MSB
8
7
LSB
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
COMPRESSION
Figure 3. A-Law or µ-Law Com pression
Analog O utputs
A stereo line level output is available at external pins. Each
channel of this output can be independently muted. When
muted, the outputs will settle to a dc value near VREF, the mid-
scale reference voltage.
Note that all format conversions take place at input or output.
Internally, the AD1848K always uses 16-bit linear PCM repre-
sentations to maintain maximum precision.
P ower Supplies and Voltage Refer ence
D igital D ata Types
T he AD1848K operates from +5 V power supplies. Indepen-
dent analog and digital supplies are recommended for optimal
performance though excellent results can be obtained in single
supply systems. A voltage reference is included on the Codec
and its 2.25 V buffered output is available on an external pin
(VREF). T he reference output can be used for biasing op amps
used in dc coupling. T he internal reference must be externally
bypassed to analog ground at the VREF_F pin.
T he AD1848K supports four global data types: 16-bit twos-
complement linear PCM, eight-bit unsigned linear PCM,
companded µ-law, and 8-bit companded A-law, as specified by
control register bits. Data in all four formats is always trans-
ferred MSB first. Eight-bit data is always left justified in 16-bit
fields; said in other words, the MSBs of all data types are always
aligned; in yet other words, full-scale representations in all four
formats correspond to equivalent full-scale signals. T he eight
least significant bit positions of 8-bit data in 16-bit fields are
ignored on input and zeroed on output.
Clocks and Sam ple Rates
T he AD1848K operates from external crystals. T wo crystal in-
puts are provided to generate a wide range of sample rates. T he
oscillators for these crystals are on the AD1848K, as is a multi-
plexer for selecting between them. T hey can be overdriven with
external clocks by the user, if so desired. T he recommended
crystal frequencies are 16.9344 MHz and 24.576 MHz. From
them the following sample rates are divided down: 5.5125,
6.615, 8, 9.6, 11.025, 16, 18.9, 22.05, 27.42857, 32, 33.075,
37.8, 44.1, 48 kHz.
T he 16-bit PCM data format is capable of representing 96 dB of
dynamic range. Eight-bit PCM can represent 48 dB of dynamic
range. Companded µ-law and A-law data formats use nonlinear
coding with less precision for large amplitude signals. T he loss
of precision is compensated for by an increase in dynamic range
to 64 dB and 72 dB, respectively.
–10–
REV. 0
AD1848K
CO NTRO L REGISTERS
Index
Register Nam e
Contr ol Register Ar chitectur e
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Left Input Control
Right Input Control
T he AD1848K SoundPort Stereo Codec accepts both data and
control information through its byte-wide parallel port. Indirect
addressing minimizes the number of external pins required to
access all 21 of its byte-wide internal registers. Only two
external address pins, ADR1:0, are required to accomplish all
data and control transfers. T hese pins select one of five direct
registers. (ADR1:0 = 3 addresses two registers, depending on
whether the transfer is a playback or a capture.)
Left Aux # 1 Input Control
Right Aux # 1 Input Control
Left Aux # 2 Input Control
Right Aux # 2 Input Control
Left Output Control
Right Output Control
Clock and Data Format
Interface Configuration
Pin Control
T est and Initialization
Miscellaneous Information
Digital Mix
Upper Base Count
Lower Base Count
8
9
AD R1:0
Register Nam e
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
1
2
3
Index Address Register
Indexed Data Register
Status Register
PIO Data Registers
Figure 4. AD1848K Direct Register Map
Figure 5. AD1848K Indirect Register Map
A write to or a read from the Indexed Data Register will access
the indirect register which is indexed by the value most recently
written to the Index Address Register. T he Status Register and
the PIO Data Register are always accessible directly, without in-
dexing. T he 16 indirect registers are indexed in Figure 5.
A detailed map of all direct and indirect register contents is
summarized for reference as follows:
Dir ect Register s:
AD R1:0
D ata 7
IN IT
IXD 7
C U /L
C D 7
D ata 6
MCE
IXD 6
CL/R
C D 6
D ata 5
T RD
IXD 5
CRDY
C D 5
D ata 4
res
IXD 4
SOUR
C D 4
P D 4
D ata 3
IXA3
IXD 3
PU /L
C D 3
D ata 2
IXA2
IXD 2
PL/R
C D 2
D ata 1
IXA1
IXD 1
PRDY
C D 1
D ata 0
IXA0
IXD 0
IN T
C D 0
P D 0
0
1
2
3
3
P D 7
P D 6
P D 5
P D 3
P D 2
P D 1
Indir ect Register s:
IXA3:0
D ata 7
LSS1
D ata 6
D ata 5
LM GE
RMGE
res
res
res
D ata 4
res
res
LX1A4
RX1A4
LX2A4
RX2A4
LD A4
RDA4
S/M
D ata 3
LIG 3
RIG 3
LX1A3
RX1A3
LX2A3
RX2A3
LD A3
RDA3
C FS2
ACAL
res
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
LIG 0
RIG 0
LX1A0
RX1A0
LX2A0
RX2A0
LD A0
RDA0
CSS
P EN
res
ORL0
ID 0
D M E
U B0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
LSS0
RSS0
res
res
res
res
res
res
FM T
PPIO
XC T L0
PU R
res
DMA4
U B6
LB6
LIG 2
RIG 2
LX1A2
RX1A2
LX2A2
RX2A2
LD A2
RDA2
C FS1
SD C
res
ORR0
ID 2
DMA0
U B2
LB2
LIG 1
RIG 1
LX1A1
RX1A1
LX2A1
RX2A1
LD A1
RDA1
C FS0
C EN
IEN
ORL1
ID 1
res
U B1
RSS1
LM X1
RMX1
LM X2
RMX2
LD M
RDM
res
CPIO
XC T L1
COR
res
DMA5
U B7
res
LD A5
RDA5
L/C
res
res
ACI
res
DMA3
U B5
LB5
9
res
res
10
11
12
13
14
15
DRS
res
DMA2
U B4
LB4
ORR1
ID 3
DMA1
U B3
LB7
LB3
LB1
LB0
Figure 6. AD1848K Register Sum m ary
Note that the only sticky bit in any of the AD1848K control registers is the interrupt (INT ) bit. All other bits change with every
sample period.
REV. 0
–11–
AD1848K
D ir ect Contr ol Register D efinitions
Index Register (ADR1:0 = 0)
AD R1:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
0
IN IT
MCE
T RD
res
IXA3
IXA2
IXA1
IXA0
IXA3:0
Index Address. T hese bits define the address of the AD1848K register accessed by the Indexed Data Register. T hese bits
are read/write.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
T RD
T ransfer Request Disable. T his bit, when set, causes all data transfers to cease when the Interrupt Status (INT ) bit of
the Status Register is set.
0
T ransfers Enabled During Interrupt. PDRQ and CDRQ pin outputs are generated uninhibited by interrupts.
DMA Current Counter Register decrements with every sample period when either PEN or CEN are enabled.
