NCP1239FDR2 [ONSEMI]
Low−Standby High Performance PWM Controller; 低待机高性能PWM控制器
| 型号： | NCP1239FDR2 |
| 厂家： | 
ONSEMI |
| 描述： | Low−Standby High Performance PWM Controller |
| 文件： | 总38页 (文件大小：1133K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
NCP1239
Low−Standby High
Performance PWM Controller
Housed in SO−16 the NCP1239 represents a major leap toward
ultra−compact Switch Mode Power Supplies specifically tailored for
medium to high power off−line applications, e.g. notebook adapters.
The NCP1239 offers everything needed to build a rugged and efficient
power supply, including a dedicated event management to drive a
Power Factor Correction (PFC) front−end circuitry. The circuit
disables the front−end PFC stage while still in fault or standby
conditions by interrupting the PFC controller powering for improved
no−load consumption figures. As soon as normal operating mode
recovers, the NCP1239 feeds back the PFC that wakes−up.
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SO−16
FD or VD SUFFIX
CASE 751B
16
1
When power demand is low, the IC automatically enters the
so−called skip−cycle mode and provides excellent efficiency at light
loads. Because this occurs at a user adjustable low peak current, no
acoustic noise takes place.
MARKING DIAGRAM
16
Features
NCP1239xDG
AWLYWW
• Current−Mode Operation with Internal Ramp Compensation
• Internal High−Voltage Current Source for loss−less Startup
• Adjustable Skip−Cycle Capability
1
NCP1239xD = Device Code
• Selectable Soft−Start Period
x
A
WL
Y
WW
G
= F or V
= Assembly Location
= Wafer Lot
= Year
= Work Week
= Pb−Free Package
• Internal Frequency Dithering for Improved EMI Signature
• Go−to−Standby Signal for PFC Front−Stage
• Large V Operation from 12.2 V to 36 V
• 500 mV Overcurrent Limit
CC
• 500 mA/−800 mA Peak Current Capability
• 5 V/10 mA Pinned−out Reference Voltage
• Adjustable Switching Frequency up to 250 kHz.
PIN CONNECTIONS
1
16
GTS
REF5V
Fault Detect
Rt
HV
NC
NC
• Overload Protection Independent of the Auxiliary V
CC
• Adjustable Over Power Compensation (NCP1239F)
• Programmable Maximum Duty Cycle (NCP1239V)
• Pb−Free Packages are Available*
V
CC
Brown−out
SS/Timer
Drv
GND
Skip Adjust
FB
CS
Over Power
Limit
Typical Applications
• High Power AC/DC Adapters for Notebooks etc.
• Offline Battery Chargers
NCP1239F
1
16
• Telecom and PC Power Supplies
GTS
REF5V
Fault Detect
Rt
HV
NC
NC
• Flyback Applications (NCP1239F) and Forward Applications
(NCP1239V)
V
CC
Brown−out
SS/Timer
Drv
GND
Skip Adjust
FB
CS
Max Duty−
Cycle
NCP1239V
*For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please
download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques
Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D.
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package
dimensions section on page 5 of this data sheet.
©
Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2005
1
Publication Order Number
October, 2005 − Rev. 5
NCP1239/D
NCP1239
Vbulk
Rbo1
to PFC_V
CC
OVP REF5V
+
V
out
1
2
3
4
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
NTC
REF5V (5V/10mA)
Thermistor
GND
V
CC
+
Cbulk
BO
5
6
7
8
Rramp
Rbo2
Rcomp
NCP1239F
Rt
+
Cbo
Css
GND
Figure 1. NCP1239F Typical Application Example
Vbulk
Rbo1
to PFC_V
D3
L2
CC
OVP REF5V
+
V
out
D4
1
2
3
4
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
NTC
REF5V (5V/10mA)
Thermistor
GND
V
CC
+
Cbulk
BO
5
6
7
8
Rramp
Rbo2
NCP1239V
Rt
Rdmax
+
Cbo
Css
GND
Figure 2. NCP1239V Typical Application Example
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2
NCP1239
MAXIMUM RATINGS
Rating
Symbol
Value
36
Unit
V
Power Supply Voltage
V
CC
Pins 1 to 10 (except Vref Pin) Maximum Voltage
Maximum Voltage on Pin 16 (HV)
−0.3, +10
500
V
V
Thermal Resistance, Junction−to−Air, SOIC Version
Maximum Junction Temperature
R
145
°C/W
°C
°C
kV
V
ꢀ
JA
TJ
150
MAX
Storage Temperature Range
−60 to +150
2
ESD Capability, HBM Model (All Pins except HV)
ESD Capability
Machine Model (All Pins except V
)
200
160
CC
Machine Model (V Pin)
CC
Maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. Maximum ratings applied to the device are individual stress limit
values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. If these limits are exceeded, device functional operation is not implied,
damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (For typical values T = 25°C, for min/max values T = 0°C to +125°C, V
= 48 V,
J
J
pin16
V
= 20 V unless otherwise noted.)
CC
Symbol
Supply Section
Rating
Pin
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
V
Turn−on Threshold Level, V Going up
13
13
13
13
13
13
15.5
10.5
4.5
6.5
−
16.4
11.2
5.1
17.5
12.2
−
V
V
CCON
CC
V
Minimum Operating Voltage after Turn−on
CCOFF
HYST1
Difference (V
− V
)
CCOFF
V
CCON
V
V
V
Decreasing Level at which the Latch−off Phase ends
Level at which the Internal Logic gets reset
6.9
7.2
−
V
CCLATCH
CCRESET
CC
CC
V
4.0
V
I
Internal IC Consumption, no output load on Pin 12 (@I = 20 ꢁ A)
mA
CC1
Rt
NCP1239F
NCP1239V
−
−
2.1
2.6
3.0
4.0
I
Internal IC Consumption, 1 nF output load on Pin 12
13
13
13
13
mA
mA
mA
mA
CC2a
CC2b
CC2c
NCP1239F (65 kHz)
NCP1239V (118 kHz)
−
−
3.1
4.2
3.8
6.5
I
I
Internal IC Consumption, 1 nF output load on Pin 12
NCP1239F (100 kHz)
NCP1239V (182 kHz)
−
−
3.9
5.5
5.0
8.5
Internal IC Consumption, 1 nF output load on Pin 12
NCP1239F (130 kHz)
NCP1239V (236 kHz)
−
−
4.6
6.7
5.9
9.6
I
Internal IC Consumption, latchoff phase
(NCP1239F and NCP1239V)
−
CC3
0.40
0.75
Internal Startup Current Source
High−Voltage Current Source (sunk by Pin 16), V = 10 V
I
16
13
16
2.0
1.8
−
4.0
3.6
4.2
5.3
4.5
−
mA
mA
mA
C1_hv
CC
I
Startup Charge Current flowing out of the V Pin, V =10 V
CC CC
C1_VCC
I
High−Voltage Current Source, V = 0
CC
C2
5 V Reference Voltage (REF5V)
REF5V
Iref
Reference Voltage
@ No load on Pin 2
2
2
V
4.7
4.6
5.0
4.9
5.2
5.1
@ I
= 5 mA
pin2
Current Capability
5.0
10
−
mA
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3
NCP1239
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (For typical values T = 25°C, for min/max values T = 0°C to +125°C, V
= 48 V,
J
J
pin16
V
= 20 V unless otherwise noted.)
CC
Symbol
Rating
Pin
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Drive Output
Vcl
Output Voltage Positive Clamp
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
11.5
−
13.6
40
16
−
V
ns
ns
V
T
rise
Output Voltage Rise−Time @ CL = 1 nF, 10−90% of output signal
Output Voltage Fall−Time @ CL = 1 nF, 10−90% of output signal
T
−
25
−
fall
V
High State Voltage Drop @ I
= 3 mA and V = 12 V
−
2.5
500
3.8
800
3.3
−
source
source
pin12
CC
I
Source Current Capability (@ V
= 0 V)
−
mA
ꢂ
pin12
R
OL
Sink Resistance @ V
=1 V
pin12
−
7.5
−
I
Sink Current Capability (@ V
= 10 V)
pin12
−
mA
sink
Oscillator
fsw
Recommended Switching Frequency Range
Pin 4 Voltage @ Rt = 100 k
12
4
25
−
−
250
−
kHz
V
Vosc
Kosc
ꢂ
1.6
Product (Switching Frequency times the Rt Pin 4 resistance) (Note 1)
@ 65 kHz and 130 kHz (NCP1239F)
kHz*kꢂ
6050
6500
6950
@ 118 kHz and 236 kHz (NCP1239V)
11000
11800
12600
ꢃ
f
s
w
Internal Modulation Swing, in percentage of fsw
Maximum Duty−Cycle
−
3.5
−
%
%
Dmax
75.5
80.0
83.0
Current Limitation
Maximum Internal Set−Point
I
10
10
0.84
−
0.90
130
0.95
220
V
Limit
T
Propagation Delay from V
(Pin 12 loaded by 1 nF)
> I to gate turned off
Limit
ns
DEL_CS
pin10
T
Leading Edge Blanking Duration (Pins 9 and 10) @ 65 kHz
(NCP1239F)
9, 10
9, 10
−
−
420
230
−
−
ns
ns
LEB−65kHz
T
Leading Edge Blanking Duration (Pins 9 and 10) @ 130 kHz
(NCP1239F)
LEB−130kHz
T
T
Leading Edge Blanking Duration (Pin 10) @ 118 kHz (NCP1239V)
Leading Edge Blanking Duration (Pin 10) @ 236 kHz (NCP1239V)
10
10
−
−
320
170
−
−
ns
ns
LEB−118kHz
LEB−236kHz
Over Power Limit (NCP1239F)
Internal Current Source of the Over Power Limit Pin
I
9
9
9
ꢁ A
V
ocp
@ 1 V on Pin 5 and V
@ 2 V on Pin 5 and V
= 0.5 V
= 0.5 V
60
120
80
160
100
185
pin9
pin9
V
opl
Over Power Limitation Threshold
@ T = 25°C
0.48
0.47
0.50
0.50
0.52
0.52
J
@ T = 0°C to 125°C
J
T
Propagation Delay from V
(Pin 12 loaded by 1 nF)
> V to gate turned off
−
130
220
ns
DEL_OCP
pin9
opl
Maximum Duty−Cycle (Dmax) Control (NCP1239V)
I
Pin 9 Current Source @ V
= 1.0 V and V = 2.0 V
pin9
9
9
9
46
20
55
24
63
29
ꢁ
A
Dmax
pin9
D
Maximum Duty Cycle @ 118 kHz and V
= 1.0 V
%
max
pin9
K
Dmax Coefficient @ 118 kHz and V
= 1.0 V (Note 2)
pin9
1.10
1.30
1.53
%/kꢂ
Dmax
1. The nominal switching frequency fsw equals: fsw = K /Rt. The implemented jittering makes the switching frequency continuously vary
OSC
around this nominal value ($3.5% variation).
