DCM48AP050M160A50 [VICOR]
DC-DC Regulated Power Supply Module, 1 Output, 160W, Hybrid, PACKAGE-9;
| 型号： | DCM48AP050M160A50 |
| 厂家： | 
VICOR CORPORATION |
| 描述： | DC-DC Regulated Power Supply Module, 1 Output, 160W, Hybrid, PACKAGE-9 |
| 文件： | 总25页 (文件大小：2048K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
DCM48AP050x160A50
Isolated, Regulated DC Converter
Features
Product Ratings
VIN = 36 V to 75 V
POUT = 160 W
• Isolated, regulated DC-DC converter
• Up to 160 W, 32.00 A continuous
• 90.4% peak efficiency
VOUT = 5.0 V
(4.0 V to 5.5 V Trim)
IOUT = 32.00 A
• 409 W/in3 Power density
• Wide input range 36 – 75 Vdc
• Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 5.0 V Nominal Output
• 2250 Vdc isolation
Product Description
The DCM Isolated, Regulated DC Converter is a DC-DC
converter, operating from an unregulated, wide range input to
generate an isolated 5.0 Vdc output. With its high frequency
zero voltage switching (ZVS) topology, the DCM converter
consistently delivers high efficiency across the input line range.
Modular DCM converters and downstream DC-DC products
support efficient power distribution, providing superior power
system performance and connectivity from a variety of
unregulated power sources to the point-of-load.
• ZVS high frequency switching
n
Enables low-profile, high-density filtering
•
Optimized for array operation
n
n
n
Up to 8 units – 1280 W
No power derating needed
Sharing strategy permits dissimilar line voltages
across an array
Leveraging the thermal and density benefits of Vicor’s ChiP
packaging technology, the DCM module offers flexible thermal
management options with very low top and bottom side
thermal impedances. Thermally-adept ChiP based power
components enable customers to achieve cost effective power
system solutions with previously unattainable system size,
weight and efficiency attributes, quickly and predictably.
• Fully operational current limit
• OV, OC, UV, short circuit and thermal protection
• 3623 through-hole ChiP package
n 1.524” x 0.898” x 0.286”
(38.72 mm x 22.8 mm x 7.26 mm)
Typical Applications
• Industrial
• Process Control
• Automotive
• Heavy Equipment
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 1 of 24
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Typical Application
DCM1
TR
EN
FT
R1_1
L1_1
L2_1
F1_1
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
CLOAD
C
DCM_1
C1_1
Vin
Load
DCM2
TR
EN
FT
R1_2
L1_2
L2_2
F1_2
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
C
DCM_2
C1_2
≈≈
≈ ≈
DCM4
TR
EN
FT
R1_4
L1_4
L2_4
F1_4
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
CDCM_4
C1_4
Typical Application 1: DCM48AP050x160A50 in an array of four units
DCM
TR
EN
Load 1
FT
R1
L2
CLOAD
F1
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
L1
C1
Vin
Non-isolated
Point-of-Load
Regulator
Load 2
Typical Application 2: Single DCM48AP050x160A50, to a non-isolated regulator, and direct to load
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 2 of 24
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
1
2
+IN
TR
A
B
+OUT
-OUT
A’
B’
EN
FT
C
D
C’ +OUT
D’ -OUT
-IN
E
3623 ChiP Package
Pin Descriptions
Pin
Signal Name
Type
Function
Number
A1
B1
C1
D1
+IN
TR
INPUT POWER
INPUT
Positive input power terminal
Enables and disables trim functionality. Adjusts output voltage when trim active.
Enables and disables power supply
EN
FT
INPUT
OUTPUT
Fault monitoring
INPUT POWER
RETURN
E1
-IN
Negative input power terminal
A’2, C’2
B’2, D’2
+OUT
-OUT
OUTPUT POWER Positive output power terminal
OUTPUT POWER
Negative output power terminal
RETURN
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 3 of 24
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Part Ordering Information
Output
Voltage x 10
Device
Input Voltage Range Package Type
Temperature Grade Output Power Revision
Version
DCM
48A
P
50
x
160
A5
A5
0
T = -40 to 125°C
M = -55 to 125°C
Analog Control
Interface Version
DCM = DCM
48A = 36/48/75 V
P = ChiP TH
50 = 5 V
160 = 160 W
Absolute Maximum Ratings
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device.
Electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions.
Parameter
Comments
Min
-0.5
-1
Max
90.0
1
Unit
V
Input Voltage (+IN to –IN)
Input Voltage Slew Rate
TR to - IN
V/µs
V
-0.3
-0.3
-0.3
3.5
3.5
3.5
5
EN to -IN
V
V
FT to -IN
mA
V
Output Voltage (+Out to –Out)
-0.5
2250
-40
7.2
Dielectric withstand (input to output)
Basic insulation
T Grade
Vdc
°C
°C
°C
°C
A
125
125
125
125
45.0
Internal Operating Temperature
M Grade
-55
T Grade
-40
Storage Temperature
M Grade
-65
Average Output Current
Figure 1 — Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Output Power
Figure 2 — Electrical Specified Operating Area
vs. Case Temp, Single unit at minimum full load efficiency
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 4 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Electrical Specifications
Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the
temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
36
Typ
48
Max
Unit
Power Input Specification
Input voltage range
VIN
IINRP
Continuous operation
75
V
A
Inrush current (peak)
With maximum COUT-EXT, full resistive load
Effective value at nominal input voltage
At 1 MHz
6.0
Input capacitance (internal)
Input capacitance (internal) ESR
Input inductance (external)
CIN-INT
RCIN-INT
LIN
17.6
0.40
µF
mΩ
µH
Differential mode, with no further line bypassing
No Load Specification
1
Nominal line, see Fig. 3
0.5
2.4
0.9
2.3
8.4
9.0
W
W
W
W
Input power – disabled
PQ
Worst case line, see Fig. 3
Nominal line, see Fig. 4
Input power – enabled with no load
PNL
Worst case line, see Fig. 4
Power Output Specification
VIN = 48 V, nominal trim, at 100% Load, TINT = 25°C
Output voltage set point
VOUT-NOM
4.97
5.0
5.03
V
V
Trim range over temp, with > 25% rated load.
Specifies the Low, Nominal and High Trim conditions.
Rated output voltage trim range
VOUT-TRIMMING
4.0
5.0
5.5
Linear load line. Output voltage increase from full rated
load current to no load (Does not include light load
regulation). See Fig. 6 and Sec. Design Guidelines
Output voltage load regulation
ΔVOUT-LOAD
0.2356
0.2632
0.2910
V
0% to 25% load, additional VOUT relative to calculated
load-line point; see Fig. 6 and Sec. Design Guidelines
Output voltage light load regulation
ΔVOUT-LL
-0.30
1.05
V
Output voltage temperature
coefficient
Nominal, linear temperature coefficient, relative to
TINT = 25ºC. See Fig. 5 and Design Guidelines Section
ΔVOUT-TEMP
-0.67
mV/°C
The total output voltage setpoint accuracy from the
VOUT accuracy
%VOUT-ACCURACY calculated ideal VOUT based on load, temp and trim.