1
T ransfers Disabled By Interrupt. PDRQ and CDRQ pin outputs are generated only if INT bit is 0 (when either
PEN or CEN, respectively, are enabled). Any pending playback or capture requests are allowed to complete at the
time when T RD is set. After pending requests complete, midscale inputs will be internally generated for the
DACs, and the ADC output buffer will contain the last valid output. Clearing the sticky INT bit (or the T RD bit)
will cause the resumption of playback and/or capture requests (presuming PEN and/or CEN are enabled). T he
DMA Current Counter Register will not decrement while both the T RD bit is set and the INT bit is a one.
MCE
Mode Change Enable. T his bit must be set whenever the current functional mode of the AD1848K is changed. Specifi-
cally, the Clock and Data Format and Interface Configuration registers cannot be changed unless this bit is set. T he
exceptions are CEN and PEN in the Interface Configuration which can be changed “on-the-fly.” MCE should be
cleared at the completion of the desired register changes. T he DAC outputs are automatically muted when the MCE bit
is set. After MCE is cleared, the DAC outputs will be restored to the state specified by the LDM and RDM mute bits.
Both ADCs and DACs are automatically muted for approximately 128 sample cycles after exiting the MCE state to al-
low the reference and all filters to settle. T he ADCs will produce midscale values; the DACs’ analog output will be
muted. All converters are internally operating during these ≈128 sample cycles, and the AD1848K will expect playback
data and will generate (midscale capture data. Note that the autocalibrate-in-process (ACI) bit will be set on exit from
the MCE state regardless of whether or not ACAL was set. ACI will remain HI for these ≈128 sample cycles; system
software should poll this bit rather than count cycles.
Special sequences must be followed if autocalibrate (ACAL) is set or sample rates are changed (CFS2:0 and or CSS)
during mode change enable. See the “Autocalibration” and “Changing Sample Rates” sections below.
INIT
AD1848K Initialization. T his bit is set when the AD1848K is in a state which cannot respond to parallel bus cycles. T his
bit is read only.
Immediately after reset and once the AD1848K has left the INIT state, the initial value of this register will be “0100 0000 (40h).”
During AD1848K initialization, this register cannot be written and is always read “1000 0000 (80h).”
Indexed Da ta Register (ADR1:0 = 1)
AD R1:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
1
IXD 7
IXD 6
IXD 5
IXD 4
IXD 3
IXD 2
IXD 1
IXD 0
IXD7:0
Indexed Register Data. T hese bits contain the contents of the AD1848K register referenced by the Indexed
Data Register.
During AD1848K initialization. this register cannot be written and is always read as “1000 0000 (80h).”
–12–
REV. 0
AD1848K
Sta tus Register (ADR1:0 = 2)
AD R1:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
2
C U /L
CL/R
CRDY
SOUR
PU /L
PL/R
PRDY
IN T
INT
Interrupt Status. T his sticky bit (the only one) indicates the status of the interrupt logic of the AD1848K. T his bit is
cleared by any host write of any value to this register. T he IEN bit of the Pin Control Register determines whether the
state of this bit is reflected on the INT pin of the AD1848K. T he only interrupt condition supported by the AD1848K is
generated by the underflow of the DMA Current Count Register.
0
1
Interrupt pin inactive
Interrupt pin active
PRDY
PL/R
Playback Data Register Ready. T he PIO Playback Data Register is ready for more data. T his bit should only be used
when direct programmed I/O data transfers are desired. T his bit is read only.
0
1
DAC data is still valid. Do not overwrite.
DAC data is stale. Ready for next host data write value.
Playback Left/Right Sample. T his bit indicates whether the PIO playback data needed is for the right channel DAC or
left channel DAC. T his bit is read only.
0
1
Right channel needed
Left channel or mono
PU/L
Playback Upper/Lower Byte. T his bit indicates whether the PIO playback data needed is for the upper or lower byte of
the channel. T his bit is read only.
0
1
Lower byte needed
Upper byte needed or any 8-bit mode
SOUR
CRDY
CL/R
CU/L
Sample Over/Underrun. T his bit indicates that the most recent sample was not serviced in time and therefore either a
capture overrun (COR) or playback underrun (PUR) has occurred. T he bit indicates an overrun for ADC capture and
an underrun for DAC playback. If both capture and playback are enabled, the source which set this bit can be deter-
mined by reading COR and PUR. T his bit changes on a sample-by-sample basis. T his bit is read only.
Capture Data Ready. T he PIO Capture Data Register contains data ready for reading by the host. T his bit should only
be used when direct programmed I/O data transfers are desired. T his bit is read only.
0
1
ADC data is stale. Do not reread the information.
ADC data is fresh. Ready for next host data read.
Capture Left/Right Sample. T his bit indicates whether the PIO capture data waiting is for the right channel ADC or left
channel ADC. T his bit is read only.
0
1
Right channel
Left channel or mono
Capture Upper/Lower Byte. T his bit indicates whether the PIO capture data ready is for the upper or lower byte of the
channel. T his bit is read only.
0
1
Lower byte ready
Upper byte ready or any 8-bit mode
T he PRDY, CRDY, and INT bits of this status register can change asynchronously to host accesses. T he host may access this regis-
ter while the bits are transitioning. T he host read may return a zero value just as these bits are changing, for example. A one value
would not be read until the next host access.
T his registers’s initial state after reset is “1100 1100.”
REV. 0
–13–
AD1848K
PIO Da ta Register s (ADRI :0 = 3)
AD R1:0
D ata 7
C D 7
P D 7
D ata 6
C D 6
P D 6
D ata 5
C D 5
P D 5
D ata 4
C D 4
P D 4
D ata 3
C D 3
P D 3
D ata 2
C D 2
P D 2
D ata 1
C D 1
P D 1
D ata 0
C D 0
P D 0
3
3
T he PIO Data Registers are two registers mapped to the same address. Writes send data to the PIO Playback Data Register (PD7:0).
Reads will receive data from the PIO Capture Data Register (CD7:0).
During AD1848K initialization, the PIO Playback Data Register cannot be written and the Capture Data Register is always read
“1000 0000 (80h).”
CD7:0
PIO Capture Data Register. This is the control register where capture data is read during programmed I/O data transfers.
T he reading of this register will increment the state machine so that the following read will be from the next appropriate
byte in the sample. T he exact byte which is next to be read can be determined by reading the Status Register. Once all
relevant bytes have been read, the state machine will stay pointed to the last byte of the sample until a new sample is re-
ceived from the ADCs. Once this has occurred, the state machine and status register will point to the first byte of the
sample. Until a new sample is received, reads from this register will return the most significant byte of the sample.
PD7:0
PIO Playback Data Register. T his is the control register where playback data is written during programmed I/O data
transfers.
Writing data to this register will increment the playback byte tracking state machine so that the following write will be
to the correct byte of the sample. Once all bytes of a sample have been written, subsequent byte writes to this port are
ignored. T he state machine is reset when the current sample is sent to the DACs.
Indir ect Contr ol Register D efinitions
T he following control registers are accessed by writing index values to IXA3:0 in the Index Address Register (ADR1:0 = 0) followed
by a read/write to the Indexed Data Register (ADR1:0 = 1).
Left Input Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 0)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
0
LSS1
LSS0
LM GE
res
LIG 3
LIG 2
LIG 1
LIG 0
LIG3:0
Left Input Gain Select. T he least significant bit of this gain select represents +1.5 dB. Maximum gain is +22.5 dB.
