QT100-ISG [QUANTUM]
CHARGE-TRANSFER IC; 电荷转移IC
| 型号： | QT100-ISG |
| 厂家： | 
QUANTUM RESEARCH GROUP |
| 描述： | CHARGE-TRANSFER IC |
| 文件： | 总10页 (文件大小：64K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
LQ
QT100
HARGE-TRANSFER QTOUCH™ IC
C
! 2V to 5V single supply operation
! 10µA low power mode @ 2V
! Self-calibrating on power-up
! Sensitivity easily adjusted
! Consensus filter for noise immunity
! Autorecalibration timeout
OUT
VSS
1
2
3
6
5
4
SYNC/MODE
VDD
SNSK
SNS
! HeartBeat™ health indicator on output
! Only a few passive external parts required
! RoHS compliant SOT23-6 package
The QT100 charge-transfer (‘QT’) touch sensor is a self-contained digital IC capable of detecting near-proximity or touch. It will
project a touch or proximity field through any dielectric like glass, plastic, stone, ceramic, and even most kinds of wood. It can
also turn small metal-bearing objects into intrinsic sensors, making them responsive to proximity or touch. This
capability, coupled with its ability to self-calibrate, can lead to entirely new product concepts.
It is designed specifically for human interfaces, like control panels, appliances, toys, lighting controls, or anywhere a
mechanical switch or button may be found.
Power consumption is less than 500µA in most applications when running in Fast response mode. This typically drops to
5-10µA at 2V VDD in Low Power mode, depending on the burst length. In most cases the power supply need only be minimally
regulated; for example, by Zener diodes or an inexpensive three-terminal regulator. The QT100 only requires a common
inexpensive X7R ceramic capacitor in order to function.
The QT100’s Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) core employs signal processing techniques pioneer ed by Quantum;
these are specifically designed to make the device survive real-world challenges, such as ‘stuck sensor’ conditions and signal
drift.
The Quantum-pioneered HeartBeat™ signal is also included, allowing a microcontroller to monitor the health of the QT100
continuously, if desired. By using the charge transfer principle, the IC delivers a level of performance clearly superior to older
technologies in a highly cost-effective package.
AVAILABLE OPTIONS
TA
6-pin SOT23-6
-40ºC to +85ºC
QT100-ISG
LQ
C
Copyright © 2006 QRG Ltd
QT100-ISG R3.06/0606
Figure 1.1 Basic Circuit Configuration
1 Overview
+2.5 to 5V
SENSE
ELECTRODE
1.1 Introduction
5
VDD
The QT100 is a digital burst mode charge-transfer (QT)
sensor designed specifically for touch controls; it includes all
hardware and signal processing functions necessary to
provide stable sensing under a wide variety of changing
conditions. Only a single low cost, noncritical capacitor is
required for operation.
RS
1
3
4
6
OUT
SNSK
SNS
CS
10nF
SYNC/MODE
VSS
CX
Figure 1.1 shows a basic circuit using the device.
2
1.2 Basic Operation
The QT100 employs bursts of charge-transfer cycles to
acquire its signal. Burst mode permits power consumption in
the microamp range, dramatically reduces RF emissions,
lowers susceptibility to EMI, and yet permits excellent
response time. Internally the signals are digitally processed
to reject impulse noise, using a 'consensus' filter which
requires four consecutive confirmations of a detection before
the output is activated.
The value of Cs also has a dramatic effect on sensitivity, and
this can be increased in value with the trade-off of slower
response time and more power. Increasing the electrode's
surface area will not substantially increase touch sensitivity if
its diameter is already much larger in surface area than the
object being detected. Panel material can also be changed to
one having a higher dielectric constant, which will better help
to propagate the field.
The QT switches and charge measurement hardware
functions are all internal to the QT100.
Ground planes around and under the electrode and its SNS K
trace will cause high Cx loading and destroy gain. The
possible signal-to-noise ratio benefits of ground area are
more than negated by the decreased gain from the circuit,
and so ground areas around electrodes are discouraged.
Metal areas near the electrode will reduce the field strength
and increase Cx loading and should be avoided, if possible.
Keep ground away from the electrodes and traces.
1.3 Electrode Drive
For optimum noise immunity, the electrode should only be
connected to SNSK.
In all cases the rule Cs >> Cx must be observed for proper
operation; a typical load capacitance (Cx) ranges from
5-20pF while Cs is usually about 2-50nF.
