LM4671ITLX [NSC]

Filterless High Efficiency 2.5W Switching Audio Amplifier; 滤波的高效2.5W开关音频放大器
LM4671ITLX
型号: LM4671ITLX
厂家: National Semiconductor    National Semiconductor
描述:

Filterless High Efficiency 2.5W Switching Audio Amplifier
滤波的高效2.5W开关音频放大器

开关 商用集成电路 音频放大器
文件: 总20页 (文件大小:592K)
中文:  中文翻译
下载:  下载PDF数据表文档文件
December 18, 2007  
LM4671ꢀ  
Filterless High Efficiency 2.5W Switching Audio Amplifier  
General Description  
Key Specifications  
The LM4671 is a single supply, high efficiency 2.5W switching  
audio amplifier. A low noise, filterless PWM architecture elim-  
inates the output filter, reducing external component count,  
board area consumption, system cost, and simplifying design.  
■ꢀEfficiency @ 3.6V, 100mW into  
ꢁꢁ8Ω speaker  
80% (typ)  
88% (typ)  
■ꢀEfficiency @ 3.6V, 400mW into  
ꢁꢁ 8Ω speaker  
The LM4671 is designed to meet the demands of mobile  
phones and other portable communication devices. Operat-  
ing on a single 5V supply, it is capable of driving a 4speaker  
load at a continuous average output of 2.1W with less than  
1% THD+N. Its flexible power supply requirements allow op-  
eration from 2.4V to 5.5V.  
■ꢀEfficiency @ 5V, 1W into 8Ω  
speaker  
86% (typ)  
■ꢀQuiescent current, 3.6V supply  
2.8mA (typ)  
■ꢀTotal shutdown power supply  
0.01µA (typ)  
2.4V to 5.5V  
The LM4671 has high efficiency with speaker loads compared  
to a typical Class AB amplifier. With a 3V supply driving an  
8speaker, the IC's efficiency for a 100mW power level is  
80%, reaching 88% at 400mW output power.  
current  
■ꢀSingle supply range  
Features  
The LM4671 features a low-power consumption shutdown  
mode. Shutdown may be enabled by driving the Shutdown  
pin to a logic low (GND).  
No output filter required for inductive loads  
Externally configurable gain  
The gain of the LM4671 is externally configurable which al-  
lows independent gain control from multiple sources by sum-  
ming the signals.  
Very fast turn on time: 17μs (typ)  
Minimum external components  
"Click and pop" suppression circuitry  
Micro-power shutdown mode  
Available in space-saving microSMD package  
Applications  
Mobile phones  
PDAs  
Portable electronic devices  
Typical Application  
201073j3  
FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit  
Boomer® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.  
© 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation  
201073  
www.national.com  
Connection Diagrams  
9 Bump micro SMD Package  
micro SMD Marking  
201073c6  
Top View  
X — Date Code  
T— Die Traceability  
G — Boomer Family  
E7 — LM4671ITL  
20107336  
Top View  
Order Number LM4671ITL, LM4671ITLX  
See NS Package Number TLA09AAA  
www.national.com  
2
Thermal Resistance  
ꢁθJA (micro SMD)  
Soldering Information  
See AN-1112 "microSMD Wafers Level Chip Scale  
Package."  
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)  
220°C/W  
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,  
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/  
Distributors for availability and specifications.  
Supply Voltage (Note 1)  
Storage Temperature  
Voltage at Any Input Pin  
6.0V  
−65°C to +150°C  
Operating Ratings (Notes 1, 2)  
Temperature Range  
VDD + 0.3V V GND - 0.3V  
Power Dissipation (Note 3)  
Internally Limited  
TMIN TA TMAX  
Supply Voltage  
−40°C TA 85°C  
2.4V VDD 5.5V  
ESD Susceptibility, all other pins (Note 4)  
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5)  
2.0kV  
200V  
Junction Temperature (TJMAX  
)
150°C  
Electrical Characteristics (Notes 1, 2)  
The following specifications apply for AV = 2V/V (RI = 150k), RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for  
TA = 25°C.  