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
res
LMGE
LSS1:0
Left Input Microphone Gain Enable. Setting this bit will enable the +20 dB gain of the left mic input signal.
Left Input Source Select. T hese bits select the input source for the left gain stage preceding the left ADC.
0
1
2
3
Left Line Source Selected
Left Auxiliary 1 Source Selected
Left Microphone Source Selected
Left Line Post-Mixed DAC Output Source Selected
T his register’s initial state after reset is “0000 0000.”
–14–
REV. 0
AD1848K
Right Input Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 1)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
1
RSS1
RSS0
RMGE
res
RIG 3
RIG 2
RIG 1
RIG 0
RIG3:0
Right Input Gain Select. T he least significant bit of this gain select represents +1.5 dB. Maximum gain is +22.5 dB.
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
res
RMGE
RSS1:0
Right Input Mic Gain Enable. Setting this bit will enable the +20 dB gain of the right mic input signal.
Right Input Source Select. T hese bits select the input source for the right channel gain stage preceding the right ADC.
0
1
2
3
Right Line Source Selected
Right Auxiliary 1 Source Selected
Right Microphone Source Selected
Right Post-Mixed DAC Output Source Selected
T his register’s initial state after reset is “0000 0000.”
Left Auxilia r y # 1 Input Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 2)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
2
LM X1
res
res
LX1A4
LX1A3
LX1A2
LX1A1
LX1A0
LX1A4:0 Left Auxiliary Input # 1 Attenuate Select. T he least significant bit of this gain/attenuate select represents –1.5 dB.
LX1X4:0 = 0 produces a +12 dB gain. LX1A4:0 = “01000” (8 decimal) produces 0 dB gain. Maximum attenuation is
–34.5 dB.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write zeros to these bits.
LMX1
Left Auxiliary # 1 Mute. T his bit, when set, will mute the left channel of the Auxiliary # 1 input source. T his bit powers
up set.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “1000 0000 (80h).”
Right Auxilia r y # 1 Input Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 3)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
3
RMX1
res
res
RX1A4
RX1A3
RX1A2
RX1A1
RX1A0
RX1A4:0 Right Auxiliary Input # 1 Attenuate Select. T he least significant bit of this gain/attenuate select represents –1.5 dB.
RX1A4:0 = 0 produces a +12 dB gain. RX1A4:0 = “01000” (8 decimal) produces 0 dB gain. Maximum attenuation is
–34.5 dB.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write zeros to these bits.
RMX1
Right Auxiliary # 1 Mute. T his bit, when set, will mute the right channel of the Auxiliary # 1 input source. T his bit
powers up set.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “1000 0000 (80h).”
REV. 0
–15–
AD1848K
Left Auxilia r y # 2 Input Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 4)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
4
LM X2
res
res
LX2A4
LX2A3
LX2A2
LX2A1
LX2A0
LX2A4:0 Left Auxiliary Input # 2 Attenuate Select. T he least significant bit of this gain/attenuate select represents –1.5 dB.
LX2A4:0 = 0 produces a +12 dB gain. LX2A4:0 = “01000” (8 decimal) produces 0 dB gain.
Maximum attenuation is –34.5 dB.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write zeros to these bits.
LMX2
Left Auxiliary # 2 Mute. T his bit, when set to 1, will mute the left channel of the Auxiliary # 2 input source.
T his bit powers up set.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “1000 0000 (80h).”
Right Auxilia r y # 2 Input Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 5)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
5
RMX2
res
res
RX2A4
RX2A3
RX2A2
RX2A1
RX2A0
RX2A4:0 Right Auxiliary Input # 1 Attenuate Select. T he least significant bit of this gain/attenuate select represents –1.5 dB.
RX2A4:0 = 0 produces a +12 dB gain. RX2A4:0 = “01000” (8 decimal) produces 0 dB gain.
Maximum attenuation is –34.5 dB.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write zeros to these bits.
RMX2
Right Auxiliary # 2 Mute. T his bit, when set, will mute the right channel of the Auxiliary # 2 input source.
T his bit powers up set.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “1000 0000 (80h).”
Left DAC Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 6)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
6
LD M
res
LD A5
LD A4
LD A3
LD A2
LD A1
LD A0
LDA5:0
Left DAC Attenuate Select. T he least significant bit of this attenuate select represents –1.5 dB. LDA5:0 = 0 produces a
0 dB attenuation. Maximum attenuation is –94.5 dB.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
LDM
Left DAC Mute. T his bit, when set to 1, will mute the left DAC output. Auxiliary inputs are muted independently with
the Left Auxiliary Input Control Registers. T his bit powers up set.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “1x00 0000.”
Right DAC Contr ol (IXA3:0 = 7)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
7
RDM
res
RDA5
RDA4
RDA3
RDA2
RDA1
RDA0
RDA5:0
Right DAC Attenuate Select. T he least significant bit of this attenuate select represents –1.5 dB. RDA5:0 = 0 produces
0 dB attenuation. Maximum attenuation is –94.5 dB.
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
RDM
Right DAC Mute. T his bit, when set to 1, will mute the right DAC output. Auxiliary inputs are muted independently
with the Right Auxiliary Input Control Registers. T his bit powers up set.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “1x00 0000.”
–16–
REV. 0
AD1848K
Clock a nd Da ta For m a t Register (IXA3:0 = 8)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
8
res
FM T
L/C
S/M
C FS2
C FS1
C FS0
CSS
The contents of the Clock and Data Format Register cannot be changed except when the AD1848K is in Mode Change Enable (MCE) state.
Write attempts to this register when the AD1848K is not in the MCE state will not be successful.
CSS
Clock Source Select. T his bit selects the crystal clock source which will be used for the audio sample rate.
0
1
XT AL1 (24.576 MHz)
XT AL2 (16.9344 MHz)
CFS2:0
Clock Frequency Divide Select. T hese bits select the audio sample rate frequency. T he actual audio sample rate depends
on which crystal clock source is selected and the frequency of that source.
D ivide
Factor
XTAL1
24.576 MH z
XTAL2
16.9344 MH z
CFS
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
3072
1536
896
768
448
384
512
2560
8.0 kHz
16.0 kHz
5.5125 kHz
11.025 kHz
18.9 kHz
22.05 kHz
37.8 kHz
44.1 kHz
33.075 kHz
6.615 kHz
27.42857 kHz
32.0 kHz
Not Supported
Not Supported
48.0 kHz
9.6 kHz
Note that the AD1848K’s internal oscillators can be overdriven by external clock sources at the crystal input pins. If an external
clock source is applied, it will be divided down by the selected Divide Factor. It need not be at the recommended crystal frequencies.
S/M
Stereo/Mono Select. T his bit determines how the audio data streams are formatted. Selecting stereo will result with alter-
nating samples representing left and right audio channels. Mono playback plays the same audio sample on both chan-
nels. Mono capture only captures data from the left audio channel.
0
1
Mono
Stereo
L/C
Linear/Companded Select. T his bit selects between a linear digital representation of the audio signal or a nonlinear,
companded format for all input and output data. T he type of linear PCM or the type of companded format is defined by
the FMT bits.
0
1
Linear PCM
Companded
FMT
Format Select. T his bit defines the format for all digital audio input and outputs based on the state of the L/C bit.