-3.0
3.0
%
Excludes ΔVOUT-LL
Rated output power
Rated output current
POUT
IOUT
Continuous, VOUT ≥ 5.0 V
Continuous, VOUT ≤ 5.0 V
160
W
A
32.00
Of rated IOUT max. Fully operational current limit, for
nominal trim and below
Output current limit
Current limit delay
IOUT-LM
100
120
136
%
tIOUT-LIM
The module will power limit in a fast transient event
Full load, nominal line, nominal trim
1
ms
%
%
%
89.4
85.2
77.9
90.4
Efficiency
η
Full load, over line and temperature, nominal trim
50% load, over rated line, temperature and trim
20 MHz bandwidth. At nominal trim, minimum COUT-EXTand
at least 25 % rated load
Output voltage ripple
VOUT-PP
360
mV
Output capacitance (internal)
COUT-INT
Effective value at nominal output voltage
At 1 MHz
143
µF
Output capacitance (internal) ESR
RCOUT-INT
0.097
mΩ
Excludes component temperature coefficient For load
transients that remain > 25% rated load
Output capacitance (external)
Output capacitance (external)
Output capacitance (external)
COUT-EXT
1000
3500
5000
10000
10000
10000
µF
µF
µF
Excludes component temperature coefficient For load
transients down to 0% rated load, with static trim
Excludes component temperature coefficient Forload
transientsdownto0%ratedload,withdynamictrimming
COUT-EXT-TRANS
COUT-EXT-
TRANS-TRIM
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 5 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Electrical Specifications (cont.)
Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the
temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
10
Typ
Max
Unit
Power Output Specifications (Cont.)
At 10 kHz, excludes component tolerances
See state diagram
Output capacitance, ESR (ext.)
Initialization delay
RCOUT-EXT
tINIT
mΩ
ms
25
40
From rising edge EN, with VIN pre-applied. See timing
diagram
Output turn-on delay
Output turn-off delay
tON
200
µs
µs
tOFF
From falling edge EN. See timing diagram
600
40
At full rated resistive load. Typ spec is 1-up with min
COUT-EXT. Max spec is for arrays with max COUT-EXT
During startup, VOUT must achieve this threshold before
Soft start ramp time
tSS
10
ms
VOUT threshold for max
rated load current
VOUT-FL-THRESH
IOUT-START
VOUT-MONOTONIC
3.5
V
A
output can support full rated current
Max load current at startup while VOUT
IOUT at startup
3.20
is below VOUT-FL_THRESH
Monotonic soft-start threshold
voltage
Output voltage rise becomes monotonic with 10% of
preload once it crosses VOUT-MONOTONIC
3.5
2
V
This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be
in the disabled state before it will attempt to start via EN
Minimum required disabled duration
tOFF-MIN
ms
This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in
tOFF-MONOTONIC the disabled state before it is guaranteed to exhibit
monotonic soft-start and have predictable startup timing
Minimum required disabled duration
for predictable restart
100
ms
Voltage deviation (transient)
Settling time
%VOUT-TRANS
<10
6.0
%
Minimum COUT_EXT (10 ↔ 90% load step), excluding
load line.
tSETTLE
ms
Powertrain Protections
Input Voltage Initialization threshold
Input Voltage Reset threshold
VIN-INIT
VIN-RESET
VIN-UVLO-
VIN-UVLO+
VIN-OVLO+
VIN-OVLO-
Threshold to start tINIT delay
6
V
V
V
V
V
V
Latching faults will clear once VIN falls below VIN-RESET
3
Input undervoltage recovery threshold
Input undervoltage lockout threshold
Input overvoltage lockout threshold
Input overvoltage recovery threshold
22
34
36
83
See Timing diagram
See Timing diagram
75
Output overvoltage threshold
Output overvoltage threshold
VOUT-OVP
From 25% to 100% load. Latched shutdown
6.9
V
V
VOUT-OVP-LL
From 0% to 25% load. Latched shutdown
7.2
Minimum current limited VOUT
Overtemperature threshold (internal)
Power limit
VOUT-UVP
TINT-OTP
PLIM
Over all operating steady-state line and trim conditions
3
V
125
°C
W
240
VIN overvoltage to cessation of
powertrain switching
tOVLO-SW
Independent of fault logic
For fault logic only
3.0
µs
VIN overvoltage response time
VIN undervoltage response time
Short circuit response time
tOVLO
tUVLO
tSC
200
100
200
µs
ms
µs
Powertrain on, operational state
See Timing diagram
Short circuit, or temperature fault
recovery time
tFAULT
1
s
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 6 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Signal Specifications
Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the
temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade.
Enable: EN
• The EN pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the unit will be disabled.
• The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
EN enable threshold
EN disable threshold
Internally generated VCC
SYMBOL
VENABLE-EN
VENABLE-DIS
VCC
CONDITIONS / NOTES
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
2.31
V
V
V
0.99
3.21 3.30 3.39
DIGITAL
INPUT
Any
EN internal pull up
resistance to VCC
RENABLE-INT
9.5
10.0 10.5
kΩ
Trim: TR
• The TR pin enables and disables trim functionality when VIN is initially applied to the DCM converter.
When Vin first crosses VIN-UVLO+, the voltage on TR determines whether or not trim is active.
• If TR is not floating at power up and has a voltage less than TR trim enable threshold, trim is active.
• If trim is active, the TR pin provides dynamic trim control with at least 30Hz of -3dB control bandwidth over the output voltage of the DCM converter.
• The TR pin has an internal pull-up to VCC and is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS / NOTES
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
Trim disabled when TR above this threshold
at power up
TR trim disable threshold
VTRIM-DIS
3.20
V
V
DIGITAL
INPUT
Startup
Trim enabled when TR below this threshold
at power up
TR trim enable threshold
VTRIM-EN
3.15
Internally generated VCC
TR pin functional range
VCC
3.21 3.30 3.39
V
V
VTRIM-RANGE
0.00 2.27 3.16
Operational
with Trim
enabled
ANALOG
INPUT
VOUT referred TR
pin resolution
VOUT-RES
With VCC = 3.3 V
12
mV
TR internal pull up
resistance to VCC
RTRIIM-INT
9.5
10.0 10.5
kΩ
Fault: FT
• The FT pin is a Fault flag pin.
• When the module is enabled and no fault is present, the FT pin does not have current drive capability.
• Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin output Vcc and provides current to drive
an external ciruit.
• When module starts up, the FT pin is pulled high to VCC during microcontroller initialization and will remain high until soft start process starts.