LM4671  
Units  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
VI = 0V, AV = 2V/V,  
Typical  
Limit  
(Limits)  
(Note 6)  
(Notes 7, 8)  
|VOS  
|
Differential Output Offset Voltage  
GSM Power Supply Rejection Ratio  
5
mV (max)  
dB (min)  
VDD = 2.4V to 5.0V  
VDD = 2.4V to 5.0V  
PSRRGSM  
61  
VDD = 2.4V to 5.0V  
CMRRGSM  
VIC = VDD/2 to 0.5V,  
VIC = VDD/2 to VDD – 0.8V  
GSM Common Mode Rejection Ratio  
68  
dB (min)  
|IIH|  
|IIL|  
Logic High Input Current  
Logic Low Input Current  
VDD = 5.0V, VI = 5.5V  
17  
0.9  
6.4  
3.8  
2.0  
100  
5
μA (max)  
μA (max)  
mA (max)  
mA  
VDD = 5.0V, VI = –0.3V  
VIN = 0V, No Load, VDD = 5.0V  
VIN = 0V, No Load, VDD = 3.6V  
VIN = 0V, No Load, VDD =2.4V  
IDD  
6.2  
3.0  
Quiescent Power Supply Current  
mA (max)  
VSHUTDOWN = 0V  
ISD  
Shutdown Current  
0.01  
1
μA (max)  
VDD = 2.4V to 5.0V  
VSDIH  
VSDIL  
ROSD  
Shutdown voltage input high  
Shutdown voltage input low  
Output Impedance  
1.2  
1.1  
1.4  
0.4  
V (min)  
V (max)  
VSHUTDOWN = 0.4V  
100  
kΩ  
270k/RI  
330k/RI  
V/V (min)  
V/V (max)  
AV  
Gain  
300k/RI  
Resistance from Shutdown Pin to  
GND  
RSD  
300  
kΩ  
RL = 15μH + 4Ω + 15μH  
THD = 10% (max)  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
VDD = 5V  
2.5  
1.3  
W
W
VDD = 3.6V  
VDD = 2.5V  
520  
mW  
PO  
Output Power  
RL = 15μH + 4Ω + 15μH  
THD = 1% (max)  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
VDD = 5V  
2.21  
1.06  
420  
W
W
mW  
VDD = 3.6V  
VDD = 2.5V  
3
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LM4671  
Typical  
Units  
(Limits)  
Symbol  
Parameter  
Conditions  
Limit  
(Note 6)  
(Notes 7, 8)  
RL = 15μH + 8Ω + 15μH  
THD = 10% (max)  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
VDD = 5V  
1.7  
870  
425  
W
VDD = 3.6V  
VDD = 2.5V  
mW  
mW  
PO  
Output Power  
RL = 15μH + 8Ω + 15μH  
THD = 1% (max)  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
VDD = 5V  
1.19  
700  
350  
W
VDD = 3.6V  
VDD = 2.5V  
600  
mW  
mW  
VDD = 5V, PO = 0.1WRMS  
f = 1kHz  
,
0.09  
0.04  
0.12  
0.05  
%
%
%
%
VDD = 3.6V, PO = 0.1WRMS  
f = 1kHz  
,
,
,
THD+N  
Total Harmonic Distortion + Noise  
VDD = 3.6V, PO = 0.1WRMS  
f = 5kHz  
VDD = 3.6V, PO = 0.1WRMS  
f = 10kHz  
VDD = 3.6V, 5V  
VRipple = 200mVPP Sine,  
fRipple = 217Hz  
61.8  
59.8  
48.7  
65.7  
dB  
dB  
dB  
dB  
Inputs to AC GND, CI = 2μF  
VDD = 3.6V, 5V  
VRipple = 200mVPP Sine,  
fRipple = 1kHz  
Inputs to AC GND, CI = 2μF  
PSRR  
Power Supply Rejection Ratio  
VDD = 3.6V, 5V  
VRipple = 200mVPP Sine,  
fRipple = 10kHz  
Inputs to AC GND, CI = 2μF  
VDD = 3.6V, 5V  
VRipple = 200mVPP Sine,  
fRipple = 217Hz  
fIN = 1kHz, PO = 10mWRMS  
VDD = 5V, PO = 1WRMS  
SNR  
Signal to Noise Ratio  
Output Noise  
93  
58  
dB  
VDD = 3.6V, f = 20Hz – 20kHz  
Inputs to AC GND, CI = 2μF  
No Weighting  
μVRMS  
εOUT  
VDD = 3.6V, Inputs to AC GND  
CI = 2μF, A Weighted  
38  
μVRMS  
VDD = 3.6V, VRipple = 1VPP Sine  
fRipple = 217Hz  
CMRR  
Common Mode Rejection Ratio  
68.3  
dB  
TWU  
TSD  
Wake-up Time  
Shutdown Time  
VDD = 3.6V  
17  
49  
μs (max)  
μs  
140  
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Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.  
Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is  
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions  
which guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters  
where no limit is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.  
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by TJMAX, θJA, and the ambient temperature TA. The maximum  
allowable power dissipation is PDMAX = (TJMAX–TA)/θJA or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4671, TJMAX = 150°C.  