Linear P CM (L/C = 0)
Com panded (L/C = 1)
0
1
8-bit Unsigned PCM
16-bit T wos-Complement PCM
8-bit µ-law Companded
8-bit A-law Companded
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “x000 0000.”
REV. 0
–17–
AD1848K
Inter fa ce Configur a tion Register (IXA3:0 = 9)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
9
CPIO
PPIO
res
res
ACAL
SD C
C EN
P EN
The contents of the Interface Configuration Register cannot be changed except when the AD1848K is in Mode Change Enable (MCE) state.
Write attempts to this register when the AD1848K is not in the MCE state will not be successful. PEN and CEN are exceptions; these bits may
always be written.
PEN
CEN
SDC
Playback Enable. T his bit will enable the playback of data in the format selected. T he AD1848K will generate PDRQ
and respond to PDAK signals when this bit is enabled and PPIO = 0. If PPIO = 1, this bit enables Programmed I/O
(PIO) playback mode. PEN may be set and reset without setting the MCE bit.
0
1
Playback disabled (PDRQ and PIO Playback Data Register inactive)
Playback enabled
Capture Enable. T his bit will enable the capture of data in the format selected. T he AD1848K will generate CDRQ and
respond to CDAK signals when this bit is enabled and CPIO = 0. If CPIO = 1, this bit enables PIO capture mode. CEN
may be set and reset without setting the MCE bit.
0
1
Capture disabled (CDRQ and PIO Capture Data Register inactive)
Capture enabled
Single DMA Channel. T his bit will force both capture and playback DMA requests to occur on the Playback DMA
channel. T he Capture DMA CDRQ pin will be LO. T his bit will allow the AD1848K to be used with only one DMA
channel. Simultaneous capture and playback cannot occur in this mode. Should both capture and playback be enabled
(CEN = PEN = 1) in the mode, only playback will occur. See “Data and Control T ransfers” for further explanation.
0
1
Dual DMA channel mode
Single DMA channel mode
ACAL
Autocalibrate Enable. T his bit determines whether the AD1848K performs an autocalibrate whenever the PWRDWN
pin is deasserted or from the Mode Change Enable (MCE) bit being reset. ACAL is normally set. See “Autocalibration”
below for a description of a complete autocalibration sequence.
0
1
No autocalibration
Autocalibration after power down/reset or mode change
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write zeros to these bits.
PPIO
Playback PIO Enable. T his bit determines whether the playback data is transferred via DMA or PIO.
0
1
DMA transfers only
PIO transfers only
CPIO
Capture PIO Enable. T his bit determines whether the capture data is transferred via DMA or PIO.
0
1
DMA transfers only
PIO transfers only
T his register’s initial state after reset is “00xx 1000 (x8h).”
Pin Contr ol Register (IXA3:0 = 10)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
10
XC T L1
XC T L0
res
res
res
res
IEN
res
res
IEN
Reserved for future expansion. Always write zeros to these bits.
Interrupt Enable. T his bit enables the interrupt pin. T he Interrupt Pin will go active HI when the number of samples
programmed in the Base Count Register is reached.
0
1
Interrupt disabled
Interrupt enabled
XCT L1:0 External Control. T he state of these independent bits is reflected on the respective XCT L1:0 pins of the AD1848K.
0
1
T T L Logic LO on XCT L1:0 pins
T T L Logic HI on XCT L1:0 pins
T his register’s initial state after reset is “00xx xx0x.”
–18–
REV. 0
AD1848K
Test a nd Initia liza tion Register (IXA3:0 = 11)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
11
COR
PU R
ACI
DRS
ORR1
ORR0
ORL1
ORL0
ORL1:0
Overrange Left Detect. T hese bits indicate the overrange on the left input channel. T his bit changes on a sample-by
sample basis. T his bit is read only.
0
1
2
3
Less than –1 dB underrange
Between –1 dB and 0 dB underrange
Between 0 dB and +1 dB overrange
Greater than +1 dB overrange
ORR1:0
Overrange Right Detect. T hese bits indicate the overrange on the right input channel. T his bit changes on a sample-by
sample basis. T his bit is read only.
0
1
2
3
Less than –1 dB underrange
Between –1 dB and 0 dB underrange
Between 0 dB and +1 dB overrange
Greater than +1 dB overrange
DRS
ACI
Data Request Status. T his bit indicates the current status of the PDRQ and CDRQ pins of the AD1848K.
0
1
CDRQ and PDRQ are presently inactive (LO)
CDRQ or PDRQ are presently active (HI)
Autocalibrate-In-Progress. T his bit indicates the state of autocalibration or a recent exit from Mode Change Enable
(MCE). T his bit is read only.
0
1
Autocalibration is not in progress
Autocalibration is in progress or MCE was exited within approximately the last 128 sample periods
PUR
COR
Playback Underrun. T his bit is set when playback data has not arrived from the host in time to be played. As a result, a
midscale value will be sent to the DACs. T his bit changes on a sample by sample basis.
Capture Overrun. T his bit is set when the capture data has not been read by the host before the next sample arrives. T he
sample being read will not be overwritten by the new sample. T he new sample will be ignored. T his bit changes on a
sample by sample basis.
T he occurrence of a PUR and/or COR is designated in the Status Register’s Sample Overrun/Underrun (SOUR) bit. T he SOUR bit
is the logical OR of the COR and PUR bits. T his enables a polling host CPU to detect an overrun/underrun condition while checking
other status bits.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “0000 0000.”
Miscella neous Contr ol Register (IXA3:0 = 12)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
12
res
res
res
res
ID 3
ID 2
ID 1
ID 0
res
ID3:0
Reserved for future expansion. T he bits are read only. Do not write to these bits.
AD1848K Revision ID. T hese four bits define the revision level of the AD1848K. Revisions increment by one LSB. T he
K-Grade revision is ID = “1010.” T hese bits are read only.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “xxxx RRRR” where RRRR = Revision ID of the silicon in use.
REV. 0
–19–
AD1848K
Digita l Mix Contr ol Register (IXA3:0 = 13)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
13
DMA5
DMA4
DMA3
DMA2
DMA1
DMA0
res
D M E
DME
Digital Mix Enable. T his bit will enable the digital mix of the ADCs’ output with the DACs’ input. When enabled, the
data from the ADCs are digitally mixed with other data being delivered to the DACs (regardless of whether or not play-
back [PEN] is enabled, i.e., set). If capture is enabled (CEN set) and there is a capture overrun (COR), then the last
sample captured before overrun will be used for the digital mix. If playback is enabled (PEN set) and there is a playback
underrun (PUR), then a midscale zero will be added to the digital mix data.
0
1
Digital mix disabled (muted)
Digital mix enabled
res
Reserved for future expansion. Always write a zero to this bit.
DMA5:0 Digital Mix Attenuation. T hese bits determine the attenuation of the ADC data in mixing with the DAC input. Each
attenuate step is –1.5 dB ranging to –94.5 dB.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “0000 00x0.”
DMA Ba se Count Register s (IXA3:0 = 14 & 15)
T he DMA Base Count Registers in the AD1848K simplify integration of the AD1848K in ISA systems. T he ISA DMA controller re-
quires an external count mechanism to notify the host CPU via interrupt of a full DMA buffer. T he programmable DMA Base
Count Registers will allow such interrupts to occur.