Dmax
2. K
is the proportionality coefficient that links the maximum duty−cycle to the Pin 9 resistor: Dmax = K
*R
. K
is defined in
Dmax pin9 Dmax
the “Maximum Duty−Cycle Limitation” section of the operating description.
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4
NCP1239
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (For typical values T = 25°C, for min/max values T = 0°C to +125°C, V
= 48 V,
J
J
pin16
V
= 20 V unless otherwise noted.)
CC
Symbol
Soft−Start and Timer
Soft−Start or Jittering charge current @ V
Rating
Pin
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
I
= 2.4 V
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
60
77
95
107
1.80
3.00
4.3
110
137
1.89
3.20
4.6
6.4
−
ꢁ A
ꢁ A
V
ch
pin6
I
Jittering Discharge Current @ V
= 2.4 V
pin6
disch
V
Jittering Saw−Tooth Lower Threshold
Jittering Saw−Tooth Upper Threshold
Timer Peak Threshold
1.67
2.85
4.0
3.9
−
jitter
V
H
V
jitter
V
L
V
timer
I
I
Timer Charge Current @ V
= 3.5 V and Pin 8 open
pin6
5.2
ꢁ A
ꢁ A
timerC
timerD
Timer Discharge Current @ V
= 3.5 V and Pin 8 open
400
pin6
Feedback Section
Rup
Ifb
Internal Pullup Resistor
Source Current @ V
8
8
−
−
−
−
20
200
3.0
−
−
−
kꢂ
= 0.5 V
ꢁ A
pin8
Iratio
Pin 8 to current Setpoint division ratio
−
Internal Ramp Compensation
R
Internal Resistor
10
10
−
−
32
−
−
k
ꢂ
ramp
V
ramp
Internal Saw−Tooth Amplitude
3.2
V
Skipping Mode and Standby Management
Rgts
Pin 1 output impedance in standby state
(Pin 8 grounded, V > 4.5 V) @ V = 12.5 V
1
1
7
7
4.0
0.6
380
8.0
1.0
430
18
−
k
ꢂ
pin6
CC
Igts
Sink Current Source in Normal Mode
@ V = 2 V, Pin 7 open @ V − V =0.7 V
pin1
mA
mV
pin8
CC
FB−skip
FB_stby−out
Default Feedback Level for Skip−Cycle Operation and Standby
Detection
480
Default Feedback Level to Leave Standby
Ratio leave standby Setpoint to skip−cycle Setpoint
Internal Pin 7 Impedance
650
1.5
−
740
1.7
110
3.0
810
1.9
−
mV
−
V
/V
stby−out skip
R
pin7
7
kꢂ
Pin 7 to Skipping Setpoint ratio
−
−
−
Brown−Out Detection
BO
Brown−Out Detection Upper Threshold
Brown−Out Detection Low Threshold
Brown−Out Hysteresis
5
5
5
0.45
0.20
0.20
0.50
0.24
0.26
0.55
0.28
0.30
V
V
V
thH
thL
BO
BO
hyst
Protections
TSD
Thermal Shutdown:
Thermal Shutdown Threshold
Hysteresis
°C
140
30
Vfault
Fault Detection Threshold
3
2.2
2.4
2.6
V
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
†
Package
Shipping
NCP1239FDR2
SOIC−16
2500 / Tape & Reel
2500 / Tape & Reel
NCP1239FDR2G
SOIC−16
(Pb−Free)
NCP1239VDR2
SOIC−16
2500 / Tape & Reel
2500 / Tape & Reel
NCP1239VDR2G
SOIC−16
(Pb−Free)
†For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging
Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D.
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5
NCP1239
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
Pin No.
Pin Name
Function
Pin Description
1
GTS
Shuts the PFC down in
standby
The standby detection block changes Pin 1 state in accordance to the mode
(standby or normal mode). Pin1 is designed to drive an external pnp transistor that
connects or disconnects the NCP1239’s V to the PFC’s.
CC
2
REF5V
A 5V reference voltage
This pin helps to internally bias the controller but can also be used to power
surrounding logic gates for any purposes. The typical output current is 10 mA. This
voltage source is disabled during the circuit startup and latched−off phases. A
100 nF filtering capacitor must be placed between Pin 2 and ground.
3
4
5
6
Fault Detect
Rt
Enables to permanently
shutdown the part
If the Pin 3 voltage exceeds 2.4 V, the circuit is permanently shut down. This pin
can be used to monitor the voltage across a thermistor in order to protect the
application from excessive heating and/or to detect an overvoltage condition.
Timing resistor
Brown−Out
Pin 4 resistor allows a precise frequency programming. The circuit is optimized to
operate between 50 kHz and 150 kHz (NCP1239F) and between 100 kHz and
250 kHz (NCP1239V).
Brown−Out
SS/Timer
This pin receives a portion of the bulk capacitor to authorize operation above a
certain level of mains only. It also serves to elaborate an offset voltage on Pin 9
used for Over Power Compensation.
Performs soft−start and
fault timeout
During Power on and fault conditions, the capacitor connected to this pin ensures a
soft−start period. When a fault is detected, this pin is internally brought high by a
current source. If 4.3 V are reached, the fault is confirmed and the circuit enters an
auto−recovery burst mode, otherwise the pin goes back to a lower value and
oscillates to perform frequency jittering.
7
Skip Adjust
Adjust skip level
By adjusting the skip−cycle level, it is possible to fight against noisy transformers
and modify the standby detection thresholds. Keep Pin 7 open to operate with the
default levels (skip threshold setpoint: 140 mV, normal mode recovery setpoint:
250 mV).
8
9
FB
Feedback signal
An opto−coupler collector pulls this pin low to regulate
Over Power
Limit
Enables a precise peak
This pin delivers a current proportional to V , an image of the high voltage rail.
pin5
current clamp and then an Inserting a resistor between Pin 9 and the current sense resistor, an offset
(NCP1239F)
accurate Over Power
Detection
proportional to the input voltage is built. Such offset compensates the circuit and
power switch propagation delays for an accurate power limitation in the whole input
voltage range.
9
Max Duty−
Cycle
(NCP1239V)
Enables to precisely
clamp the maximum
duty−cycle.
This terminal sources a constant current. Connect a resistor between Pin 9 and
Ground to select the maximum duty−cycle.
10
CS
The current sense input
This pin receives the primary current information via a sense element. By inserting
a resistor in series with this pin, it becomes possible to introduce ramp
compensation.
11
12
Ground
Drv
The IC ground
−
Drives the MOSFET
By offering up to +500 mA/−800 mA peak, this pin lets you drive large Qg
MOSFET’s. It is clamped to 16 V maximum not to exceed the maximum
gate−source voltage of most power MOSFET’s.
13
14
15
16
V
Supplies the controller
This pin accepts up to 36 V from an auxiliary winding.
Creepage distance.
CC
NC
NC
HV
−
−
Creepage distance.
The high−voltage startup This pin connects to the bulk capacitor to generate the startup current.