SIGNAL TYPE
STATE
ATTRIBUTE
SYMBOL
CONDITIONS / NOTES
MIN NOM MAX UNIT
FT internal pull up
resistance to VCC
Any
RFAULT-INT
474
3.0
4
499
524
kΩ
V
FT voltage
VFAULT-ACTIVE At rated current drive capability
Over-load beyond the ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM
DIGITAL
OUTPUT
FT current drive capability
IFAULT-ACTIVE
mA
FT Active
ratings may cause module damage
Delay from cessation of switching to
FT Pin Active
FT response time
tFT-ACTIVE
200
µs
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 7 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Functional Block Diagram
Primary & Secondary Powertrains
+VIN
+IN
Top Cell
+OUT
COUT-INT
CIN-INT
–OUT
Bottom Cell
–VIN
–IN
Control & Monitoring
Power
Limit
Synchronous
Floating
MOSFET Gate
driver
Primary
Based
OUT Sense
Modulator
V
Powertrain
Enable
Error Amplifier
VEAO
Temperature
Primary
Based
IOUT Sense
VCC
VOUT Load
Regulation
and ILIMIT
Reference
and Soft Start
TR
EN
Fault Monitoring
OTP
Output
Under
Voltage
FT
OVP
+VIN
Overvoltage
Lockout
Output
Short
Circuit
Undervoltage
Lockout
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 8 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
High Level Functional State Diagram
Conditions that cause state transitions are shown along arrows. Sub-sequence activities listed inside the state bubbles.
Application of
VIN
VIN > VIN-INIT
INITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE
NON LATCHED
FAULT
EN = False
MIN-OFF delay
t
tOFF
t
INIT delay
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
EN = False
tOFF-MIN delay
VIN > VIN-UVLO+ and
not Over-temp
TR mode latched
EN = True and
No Faults
tON delay
SOFT START
RUNNING
STANDBY
VOUT Ramp Up
ss delay
tSS Expiry
Regulates VOUT
t
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
EN = False
Powertrain: Active
FT = False
Powertrain: Active
FT = False
tOFF delay
REINITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE
t
INIT delay
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
NON LATCHED
FAULT
tFAULT
Fault Removed
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
LATCHED
FAULT
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
EN = False
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 9 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Timing Diagrams
Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 10 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Timing Diagrams (Cont.)
Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 11 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Typical Performance Characteristics
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
ꢂꢁꢂ
ꢂꢁꢀ
ꢀꢁꢊ
ꢀꢁꢉ
ꢀꢁꢈ
ꢀꢁꢇ
ꢀꢁꢆ
ꢀꢁꢅ
ꢀꢁꢄ
ꢀꢁꢃ
ꢀꢁꢂ
ꢀꢁꢀ
ꢄꢆ
ꢅꢀ
ꢅꢆ
ꢆꢀ
ꢆꢆ
ꢇꢀ
ꢇꢆ
ꢈꢀ
ꢈꢆ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢎꢇꢏꢄꢐꢑꢉꢅꢋꢎꢍ
ꢊꢀꢋꢌ
ꢃꢆꢋꢌ
ꢍꢅꢀꢋꢌ
Figure 3 — Disabled power dissipation vs. VIN
Figure 6 — Ideal VOUT vs. load current, at 25°C case
ꢅꢁꢀ
ꢄꢁꢂ
ꢄꢁꢀ
ꢃꢁꢂ
ꢃꢁꢀ
ꢀꢁꢂ
ꢀꢁꢀ
ꢅꢂ
ꢆꢀ
ꢆꢂ
ꢂꢀ
ꢂꢂ
ꢇꢀ
ꢇꢂ
ꢈꢀ
ꢈꢂ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃꢄꢅꢎꢇꢏꢄꢐꢑꢉꢅꢋꢎꢍ
ꢉꢀꢊꢋ
ꢄꢂꢊꢋ
ꢌꢆꢀꢊꢋ
Figure 7 — 100% to 10% load transient response, VIN = 48 V,
Figure 4 — No load power dissipation vs. VIN, at nominal trim
nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF
Figure 5 — Ideal VOUT vs. case temperature, at full load
Figure 8 — 10% to 100% load transient response, VIN = 48 V,
nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 12 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
ꢆꢇꢂꢃ
ꢆꢇꢂꢅ
ꢆꢅꢂꢃ
ꢆꢅꢂꢅ
ꢀꢆꢂꢃ
ꢀꢆꢂꢅ
ꢀꢀꢂꢃ
ꢀꢀꢂꢅ
ꢀꢄꢂꢃ
ꢀꢄꢂꢅ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃ
ꢅꢅꢀ
ꢅꢀꢀ
ꢉꢀ
ꢄꢀ
ꢈꢀ
ꢃꢀ
ꢇꢀ
ꢂꢀ
ꢆꢀ
ꢁꢀ
ꢅꢀ
ꢀ
ꢁꢃ
ꢁꢂ
ꢁꢁ
ꢁꢀ
ꢅꢄ
ꢅꢃ
ꢅꢂ
ꢅꢁ
ꢅꢀ
ꢄ
ꢃ
ꢂ
ꢁ
ꢀ
ꢆꢇ
ꢈꢃ
ꢉꢅ
ꢉꢃ
ꢃꢅ
ꢃꢃ
ꢁꢅ
ꢁꢃ
ꢄꢅ
ꢄꢃ
ꢀ
ꢇ
ꢅꢀ
ꢅꢇ
ꢁꢀ
ꢁꢇ
ꢆꢀ
ꢋꢅꢌꢍꢎꢇꢏꢐꢑꢎꢒꢓꢄꢇꢈꢏꢊ
ꢕꢁꢊꢖꢅꢗꢘꢄꢄꢃꢌꢋꢅꢍꢙꢏ
ꢆꢅꢊꢋ
ꢌꢃꢊꢋ
ꢍꢉꢅꢊꢋ
ꢈꢇꢊꢀꢋ
ꢈꢇꢊꢀꢋ
ꢂꢄꢊꢀꢋ
ꢂꢄꢊꢀꢋ
ꢆꢃꢊꢀꢋ
ꢆꢃꢊꢀꢋ
Figure 9 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, at low trim
Figure 12 — Efficiency and power dissipation vs.load at TCASE = -40°C,
nominal trim
ꢅꢆꢂꢄ
ꢅꢆꢂꢃ
ꢅꢃꢂꢄ
ꢅꢃꢂꢃ
ꢀꢅꢂꢄ
ꢀꢅꢂꢃ
ꢀꢀꢂꢄ
ꢀꢀꢂꢃ
ꢀꢁꢂꢄ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃ
ꢅꢅꢀ
ꢅꢀꢀ
ꢉꢀ
ꢄꢀ
ꢈꢀ
ꢃꢀ
ꢇꢀ
ꢂꢀ
ꢆꢀ
ꢁꢀ
ꢅꢀ
ꢀ
ꢁꢂ
ꢁꢁ
ꢁꢀ
ꢅꢄ
ꢅꢃ
ꢅꢂ
ꢅꢁ
ꢅꢀ
ꢄ
ꢃ
ꢂ
ꢁ
ꢀ
ꢆꢇ
ꢇꢄ
ꢈꢃ
ꢈꢄ
ꢄꢃ
ꢄꢄ
ꢉꢃ
ꢉꢄ
ꢁꢃ
ꢁꢄ
ꢀ
ꢇ
ꢅꢀ
ꢅꢇ
ꢁꢀ
ꢁꢇ
ꢆꢀ
ꢋꢅꢌꢍꢎꢇꢏꢐꢑꢎꢒꢓꢄꢇꢈꢏꢊ
ꢕꢁꢊꢖꢅꢗꢘꢄꢄꢃꢌꢋꢅꢍꢙꢏ
ꢅꢃꢊꢋ
ꢌꢄꢊꢋ
ꢍꢈꢃꢊꢋ
ꢈꢇꢊꢀꢋ
ꢈꢇꢊꢀꢋ
ꢂꢄꢊꢀꢋ
ꢂꢄꢊꢀꢋ
ꢆꢃꢊꢀꢋ
ꢆꢃꢊꢀꢋ
Figure 10 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, at nominal trim
Figure 13 — Efficiency and power dissipation vs.load at TCASE = 25°C,
nominal trim