T he Base Count Registers contain the number of sample periods which will occur before an interrupt is generated on the interrupt
(INT ) pin. T o load, first write a value to the Lower Base Count Register. Writing a value to the Upper Base Register will cause both
Base Count Registers to load into the Current Count Register. Once AD1848K transfers are enabled, each sample period the Cur-
rent Count Register will decrement until zero count is reached. T he next sample period after zero will generate the interrupt and re-
load the Current Count Register with the values in the Base Count Registers. T he interrupt is cleared by a write to the Status
Register.
T he Host Interrupt Pin (INT ) will go HI during the sample period in which the Current Count Register underflows when Interrupt
Enable (IEN) is set. It will go LO when the Interrupt Status (INT ) bit is cleared. Note that both the bit and the pin have the same
name (INT ). T he Current Count Register is decremented every sample period when either the PEN or CEN bit is enabled and also
either the T ransfer Request Disable (T RD) bit or the Interrupt Status (INT ) bit are zero. Note that the internal INT bit will become
one on counter underflow even if the external interrupt pin is not enabled, i.e., IEN is zero. T he Current Count Register is
decremented in both PIO and DMA data transfer modes.
Upper Ba se Count Register (IXA3:0 = 14)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
14
U B7
U B6
U B5
U B4
U B3
U B2
U B1
U B0
UB7:0
Upper Base Count. T his byte is the upper byte of the base count register containing the eight most significant bits of the
16-bit base register. Reads from this register return the same value which was written. T he current count contained in
the counters can not be read.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “0000 0000.”
Lower Upper Ba se Count Register (IXA3:0 = 15)
IXA3:0
D ata 7
D ata 6
D ata 5
D ata 4
D ata 3
D ata 2
D ata 1
D ata 0
15
LB7
LB6
LB5
LB4
LB3
LB2
LB1
LB0
LB7:0
Lower Base Count. T his byte is the lower byte of the base count register containing the eight least significant bits of the
16-bit base register. Reads from this register return the same value which was written. T he current count contained in
the counters cannot be read.
T his register’s initial state after reset is “0000 0000.”
–20–
REV. 0
AD1848K
D ATA AND CO NTRO L TRANSFERS
Contr ol and P r ogr am m ed I/O (P IO ) Tr ansfer s
T he AD1848K SoundPort Stereo Codec supports a DMA re-
quest/grant architecture for transferring data with the host com-
puter bus. One or two DMA channels can be supported.
Programmed I/O (PIO) mode is also supported for control reg-
ister accesses and for applications lacking DMA control. PIO
transfers can be made on one channel while the other is per-
forming DMA. T ransfers to and from the AD1848K SoundPort
Codec are asynchronous relative to the internal data conversion
clock. T ransfers are buffered, but the AD1848K supports no in-
ternal FIFOs. T he host is responsible for providing playback
data before the next digital-to-analog conversion and removing
capture data before the next analog-to-digital conversion.
T his simpler mode of transfers is used both for control register
accesses and programmed I/O. T he 21 control and PIO data
registers cannot be accessed via DMA transfers. Playback PIO is
activated when both Playback Enable (PEN) is set and Playback
PIO (PPIO) is set. Capture PIO is activated when both Capture
Enable (CEN) is set and Capture PIO (CPIO) is set. See Fig-
ures 11 and 12 for the detailed timing of the control register/
PIO transfers. T he RD and WR signals are used to define the
actual read and write cycles, respectively. T he host holds CS
LO during these transfers. T he DMA Capture Data Acknowl-
edge (CDAK) and Playback Data Acknowledge (PDAK) must
be held inactive, i.e., HI.
D ata O r der ing
CDRQ /
PDRQ
OUTPUTS
T he number of byte-wide transfers required depends on the
data format selected. T he AD1848K is designed for “little
endian” formats in which the least significant byte (i.e., occupy-
ing the lowest memory address) gets transferred first. So 16-bit
data transfers require first transferring the least significant bits
7:0 and then transferring the most significant bits 15:8, where
bit 15 is the most significant bit in the word.
tSUDK1
tSUDK2
CDAK
INPUT
tCSSU
tCSHD
CS INPUT
In addition, left channel data is always transferred before right
channel data with the AD1848K. T he following figures should
make these requirements clear.
tDBDL
DBEN &
DBDIR
OUTPUTS
TIME
tSTW
SAMPLE 6
SAMPLE 5
SAMPLE 4
SAMPLE 3
SAMPLE 2
SAMPLE 1
RD INPUT
tDHD1
tRDDV
MONO
MONO
MONO
MONO
DATA7:0
OUTPUTS
BYTE 4
BYTE 3
BYTE 2
BYTE 1
tADSU
tADHD
Figure 7. AD1848K 8-Bit Mono Data Stream Sequencing
ADR1:0
INPUTS
TIME
Figure 11. AD1848K Control Register/PIO Read Cycle
SAMPLE 3
SAMPLE 3
SAMPLE 2
SAMPLE 2
SAMPLE 1
SAMPLE 1
CDRQ/
PDRQ
RIGHT
LEFT
RIGHT
LEFT
OUTPUTS
tSUDK2
tSUDK1
BYTE 4
BYTE 3
BYTE 2
BYTE 1
PDAK
INPUT
Figure 8. AD1848K 8-Bit Stereo Data Stream Sequencing
TIME
tCSHD
tCSSU
CS INPUT
SAMPLE 6
SAMPLE 5
SAMPLE 4
SAMPLE 3
SAMPLE 2
SAMPLE 1
tDBDL
MONO
MONO
DBEN
OUTPUT
BYTES 3 & 4
BYTES 1 & 2
Figure 9. AD1848K 16-Bit Mono Data Stream Sequencing
DBDIR
OUTPUT
HI
TIME
tSTW
WR INPUT
SAMPLE 3
SAMPLE 3
SAMPLE 2
SAMPLE 2
SAMPLE 1
SAMPLE 1
tWDSU
tDHD2
DATA7:0
INPUTS
LEFT
RIGHT
BYTES 3 & 4
BYTES 1 & 2
tADSU
tADHD
ADR1:0
INPUTS
Figure 10. AD1848K 16-Bit Stereo Data
Stream Sequencing
Figure 12. AD1848K Control Register/PIO Write Cycle
REV. 0
–21–
AD1848K
For read/capture cycles, the AD1848K will place data on the
DAT A7:0 lines while the host is asserting the read strobe, RD,
by holding it LO. For write/playback, the host must place data
on the DAT A7:0 pins while strobing the WR signal LO. T he
AD1848K latches the write/playback data on the rising edge of
the WR strobe.
DMA transfers may be independently aborted by resetting the
Capture Enable (CEN) and/or Playback Enable (PEN) bits in
the Interface Configuration Register. T he current capture
sample transfer will be completed if a capture DMA is termi-
nated. T he current playback sample transfer must be completed
if a playback DMA is terminated. If CDRQ and/or PDRQ are
asserted HI while the host is resetting CEN and/or PEN, the re-
quest must be acknowledged. T he host must assert CDAK and/
or PDAK LO and complete a final sample transfer.