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6
NCP1239
FB<Vpin1 => Skip high
+
Skip
HV
16
−
Stby_detect
FB
100k
S
R
Skip
adjust
7
UVLOs
Latch
Reset
Q
Q
+
15r
450mV
+
−
25r
Internal
Thermal
Shutdown
FB>1.6*Vpin1 =>Stby_detect RESET
−
15
14
UVLO
TSD
(Vcc<VccOFF)
Fault
detect
3
OVL
+
2.5V
S
regOUT
Fault
Q
Q
Vcc
R
Vdd
Regul
Vcc < 4V
10k
PFC_Vcc
1
stdwn
pfcON
pfcOFF
1mA
13
Vcc
Stby
Startup Phase
OVL
Vstop
S
R
Q
Q
Vdd
Vdd
Divider by 2
Vcc<7V
Stby_detect
Error_Flag
Soft−Start
and timer
management
6
2
SS / timer
Output
Buffer
OUTon
Drv
12
Soft−Start
Ipk limit
Jittering
Modulation
14V
clamp
REF5V
+
5V
Ramp
Compensation
pfcON
3.2V
32k
11
GND
CLK
BO_in
BO
−
+
5
BO_out
S
Q
+
Q
R
0.5V / 0.25V
Vdd
10
LEB
CS
Vstop
Vdd
BO_in
Oscillator
75 mA/V x V
pin5
CLK
4
−
+
Rt
9
Over Power
Limit
2.5V
Skip
Jittering
Modulation
LEB
+
−
“Jittered”
Reference
Vdd
+
+
−
0.5V
20k
FB
8
/ 3
0.9V
Error flag
to Skip
Soft−Start
Ipk limit
Figure 3. NCP1239F Internal Circuit Architecture
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7
NCP1239
FB<Vpin1 => Skip high
+
Skip
HV
16
−
Stby_detect
FB
100k
S
R
Skip
adjust
7
UVLOs
Latch
Reset
Q
Q
+
15r
450mV
+
−
25r
Internal
Thermal
Shutdown
FB>1.6*Vpin1 =>Stby_detect RESET
−
15
14
UVLO
TSD
(Vcc<VccOFF)
Fault
detect
3
OVL
+
2.5V
S
regOUT
Fault
Q
Q
Vcc
R
Vdd
Regul
Vcc < 4V
10k
PFC_Vcc
1
stdwn
pfcON
pfcOFF
1mA
13
Vcc
Stby
Startup Phase
OVL
Vstop
S
R
Q
Q
Vdd
Vdd
Divider by 2
Vcc<7V
Stby_detect
Error_Flag
Soft−Start
and timer
management
6
2
SS / timer
Output
Buffer
OUTon
Drv
12
Soft−Start
Ipk limit
Jittering
Modulation
14V
clamp
REF5V
+
5V
Ramp
Compensation
pfcON
3.2V
32k
11
GND
CLK
BO_in
BO
−
+
5
BO_out
S
Q
+
Q
R
0.5V / 0.25V
Vdd
10
LEB
CS
Vstop
Oscillator
CLK
4
−
+
Rt
OSC
Vdd
2.5V
Skip
Idmax
Jittering
Modulation
−
+
“Jittered”
Reference
Vdd
9
Dmax
+
−
OSC
20k
FB
8
/ 3
0.9V
Error flag
to Skip
Soft−Start
Ipk limit
Figure 4. NCP1239V Internal Circuit Architecture
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8
NCP1239
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 5. High Voltage Current Source
vs. Temperature @ VCC = 10 V
Figure 6. Startup Current Sourced by VCC Pin
vs. Temperature @ VCC = 10 V
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 8. High Voltage Pin Leakage Current
vs. Temperature
Figure 7. High Voltage Current Source
vs. Temperature @ VCC = 0 V
16.7
16.6
16.5
16.4
16.3
16.2
16.1
16.0
15.9
11.5
11.4
11.3
11.2
11.1
11.0
10.9
10.8
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 10. VCC Turn−Off Threshold
vs. Temperature
Figure 9. VCC Startup Threshold
vs. Temperature
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NCP1239
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
6.95
6.90
6.85
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
6.80
6.75
1.8
1.6
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 11. VCC Latched−Off vs. Temperature
Figure 12. No Load Circuit Consumption
vs. Temperature
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
7.3
260 kHz
200 kHz
130 kHz
100 kHz
6.9
6.5
6.1
5.7
5.3
4.9
4.5
4.1
3.7
3.3
65 kHz
130 kHz
2.5
2.0
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 13. NCP1239F Circuit Consumption
(1 nF on driver Pin 12) vs. Temperature
Figure 14. NCP1239V Circuit Consumption
(1 nF on driver Pin 12) vs. Temperature
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
5.05
5.00
4.95
4.90
4.85
4.80
0 mA
5 mA
10 mA
4.75
4.70
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 15. Latched−Off Mode Consumption
vs. Temperature
Figure 16. REF5V Voltage Source
vs. Temperature
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NCP1239
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
3.0
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 17. Driver High State Voltage Drop
vs. Temperature
Figure 18. Driver Sink Resistance
vs. Temperature
16
15
14
13
12
10
11
10
83
82
81
80
79
78
77
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 19. Driver Voltage Clamp vs. Temperature
Figure 20. Maximum Duty Cycle vs. Temperature
(NCP1239F)
12300
12150
12000
11850
11700
11550
11400
11250
6700
6650
6600
6550
6500
6450
6400
K
@ 130 kHz
osc1
65 kHz
K
@ 260 kHz
osc2
130 kHz
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 21. Oscillator Kosc Parameter vs. Temperature Figure 22. Oscillator Kosc Parameter vs. Temperature
(Kosc = fsw * Rpin4) (NCP1239F) (Kosc = fsw * Rpin4) (NCP1239V)
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11
NCP1239
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
0.508
0.506
180
160
140
BO = 2 V
0.504
0.502
0.500
0.498
0.496
0.494
0.492
120
100
80
BO = 1 V
60
40
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 23. Pin 9 Current vs. Temperature
(@ Vpin9 = 0.5 V) (NCP1239F)
Figure 24. Over Power Limitation Threshold vs.
Temperature (NCP1239F)
0.920
0.915
0.910
0.905
0.900
0.895
0.890
0.890
0.885
0.880
450
445
440
435
430
425
420
415
410
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 25. Maximum Current Setpoint vs.
Temperature
Figure 26. Default Feedback Threshold for
Standby Detection vs. Temperature
780
770
760
750
740
730
720
710
700
0.510
0.505
0.500
0.495
0.490
0.485
0.480
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 27. Default Feedback Level for Normal
Operation Recovery
Figure 28. Brown−Out Upper Threshold vs.
Temperature
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12
NCP1239
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
2.51
2.49
2.47
2.45
2.43
2.41
2.39
2.37
2.35
0.245
0.244
0.243
0.242
0.241
0.240
0.239
0.238
0.237
0.236
0.235
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
−25
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 29. Brown−Out Low Threshold vs.
Temperature
Figure 30. Fault Detect Threshold vs. Temperature
24.5
24.3
24.1
23.9
23.7
23.5
1.35
1.33
1.31
1.29
1.27
1.26
0
25
50
75
100
125
0
25
50
75
100
125
TEMPERATURE (°C)
TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 31. Maximum Duty−Cycle vs.
Temperature @ Vpin9 = 1 V (NCP1239V)
Figure 32. Kdmax Coefficient vs.
Temperature @ Vpin9 = 1 V (NCP1239V)
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NCP1239
Fault Management
New Startup
attempt
Fault confirmed
100ms*
Fault not confirmed
100ms*
4.3V
10ms* Jittering
3.0V
1.8V
fmax
fmin
OVL signal
(Over−Load)
0.9 V
Error flag
0.9 V
Error flag
0.9 V
Error flag
Reset at UVLO
PFC off
PFC off
PFC on
DRV
Vcc
16.4V
11.2V
Fault occurs here
6.9V
Fb is ok
*This time is programmed by the Pin 6 capacitor. C
= 390 nF nearly sets the following intervals:
pin6
− Soft−Start Time (T ):7.5 ms
ss
jittering
− Jittering Period (T
): 10 ms
− Fault Detection Delay (T
): 100 ms
delay
More generally, the times approximately depend on C
as follows:
pin6
− T = 7.5 ms * C
/ 390 nF
ss
pin6
− T
− T
=10 ms * C
=100 ms * C
/ 390 nF
jittering
pin6
pin6
/ 390 nF
delay
Figure 33. Fault Management
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14
NCP1239
Standby Detection
Standby is not confirmed
Standby is confirmed,
Jittering 10ms*
Vpin6
(SS/timer)
4.3V
3.0V
1.8V
100ms*
delay
100ms*
PFC is down
PFC running
Bunches of pulses
Drv
FB
No delay
FB−stby−out (1.7*Vpin7)
FB−skip (Vpin7)
Fb is ok
Skip activity
Stby_detect latch is armed
Stby_detect latch is reset
Standby is entered
Standby is left
*This time is programmed by the Pin 6 capacitor. C
= 390 nF nearly sets the following intervals:
pin6
− Soft−Start Time (T ):7.5 ms
ss
jittering
− Jittering Period (T
): 10 ms
− Fault Detection Delay (T
): 100 ms
delay
More generally, the times approximately depend on C
as follows:
pin6
− T = 7.5 ms * C
/ 390 nF
ss
pin6
− T
− T
=10 ms * C
=100 ms * C
/ 390 nF
jittering
pin6
pin6
/ 390 nF
delay
Figure 34. Standby Detection
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15
NCP1239
APPLICATION INFORMATION
The NCP1239 includes all necessary features to help
detected mode (standby or normal mode). Simply connect a
pnp transistor between the NCP1239 V and the PFC
controller one and drive it using Pin 1, to enable the PFC
stage in normal mode and disable it in standby.
building a rugged and safe switch−mode power supply. The
following details the major benefits brought by
implementing the NCP1239 controller:
CC
Current−mode operation with internal ramp
compensation: implementing peak current mode control,
the NCP1239 offers an internal ramp compensation signal
that can easily be summed up to the sensed current.
Subharmonic oscillations can thus be fought via the
inclusion of a simple resistor,
Soft−Start: the capacitor connected to Pin 6 provides a
soft−start sequence that precludes the main power switch
from being stressed upon startup. The same voltage is also
used to perform frequency jittering and timing for the fault
condition detection.