Increasing amounts of Cx destroy gain, therefore it is
important to limit the amount of stray capacitance on both
SNS terminals. This can be done, for example, by minimizing
trace lengths and widths and keeping these traces away from
power or ground traces or copper pours.
1.4.3 Decreasing Sensitivity
In some cases the QT100 may be too sensitive. In this case
gain can be easily lowered further by decreasing Cs.
The traces and any components associated with SNS and
SNSK will become touch sensitive and should be treated with
caution to limit the touch area to the desired location.
2 Operation Specifics
2.1 Run Modes
A series resistor, Rs, should be placed in line with SNSK to
the electrode to suppress ESD and EMC effects.
2.1.1 Introduction
The QT100 has three running modes which depend on the
state of SYNC, pin 6 (high or low).
1.4 Sensitivity
1.4.1 Introduction
2.1.2 Fast Mode
The sensitivity on the QT100 is a function of things like the
value of Cs, electrode size and capacitance, electrode shape
and orientation, the composition and aspect of the object to
be sensed, the thickness and composition of any overlaying
panel material, and the degree of ground coupling of both
sensor and object.
The QT100 runs in Fast mode if the SYNC pin is permanently
high. In this mode the QT100 runs at maximum speed at the
expense of increased current consumption. Fast mode is
useful when speed of response is the prime design
requirement. The delay between bursts in Fast mode is
approximately 1ms, as shown in Figure 2.2.
1.4.2 Increasing Sensitivity
2.1.3 Low Power Mode
In some cases it may be desirable to increase sensitivity ; for
example, when using the sensor with very thick panels
having a low dielectric constant. Sensitivity can often be
increased by using a larger electrode or reducing panel
thickness. Increasing electrode size can have diminishing
returns, as high values of Cx will reduce sensor gain.
The QT100 runs in Low Power (LP) mode if the SYNC line is
held low. In this mode it sleeps for approximately 70ms at the
end of each burst, saving power but slowing response. On
detecting a possible key touch, it temporarily switches to Fast
mode until either the key touch is confirmed or found to be
spurious (via the detect integration process). It then returns
to LP mode after the key touch is resolved as shown in
Figure 2.1.
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QT100-ISG R3.06/0606
The SYNC pin is sampled at the end of each burst. If
the device is in Fast mode and the SYNC pin is
Figure 2.1 Low Power Mode (SYNC held low)
sampled high, then the device continues to operate in
Fast mode (Figure 2.2). If SYNC is sampled low, then
the device goes to sleep. From then on, it will operate in
SYNC mode (Figure 2.1). Therefore, to guarantee entry
into SYNC mode the low period of the SYNC signal
should be longer than the burst length (Figure 2.3).
fast detect
integrator
~70ms
SNSK
QT100
sleep
sleep
sleep
However, once SYNC mode has been entered, if the
SYNC signal consists of a series of short pulses
(>10µs) then a burst will only occur on the leading edge
of each pulse (Figure 2.4) instead of on each change of
SYNC signal, as normal (Figure 2.3).
SYNC
OUT
In SYNC mode, the device will sleep after each
measurement burst (just as in LP mode) but will be
awakened by a change in the SYNC signal in either
direction, resulting in a new measurement burst. If
SYNC remains unchanged for a period longer than the
LP mode sleep period (about 70ms), the device will
resume operation in either Fast or LP mode depending
on the level of the SYNC pin (Figure 2.3).
Figure 2.2 Fast Mode Bursts (SYNC held high)
SNSK
QT100
There is no DI in SYNC mode (each touch is a
detection) but the Max On-duration will depend on the
time between SYNC pulses; see Sections 2.3 and 2.4.
Recalibration timeout is a fixed number of
~1ms
SYNC
measurements so will vary with the SYNC period.
Figure 2.3 SYNC Mode (triggered by SYNC edges)
2.2 Threshold
The internal signal threshold level is fixed at 10 counts
of change with respect to the internal reference level,
which in turn adjusts itself slowly in accordance with the
drift compensation mechanism.
SNSK
QT100
sleep
sleep
sleep
Revert to Fast Mode
The QT100 employs a hysteresis dropout of two counts
of the delta between the reference and threshold levels.
SYNC
slow mode sleep period
2.3 Max On-duration
SNSK
QT100
sleep
sleep
sleep
Revert to Slow Mode
If an object or material obstructs the sense pad the
signal may rise enough to create a detection, preventing
further operation. To prevent this, the sensor includes a
timer which monitors detections. If a detection exceeds
the timer setting the sensor performs a full recalibration.