ꢅꢅꢀ
ꢅꢀꢀ
ꢉꢀ
ꢄꢀ
ꢈꢀ
ꢃꢀ
ꢇꢀ
ꢂꢀ
ꢆꢀ
ꢁꢀ
ꢅꢀ
ꢀ
ꢁꢂ
ꢅꢇꢂꢃ
ꢅꢆꢂꢄ
ꢅꢆꢂꢃ
ꢅꢃꢂꢄ
ꢅꢃꢂꢃ
ꢀꢅꢂꢄ
ꢀꢅꢂꢃ
ꢀꢀꢂꢄ
ꢀꢀꢂꢃ
ꢀꢁꢂꢄ
ꢀꢁꢂꢃ
ꢁꢁ
ꢁꢀ
ꢅꢄ
ꢅꢃ
ꢅꢂ
ꢅꢁ
ꢅꢀ
ꢄ
ꢃ
ꢂ
ꢁ
ꢀ
ꢆꢇ
ꢀ
ꢇ
ꢅꢀ
ꢅꢇ
ꢁꢀ
ꢁꢇ
ꢆꢀ
ꢈꢄ
ꢉꢃ
ꢉꢄ
ꢄꢃ
ꢄꢄ
ꢊꢃ
ꢊꢄ
ꢁꢃ
ꢁꢄ
ꢕꢁꢊꢖꢅꢗꢘꢄꢄꢃꢌꢋꢅꢍꢙꢏ
ꢋꢅꢌꢍꢎꢇꢏꢐꢑꢎꢒꢓꢄꢇꢈꢏꢊ
ꢈꢇꢊꢀꢋ
ꢈꢇꢊꢀꢋ
ꢂꢄꢊꢀꢋ
ꢂꢄꢊꢀꢋ
ꢆꢃꢊꢀꢋ
ꢆꢃꢊꢀꢋ
ꢅꢃꢋꢌ
ꢇꢄꢋꢌ
ꢍꢉꢃꢋꢌ
Figure 14 — Efficiency and power dissipation vs.load at TCASE = 90°C,
Figure 11 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, at high trim
nominal trim
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 13 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
ꢈꢀꢀ
ꢇꢀꢀ
ꢆꢀꢀ
ꢅꢀꢀ
ꢄꢀꢀ
ꢃꢀꢀ
ꢂꢀꢀ
ꢁꢀꢀ
ꢀ
ꢈꢀꢀ
ꢇꢀꢀ
ꢆꢀꢀ
ꢅꢀꢀ
ꢄꢀꢀ
ꢃꢀꢀ
ꢂꢀꢀ
ꢁꢀꢀ
ꢀ
ꢅꢀ
ꢆꢀ
ꢇꢀ
ꢈꢀ
ꢉꢀ
ꢁꢀꢀ
ꢅꢀ
ꢆꢀ
ꢇꢀ
ꢈꢀ
ꢉꢀ
ꢁꢀꢀ
ꢔꢕꢖꢗꢈꢏꢘꢓ
ꢔꢕꢖꢗꢈꢏꢘꢓ
ꢇꢅꢊꢀꢋꢌ
ꢄꢈꢊꢀꢋꢌ
ꢃꢆꢊꢀꢋꢌ
ꢊꢋꢌꢍꢎꢏꢐꢋꢑ
ꢒꢓꢑꢎꢏꢐꢋꢑ
ꢔꢓꢕꢎꢏꢐꢋꢑ
Figure 15 — Nominal powertrain switching frequency vs. load,
Figure 18 — Nominal powertrain switching frequency vs. load,
at nominal trim
at nominal VIN
Figure 19 — Output voltage ripple, VIN = 48 V,
Figure 16 — Effective internal input capacitance vs. applied voltage
V
OUT = 5.0 V, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF, RLOAD = 0.156 Ω
Figure 17 —Startup from EN, VIN = 48 V, COUT_EXT = 10000 µF,
LOAD = 0.156 Ω
R
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 14 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
General Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the
temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Mechanical
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Length
Width
L
W
H
38.13/[1.501] 38.72/[1.524] 38.89/[1.531]
22.67/[0.893] 22.8/[0.898] 22.93/[0.903]
mm/[in]
mm/[in]
mm/[in]
cm3/[in3]
g/[oz]
Height
Volume
Weight
7.21/[0.284]
7.26/[0.286]
6.41/[0.39]
24.0/[0.85]
7.31/[0.288]
Vol
W
No heat sink
Nickel
0.51
0.02
2.03
0.15
Lead finish
Palladium
Gold
µm
0.003
0.051
Thermal
T-Grade
-40
-55
125
125
°C
°C
Operating internal temperature
Thermal resistance top side
TINT
M-Grade
Estimated thermal resistance to maximum
temperature internal component from
isothermal top
ΦINT-TOP
2.08
4.09
°C/W
°C/W
Estimated thermal resistance to
Thermal resistance leads
ΦINT-LEADS maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal leads
Estimated thermal resistance to
Thermal resistance bottom side
Thermal capacity
ΦINT-BOTTOM maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal bottom
2.45
17.7
°C/W
Ws/°C
Assembly
T-Grade
TST
-40
-65
125
125
°C
°C
Storage temperature
ESD rating
M-Grade
Method per Human Body Model Test
HBM
CLASS 1C
CLASS 2
ESDA/JEDEC JDS-001-2012
V
CDM
Charged Device Model JESD22-C101E
Soldering [1]
For further information, please contact
factory applications
Peak temperature top case
135
°C
[1] Product is not intended for reflow solder attach.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 15 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
General Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications apply over the
temperature range of -40°C < TINT < 125°C for T grade and -55°C < TINT < 125°C for M grade.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Safety
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
IN to OUT
2250
2250
707
Vdc
Vdc
Vdc
Dielectric Withstand Test
VHIPOT
IN to CASE
OUT to CASE
Reliability
MIL-HDBK-217 FN2 Parts Count 25°C
Ground Benign, Stationary, Indoors /
Computer
3.39
5.68
MHrs
MHrs
MTBF
Telcordia Issue 2, Method I Case 3, 25°C,
100% D.C., GB, GC
Agency Approvals
Agency approvals/standards
CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive, as applicable
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 16 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
The DCM will latch trim behavior at application of VIN (once VIN
exceeds VIN-UVLO+), and persist in that same behavior until loss of
input voltage.
n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at above VTRIM-DIS, the
module will latch in a non-trim mode, and will ignore the TR
input for as long as VIN is present.
Pin Functions
+IN, -IN
Input power pins. -IN is the reference for all control pins, and
therefore a Kelvin connection for the control signals is
recommended as close as possible to the pin on the package, to
reduce effects of voltage drop due to -IN currents.
n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at below VTRIM-EN, the TR
will serve as an input to control the real time output voltage,
relative to full load, 25°C. It will persist in this behavior until VIN is
no longer present.