Major Fault Detection: the circuit detects when Pin 3
voltage exceeds 2.4 V. When this occurs, the NCP1239
considers that a major fault is present and as a consequence,
the circuit gets permanently latched−off. In this mode, the
500 mV Current Sense threshold for Over Power Limit
(NCP1239F): the NCP1239 operating in current mode, the
circuit Pin 10 monitors the current to modulate its level
according to the power demand. Due to the ramp
compensation, one must generally note that the Pin 10
voltage is not the exact image of the inductor current. A
precise current limitation being essential, the NCP1239
features a separate current sense pin (Pin 9) for an accurate
overcurrent detection. The low threshold of this protection
(500 mV) avoids excessive losses in the current sense
resistor and improves the efficiency. In addition, Pin 9
sources a current that proportional to the high−voltage rail,
compensates the current−sense and turn off delays at high
line. A resistor inserted between Pin 9 and the sensing
resistor offsets the Pin 9 current−sense information to build
a precise overload protection, independent of the mains
input.
circuit needs the V to go down below 4.0 V to reset, for
CC
instance when the user un−plugs the SMPS. This capability
is mainly intended to detect an overvoltage condition or/and
an over−heating of the application that would be sensed by
a thermistor.
Brown−out detection: by monitoring the level on Pin 5
during normal operation, the controller protects the SMPS
against low mains conditions. When the Pin 5 voltage falls
below 250 mV, the controllers stops pulsing until this level
goes back to 500 mV to prevent any instability.
Short−circuit protection: short−circuit and especially
overload protections are difficult to implement when a
strong leakage inductance affects the transformer (the
auxiliary winding level does not properly collapse…). Here,
every time the feedback pin is at its maximum (higher than
5.0 V practically), an error flag is asserted and the circuit
activates a timer that is programmed by the Pin 6 capacitor.
If Pin 6 reaches 4.3 V while the error flag is still present, the
controller stops the pulses and goes into a latch−off phase,
operating in a low−frequency burst−mode. As soon as the
fault disappears, the SMPS resumes its operation. The
latch−off phase can also be initiated, more classically, when
Large V operation: the NCP1239 offers an extended
CC
V
CC
range up to 36 V, bringing greater flexibility in Flyback
or Forward applications.
Internal high−voltage startup switch: reaching low
levels of standby power represents a difficult exercise when
the controller requires an external, lossy, resistor connected
to the bulk capacitor. Due to an internal logic, the controller
disables the high−voltage current source after startup which
no longer hampers the consumption in no−load situations.
Skip−cyclecapability: a continuous flow of pulses is not
compatible with no−load standby power requirements.
Slicing the switching pattern in bunch of pulses drastically
reduces overall losses but can, in certain cases, bring
acoustic noise in the transformer. Due to a skip operation
taking place at low peak currents only, no mechanical noise
appears in the transformer. Furthermore, the skip threshold
is made programmable to allow the best trade−off between
noise and efficiency.
V
CC
drops below UVLO (11.2 V typical).
Adjustable frequency and Internal dithering for
improved EMI signature: Pin 4 offers a means to precisely
adjust the switching frequency through a simple resistor to
ground. Frequency operation is allowed up to 250 kHz. By
modulating the internal switching frequency with the Pin 6
saw−tooth (100 Hz with 390 nF), natural energy spread
appears and softens the controller’s EMI signature.
5.0 V reference voltage: a 5.0 V regulator is provided to
help biasing any external circuitry in the vicinity of the
controller. This reference voltage can typically supply up to
10 mA.
Standby Detect/Shutdown of the PFC front−stage: The
NCP1239 incorporates an internal logic that is able to detect
a standby situation. Pin1 state changes in accordance to the
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16
NCP1239
Startup Sequence
As soon as V
reaches 16.4 V, driving pulses are
CC
When the power supply is first connected to the mains
outlet, the internal current source (typically 3.6 mA) is
delivered on Pin 12 and the auxiliary winding grows up the
pin. Because the output voltage is below the target (the
V
CC
biased and charges up the V capacitor. When the voltage
SMPS is starting up), the feedback pin is at its maximum
voltage. A resistor divider outputs the third of the feedback
voltage that forms the current setpoint. This setpoint is
clamped and the limitation level slowly increases until it
reaches 0.9V during the soft start time. In nominal operation,
the setpoint clamp keeps equal to 0.9 V (refer to Figure 36).
As soon as the feedback voltage is high enough to activate
the 0.9 V setpoint clamp (during the startup period but also
anytime an overload occurs), an internal error flag is
asserted, testifying that the system is pushed to the
maximum power. At that moment, a 100 ms time period
CC
on this V capacitor reaches the V
level (typically
CC
CCON
16.4 V), the current source turns off and no longer wastes
any power. At this time, the energy stored by the V
CC
capacitor serves to supply the controller and the auxiliary
supply is supposed to take over before V collapses below
CC
V . Figure 35 shows the internal arrangement of this
CCOFF
structure:
16
13
10
HV
16.4 V /
11.2 V
(typically, with C =390 nF that also corresponds to 7.5 ms
pin6
+
−
3.6 mA/0
soft −start) starts while a logic block observes this error flag.
If the error flag keeps asserted all along the 100ms period,
then the controller assumes that the power supply really
undergoes a fault condition and immediately stops all pulses
to enter a safe burst operation. The 100 ms timer enables to
distinguish a startup phase (shorter than 100 ms) from an
overload condition. If the error flag is released before the
100 ms period has elapsed, the controller concludes that no
error is present and resets the timer to use it for other
purposes (e.g. frequency dithering).
CV
Aux
CC
The current source brings VCC above 16.4 V and then turns off
Figure 35.
to
Vdd
/ 3
Standby Management
(Skipping, GTS)
CLK
S
20k
8
Q
Q
Vin
Feedback
R
Soft−Start
oscillator
0.9 V
Current Sense
Comparator
−
+
Ramp Compensation
Rramp
Rcomp
LEB
LEB
10
Current Sense
Rsense
Pin 5 (Brown−Out)
Overcurrents Compensation
Over Power
Comparator
9
+
−
Over Power
Limit
+
500 mV
Pin 10 monitors the power switch current and compares it to the current setpoint (one third of the feedback voltage). The
current setpoint is limited by the soft−start during the power−on sequence and permanently clamped to 0.9 V In the
NCP1239F, a second pin (Pin 9) monitors the current to clamp the power.
Figure 36. Current Control
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NCP1239
Figure 37 depicts the V evolution during a proper startup sequence, showing the state of the error flag:
CC
Vcc
VccON
VccOFF
Latch−off phase level
Logic reset level
FB
Feedback loop
reacts...
Full power
User
Powers up!
regulation
Skip level
Ip max
Error
Flag
7.5ms*
SS
No error has
been confirmed
Timer
*This time is programmed by the Pin 6 capacitor. C
= 390 nF nearly sets the following intervals:
pin6
− Soft−Start Time (T ):7.5 ms
ss
jittering
− Jittering Period (T
): 10 ms
− Fault Detection Delay (T
): 100 ms
delay
More generally, the times approximately depend on C
as follows:
pin6
− T = 7.5 ms * C
/ 390 nF
ss
pin6
− T
− T
=10 ms * C
=100 ms * C
/ 390 nF
jittering
pin6
pin6
/ 390 nF
delay
Figure 37.
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NCP1239
PFC Startup Sequence
internal 0.9 V Zener diode actively clamping the current
amplitude to (0.9 V/Rsense). During this time, the NCP1239
asserts an error flag. A maximum current condition being
observed, the circuit determines if this state results from
either a normal response (startup or a transient period) or a
fault condition. To make the difference, each time the error
flag is asserted, a 100 ms timer starts to count down. If the
error flag keeps asserted for the 100 ms period, there is a
fault and the PWM controller enters a safe, auto−recovery,
burst mode to limit the dissipated heat (see below for more
details). During the Power−on sequence, “pfcON” keeps
To ensure an adequate startup sequence of both PWM
section and the PFC stage, some logic and timing need to be
included as shown on the internal diagram. The key point
here is the fact that the PFC always starts after the PWM
section. As a result, the SMPS must be designed to cope with
transient universal mains operation. Why this? Because of
the light−to−heavy load transition where a case exists when
the PFC is off, the PWM in standby and the load is suddenly
applied. In this scenario, the PWM section must sustain the
entire transient period that lasts until the PFC re−starts since
it has been deactivated for standby.
low to pullup Pin 1 to V until the error flag is down. When
CC
The standby detection block generates an internal signal
“pfcON” that controls Pin 1 in accordance to the operation
mode:
the error flag is down, the power supply has entered
regulation, its auxiliary voltage is stable, then Pin 1 can turn
low (1 mA sink current) to safely allow PFC operation.
Entering Standby: when skip−cycle starts to activate, a
100 ms countdown takes place and the logic observes the
skip activity. If the skip activity is still there at the end of the
100 ms, then standby is confirmed and the NCP1239 pulls
− “pfcON” is high in normal mode and a current source
draws 1 mA from Pin 1,
− “pfcON” is low in standby to disable the 1 mA current
source. A 10 kꢂ resistor pulls up Pin 1 to V
.
CC
up Pin 1 to V to shut down the PFC.
CC
This configuration makes it ideal to drive a pnp transistor
Leaving standby: in this case, as soon as the skip−cycle
activity disappears, the circuit immediately re−activates the
1 mA sinking current source of Pin 1, to enable the PFC:
there is no reaction delay in this situation.