When using PIO data transfers, the Status Register must be
polled to determine when data should be transferred. Note that
the ADC capture data will be ready (CRDY HI) from the previ-
ous sample period shortly before the DAC playback data is
ready (PRDY HI) for the next sample period. T he user should
not wait for both ADCs and DACs to become ready before initi-
ating data transfers. Instead, as soon as capture data is ready, it
should be read; as soon as the DACs are ready, playback data
should be written.
Single-Channel D MA
Single-Channel DMA mode allows the AD1848K to be used in
systems with only a single DMA channel. It is enabled by setting
the SDC bit in the Interface Configuration Register. All cap-
tures and playbacks take place on the playback channel. Obvi-
ously, the AD1848K cannot perform a simultaneous capture
and playback in Single-Channel DMA mode.
Values written to the XCT L1:0 bits in the Pin Control Register
(IXA3:0 = 10) will be reflected in the state of the XCT L1:0 ex-
ternal output pins. T his feature allows a simple method for sig-
naling or software control of external logic. Changes in state of
the external XCT L pins will occur within one sample period.
Because their change is referenced to the internal sample clock,
no useful timing diagram can be constructed.
Playback will occur in single-channel DMA mode exactly as it
does in T wo-Channel mode. Capture, however, is diverted to
the playback channel which means that the capture data request
occurs on the PDRQ pin and the capture data acknowledge
must be received on the PDAK pin. T he CDRQ pin will remain
inactive LO. Any inputs to CDAK will be ignored.
D ir ect Mem or y Access (D MA) Tr ansfer s
Playback and capture are distinguished in Single-Channel DMA
mode by the state of the playback enable (PEN) or capture en-
able (CEN) control bits. If both PEN and CEN are set in
Single-Channel DMA mode, playback will be presumed.
T he second type of bus cycle supported by the AD1848K are
DMA transfers. Both dual channel and single channel DMA op-
erations are supported. T o enable Playback DMA transfers,
playback enable (PEN) must be set and PPIO cleared. T o en-
able Capture DMA transfers, capture enable (CEN) must be set
and CPIO cleared. During DMA transfers, the AD1848K as-
serts HI the Capture Data Request (CDRQ) or the Playback
Data Request (PDRQ) followed by the host’s asserting LO the
DMA Capture Data Acknowledge (CDAK) or Playback Data
Acknowledge (PDAK), respectively. T he host’s asserted
Acknowledge signals cause the AD1848K to perform DMA
transfers. T he input address lines, ADR1:0, are ignored. Data is
transferred between the proper internal sample registers.
T o avoid confusion of the origin of a request when switching be-
tween playback and capture in Single-Channel DMA mode,
both CEN and PEN should be disabled and all pending re-
quests serviced before enabling the alternative enable bit.
Switching between playback and capture in Single-Channel
DMA mode no longer requires changing the PPIO and CPIO
bits or passing through the Mode Change Enable state except
for initial setup. For setup, assign zeros to both PPIO and
CPIO. T his configures both playback and capture for DMA.
T hen, switching between playback and capture can be effected
entirely by setting and clearing the PEN and CEN control bits,
a technique which avoids having to enter the Mode Change
Enable state.
T he read strobe (RD) and write strobe (WR) delimit valid data
for DMA transfers. Chip select (CS) is a “don’t care”; its state
is ignored by the AD1848K.
T he AD1848K asserts the Data Request Signals, CDRQ and
PDRQ, at the rate of once per sample period, where PDRQ is
asserted near the beginning of an internal sample period and
CDRQ is asserted late in the same period to maximize the avail-
able processing time. Once asserted, these signals will remain
active HI until the corresponding DMA cycle occurs with the
host’s Data Acknowledge signals. T he Data Request signals will
be deasserted after the falling edge of the final RD or WD strobe
in the transfer of a sample, which typically consists of multiple
bytes. See “Data Ordering” above for a definition of “sample.”
D MA Tim ing
Below, timing parameters are shown for 8-Bit Mono Sample
Read/Capture and Write/Playback DMA transfers in Figures 13
and 14. Note that in single-channel DMA mode, the Read/
Capture cycle timing shown in Figure 13 applies to the PDRQ
and PDAK signals, rather than the CDRQ and CDAK signals
as shown. T he same timing parameters apply to multibyte trans-
fers. T he relationship between timing signals is shown in Fig-
ures 15 and 16.
T he Host Interrupt Pin (INT ) will go HI during the sample
period in which the Current Count Register underflows. T his
event is referenced to the internal sample period clock which is
not available externally.
–22–
REV. 0
AD1848K
ISA BUS
BCLK
ISA BUS
BCLK
PDRQ
OUTPUT
CDRQ OUTPUT
CDAK INPUT
tDRHD
tDRHD
tDKSU
PDAK
INPUT
tDKSU
tDKHDA
tDKHDB
tDBDL
tDBDL
DBEN
DBEN & DBDIR
OUTPUTS
OUTPUTS
DBDIR
OUTPUT
HI
tSTW
RD INPUT
tSTW
WR INPUT
tRDDV
tDHD1
DATA7:0
OUTPUTS
tDHD2
tWDSU
DATA7:0
INPUTS
Figure 13. AD1848K 8-Bit Mono DMA Read/Capture Cycle
Figure 14. AD1848K 8-Bit Mono DMA Write/Playback Cycle
ISA BUS
BCLK
CDRQ/
PDRQ
OUTPUTS
CDAK/
PDAK
INPUTS
tBWDN
RD OR WR
INPUTS
RIGHT/HIGH
BYTE
LEFT/LOW
DATA7:0
BYTE
Figure 15. AD1848K 8-Bit Stereo or 16-Bit Mono DMA Cycle
ISA BUS
BCLK
CDRQ/ PDRQ
OUTPUTS
CDAK/ PDAK
INPUTS
tBWDN
RD OR WR
INPUTS
LOW
BYTE
HIGH
BYTE
LOW
BYTE
HIGH
BYTE
DATA7:0
LEFT SAMPLE
RIGHT SAMPLE
Figure 16. AD1848K 16-Bit Stereo DMA Cycle
REV. 0
–23–
AD1848K
D MA Inter r upt
T he completion of autocalibration can be determined by polling
the Autocalibrate-In-Progress (ACI) bit in the T est and Initial-
ization Register, which will be set during autocalibration. T rans-
fers enabled during autocalibration do not begin until the
completion of autocalibration.
Writing to the internal 16-bit Base Count Register sets up the
count value for the number of samples to be transferred. Note
that the number of bytes transferred for a given count will be a
function of the selected global data format. T he internal Cur-
rent Count Register is updated with the current contents of the
Upper and Lower Base Count Registers when a write occurs to
the Upper Base Count Register.
T he following summarizes the procedure for autocalibration:
•
Mute left and right DAC outputs, AUX1 and AUX2 inputs,
and digital mix. (It is unnecessary to mute the DAC outputs,
as this will happen automatically.)
T he Current Count Register cannot be read by the host. Read-
ing the Base Count Registers will only read back the initializa-
tion values written to them.
•
•
•
•
Set the Mode Change Enable (MCE) bit.
Set the Autocalibration (ACAL) bit.