+OUT, -OUT
Output power pins.
If trim is active when the DCM is operating, the TR pin provides
dynamic trim control at a typical 30 Hz of -3dB bandwidth over the
output voltage. TR also decreases the current limit threshold when
EN (Enable)
This pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the
unit will be disabled. It is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC through a
10 kΩ resistor.
n Output enable: When EN is allowed to pull up above the enable
threshold, the module will be enabled. If leaving EN floating, it is
pulled up to VCC and the module will be enabled.
trimming above VOUT-NOM
.
FT (Fault)
The FT pin provides a Fault signal.
Anytime the module is enabled and has not recognized a fault, the
FT pin is inactive. FT has an internal 499 kΩ pull-up to Vcc, therefore
a shunt resistor, RSHUNT, of approximately 50 kΩ can be used to
ensure the LED is completly off when there is no fault, per the
diagram below.
n Output disable: EN may be pulled down externally in order
to disable the module.
n EN is an input only, it does not pull low in the event of a fault.
Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or
disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin becomes active
and provides current to drive an external circuit.
n The EN pins of multiple units should be driven high concurrently
to permit the array to start in to maximum rated load. However,
the direct interconnection of multiple EN pins requires additional
considerations, as discussed in the section on Array Operation.
When active, FT pin drives to VCC, with up to 4 mA of external
loading. Module may be damaged from an over-current FT drive,
thus a resistor in series for current limiting is recommended.
TR (Trim)
The TR pin is used to select the trim mode and to trim the output
voltage of the DCM converter. The TR pin has an internal pull-up to
The FT pin becomes active momentarily when the module starts up.
V
CC through a 10.0 kΩ resistor.
Typical External Circuits for Signal Pins (TR, EN, FT)
Vcc
Vcc
Vcc
Fault
Monitoring
499k
10k
10k
Output Voltage
Reference,
Soft Start and
Fault Monitoring
Current Limit
Reference
and Soft Start Control
FT
TR
EN
SW
RSERIES
RTRIM
RSHUNT
Kelvin -IN connection
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 17 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
A second additive term to the programmed output voltage is based
on the temperature of the module. This term permits improved
thermal balancing among modules in an array, especially when the
factory nominal trim point is utilized (trim mode inactive). This term
is much smaller than the load line described above, representing
only a -0.67 mV/°C change. Regulation coefficient is relative to 25°C.
Design Guidelines
Building Blocks and System Design
The DCM™ converter input accepts the full 36 to 75 V range, and it
generates an isolated trimmable 5.0 Vdc output. Multiple DCMs may
be paralleled for higher power capacity via wireless load sharing,
even when they are operating off of different input voltage supplies.
For nominal trim and full load, the output voltage relates to the
temperature according to the following equation:
The DCM converter provides a regulated output voltage around
defined nominal load line and temperature coefficients. The load line
and temperature coefficients enable configuration of an array of
DCM converters which manage the output load with no share bus
among modules. Downstream regulators may be used to provide
tighter voltage regulation, if required.
VOUT-FL = 5.0 -0.667 • 0.001 • (TINT - 25)
(2)
where TINT is in °C.
The DCM48AP050x160A50 may be used in standalone applications
where the output power requirements are up to 160 W. However, it is
easily deployed as arrays of modules to increase power handling
capacity. Arrays of up to eight units have been qualified for 1250 W
capacity. Application of DCM converters in an array requires no
derating of the maximum available power versus what is specified
for a single module.
The impact of temperature coefficient on the output voltage is
absolute, and does not scale with trim or load.
Trim Mode and Output Trim Control
When the input voltage is initially applied to a DCM, and after tINIT
elapses, the trim pin voltage VTR is sampled. The TR pin has an
internal pull up resistor to VCC, so unless external circuitry pulls the
pin voltage lower, it will pull up to VCC. If the initially sampled trim
pin voltage is higher than VTRIM-DIS, then the DCM will disable
trimming as long as the VIN remains applied. In this case, for all
subsequent operation the output voltage will be programmed to the
nominal. This minimizes the support components required for
applications that only require the nominal rated Vout, and also
provides the best output setpoint accuracy, as there are no additional
errors from external trim components
Soft Start
When the DCM starts, it will go through a soft start. The soft start
routine ramps the output voltage by modulating the internal error
amplifier reference. This causes the output voltage to approximate a
piecewise linear ramp. The output ramp finishes when the voltage
reaches either the nominal output voltage, or the trimmed output
voltage in cases where trim mode is active.
During soft-start, the maximum load current capability is reduced.
Until Vout achieves at least VOUT-FL-THRESH, the output current must be
less than IOUT-START in order to guarantee startup. Note that this is
current available to the load, above that which is required to charge
the output capacitor.
If at initial application of VIN, the TR pin voltage is prevented from
exceeding VTRIM-EN, then the DCM will activate trim mode, and it will
remain active for as long as VIN is applied.
VOUT set point under full load and room temperature can be
calculated using the equation below:
Nominal Output Voltage Load Line
VOUT-FL @ 25°C = 2.89 + (3.060 • VTR/VCC
)
(3)
Throughout this document, the programmed output voltage, (either
the specified nominal output voltage if trim is inactive or the
trimmed output voltage if trim is active), is specified at full load, and
at room temperature. The actual output voltage of the DCM is given
by the programmed trimmed output voltage, with modification
based on load and temperature. The nominal output voltage is 5.0 V,
and the actual output voltage will match this at full load and room
temperature with trim inactive.
Note that the trim mode is not changed when a DCM recovers from
any fault condition or being disabled.
Module performance is guaranteed through output voltage trim
range VOUT-TRIMMING. If VOUT is trimmed above this range, then certain
combinations of line and load transient conditions may trigger the
output OVP.
The largest modification to the actual output voltage compared to
the programmed output is due to the 5.263% VOUT-NOM load line,
which for this model corresponds to ΔVOUT-LOAD of 0.2632V. As the
load is reduced, the internal error amplifier reference, and by
extension the output voltage, rises in response. This load line is the
primary enabler of the wireless current sharing amongst an array of
DCMs.
Overall Output Voltage Transfer Function
Taking load line (equation 1), temperature coefficient (equation 2)
and trim (equation 3) into account, the general equation relating the
DC VOUT to programmed trim (when active), load, and temperature is
given by:
VOUT = 2.89 + (3.060 • VTR/VCC
)
The load line impact on the output voltage is absolute, and does not
scale with programmed trim voltage.
+ 0.2632 • (1 - IOUT / 32.00)
-0.667 • 0.001 • (TINT -25) + ∆VOUT-LL
(4)
For a given programmed output voltage, the actual output voltage
versus load current at for nominal trim and room temperature is
given by the following equation:
Finally, note that when the load current is below 25% of the rated
capacity, there is an additional ∆V which may add to the output
voltage, depending on the line voltage which is related to Burst
Mode. Please see the section on Burst Mode below for details.
VOUT @ 25° = 5.0 + 0.2632 • (1 - IOUT / 32.00)
(1)
Use 0 V for ∆VOUT-LL when load is above 25% of rated load. See
section on Burst Mode operation for light load effects on output
voltage.