Short−circuitcondition: a short circuit is detected on the
primary side by measuring the time the error flag is asserted.
As explained, if this flag is asserted longer than 100 ms, then
the PWM stops oscillating and enters a safe burst mode. In
that connects or disconnects the NCP1239 V to the PFC
CC
controller one (refer to Figure 39). The “pfcON” signal is
activated following Figure 38 diagram. Let’s split this
drawing in different time periods to clearly depict signal
assertions:
Power on: during this time, V
rises up, the V
CC
CC
capacitor being charged by the 3.6 mA current source. When
exceeds V (16.4 V typ.), driving pulses are
V
CC
CCON
this case, Pin 1 is pulled up to V and the PFC is shut down.
CC
delivered to the MOSFET in an attempt to crank the power
supply. V collapses (because the V capacitor alone
During the burst, it is not activated (PFC is off) until the fault
goes away and the power supply resumes operation. The
PFC being shut off in short−circuit conditions, it naturally
reduces the main MOSFET stress.
Latch−off mode: if the controller is permanently
latched−off due to a major fault (Pin 3 detection of an OVP
or an excessive external temperature), the PFC is kept off
CC
CC
delivers the energy) until sufficient auxiliary voltage is built
up in order to take over the startup sequence and thus
self−supply the controller. As long as the output voltage has
not reached its wished value, the controller pushes for the
maximum peak current. During the soft−start (7.5 ms with
390 nF on Pin 6), the maximum permissible current linearly
increases till the maximum peak setpoint is reached, the
(Pin 1 being tied to V ).
CC
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NCP1239
regulation
Vcc
PWM
Short−circuit
Short−circuit
Stby stby is left
16.4V
Nom
Pout
11.2V
6.9V
Timer
100ms*
100ms*
100ms*
100ms*
One Vcc cycle is skipped to
lower the burst mode duty
cycle to typically 5% in
fault conditions.
0.9V
flag
7.5ms*
SS
PFC
Vcc
If the fault had disappeared
the SMPS would recover
normal operation
Standby
is confirmed
*This time is programmed by the Pin 6 capacitor. C
= 390 nF nearly sets the following intervals:
pin6
− Soft−Start Time (T ):7.5 ms
ss
jittering
− Jittering Period (T
): 10 ms
− Fault Detection Delay (T
): 100 ms
delay
More generally, the times approximately depend on C
as follows:
pin6
− T = 7.5 ms * C
/ 390 nF
ss
pin6
− T
− T
=10 ms * C
=100 ms * C
/ 390 nF
jittering
pin6
pin6
/ 390 nF
delay
Figure 38.
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NCP1239
The PFC controller connection is really straightforward as
testified by Figure 39: simply connect to Pin 1, the base of
away as it is fully supplied by the PWM auxiliary winding
and even high quiescent current devices do not hamper the
standby power since they are completely disconnected in
standby.
a pnp transistor that connects the PFC’s V to the NCP1239
CC
one (perhaps add a small decoupling capacitor like a 0.1 ꢁ F
on the PFC) and this is all! The PFC startup network goes
PFC stage
Rectified
AC line
Q1
PFC_V
CC
1
2
3
4
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
V
CC
5
6
7
8
+
PFC Controller
+
NCP1239
The NCP1239 turns off the pnp Q1 during the standby so that the PFC controller is no longer supplied in this mode.
Figure 39.
Short−Circuit or Overload Condition
detection (e.g. the output load is 25% above the nominal
value but Vout is still present).
The NCP1239 differs from other controllers in the sense
that a fault condition is detected independently of the
auxiliary voltage level. In auxiliary supply−based power
supplies, it is necessary that the (isolated) secondary output
conditions properly reflects on the (non−isolated) auxiliary
winding in order to instruct the controller on what is
happening on the other side of the transformer. For the
following reasons, it sometimes becomes extremely
difficult to build an efficient short−circuit protection
circuitry and even more difficult to implement over power
The primary leakage inductance is high: this is probably
the main reason why building efficient short−circuit
detection is difficult. When the power switch opens, the
leakage inductance superimposes a large overvoltage spike
on the drain voltage. This spike is seen on the secondary side
but also on the auxiliary winding. Unfortunately, since the
V
CC
capacitor and the auxiliary diode form a peak rectifier,
the auxiliary V often depends on this peak value rather
CC
than the true plateau which corresponds to the output level.
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NCP1239
Leakage effect:
Vpeak = 24.2V
25.0
15.0
5.00
”clean” plateau
V = 13.4V
0V
−
5.00
−
15.0
236U
240U
244U
248U
252U
The leakage effect seen on the auxiliary side pulls−up the final level peak−rectified by the diode
Figure 40.
On Figure 40’s example, one can clearly observe the
elapsed, nothing happens and the controller continues
difference between the peak and the real plateau DC level.
The delta is around 10 V, which obviously degrades the
auxiliary image of the secondary side. When a short−circuit
occurs, the leakage can be so strong that the whole plateau
has dropped to a few volts, but the leakage contribution
becomes so energetic (Ip = Ip max.) that even a few ꢁ s
working normally.
When a fault is detected, we have seen that the controller
stops delivering pulses. At this time, V starts to drop
because the power supply is locked off. When the V drops
CC
CC
below V
(11.2 V typical), it enters a so−called
CCOFF
latch−off phase where the internal consumption is reduced
down to about 400 ꢁ A. The V capacitor continues to
duration is enough to prevent V auxiliary from collapsing
CC
CC
and thus stopping the pulses. Needless to say that over power
detection is simply impossible.
deplete, but at a lower rate. When V finally reaches the
latch−off level (around 6.9 V), the startup current source
CC
Low standby power requirement decreases V
at
turns on and pulls V above V
, exactly as a startup
CCON
CC
CC
no−load:this is particularly true if you try to reach less than
100 mW at high line. Due to skip−cycle, the continuous flow
of pulses turns into bunches of pulses (sometimes 1−2 pulses
only) that can be spaced by 50ms or more in certain cases.
The energy content in each bunch of pulses does not suffer
any attenuation. For instance, to lower Figure 40’s peak, you
could think of inserting a resistor with the auxiliary diode to
sequence would do. When V exceeds V
pulses are delivered and can last 100 ms maximum if there
is enough voltage or can be prematurely interrupted if V
(16.4 V),
CC
CCON
CC
falls below V . Figure 41 shows the difference between
CCOFF
these two cases. As already explained, in short−circuit
bursts, the PFC section is not validated.
The short−circuit protection features a so−called
auto−recovery circuitry. That is to say, during the 100 ms
period, the power supply attempts to startup. If the fault has
gone, then the controller resumes from the fault and the
power supply operates again. If the fault is still present, the
pulses are stopped at the end of the 100 ms section (Tpulse)
for a given time period Tfault. At the end of Tfault, a new
100 ms attempt is made and so on. To avoid any thermal
runaway, a burst duty−cycle defined by Tpulse/(Tfault+
Tpulse) below 10% is desirable ((Tfault+Tpulse) is the burst
period). If the 100 ms is made by an internal timer in
conjunction with the Pin 6 capacitor, the Tfault duration
form a low pass filter with the V capacitor. Unfortunately,
CC
it would drastically reduce the V
capacitor refueling
CC
current and V could not be maintained. To compensate
CC
that effect, a solution could be to increase the turn ratio, but
then the peak rectification problem comes back again.
As one can see, a short−circuit protection free of the V
CC
level would be the best solution. This is exactly what the
NCP1239 delivers with the internal 100 ms timer (390 nF
being connected to Pin 6). As soon as the internal 0.9 V error
flag is asserted high, a 100 ms timer gets started. If the error
flag keeps asserted during the 100 ms period, then the
controller detects a true fault condition and stops pulsing the
output. If this is a simple transient overload, e.g. the error
flag goes back to a normal level before the 100 ms period has
builds on the V capacitor which is charged/discharged
CC
two times. Figure 42 on the following page portrays this
behavior.
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NCP1239
C
pin6
= 390 nF
V
CC
V
CCON
V
CCOFF
Drv
100ms
< 100ms
Bunch length given by timer
Bunch length given by VccOFF
When VCC drops faster than the timer, it prematurely interrupts the pulses flow.
The 100 ms delay could be shortened or lengthened by changing the Pin 6 capacitor.
Figure 41.
C =390 nF
pin6
V
CC
V
CCON
t3
V
CCOFF
t’1
t1
t2
t’2
Latch−off phase level
Logic reset level
Drv
100ms
100ms
The burst period is ensured by the VCC capacitor charge/discharge cycle
The 100 ms delay could be shortened or lengthened by changing the Pin 6 capacitor.
Figure 42.
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NCP1239
If by design we have selected a 47 ꢁ F V capacitor, it
becomes easy to evaluate the burst period and its duty−cycle.
This can be done by properly identifying all time events on
Figure 42 and applying the classical formula: t = C * DV / i.
In fact, Tpulse is generally:
− shorter than the switching phase period. In this
case, t1 is longer since the latched off phase starts
earlier (at a V higher than V ). As a
CC
CC
CCOFF
consequence, the final duty cycle is lower than
previously estimated,
− longer than the switching phase period. In this case,
the circuit detects an overload condition simply
To simplify, let’s consider t1 starts while V = V
.