This is known as the Max On-duration feature and is set to
~60s. This will vary slightly with Cs and if SYNC mode is
used. As the internal timebase for Max On-duration is
determined by the burst rate, the use of SYNC can cause
dramatic changes in this parameter depending on the SYNC
pulse spacing.
slow mode sleep period
SYNC
Figure 2.4 SYNC Mode (Short Pulses)
SNSK
QT100
>10us
>10us
>10us
2.4 Detect Integrator
SYNC
It is desirable to suppress detections generated by electrical
noise or from quick brushes with an object. To accomplish
this, the QT100 incorporates a ‘detect integration’ (DI)
counter that increments with each detection until a limit is
reached, after which the output is activated. If no detection is
sensed prior to the final count, the counter is reset
immediately to zero. In the QT100, the required count is four.
In LP mode the device will switch to Fast mode temporarily in
order to resolve the detection more quickly; after a touch is
either confirmed or denied the device will revert back to
normal LP mode operation automatically.
2.1.4 SYNC Mode
It is possible to synchronize the device to an external clock
source by placing an appropriate waveform on the SYNC pin.
SYNC mode can synchronize multiple QT100 devices to
each other to prevent cross-interference, or it can be used to
enhance noise immunity from low frequency sources such as
50Hz or 60Hz mains signals.
The DI can also be viewed as a 'consensus' filter, that
requires four successive detections to create an output.
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QT100-ISG R3.06/0606
2.5 Forced Sensor Recalibration
The QT100 has no recalibration pin; a forced
recalibration is accomplished when the device is
powered up or after the recalibration timeout.
However, supply drain is low so it is a simple
matter to treat the entire IC as a controllable load;
driving the QT100's VDD pin directly from another
logic gate or a microcontroller port will serve as
both power and 'forced recal'. The source
resistance of most CMOS gates and
Figure 2.5 Drift Compensation
Signal
Hysteresis
Threshold
Reference
microcontrollers are low enough to provide direct
power without problem.
Output
2.6 Drift Compensation
Signal drift can occur because of changes in Cx
and Cs over time. It is crucial that drift be
compensated for, otherwise false detections, nondetections,
and sensitivity shifts will follow.
2.7 Response Time
The QT100's response time is highly dependent on run mode
and burst length, which in turn is dependent on Cs and Cx.
With increasing Cs, response time slows, while increasing
levels of Cs reduce response time. The response time will
also be a lot slower in LP or SYNC mode due to a longer time
between burst measurements.
Drift compensation (Figure 2.5) is performed by making the
reference level track the raw signal at a slow rate, but only
while there is no detection in effect. The rate of adjustment
must be performed slowly, otherwise legitimate detections
could be ignored. The QT100 drift compensates using a
slew-rate limited change to the reference level; the threshold
and hysteresis values are slaved to this reference.
2.8 Spread Spectrum
The QT100 modulates its internal oscillator by ±7.5% during
the measurement burst. This spreads the generated noise
over a wider band reducing emission levels. This also
reduces susceptibility since there is no longer a single
fundamental burst frequency.
Once an object is sensed, the drift compensation mechanism
ceases since the signal is legitimately high , and therefore
should not cause the reference level to change.
The QT100's drift compensation is 'asymmetric'; the
reference level drift-compensates in one direction faster than
it does in the other. Specifically, it compensate s faster for
decreasing signals than for increasing signals. Increasing
signals should not be compensated for quickly, since an
approaching finger could be compensated for partially or
entirely before even approaching the sense electrode.
However, an obstruction over the sense pad, for which the
sensor has already made full allowance, could suddenly be
removed leaving the sensor with an artificially elevated
reference level and thus become insensitive to touch. In this
latter case, the sensor will compensate for the object's
removal very quickly, usually in only a few seconds.
2.9 Output Features
2.9.1 Output
The output of the QT100 is active-high upon detection. The
output will remain active-high for the duration of the
detection, or until the Max On-duration expires, whichever
occurs first. If a Max On-duration timeout occurs first, the
sensor performs a full recalibration and the output becomes
inactive (low) until the next detection.
With large values of Cs and small values of Cx, drift
compensation will appear to operate more slowly than with
the converse. Note that the positive and negative drift
compensation rates are different.
Figure 2.6
Getting HeartBeat pulses with a pull-up resistor
Figure 2.7
Using a micro to obtain HeartBeat pulses in either output state
2 ~ 5V
HeartBeat™ Pulses
5
Ro
PORT_M.x
1
3
4
6
VDD
1
3
4
6
OUT
SNSK
OUT
SNSK
SNS
Ro
Microcontroller
SNS
PORT_M.y
SYNC/MODE
VSS
SYNC/MODE
2
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For more consistent sensing from unit to unit, 5% tolerance
capacitors are recommended. X7R ceramic types can be
obtained in 5% tolerance at little or no extra cost.