Nominal Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 18 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Output Current Limit
n Maximum voltage rating (usually greater than the maximum
The DCM features a fully operational current limit which effectively
keeps the module operating inside the Safe Operating Area (SOA) for
all valid trim and load profiles. The current limit approximates a
“brick wall” limit, where the output current is prevented from
exceeding the current limit threshold by reducing the output voltage
via the internal error amplifier reference. The current limit threshold
at nominal trim and below is typically 120% of rated output current,
but it can vary between 100% to 136%. In order to preserve the SOA,
when the converter is trimmed above the nominal output voltage,
the current limit threshold is automatically reduced to limit the
available output power.
possible input voltage)
n Ambient temperature
n Breaking capacity per application requirements
n Nominal melting I2t
n Recommended fuse: See Agency Approvals for Recommended Fuse
http://www.vicorpower.com/dc-dc-converter-board-mount/dcm-
dc-dc_converter#Documentation
Fault Handling
Input Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVLO)
When the output current exceeds the current limit threshold, current
limit action is held off by 1ms, which permits the DCM to
momentarily deliver higher peak output currents to the load. Peak
output power during this time is still constrained by the internal
Power Limit of the module. The fast Power Limit and relatively slow
Current Limit work together to keep the module inside the SOA.
Delaying entry into current limit also permits the DCM to minimize
droop voltage for load steps.
The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input under
voltage condition. If the converter is not already running, then it will
ignore enable commands until the input voltage is greater than
VIN-UVLO+. If the converter is running and the input voltage falls
below VIN-UVLO-, the converter recognizes a fault condition, the
powertrain stops switching, and the output voltage of the unit falls.
Input voltage transients which fall below UVLO for less than tUVLO
may not be detected by the fault proection logic, in which case the
converter will continue regular operation. No protection is required
in this case.
Sustained operation in current limit is permitted, and no derating of
output power is required, even in an array configuration.
Some applications may benefit from well matched current
distribution, in which case fine tuning sharing via the trim pins
permits control over sharing. The DCM does not require this for
proper operation, due to the power limit and current limit behaviors
described here.
Once the UVLO fault is detected by the fault protection logic, the
converter shuts down and waits for the input voltage to rise above
VIN-UVLO+. Provided the converter is still enabled, it will then restart.
Input Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVLO)
The converter’s input voltage is monitored to detect an input over
voltage condition. When the input voltage is more than the
Current limit can reduce the output voltage to as little as the UVP
threshold (VOUT-UVP). Below this minimum output voltage
compliance level, further loading will cause the module to shut
down due to the output undervoltage fault protection.
VIN-OVLO+, a fault is detected, the powertrain stops switching, and the
output voltage of the converter falls.
After an OVLO fault occurs, the converter will wait for the input
voltage to fall below VIN-OVLO-. Provided the converter is still enabled,
the powertrain will restart.
Line Impedance, Input Slew rate and Input Stability Requirements
Connect a high-quality, low-noise power supply to the +IN and –IN
terminals. Additional capacitance may have to be added between +IN
and –IN to make up for impedances in the interconnect cables as
well as deficiencies in the source.
The powertrain controller itself also monitors the input voltage.
Transient OVLO events which have not yet been detected by the fault
sequence logic may first be detected by the controller if the input
slew rate is sufficiently large. In this case, powertrain switching will
immediately stop. If the input voltage falls back in range before the
fault sequence logic detects the out of range condition, the
powertrain will resume switching and the fault logic will not
interrupt operation Regardless of whether the powertrain is running
at the time or not, if the input voltage does not recover from OVLO
before tOVLO, the converter fault logic will detect the fault.
Excessive source impedance can bring about system stability issues
for a regulated DC-DC converter, and must either be avoided or
compensated by filtering components. A 1 µF input capacitor is the
minimum recommended in case the source impedance is
insufficient to satisfy stability requirements.
Additional information can be found in the filter design application
note:
www.vicorpower.com/documents/application_notes/vichip_appnote23.pdf
Output Undervoltage Fault Protection (UVP)
Please refer to this input filter design tool to ensure input stability:
http://app2.vicorpower.com/filterDesign/intiFilter.do.
The converter determines that an output overload or short circuit
condition exists by measuring its primary sensed output voltage and
the output of the internal error amplifier. In general, whenever the
powertrain is switching and the primary-sensed output voltage falls
below VOUT-UVP threshold, a short circuit fault will be registered. Once
an output undervoltage condition is detected, the powertrain
immediately stops switching, and the output voltage of the converter
falls. The converter remains disabled for a time tFAULT. Once recovered
and provided the converter is still enabled, the powertrain will again
Ensure that the input voltage slew rate is less than 1V/us, otherwise a
pre-charge circuit is required for the DCM input to control the input
voltage slew rate and prevent overstress to input stage components.
Input Fuse Selection
The DCM is not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in
configuring power systems. Input line fusing is recommended at the
system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of
catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected by closely matching
system requirements with the following characteristics:
enter the soft start sequence after tINIT and tON
.
Temperature Fault Protections (OTP)
The fault logic monitors the internal temperature of the converter. If
the measured temperature exceeds TINT-OTP, a temperature fault is
registered. As with the under voltage fault protection, once a
n Current rating (usually greater than the DCM converter’s
maximum current)
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 19 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
temperature fault is registered, the powertrain immediately stops
switching, the output voltage of the converter falls, and the converter
remains disabled for at least time tFAULT. Then, the converter waits for
the internal temperature to return to below TINT-OTP before
The ChiP package provides a high degree of flexibility in that it
presents three pathways to remove heat from internal power
dissipating components. Heat may be removed from the top surface,
the bottom surface and the leads. The extent to which these three
surfaces are cooled is a key component for determining the
maximum power that is available from a ChiP, as can be seen from
Figure 20.
recovering. Provided the converter is still enabled, the DCM will
restart after tINIT and tON
.
Output Overvoltage Fault Protection (OVP)
Since the ChiP has a maximum internal temperature rating, it is
necessary to estimate this internal temperature based on a real
thermal solution. Given that there are three pathways to remove heat
from the ChiP, it is helpful to simplify the thermal solution into a
roughly equivalent circuit where power dissipation is modeled as a
current source, isothermal surface temperatures are represented as
voltage sources and the thermal resistances are represented as
resistors. Figure 20 shows the "thermal circuit" for a 3623 ChiP DCM,
in an application where both case top and case bottom, and leads are
cooled. In this case, the DCM power dissipation is PDTOTAL and the
The converter monitors the output voltage during each switching
cycle by a corresponding voltage reflected to the primary side control
circuitry. If the primary sensed output voltage exceeds VOUT-OVP, the
OVP fault protection is triggered. The control logic disables the
powertrain, and the output voltage of the converter falls.
This type of fault is latched, and the converter will not start again
until the latch is cleared. Clearing the fault latch is achieved by either
disabling the converter via the EN pin, or else by removing the input
power such that the input voltage falls below VIN-INIT
.
three surface temperatures are represented as TCASE_TOP, TCASE_BOTTOM
and TLEADS. This thermal system can now be very easily analyzed
with simple resistors, voltage sources, and a current source.