CC
CCOFF
Then:
• t1: I = I 3 = 400 ꢁ A, ꢃV= 11.2 – 6.9 = 3 V ꢀ
CC
t1 = 505 ms
because V drops below V
(11.2 V) before
CC
CCOFF
• t2: I = 3.6 mA, ꢃV= 16.4 – 6.9 = 9.5 V ꢀ t2 = 124 ms
• t3: I = 400 ꢁ A, ꢃV= 16.4 – 11.2 = 5.2 V ꢀ t3 = 611 ms
• t’1 = t1= 505 ms
the fault timer has elapsed. Tpulse is lower than 100
ms and as a result the duty cycle is also lower.
(Major) Fault Detection and Latched Off Mode
• t’2 = t2 = 124 ms
The NCP1239 features
a fast comparator that
The total period duration is thus the sum of all these events
which leads to Tfault = 1793 ms. If Tpulse = 100 ms, then
our burst duty−cycle equals 100/(1869 + 100) ≈ 5%, which
is excellent.
permanently monitors the “Fault Detect” pin level. If for any
reason this level exceeds 2.4 V (typical), the part
immediately stops oscillating and stays latched off until the
user cycles down the power supply. This enables the SMPS
designer to externally shut down the part in particular when
a major default occurs, e.g. an Overvoltage Protection
(OVP). Figure 43 shows what happens when the part is
latched:
In fact, the calculation assumption, t1 starts while
V
CC
= V , gives the worse case since the duty cycle is
CCOFF
calculated in the case where Tpulse exactly equals the active
phase duration (switching period when V decreases from
CC
V
CCON
to V
).
CCOFF
V
CC
V
CCON
V
CCOFF
Latch−off phase level
Logic reset level
The user has unplugged, reset!
Drv
Pin 3
Stop!
2.4 V
When Vpin3 exceeds 2.4 V, NCP1239 permanently latches−off the output pulses0until its V goes below 4 V. The figure can
CC
illustrate a case where a thermistor supplied by REF5V is connected to Pin 3 to detect excessive temperatures of the application
(refer to application schematic).
Figure 43.
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NCP1239
Pin 3 can serve to build an Overvoltage Protection by
placing a Zener between the voltage to measure (e.g., V
example, one can take as the temperature limit the
application must not exceed. Choosing R equal to 5k, the
)
CC
and Pin 3 (refer to application schematic). If a 15 V Zener is
applied, the Pin 3 comparator will switch when (V − 15 V)
Pin 3 voltage at 130°C that equates:
CC
5 k
5 k ) 5 k
(130°C) + ƪ
V
pin3
ƫ@ 5 V + 2.5 V
exceeds the 2.4 V internal reference, that is, when V is
CC
higher than 17.5 V.
triggers the fault comparator.
This pin can also monitor the temperature using an
external thermistor (refer to application schematic).
Thermistors can be of Negative Temperature Coefficient
(NTC) type (the resistance decreases versus the
temperature) or of Positive Temperature Coefficient (PTC)
type (the resistance increases versus the temperature). Let’s
assume that a NTC thermistor is used (as in the application
schematic). Placing it between the 5 V reference voltage
(REF5V) and Pin 3, and a classical resistance between Pin 3
and ground, the Pin 3 voltage equals:
This example illustrates that one must just select the
bottom resistor so that it exhibits the same resistance as the
thermistor at the temperature to be detected.
If the thermistor is a PTC, it must be placed between Pin 3
and ground. One must place a resistor between the 5 V
reference voltage and Pin 3. Similarly, the resistor must be
selected so that its resistance equals the thermistor one at the
temperature to be detected.
Brown−Out and Over Power Limitation
R
SMPS are designed for a given input range. When the
input voltage is too low (brown−out), the SMPS tends to
compensate by sinking an increased current from the line.
As a result the power components may suffer from an
excessive heating and ultimately the SMPS may be
destroyed. To avoid such a risk, the NCP1239 incorporates
a brown−out detection that monitors the portion of the input
voltage that is applied to Pin 5.
V
pin3
+
@ 5 V
R ) R
thermistor
where R and R
are respectively the resistor and the
thermistor
thermistor resistance.
decreasing versus the temperature, the Pin 3
R
thermistor
voltage (V ) increases when the temperature grows up.
pin3
For instance, the thermistor resistance can be in the range
of 500 kꢂ at 25°C and as low as 5 kꢂ at 130°C that as an
HV
CMP
Rupper
CMP
Driver
5
+
−
Driver is off
as long as
CMP is low
Rlower
+
500 mV if CMP is low
240 mV if CMP is high
V
pin5
240 mV 500 mV
An hysteresis comparator monitors the SMPS input voltage
Figure 44.
Also called “Bulk OK” signal (BOK), the Brown−Out
(BO) protection prevents the power supply from being
adversely destroyed in case the mains drops to a very low
value. When it detects such a situation, the NCP1239 no
longer pulses but waits until the bulk voltage goes back to its
normal level. A certain amount of hysteresis needs to be
provided since the bulk capacitor is affected by some ripple,
especially at low input levels. For that reason, when the BO
comparator toggles, the internal reference voltage changes
from 500 mV to 240 mV. This effect is not latched: that is to
say, when the bulk capacitor is below the target, the
controller does not deliver pulses. As soon as the input
voltage grows−up and reaches the level imposed by the
resistive divider, pulses are passed to the internal driver and
activate the MOSFET.
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NCP1239
Figure 45 offers a way to connect the elements around Pin 5 to create a Brown−Out detection:
to converter
PFC
Preconverter
Rupper
Input
Filtering
Capacitor
AC line
+
5
Cbulk
Rlower
Cfil
Example where the voltage of the bulk capacitor is used for the brown−out Protection
Figure 45.
The calculation procedure for Rupper and Rlower is easy.
The first level transition is always clean: the SMPS is not
working during the startup sequence and there exists no
ripple superimposed on Cbulk. Supposed we want to start
the operation at Vbulk = Vtrip = 120 VDC (i.e., VinAC =
85 V).
amount of power, actually the power of your converter
(35 W in our example). The equation associated to Bload
instructs the simulator not to draw current until the
Brown−Out converter gives the order, just like what the real
converter will do. As a result, Vbulk is free of ripple until the
node CMP goes high, giving the green light to switch pulses.
The input line is modulated by the “timing” node which
ramps up and down to simulate a slow startup/turn−off
sequence. Then, by adjusting the Cfil value, it becomes
possible to select the right turn−off AC voltage. Figure 47
portrays the typical signal you can expect from the
simulator. We measured a turn−on voltage of 85 VAC
whereas the turn−off voltage is 72 VAC. Further increasing
Cfil lowers this level (for instance, a 1 ꢁ F capacitor gives
VBO = 65 VAC in the example).
As we have seen, the load variations will modify this
turn−off level. To remove the dependency between VBO
and the load, it is possible to directly sense the rectified input
line present at the PFC stage input, as shown in Figure 48.
In that case, there still exists the input line ripple, but this
ripple is independent of the load. By adjusting Cfil
capacitance and the divider section, you can build a
brown−out detection independent of the load.
1. Fix a bridge current Ib compatible with your
standby requirements, for instance an Ib of 50 ꢁ A.
2. Then evaluate Rlower by: Rlower = 0.5/Ib =
10 kꢂ
3. Calculate Rupper by: (Vtrip – 0.5 V)/Ib =
(120 – 0.5)/50 ꢁ A = 2.39 Mꢂ
The second threshold, the level at which the power supply
stops (VBO), depends on the capacitor Cfil but also on the
selected bulk capacitor. Furthermore, when the load varies,
the ripple also does and increases as Vin drops. If Cfil allows
a too high ripple, chances exist to prematurely stop the
converter. By increasing Cfil, you have the ability to select
the amount of hysteresis you want to apply. The less ripple
appears on a Pin 5, the larger the gap between Vtrip and VBO
(the maximum being VBO = Vtrip/2). The best way to assess
the right value of Cfil, is to use a simple simulation sketch
as the one depicted by Figure 46. A behavioral source loads
the rectified DC line and adjusts itself to draw a given
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NCP1239
bulk
+
VBulk
Bload
Current
V(CMP) > 3, 35/V (bulk) : 0
2
3
Cbulk
B1
V(line)*V(timing)
47uF
Vline
IN
Voltage
IC = 40
−
PSpice:
EBload Value = { IF ( V(CMP)>3, 35/V(bulk), 0) }
bulk
line
timing
Rupper
2.4Meg
cmp
+
−
V1
V2
BrownOut
5
Cfil
Rlower
10k
Bbrown
Voltage
V(CMP) > 3, 250m : 500m
220n
PSpice:
EBbrown Value = { IF ( V(CMP) > 3, 250m, 0) }
V2 timing 0 PWL 0 0.2 3s 1 7s 1 10s 0.2
V1 line 0 SIN 0 150 50
A simple simulation configuration helps to tailor the right value for Cfil
Figure 46.
Turn−off voltage occurs at:
VinRMS = 72.3 volts
200 16.0
100 12.0
0
−100
−200
8.0
4.0
0
Vbrown−out
8.156
8.175
8.195
8.215
8.235
Typical signals obtained from the simulator
Figure 47.
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NCP1239
Rectified AC Line Sensing
to converter
PFC
Preconverter
Rupper
Rlower
Input
filtering
Capacitor
ac line
+
5
Cbulk
Cfil
A second option to directly sense the mains
Figure 48.
This second option that directly senses the input voltage
(see Figure 48), enables a more direct under−mains
detection. Even in a brown−out conditions, the PFC
pre−converter may be able to maintain a sufficient bulk
voltage, possibly at the price of some excessive stress.