The Current Count Register is decremented every sample
period when either the PEN or CEN bit is enabled and also either
the T ransfer Request Disable (T RD) bit or the Interrupt Status
(INT ) bit is zero. An interrupt event is generated after the Cur-
rent Count Register is zero and an additional playback sample is
transferred. T he INT bit in the Status Register always reflects
the current internal interrupt state defined above. T he external
INT pin will only go active HI if the Interrupt Enable (IEN) bit
in the Interface Configuration Register is set. If the IEN bit is
zero, the external INT pin will always stay LO, even though the
Status Register’s INT bit may be set.
Clear the Mode Change Enable (MCE) bit.
T he Autocalibrate-In-Progress (ACI) bit will transition from
LO to HI within five sample periods. It will remain HI for
approximately 384 sample periods. Poll the ACI bit until it
transitions from HI to LO.
•
Set to desired gain/attenuation values, and unmute DAC
outputs (if muted), AUX inputs, and digital mix.
During the autocalibration sequence, data output from the
ADCs is meaningless. Inputs to the DACs are ignored. Even if
the user specified the muting of all analog outputs, near the end
of the autocalibration sequence, dc analog outputs very close to
VREF will be produced at the line output.
P O WER UP AND RESET
T he PWRDWN pin should be held in its active LO state when
power is first applied to the AD1848K. Analog Devices recom-
mends waiting one full second after deasserting PWRDWN be-
fore commencing audio activity with the AD1848K. T his will
allow the analog outputs to fully settle to the VREF voltage level
prior to system autocalibration. At any point when powered, the
AD1848K can be put into a state for minimum power consump-
tion by asserting PWRDWN LO. All analog and digital sections
are shut down. T he AD1848K’s parallel interface does not func-
tion; all bidirectional signal lines are in high impedance three-
state.
CH ANGING SAMP LE RATES
T o change the selection of the current sample rate requires a
Mode Change Enable sequence since the bits which control that
selection are in the Clock and Data Format Register. T he fact
that the clocks change requires a special sequence which is sum-
marized as follows:
•
If autocalibration will take place at the end of this sequence,
mute the AUX1 and AUX2 inputs and the digital mix.
•
•
Set the Mode Change Enable (MCE) bit.
Deasserting PWRDWN by bringing it HI begins the AD1848K’s
initialization. While initializing, the AD1848K ignores all writes
and all reads will yield “1000 0000 (80h).” At the conclusion of
reset initialization, all registers will be set to their default values
as listed in “Control Registers” above. T he conclusion of the
initialization period can be detected by polling the index register
for some value other than “1000 0000 (80h).”
In a single write cycle, change the Clock Frequency Divide
Select (CFS2:0) and/or the Clock Source Select (CSS).
•
T he AD1848K now needs to resynchronize its internal
states to the new clock. Writes to the AD1848K will be
ignored. Reads will produce “1000 0000 (80h)” until the
resynchronization is complete. Poll the Index Register until
something other than this value is returned.
It is imperative to autocalibrate on power up for proper opera-
tion. See next section.
•
•
Clear the Mode Change Enable (MCE) bit.
If ACAL is set, follow the procedure described in “Auto-
calibration” above.
AUTO CALIBRATIO N
T he AD1848K can calibrate the ADCs and DACs for greater
accuracy by minimizing DC offsets. Autocalibration occurs
whenever the AD1848K returns from the Mode Change Enable
state and the ACAL bit in the Interface Configuration register
has been set. If the ACAL bit is not set, the RAM normally
containing ADC and DAC offset compensations will be saved,
retaining the offsets of the most recent autocalibration. T here-
fore, it is imperative to autocalibrate on power up for proper
operation.
•
•
Poll the ACI hit until it transitions LO (approximately 128
sample cycles).
Set to desired gain/attenuation values, and unmute DAC
outputs (if muted).
–24–
REV. 0
AD1848K
AP P LICATIO NS CIRCUITS
Note that if a battery-powered microphone is used, the buffer
and R2s are not needed. T he values of R1, R2, and C should be
chosen in light of the mic characteristics and intended gain.
T ypical values for these might be R1 = 20 kΩ, R2 = 2 kΩ, and
C = 220 pF.
T he AD1848K Stereo Codec has been designed to require a
minimum of external circuitry. T he recommended circuits are
shown in Figures 17 through 25. Analog Devices estimates that
the total cost of all the components shown in these figures, in-
cluding crystals but not including connectors, to be less than
$10 in the U.S.A. in 10,000 quantities.
C
See Figure 1 for an illustration of the connection between the
AD1848K SoundPort Codec and the Industry Standard Archi-
tecture (ISA) computer bus, also known as the “PC-AT bus.”
Note that the 74_245 transceiver receives its enable and direc-
tion signals directly from the Codec. Analog Devices recom-
mends using the “slowest” 74_245 adequately fast to meet all
AD1848K and computer bus timing and drive requirements. So
doing will minimize switching transients of the 74_245. T his in
turn will minimize the digital feedthrough effects of the trans-
ceiver when driving the AD1848K, which can cause the audio
noise floor to rise.
R
1
1µF
5.1k
0.33µF
L_MIC
1/2 SSM-2135
OR AD820
R
R
1/2 SSM-2135
OR AD820
2
V
LEFT ELECTRET
CONDENSER
MICROPHONE
INPUT
REF
C
2
R
1
1µF
5.1k
0.33µF
R_MIC
RIGHT ELECTRET
CONDENSER
MICROPHONE
INPUT
1/2 SSM-2135
OR AD820
Industry-standard compact disc “line-levels” are 2 V rms cen-
tered around analog ground. (For other audio equipment, “line
level” is much more loosely defined.) T he AD1848K SoundPort
is a +5 V only powered device. Line level voltage swings for the
AD1848K are defined to be 1 V rms for a sine wave ADC input
and 0.707 V rms for a sine wave DAC output. T hus, 2 V rms
input analog signals must be attenuated and either centered
around the reference voltage intermediate between 0 V and
+5 V or ac-coupled. T he VREF pin will be at this intermediate
voltage, nominally 2.25 V. It has limited drive but can be used
as a dc bias to an op amp input. Note, however, that dc-coupled
inputs are not recommended, as they provide no performance
benefits with the AD1848K architecture. Furthermore, dc offset
differences between multiple dc-coupled inputs create the
potential for “clicks” when changing the input mux selection.
V
REF
Figure 18. AD1848K "Phantom -Powered" Microphone
Input Circuit
Figure 19 shows ac-coupled line outputs. T he resistors are used
to center the output signals around analog ground. If
dc-coupling is desired, VREF could be used with op amps as
mentioned previously.
1µF
L_OUT
47k
1µF
A circuit for 2 V rms line-level inputs and auxiliaries is shown in
Figure 17. Note that this is a divide-by-two resistive divider.
T he input resistor and 560 pF capacitor provides the single-pole
of anti-alias filtering required for the ADCs. If line-level inputs
are already at the 1 V rms levels expected by the AD1848K, the
resistors in parallel with the 560 pF capacitors can be omitted.
R_OUT
47k
Figure 19. AD1848K Line Output Connections
A circuit for headphone drive is illustrated in Figure 20. Drive is
supplied by +5 V operational amplifiers. T he circuit shown ac
couples the line output to the headphones.