,
External Output Capacitance
The DCM converter internal compensation requires a minimum
external output capacitor. An external capacitor in the range of 1000
to 10000 µF with ESR of 10 mΩ is required, per DCM for control loop
compensation purposes.
This analysis provides an estimate of heat flow through the various
pathways as well as internal temperature.
However some DCM models require an increase to the minimum
external output capacitor value in certain loading and trim
condition. In applications where the load can go below 25% of rated
load but the output trim is held constant, the range of output
capacitor required is given by COUT-EXT-TRANS in the Electrical
Specifications table. If the load can go below 25% of rated load and
the DCM output trim is also dynamically varied, the range of output
capacitor required is given by COUT-EXT-TRANS-TRIM in the Electrical
Specifications table.
Thermal Resistance Top
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
ΦINT-TOP°C / W
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Thermal Resistance Leads
ΦINT-BOTTOM°C / W
ΦINT-LEADS°C / W
+
–
+
–
+
–
T
CASE_BOTTOM(°C)
TLEADS(°C)
TCASE_TOP(°C)
Power Dissipation (W)
Burst Mode
Under light load conditions, the DCM converter may operate in burst
mode depending on the line voltage. Burst mode occurs whenever
the internal power consumption of the converter combined with the
external output load is less than the minimum power transfer per
switching cycle. In order to maintain regulation, the error amplifier
will switch the powertrain off and on repeatedly, to effectively lower
the average switching frequency, and permit operation with no
external load. During the time when the power train is off, the
module internal consumption is significantly reduced, and so there
is a notable reduction in no-load input power in burst mode. When
the load is less than 25% of rated Iout, the output voltage may rise by
a maximum of 1.05 V, above the output voltage calculated from trim,
temperature, and load line conditions.
Figure 20 — Double side cooling and leads thermal model
Alternatively, equations can be written around this circuit and
analyzed algebraically:
TINT – PD1 • ΦINT-TOP = TCASE_TOP
TINT – PD2 • ΦINT-BOTTOM = TCASE_BOTTOM
TINT – PD3 • ΦINT-LEADS = TLEADS
PDTOTAL = PD1+ PD2+ PD3
Where TINT represents the internal temperature and PD1, PD2, and
PD3 represent the heat flow through the top side, bottom side, and
leads respectively.
Thermal Design
Based on the safe thermal operating area shown in page 5, the full
rated power of the DCM48AP050x160A50 can be processed provided
that the top, bottom, and leads are all held below 95°C. These curves
highlight the benefits of dual sided thermal management, but also
demonstrate the flexibility of the Vicor ChiP platform for customers
who are limited to cooling only the top or the
Thermal Resistance Top
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
ΦINT-TOP°C / W
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Thermal Resistance Leads
ΦINT-BOTTOM°C / W
ΦINT-LEADS°C / W
+
–
+
–
T
CASE_BOTTOM(°C)
TLEADS(°C)
TCASE_TOP(°C)
Power Dissipation (W)
bottom surface.
The OTP sensor is located on the top side of the internal PCB
structure. Therefore in order to ensure effective over-temperature
fault protection, the case bottom temperature must be constrained
by the thermal solution such that it does not exceed the temperature
of the case top.
Figure 21 — One side cooling and leads thermal model
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 20 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Figure 21 shows a scenario where there is no bottom side cooling.
In this case, the heat flow path to the bottom is left open and the
equations now simplify to:
output ripple filtering;
In order to help sensitive signal circuits reject potential noise,
additional components are recommended:
R2_x: 301 Ohm, facilitate noise attenuation for TR pin;
FB1_x, C2_x: FB1 is a ferrite bead with an impedance of at least 10 Ω
at 100MHz. C2_x can be a ceramic capacitor of 0.1uF. Facilitate noise
attenuation for EN pin.
TINT – PD1 • ΦINT-TOP = TCASE_TOP
TINT – PD3 • ΦINT-LEADS = TLEADS
PDTOTAL = PD1 + PD3
VTR VEN
DCM1
R2_1
TR
EN
FT
FB1_1
C2_1
R1_1
L1_1
Thermal Resistance Top
MAX INTERNAL TEMP
L2_1
F1_1
ΦINT-TOP°C / W
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
C1_1
C3_1
C4
C5
Thermal Resistance Bottom
Thermal Resistance Leads
ΦINT-BOTTOM°C / W
Φ
INT-LEADS°C / W
DCM2
R2_2
TR
EN
FT
+
–
T
CASE_BOTTOM(°C)
TLEADS(°C)
TCASE_TOP(°C)
Power Dissipation (W)
FB1_2
C2_2
R1_2
L1_2
L2_2
F1_2
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
C1_2
C3_2
≈≈
≈ ≈
≈
R2_8
≈ ≈
Figure 22 — One side cooling thermal model
DCM8
TR
EN
FT
FB1_8
C2_8
R1_8
R3
Figure 22 shows a scenario where there is no bottom side and leads
cooling. In this case, the heat flow path to the bottom is left open and
the equations now simplify to:
L2_8
F1_8
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
L1_8
R4
D1
C1_8
C3_8
Shared -IN Kelvin
Figure 23 — DCM paralleling configuration circuit 1
TINT – PD1 • ΦINT-TOP = TCASE_TOP
PDTOTAL = PD1
When common mode noise rejection in the input side is needed,
common modes choke can be added in the input side of each DCM.
An example of DCM paralleling circuit is shown below:
Vicor provides a suite of online tools, including a simulator and
thermal estimator which greatly simplify the task of determining
whether or not a DCM thermal configuration is sufficient for a given
condition. These tools can be found at:
www.vicorpower.com/powerbench.
DCM1
R2_1
TR
+
EN
Array Operation
+
FB1_1
C2_1
FT
R1_1
L1_1
R3_1
VTR1
A decoupling network is needed to facilitate paralleling:
n An output inductor should be added to each DCM, before the
outputs are bussed together to provide decoupling.
VEN1
L2_1
F1_1
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
+IN
+OUT
-OUT
R4_1
D1_1
C1_1
C3_1
_
_
C4
C5
-IN
DCM2
R2_2
n Each DCM needs a separate input filter, even if the multiple DCMs
share the same input voltage source. These filters limit the ripple
current reflected from each DCM, and also help suppress
generation of beat frequency currents that can result when
multiple powertrains input stages are permitted to
direclty interact.
TR
EN
FT
+
FB1_2
C2_2
+
R1_2
L1_2
R3_2
VTR2
VEN2
L2_2
C3_2
F1_2
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
R4_2
D1_2
C1_2
_
_
≈≈
≈ ≈
DCM8
R2_8
TR
EN
FT
+
If signal pins (TR, EN, FT) are not used, they can be left floating, and
DCM will work in the nominal output condition.
+
FB1_8
C2_8
R1_8
L1_8
R3_8
VTR8
VEN8
L2_8
C3_8
F1_8
+IN
-IN
+OUT
-OUT
R4_8
D1_8
When common mode noise in the input side is not a concern, TR and
EN can be driven and FT received using a single Kelvin connection to
the shared -IN as a reference.
C1_8
_
_
Figure 24 — DCM paralleling configuration circuit 2
An example of DCM paralleling circuit is shown in Figure 23.