Measuring the rectified AC line instead of the bulk voltage,
the NCP1239 more surely protects the PFC stage in
brown−out conditions.
In addition, it is not recommended to provide the output
with more power than normally necessary. To the light of
these statements, it becomes interesting to accurately limit
the amount of power drawn from the AC line in fault
conditions. The easiest way to do so consists of clamping the
peak current since in a discontinuous mode flyback
converter, the input power (Pin) can be calculated as
2
follows: Pin = 1/2 * Lp * Ip * fsw, where Lp is the primary
pk
inductor, Ip is the inductor peak current and fsw is the
switching frequency.
pk
Using:
− Rlower = 10 kꢂ,
− Rupper = 2. 39 Mꢂ,
− Cfil = 1 ꢁ F,
Practically, a sense resistor converts the primary current
into a voltage that is compared to a voltage reference. When
the voltage representative of the current exceeds the voltage
reference, the controller turns off the power switch. The
theoretical maximum peak current is then: Imax =
Vocp/Rsense, where Vocp is the reference voltage (or
overcurrent protection threshold) and Rsense is the sense
resistor.
Unfortunately, the controller cannot turn off the power
switch immediately when it detects that the current exceeds
its maximum permissible level. Internal propagation delays
differ the drive turn low. In addition, the power switch needs
some time to turn off. Finally, the real current stop can be
250ns or more delayed. During this time, the current
continues ramping up so that an overcurrent is obtained.
One obtains the following voltage thresholds:
− Vtrip = 85 Vrms,
− VBO = 65 Vrms.
Over Power Limit (NCP1239F)
Overload conditions may push the converter to draw an
excessive power (which generally increases versus the input
voltage). One must avoid such a behavior:
a) not to have to dimension the converter for a power
higher than the nominal one,
b) to meet SMPS specifications that often request the
power not to exceed a given level.
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NCP1239
Actual Peak Current
Low Input
Voltage
ꢃI
HL
Vopl/Rsense
ꢃI
LL
Wished Maximum
Peak Current
High Input
Voltage
ꢃ t
ꢃ t
The propagation delay (Dt) produces overcurrents (DILL at low line, DIHL at high line in the figure) that are proportional to the input
voltage. As a consequence, the actual maximum current and then the power limit gets higher when the AC line increases.
Figure 49.
Then,
Vocp
Rsense
Vin @ ꢄ t
Lp
Imax +
)
, where Vin is the converter
Vopl * (Rcomp @ 80 ꢁ AńV @ k
@ Vin)
BO
Ipth +
input voltage and ꢃt is the total delay in turning off the
power switch.
The NCP1239 enables the compensation of the second
term in the Imax equation for a precise limitation of the peak
Rsense
Taking into account the overcurrent resulting from the
propagation delays, the maximum current is finally:
Rcomp @ 80 ꢁ AńV @ k
@ Vin
current. A current source (I ) proportional to the Pin 5
voltage flows out of Pin 9. Since Pin 5 receives a voltage
proportional to the input voltage for brown−out detection,
Vocp
Rsense
BO
pin9
Vin @ ꢄt
I max +
*
)
Rsense
Lp
Rcomp @ 80 ꢁAńV @ k
BO
ꢄ
t
Choosing Rcomp so that
)
,
I
is proportional to the input voltage too. An external
pin9
Rsense
Lp
resistor Rcomp can be connected between Pin 9 and the
positive terminal of Rsense, so that Pin 9 monitors the
following voltage:
the current limit is made constant in the whole input voltage
range (Imax = Vocp/Rsense).
As an example, let’s assume that:
V
pin9
+ [Rsense @ (Ip ) I
)] ) (Rcomp @ I )
pin9 pin9
− the minimum input voltage for operation is 100 V =>
k
=0.5/100=0.005,
BO
I
being small compared to the inductor current, the Pin 9
pin9
voltage simplifies as follows:
− Rsense is 0.25 ꢂ,
V
pin9
+ (Rsense @ Ip) ) (Rcomp @ I )
pin9
− Lp=500 ꢁ H,
− The total propagation delays are ꢃt = 350 ns,
Then, the Rcomp resistor should be:
I
is proportional to the Pin 5 voltage (80 ꢁ A/V*V
–
pin9
pin5
see parameters specification table) and V
is a portion of
pin5
the input voltage (V
= k *Vin). Finally,
BO
ꢄt @ Rsense
80 ꢁ @ k @ Lp
350 n @ 0.25
80 ꢁ @ 0.005 @ 500 m
.
[ 438 ꢂ
pin5
Rcomp +
+
BO
I
+ 80 ꢁAńV @ k
@ Vin
BO
pin9
The voltage V
is compared to the internal reference
pin9
Vocp. When V
reaches Vocp, the corresponding
pin9
threshold current (Ipth) is deducted from:
Vopl + (Rsense @ Ipth) ) (Rcomp @ 80 ꢁ AńV @ k
@ Vin)
BO
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NCP1239
Vdd
Vin
Rbo1
CLK
S
V
pin5
80ꢁ A/V*V
5
pin5
Rbo2
Cbo
Q
Q
Brown−Out
to Brown−Out
Comparator
R
V
= k*R
*V
comp
comp pin5
Rcomp
LEB
0.5V
9
+
−
Over Power
Limit
V
comp
Rsense
+
to
Current Sense
Comparator
Rramp
10
Current Sense
An (averaged) portion of the input voltage is applied to the brown−out pin. A current source proportional to this voltage, flows through an
external resistor Rcomp to form an offset proportional to the (average) input voltage. Rcomp should be selected so that the offset compen-
sates the overcurrent sensed by the current sensing resistor Rsense.
Figure 50. NCP1239F
Maximum Duty Cycle Limitation (NCP1239V)
Pin 9 sources a 55 ꢁ A current. By placing a resistor
between this pin and ground, one builds a voltage that forces
the maximum on−time. Practically the Pin 9 voltage is
compared to the positive ramp of the internal oscillator and
the power switch is allowed to be on, only when the ramp is
V
being the product of the Pin 9 current by the Pin 9
pin9
resistance (R
results in:
– external resistor connected to Pin 9),
pin9
Cosc @ I
Dmax
(ton)max +
@ R
, where I
is the
pin9
Dmax
Iosc
Pin 9 current source.
below V
.
One can deduct the maximum duty cycle (Dmax) by
dividing by the period T:
pin9
Then the maximum on−time is given by:
Cosc @ I
Dmax
Cosc @ V
pin9
Dmax +
@ R
+ K
Dmax
@ R
pin9
pin9
(ton)max +
Iosc @ T
Iosc
Cosc @ I
Dmax
where Cosc and Iosc are respectively the capacitor and the
charging current of the oscillator.
where K
Dmax
+
.
Iosc @ T
K
Dmax
is specified within the parameters’ table. Please
note that Cosc and Iosc are the internal capacitor and current
(respectively), that set the switching period (T). Hence,
Cosc
Iosc @ T
switching frequency.
ǒ
Ǔ
ƫis a constant and K
ƪ
is independent of the
Dmax
In the NCP1239F, the maximum duty−cycle is fixed (80%
typically).
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NCP1239
Soft−Start
The NCP1239 features an internal soft−start activated
during the Power On sequence (PON). As soon as V
regulation. The soft−start is also activated at each start of the
active phase of fault burst operation. Every restart attempt
is followed by a soft−start activation.
CC
reaches 16.4 V, the current setpoint is gradually increased
from nearly zero up to the maximum clamping level (e.g.
0.9 V/Rsense). This situation lasts a programmable time that
is adjusted by the Pin 6 capacitor (7.5 ms typically with
Generally speaking, the soft−start will be activated when
V
ramps up either from zero (fresh power−on sequence)
CC
or 6.9 V, the latch−off threshold after an overload detection
(OVL) for instance. Figure 51 shows the soft−start behavior.
The time scales are purposely shifted to offer a better zoom
portion.
C
pin6
= 390 nF). Further to that time period, the current
setpoint is blocked to 0.9 V/Rsense until the supply enters
16.4V
6.9V
Soft−startis activated during a startup sequence or an OVL condition
Figure 51.
3.2V
0V
Internal Ramp Compensation
Ramp compensation is a known mean to cure
sub−harmonic oscillations. These oscillations take place at
half the switching frequency and occur only during
Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with a duty−cycle
greater than 50%. To lower the current loop gain, one usually
injects between 50 and 100% of the inductor down−slope.
Figure 52 depicts how internally the ramp is generated:
32k
Rramp
+
−
LEB
CS
Rsense
from
setpoint
Inserting a resistor in series with the current sense
information brings ramp compensation
Figure 52.
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NCP1239
In the NCP1239, the ramp features a swing of 3.2 V.
The ramp is disabled during standby (i.e., when pfcON is
low). This inhibition avoids that the ramp compensation
modifies the setpoint above which the NCP1239 enables
PFC.
Suppose we select a 65 kHz version. Over a 65 kHz
frequency, it corresponds to a 130 mV/ms ramp. In our
FLYBACK design, let’s assume that our primary inductance
Lp is 350 mH, and the SMPS delivers 12 V with a Np:Ns
ratio of 1:0.1. The OFF time slope of the primary current is:
Frequency Jittering
Frequency jittering is a method used to soften the EMI
signature by spreading the energy in the vicinity of the main
switching component. NCP1239 offers a +3.5% deviation of
the nominal switching frequency. The sweep saw−tooth is
internally generated and modulates the clock up and down
with a period depending on the Pin 6 capacitor (10 ms
typically with 390 nF, 10 mS * Cpin6 / 390 nF in general).