0.33µF
5.1k
L_LINE
L_AUX1
560pF
5.1k
L_AUX2
NPO
18k
20k
470µF
L_OUT
HEADPHONE
LEFT
0.33µF
5.1k
R_LINE
V
SSM-2135
REF
R_AUX1
560pF
5.1k
470µF
R_AUX2
NPO
HEADPHONE
RIGHT
20k
R_OUT
Figure 17. AD1848K 2 V rm s Line-Level Input Circuit
18k
Figure 20. AD1848K Headphone Drive Connections
T he AD1848K Codec contains an optional +20 dB gain block
to accommodate condenser microphones. Particular system re-
quirements will depend upon the characteristics of the intended
microphone. Figure 18 illustrates one example of how an elec-
tret condenser mike requiring phantom power could be con-
nected to the AD1848K. VREF is shown buffered by an op amp;
a transistor like a 2N4124 will also work fine for this purpose.
REV. 0
–25–
AD1848K
Figure 21 illustrates reference bypassing. VREF_F should only be
connected to its bypass capacitors.
power supply is not available, we recommend the circuit shown
in Figure 24 for using a single +5 V supply. Ferrite beads suffice
for the inductors shown. T his circuitry should be as close to the
supply pins as is practical.
_
V
F
V
REF
REF
FERRITE
0.1µF
10µF
10µF
+5V SUPPLY
0.1µF
1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
V
V
V
DD
Figure 21. AD1848K Voltage Reference Bypassing
DD
DD
Figure 22 illustrates signal-path filtering capacitors, L_FILT
and R_FILT . Note that AD1848Ks will perform satisfactorily
with 0.1 µF capacitors; increasing the value to 1.0 µF does im-
prove performance at very low frequencies, however.
0.1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
V
V
V
DD
V
DD
DD
DD
FERRITE
1.6Ω
1µF
L_FILT
R_FILT
1µF
0.1µF
0.1µF
V
V
CC
CC
1.0µF
1.0µF
Figure 24. AD1848K Recom m ended Power Supply
Bypassing
Figure 22. AD1848K External Filter Capacitor Connections
Analog Devices recommends a split ground plane as shown in
Figure 25. T he analog plane and the digital plane are connected
directly under the AD1848K. Splitting the ground plane directly
under the SoundPort Codec is optimal because analog pins will
be located above the analog ground plane and digital pins will
be located directly above the digital ground plane for the best
isolation. T he digital ground and analog grounds should be tied
together in the vicinity of the AD1848K. Other schemes may
also yield satisfactory results. If the split ground plane recom-
mended here is not possible, the AD1848K should be entirely
over the analog ground plane with the 74_245 transceiver over
the digital plane.
T he crystals shown in the crystal connection circuitry of Figure
23 should be fundamental-mode and parallel-tuned. T wo
sources for the exact crystals specified are Component Market-
ing Services in Massachusetts, U.S. at 617-762-4339 and Cardi-
nal Components in New Jersey, U.S. at 201-746-0333. Note
that using the exact data sheet frequencies is not required and
that external clock sources can be used to overdrive the
AD1848K’s internal oscillators. (See the description of the
CFS2:0 control bits above.) If using an external clock source,
apply it to the crystal input pins while leaving the crystal output
pins unconnected. Attention should be paid to providing low jit-
ter external input clocks.
ANALOG GROUND PLANE
DIGITAL GROUND PLANE
XTAL2I
XTAL2O
XTAL1I
XTAL1O
GNDD
R_AUX2
20–64pF
20–64pF
20–64pF
20–64pF
16.9344MHz
24.576MHz
Figure 23. AD1848K Crystal Connections
AD1848K
Analog Devices also recommends a pull-down resistor for
PWRDWN.
Good, standard engineering practices should be applied for
power supply decoupling. Decoupling capacitors should be
placed as close as possible to package pins. If a separate analog
GNDD
R_FILT
Figure 25. AD1848K Recom m ended Ground Plane
–26–
REV. 0
AD1848K
FREQ UENCY RESP O NSE P LO TS
10
0
10
0
–10
–20
–30
–40
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
–60
–70
–80
–90
–50
dB
dB
–60
–70
–80
–90
–100
–110
–120
–100
–110
–120
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
SAMPLE FREQUENCY (F
)
SAMPLE FREQUENCY (F
)
S
S
Figure 26. AD1848K Analog-to-Digital Frequency
Response (Full-Scale Line-Level Inputs, 0 dB Gain)
Figure 28. AD1848K Digital-to-Analog Frequency
Response (Full-Scale Inputs, 0 dB Attenuation)
10
0
10
0
–10
–20
–30
–40
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
dB
–50
dB
–60
–60
–70
–80
–70
–80
–90
–90
–100
–110
–100
–110
–120
–120
0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60
0.40 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60
SAMPLE FREQUENCY (F
)
SAMPLE FREQUENCY (F
)
S
S
Figure 27. AD1848K Analog-to-Digital Frequency
Response—Transition Band (Full-Scale Line-Level
Inputs, 0 dB Gain)
Figure 29. AD1848K Digital-to-Analog Frequency
Response—Transition Band (Full-Scale Inputs, 0 dB
Attenuation)
REV. 0
–27–
AD1848K
O UTLINE D IMENSIO NS
D imensions shown in inches and (mm).
P -68A
ST-64
68-Lead P lastic Leaded Chip Car r ier
64-Lead Thin Q uad Flatpack
0.175 (4.45)
0.063 (1.60) MAX
0.995 (25.27)
0.630 ± 0.009
(16.00 ± 0.25)
0.169 (4.29)
SQ
SQ
SQ
0.885 (22.48)
0.055 ± 0.002
(1.40 ± 0.05)
0.551 ± 0.004
(14.00 ± 0.10)
9
61
60
10
PIN 1
IDENTIFIER
0.050
(1.27)
TYP
0.024
±
0.006
(0.60 ± 0.15)
64
49
1
48
SEATING
PLANE
0.925 (23.50)
0.895 (22.73)
12
TYP
°
TOP VIEW
0.019 (0.48)
0.017 (0.43)
TOP VIEW
0.029 (0.74)
0.027 (0.69)
26
44
27
43
0.954 (24.23)
0.950 (24.13)
SQ
0.104 (2.64) TYP
0.004 (0.102)
MAX
LEAD
COPLANARITY
16
33
17
32
6
°
± 4
°
0
°
– 7
°
0.031 (0.80)
0.014 (0.35)
0.007 (0.17) MAX
IND EX
P AGE
PRODUCT OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
ELECT RICAL SPECIFICAT IONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
ORDERING GUIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PINOUT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
PIN DESCRIPT ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
AUDIO FUNCT IONAL DESCRIPT ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Analog Inputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Analog Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Analog-to-Digital Datapath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Digital-to-Analog Datapath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Digital Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Analog Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Digital Data T ypes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Power Supplies and Voltage Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Clocks and Sample Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CONT ROL REGIST ERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Control Register Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Direct Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Indirect Control Register Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
DAT A AND CONT ROL T RANSFERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Data Ordering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Control and Programmed I/O (PIO) T ransfers . . . . . . . . 21
Direct Memory Access (DMA) T ransfers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Single-Channel DMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
DMA T iming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
DMA Interrupt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
POWER UP AND RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
AUT OCALIBRAT ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
CHANGING SAMPLE RAT ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
APPLICAT IONS CIRCUIT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
FREQUENCY RESPONSE PLOT S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
PACKAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
–28–
REV. 0
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