Notice that each group of control pins need to be individually driven
and isolated from the other groups control pins. This is because -IN
of each DCM can be at a different voltage due to the common mode
chokes. Attempting to share control pin circuitry could lead to
incorrect behavior of the DCMs.
Recommended values to start with:
L1_x: 1 uH, minimized DCR;
R1_x: 0.3 Ω;
C1_x: Ceramic capacitors in parallel, C1 = 20 µF;
L2_x: L2 ≥ 0.15 uH;
C3_x: electrolytic or tantalum capacitor, 1000 uF ≤ C3 ≤10000 uF;
C4, C5: additional ceramic /electrolytic capacitors, if needed for
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 21 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
An array of DCMs used at the full array rated power may generally
have one or more DCMs operating at current limit, due to sharing
errors. Load sharing is functionally managed by the load line.
Thermal balancing is improved by the nominal effective temperature
coefficient of the output voltage setpoint.
DCMs in current limit will operate with higher output current or
power than the rated levels. Therefore the following Thermal Safe
Operating Area plot should be used for array use, or loads that drive
the DCM in to current limit for sustained operation.
Figure 25 — Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Power
Dissipation vs. Case Temp for arrays or current
limited operation
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 22 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
DCM Module Product Outline Drawing Recommended PCB Footprint and Pinout
38.72 .38
1.524 .ꢀ15
11.43
.45ꢀ
19.36
.762
1.52
.ꢀ6ꢀ
(2) PL.
11.4ꢀ
.449
ꢀ
ꢀ
22.8ꢀ .13
.898 .ꢀꢀ5
1.ꢀ2
.ꢀ4ꢀ
(3) PL.
1.52
.ꢀ6ꢀ
(4) PL.
TOP VIEW (COMPONENT SIDE)
.ꢀ5 [.ꢀꢀ2]
7.26 .ꢀ5
.286 .ꢀꢀ2
SEATING
.
PLANE
4.17
.164
.41
.ꢀ16
(9) PL.
(9) PL.
8.25
.325
8.ꢀꢀ
.315
2.75
.1ꢀ8
1.38
.ꢀ54
ꢀ
ꢀ
1.38
.ꢀ54
2.75
.1ꢀ8
4.13
.162
8.ꢀꢀ
.315
8.25
.325
BOTTOM VIEW
1.52
.ꢀ6ꢀ
PLATED THRU
.25 [.ꢀ1ꢀ]
ANNULAR RING
(3) PL.
8.25 .ꢀ8
.325 .ꢀꢀ3
8.ꢀꢀ .ꢀ8
.315 .ꢀꢀ3
+IN
+OUT
2.75 .ꢀ8
.1ꢀ8 .ꢀꢀ3
-OUT
+OUT
-OUT
1.38 .ꢀ8
.ꢀ54 .ꢀꢀ3
TR
EN
FT
ꢀ
ꢀ
1.38 .ꢀ8
.ꢀ54 .ꢀꢀ3
2.75 .ꢀ8
.1ꢀ8 .ꢀꢀ3
4.13 .ꢀ8
.162 .ꢀꢀ3
8.ꢀꢀ .ꢀ8
.315 .ꢀꢀ3
8.25 .ꢀ8
.325 .ꢀꢀ3
-IN
2.ꢀ3
.ꢀ8ꢀ
2.ꢀ3
.ꢀ8ꢀ
PLATED THRU
.25 [.ꢀ1ꢀ]
ANNULAR RING
PLATED THRU
.38 [.ꢀ15]
ANNULAR RING
(4) PL.
RECOMMENDED HOLE PATTERN
(COMPONENT SIDE)
(2) PL.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 23 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Revision History
Revision
1.0
Date
Description
Page Number(s)
07/07/15
09/30/15
Intital release
Updated Output voltage light load regulation min value
n/a
5
1.1
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 24 of 25
09/2015
DCM48AP050x160A50
Vicor’s comprehensive line of power solutions includes high density AC-DC and DC-DC modules and
accessory components, fully configurable AC-DC and DC-DC power supplies, and complete custom
power systems.
Information furnished by Vicor is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Vicor for its use. Vicor makes no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication. Vicor reserves the right to make
changes to any products, specifications, and product descriptions at any time without notice. Information published by Vicor has been checked and
is believed to be accurate at the time it was printed; however, Vicor assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies. Testing and other quality controls are
used to the extent Vicor deems necessary to support Vicor’s product warranty. Except where mandated by government requirements, testing of all
parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions
All sales are subject to Vicor’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, which are available on Vicor’s webpage or upon request.
Product Warranty
In Vicor’s standard terms and conditions of sale, Vicor warrants that its products are free from non-conformity to its Standard Specifications (the
“Express Limited Warranty”). This warranty is extended only to the original Buyer for the period expiring two (2) years after the date of shipment
and is not transferable.
UNLESS OTHERWISE EXPRESSLY STATED IN A WRITTEN SALES AGREEMENT SIGNED BY A DULY AUTHORIZED VICOR SIGNATORY, VICOR DISCLAIMS
ALL REPRESENTATIONS, LIABILITIES, AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND (WHETHER ARISING BY IMPLICATION OR BY OPERATION OF LAW) WITH
RESPECT TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS AS TO MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT, OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT, OR ANY OTHER MATTER.
This warranty does not extend to products subjected to misuse, accident, or improper application, maintenance, or storage. Vicor shall not be liable
for collateral or consequential damage. Vicor disclaims any and all liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit and assumes
no liability for applications assistance or buyer product design. Buyers are responsible for their products and applications using Vicor products and
components. Prior to using or distributing any products that include Vicor components, buyers should provide adequate design, testing and
operating safeguards.
Vicor will repair or replace defective products in accordance with its own best judgment. For service under this warranty, the buyer must contact
Vicor to obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and shipping instructions. Products returned without prior authorization will be
returned to the buyer. The buyer will pay all charges incurred in returning the product to the factory. Vicor will pay all reshipment charges if the
product was defective within the terms of this warranty.
Life Support Policy
VICOR’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS
PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF VICOR CORPORATION. As used herein, life support
devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform
when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the
user. A critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the
failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness. Per Vicor Terms and Conditions of Sale, the user of Vicor products
and components in life support applications assumes all risks of such use and indemnifies Vicor against all liability and damages.
Intellectual Property Notice
Vicor and its subsidiaries own Intellectual Property (including issued U.S. and Foreign Patents and pending patent applications) relating to the
products described in this data sheet. No license, whether express, implied, or arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is
granted by this document. Interested parties should contact Vicor's Intellectual Property Department.
The products described on this data sheet are protected by the following U.S. Patents Numbers:
RE40,072; 7,561,446; 7,920,391; 7,782,639; 8,427,269; 6,421,262 and other patents pending.
Vicor Corporation
25 Frontage Road
Andover, MA, USA 01810
Tel: 800-735-6200
Fax: 978-475-6715
email
Customer Service: custserv@vicorpower.com
Technical Support: apps@vicorpower.com
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.1
vicorpower.com
800 927.9474
Page 25 of 25
09/2015
相关型号：
©2020 ICPDF网 联系我们和版权申明