2.9.2 HeartBeat™ Output
The QT100 output has a HeartBeat™ ‘health’ indicator
superimposed on it in both LP and SYNC modes. This
operates by taking the output pin into a three-state mode for
15µs once before every QT burst. This output state can be
used to determine that the sensor is operating properly, or, it
can be ignored using one of several simple methods.
Values of Cs above 100nF will only be required for large
values of Cx. Sensing may become unstable if Cx is small
and Cs is large; for example, in attempting to implement
proximity fields.
The HeartBeat indicator can be sampled by using a pull-up
resistor on the OUT pin, and feeding the resulting
positive-going pulse into a counter, flip flop, one-shot, or
other circuit. The pulses will only be visible when the chip is
not detecting a touch.
3.3 Power Supply, PCB Layout
The power supply can range between 2.0V and 5.0V. At 3V
current drain averages less than 500µA in Fast mode.
If the power supply is shared with another electronic system,
care should be taken to assure that the supply is free of
digital spikes, sags, and surges which can adversely affect
the QT100. The QT100 will track slow changes in VDD, but it
can be badly affected by rapid voltage fluctuations. It is highly
recommended that a separate voltage regulator be used just
for the QT100 to isolate it from power supply shifts caused by
other components.
If the sensor is wired to a microcontroller as shown in
Figure 2.7, the microcontroller can reconfigure the load
resistor to either VSS or VDD depending on the output state of
the QT100, so that the pulses are evident in either state.
Electromechanical devices like relays will usually ignore th e
short Heartbeat pulse. The pulse also has too low a duty
cycle to visibly affect LEDs. It can be filtered completely if
desired, by adding an RC filter to the output, or if interfacing
directly and only to a high-impedance CMOS input, by doing
nothing or at most adding a small noncritical capacitor from
If desired, the supply can be regulated using a Low Dropout
(LDO) regulator, although such regulators often have poor
transient line and load stability. See Application Note
AN-KD02 (see Section 3.1) for further information on power
supply considerations.
OUT to VSS
.
2.9.3 Output Drive
Parts placement: The chip should be placed to minimize the
SNSK trace length to reduce low frequency pickup, and to
reduce stray Cx which degrades gain. The Cs and Rs
resistors (see Figure 1.1) should be placed as close to the
body of the chip as possible so that the trace between Rs
and the SNSK pin is very short, thereby reducing the
antenna-like ability of this trace to pick up high frequency
signals and feed them directly into the chip. A ground plane
can be used under the chip and the associated discretes, but
the trace from the Rs resistor and the electrode should not
run near ground to reduce loading.
The OUT pin is active high and can sink or source up to 2mA.
When a large value of Cs (>20nF) is used the OUT current
should be limited to <1mA to prevent gain-shifting side
effects, which happen when the load current creates voltage
drops on the die and bonding wires; these small shifts can
materially influence the signal level to cause detection
instability.
3 Circuit Guidelines
For best EMC performance the circuit should be made
entirely with SMT components.
3.1 Application Note
Refer to Application Note AN-KD02, downloadable from the
Quantum website for more information on construction and
design methods. Go to http://www.qprox.com, click the
Support tab and then Application Notes.
Electrode trace routing: Keep the electrode trace (and the
electrode itself) away from other signal, power, and ground
traces including over or next to ground planes. Adjacent
switching signals can induce noise onto the sensing signal;
any adjacent trace or ground plane next to, or under, the
electrode trace will cause an increase in Cx load and
desensitize the device.
3.2 Sample Capacitor
Charge sampler capacitor Cs should be a stable type, such
as X7R ceramic or PPS film. The normal Cs range is from
2nF to 50nF depending on the sensitivity required; larger
values of Cs demand higher stability to ensure reliab le
sensing.
Important Note: for proper operation a 100nF (0.1µF)
ceramic bypass capacitor must be used directly between
VDD and VSS, to prevent latch-up; the bypass capacitor
should be placed very close to the device’s power pins.