Again, if one selects a 65 kHz version, the frequency will
equal 65 kHz in the middle of the ripple and will increase as
Ns
(Vout ) Vf) @
Np
that is, 371 mA/ms or 37 mV/ms, once
Lp
projected over a 0.1 ꢂ Rsense for instance. If we select 75%
of the down−slope as the required amount of ramp
compensation, then we shall inject 27 mV/ms. Our internal
compensation being of 208 mV/ms, the divider ratio
(divratio) between R
and the 32 kꢂ is 0.178. A few lines
ramp
of
algebra
to
determine
R
:
ramp
19 k @ divratio
(1 * divratio)
V
pin6
rises or decrease as V
ramps down. Figure 53
pin6
R
ramp
+
+ 6.92 kꢂ .
portrays the behavior we have adopted:
Internal
ramp
67.6kHz
65kHz
Internal
sawtooth
62.4kHz
10ms
The Vpin6 ramp is used to introduce frequency jittering on the oscillator saw−tooth
Figure 53.
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NCP1239
Skipping Cycle Mode
Suppose we have the following component values:
Lp, primary inductance = 350 ꢁ H
fsw , switching frequency = 65 kHz
The NCP1239 automatically skips switching cycles when
the output power demand drops below a given level. This is
accomplished by monitoring the FB pin. In normal
operation, Pin 8 imposes a current setpoint accordingly to
the load value. If the load demand decreases, the internal
loop asks for less peak current. When this setpoint reaches
a fixed determined level, the IC prevents the current from
decreasing further down and starts to blank the output
pulses: the IC enters the so−called skip−cycle mode, also
named controlled burst operation. The default skip−cycle
current is internally frozen to 30% of the maximum peak
current which is 0.5 V/Rsense The power transfer now
depends upon the width of the pulse bunches (Figure 54).
Ip skip = 600 mA (or 140 mV/Rsense)
The theoretical power transfer is therefore:
2
1/2 * Lp * Ip * fsw = 4 W
If this IC enters skip−cycle mode with a bunch length of
10 ms over a recurrent period of 100 ms, then the total power
transfer is:
4 W * 10 ms/100 ms = 400 mW
To better understand how this skip−cycle mode takes
place, a look at the operation mode versus the FB level
immediately gives the necessary insight:
FB Pin Voltage
4.3 V, FB Pin open
2.7 V upper dynamic range
Normal current mode operation
0.43 V
Skip−cycle operation
Ip MIN = 150 mV/Rsense
Figure 54.
When FB is below the skip−cycle threshold (0.43 V by
default), the circuit skips the switching cycle. When the IC
enters the skip−cycle mode, the peak current cannot go
below (0.43 V/3)/Rsense or 140 mV/Rsense. Figure 55
shows different values of pulse widths when the SMPS starts
to skip−cycles at different power levels:
Power P1
Power P2
Power P3
Output pulses at various power levels (X = 5ms/div) P1 < P2 < P3
Figure 55.
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NCP1239
Max peak
current
300.0M
200.0M
100.0M
0
25% of max Ip
315.4U
882.7U
1.450M
2.017M
2.585M
The skip−cycle takes place at low peak currents which guaranties noise free operation
Figure 56.
PFC Inhibition in Standby
Pin 7). A timer counts down and if COMP2 keeps high for
100 ms (typically with 390 nF on Pin 6), the NCP1239
considers that the system runs in the standby mode. Pin 1
The circuit detects a light load condition by permanently
monitoring the skip−cycle comparator activity: in normal
load condition this comparator keeps quiet. As soon as the
load strongly decreases, this comparator starts to toggle at a
low frequency rate: we are entering skip−cycle and the
opto−coupler operates in a digital manner, ON/OFF.
Figure 56 shows the way skip−cycle is detected. In skip
turns high, a 10 kꢂ resistor tying the pin to V . If as shown
CC
in Figure 39, Pin 1 directly drives a pnp transistor that is
connected between V and the PFC V , this switch turns
CC
CC
off in standby. As a result, this transistor stops feeding the
PFC V and ultimately shuts the PFC down.
CC
mode, the feedback voltage oscillates around V
(If no
As soon as FB exceeds 1.7*V , the circuit leaves the
pin7
pin7
voltage is applied to the Pin 7, a 430 mV voltage source
supplies a default value through a high impedance resistor).
In these conditions, the skip comparator (“COMP1”) that
turns on and off (to adjust the skip mode bunches of pulses),
sets the standby detection latch. A second comparator
standby mode without any delay by forcing a 1 mA sinking
current source on Pin 1, that re−activates the pnp transistor
and then the PFC stage.
One can note that there is a 1/3 ratio between the actual
current setpoint and the feedback value FB. Therefore the
default thresholds for standby detection and normal mode
recovery (0.43 V, 0.74 V) actually corresponds to the
140 mV and 250 mV setpoints.
(“COMP2”) compares the feedback voltage (FB or V ) to
pin8
1.7*V
.
pin7
As long as the load keeps light, FB does not exceed
1.7*V (i.e., 0.74 V typical if no voltage is forced to
pin7
70%
A delay is inserted to avoid false tripping of the GTS signal
Figure 57.
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NCP1239
One clearly sees that the GTS signal does not react to the fugitive low FB Pin condition during startup
Figure 58.
FB < V
=> Skip high
pin7
REF5V
R1
Skip
S
+
Skip
Adjust
−
Stby_detect
100k
FB
COMP1
COMP2
7
Q
Q
+
15r
0.43V
R2
25r
R
+
−
FB > 1.7 * V
=> Stby_detect RESET
pin7
GTS
pin1
100 ms timer (*)
(SS and timer block)
(*) the 100 ms delay is programmed by the Pin 6 capacitor
Internal Go−To−Standby signal elaboration
Figure 59.
Suppose our Flyback controller is built with a transformer
primary inductance of 250 ꢁ H. To pass 120 W, we assume
that a peak current of 4.2 A was needed. Due to these
numbers, we can easily now when the GTS signal will be
asserted:
The theoretical region at which the SMPS will enter
standby is: 1/2 * Lp * Ip * fsw * ꢅ ꢁ 11 W. This number
ꢆ
can vary depending on the line level since the propagation
delay becomes a sensitive parameter, and on the efficiency
that is difficult to precisely predict in light load conditions.
The peak current at which the SMPS will leave standby is
48% of the peak current which means that a power of 28 W
is necessary to re−trigger the PFC.
Lp, primary inductance = 250 ꢁ H
ꢅ = 85%
fsw, switching frequency = 65 kHz
2 @ P
out
ꢅ @ Lp @ fsw
Ip +
+ 4.2 A
Ǹ
Ip skip = 30% of Ip max = 1.26 A
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35
NCP1239
INFORMATIVE WAVEFORMS
The following plots were obtained using a 150 W application (output 19 V/7 A).
The NCP1239 enables the PFC V as soon as the FB pin voltage has gone below a threshold (about 2.7 V), that is when the
CC
internal error flag stops being asserted.
Figure 60. Startup Sequence
The feedback voltage goes high and asserts the internal error flag. The Pin 6 timer counts for about 100 ms (C
= 390 ns)
pin6
before shutting down the SMPS. One “V cycle over two is skipped” to limit the duty cycle in overload.
CC
Figure 61. Overload Conditions
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36
NCP1239
When the load current falls to a low level (CH4), the FB pin voltage diminishes to take into account the decay of the power
demand. As a consequence, the FB pin voltage goes below the “Vskip” threshold and the soft start timer counts about 100 ms
(if C
= 330 nF). When the 100 ms time has elapsed, the PFC V stops being fed.
pin6
CC
Figure 62. Transition Normal to Standby
When the load current increases from 1A to 5A, the FB pin increases too so that the supplied power matches the new demand.
The normal mode is recovered without delay.
Figure 63. Transition Standby to Normal
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NCP1239
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
SO−16
FD SUFFIX
CASE 751B−05
ISSUE J
−A−
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. DIMENSIONS A AND B DO NOT INCLUDE
MOLD PROTRUSION.
16
9
8
−B−
P 8 PL
4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 (0.006)
PER SIDE.
M
S
B
0.25 (0.010)
1
5. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE DAMBAR
PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.127 (0.005) TOTAL
IN EXCESS OF THE D DIMENSION AT
MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION.
G
MILLIMETERS
INCHES
MIN
DIM MIN
MAX
10.00
4.00
1.75
0.49
1.25
MAX
0.393
0.157
0.068
0.019
0.049
F
A
B
C
D
F
9.80
3.80
1.35
0.35
0.40
0.386
0.150
0.054
0.014
0.016
R X 45
K
_
C
G
J
1.27 BSC
0.050 BSC
−T−
SEATING
PLANE
0.19
0.10
0
0.25
0.25
7
0.008
0.004
0
0.009
0.009
7
J
M
K
M
P
R
D
16 PL
_
_
_
_
5.80
0.25
6.20
0.50
0.229
0.010
0.244
0.019
M
S
S
0.25 (0.010)
T B
A
The product described herein (NCP1239), may be covered by one or more of the following U.S. patents: 6,362,067, 6,385,060, 6,429,709. There may be
other patents pending.
ON Semiconductor and
are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice
to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability
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NCP1239/D
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