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QT100-ISG R3.06/0606
4 Specifications
4.1 Absolute Maximum Specifications
Operating temp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40ºC to +85ºC
Storage temp. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55OC to +125OC
V
DD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.5 to +5.25V
Max continuous pin current, any control or drive pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±20mA
Short circuit duration to VSS, any pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinite
Short circuit duration to VDD, any pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . infinite
Voltage forced onto any pin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -0.6V to (VDD + 0.6) Volts
4.2 Recommended Operating Conditions
V
DD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +2.0 to 5.0V
Short-term supply ripple+noise. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±5mV
Long-term supply stability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±100mV
Cs value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2nF to 50nF
Cx value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 20pF
4.3 AC Specifications
V
DD = 3.0V, Cs = 10nF, Cx = 5pF, Ta = recommended range, unless otherwise noted
Parameter
Description
Recalibration time
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Notes
Cs, Cx dependent
T
RC
PC
250
2
ms
µs
T
Charge duration
Transfer duration
±7.5% spread spectrum variation
±7.5% spread spectrum variation
T
PT
2
µs
T
G
1
Time between end of burst and
start of the next (Fast mode)
1
ms
V
DD=5V
T
G
2
Time between end of burst and
start of the next (LP mode)
70
ms
V
DD=5V. Increases with reducing VDD
T
BL
Burst length
ms
ms
µs
Cs and Cx dependent
T
R
Response time
Heartbeat pulse width
100
T
HB
15
4.4 Signal Processing
Description
Min
Typ
Max
Units
Notes
Threshold differential
10
2
counts
counts
samples
ms/level
ms/level
secs
Hysteresis
Consensus filter length
4
Positive drift compensation rate
Negative drift compensation rate
Post-detection recalibration timer duration
2,000
1,000
30
Will vary in SYNC mode
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QT100-ISG R3.06/0606
4.5 DC Specifications
V
DD = 3.0V, Cs = 10nF, Cx = 5pF, Ta = recommended range, unless otherwise noted
Parameter
Notes
Description
Supply voltage
Min
Typ
Max
Units
V
DD
DD
DDS
2
5
5.25
600
V
µA
V/s
V
I
Supply current
Depending on supply and run mode
Required for proper start-up
V
Supply turn-on slope
Low input logic level
High input logic level
Low output voltage
High output voltage
Input leakage current
Load capacitance range
Acquisition resolution
100
V
IL
0.8
0.6
V
HL
2.2
DD-0.7
0
V
V
OL
V
OUT, 4mA sink
V
OH
IL
V
V
OUT, 1mA source
I
±1
100
14
µA
pF
bits
CX
A
R
9
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4.6 Mechanical Dimensions
D
e
L
E
Aa W
02NN
Pin 1
ø
M
H
h
Package type: SOT23-6
Millimeters
Inches
Symbol
Min
2.8
2.6
1.5
0.9
0.0
-
Max
3.10
3.0
Notes
Min
0.110
0.102
0.059
0.035
0
Max
0.122
0.118
0.069
0.051
0.006
-
Notes
M
W
Aa
H
h
1.75
1.3
0.15
-
D
L
0.95 BSC
-
0.038 BSC
0.35
0.35
0.09
0.5
0.014
0.014
0.004
0.02
E
0.55
0.2
0.022
0.008
e
Ø
0º
10º
0º
10º
4.7 Marking
TA
-40C to +85C
SOT23-6 Part Number
Marking
02NN (where NN is variable)
QT100-ISG
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NOTES:
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Copyright © 2006 QRG Ltd. All rights reserved
Patented and patents pending
Corporate Headquarters
1 Mitchell Point
Ensign Way, Hamble SO31 4RF
Great Britain
Tel: +44 (0)23 8056 5600 Fax: +44 (0)23 8045 3939
www.qprox.com
North America
651 Holiday Drive Bldg. 5 / 300
Pittsburgh, PA 15220 USA
Tel: 412-391-7367 Fax: 412-291-1015
This device is covered under one or more United States and corresponding international patents. QRG patent numbers can be found online
at www.qprox.com. Numerous further patents are pending, which may apply to this device or the applications thereof.
The specifications set out in this document are subject to change without notice. All products sold and services supplied by QRG are subject
to our Terms and Conditions of sale and supply of services which are available online at www.qprox.com and are supplied with every order
acknowledgement. QRG trademarks can be found online at www.qprox.com. QRG products are not suitable for medical (including lifesaving
equipment), safety or mission critical applications or other similar purposes. Except as expressly set out in QRG's Terms and Conditions, no
licenses to patents or other intellectual property of QRG (express or implied) are granted by QRG in connection with the sale of QRG
products or provision of QRG services. QRG will not be liable for customer product design and customers are entirely responsible for their
products and applications which incorporate QRG's products.
Developer: Martin Simmons
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