The typical θJA is 220°C/W for the microSMD package.  
Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kresistor.  
Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF–240pF discharged through all pins.  
Note 6: Typical specifications are specified at 25°C and represent the parametric norm.  
Note 7: Tested limits are guaranteed to National's AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).  
Note 8: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.  
Note 9: Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase ISD by a maximum of 2µA. The Shutdown pin  
should be driven as close as possible to GND for minimal shutdown current and to VDD for the best THD performance in PLAY mode. See the Application  
Information section under SHUTDOWN FUNCTION for more information.  
Note 10: The performance graphs were taken using the Audio Precision AUX-0025 Switching Amplifier measurement Filter in series with the LC filter on the  
demo board.  
External Components Description  
(Figure 1)  
Components  
Functional Description  
1.  
CS  
Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing section  
for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.  
2.  
CI  
Input AC coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier's input terminals.  
5
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Typical Performance Characteristics  
THD+N vs Frequency  
VDD = 2.4V, RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
PO = 375mW, 22kHz BW  
THD+N vs Frequency  
VDD = 3.6V, RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
PO = 750mW, 22kHz BW  
20107303  
20107304  
THD+N vs Frequency  
VDD = 5V, RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
PO = 1.5mW, 22kHz BW  
THD+N vs Frequency  
VDD = 2.4V, RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
PO = 200mW, 22kHz BW  
20107305  
20107306  
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THD+N vs Frequency  
VDD = 3.6V, RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
PO = 500mW, 22kHz BW  
THD+N vs Frequency  
VDD = 5V, RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
PO = 1W, 22kHz BW  
20107307  
20107308  
THD+N vs Output Power  
VDD = 5V, RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
THD+N vs Output Power  
VDD = 5V, RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
20107310  
20107309  
CMRR vs Frequency  
PSRR vs Frequency  
VDD = 3.6V, RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
Vripple = 200mVp-p, 22kHz BW  
VDD = 3.6V, RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
Vripple = 1Vp-p, 22kHz BW  
20107311  
20107312  
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Efficiency vs Output Power  
RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
Efficiency vs Output Power  
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
20107314  
20107313  
Power Dissipation vs Output Power  
RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
Power Dissipation vs Output Power  
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW  
20107316  
20107315  
Output Power vs Supply Voltage  
RL = 15μH+4Ω+15μH,  
VDD = 3.6V  
Output Power vs Supply Voltage  
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH,  
VDD = 3.6V  
20107318  
20107317  
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Gain vs Supply Voltage  
Supply Current vs Supply Voltage  
Rin = 150kΩ  
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH  
20107319  
20107320  
Shutdown Current vs Supply Voltage  
RL = 15μH+8Ω+15μH  
20107321  
Application Information  
GENERAL AMPLIFIER FUNCTION  
duce it with the difference being the power dissipated, typi-  
cally, in the IC. The key here is “useful” work. For audio  
systems, the energy delivered in the audible bands is con-  
sidered useful including the distortion products of the input  
signal. Sub-sonic (DC) and super-sonic components  
(>22kHz) are not useful. The difference between the power  
flowing from the power supply and the audio band power be-  
ing transduced is dissipated in the LM4671 and in the trans-  
ducer load. The amount of power dissipation in the LM4671  
is very low. This is because the ON resistance of the switches  
used to form the output waveforms is typically less than  
0.25. This leaves only the transducer load as a potential  
"sink" for the small excess of input power over audio band  
output power. The LM4671 dissipates only a fraction of the  
excess power requiring no additional PCB area or copper  
plane to act as a heat sink.  
The LM4671 features a filterless modulation scheme. The  
differential outputs of the device switch at 300kHz from VDD  
to GND. When there is no input signal applied, the two outputs  
(VO1 and VO2) switch with a 50% duty cycle, with both outputs  
in phase. Because the outputs of the LM4671 are differential,  
the two signals cancel each other. This results in no net volt-  
age across the speaker, thus there is no load current during  
an idle state, conserving power.  
With an input signal applied, the duty cycle (pulse width) of  
the LM4671 outputs changes. For increasing output voltages,  
the duty cycle of VO1 increases, while the duty cycle of VO2  
decreases. For decreasing output voltages, the converse oc-  
curs, the duty cycle of VO2 increases while the duty cycle of  
VO1 decreases. The difference between the two pulse widths  
yields the differential output voltage.  
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER EXPLANATION  
POWER DISSIPATION AND EFFICIENCY  
As logic supply voltages continue to shrink, designers are in-  
creasingly turning to differential analog signal handling to  
In general terms, efficiency is considered to be the ratio of  
useful work output divided by the total energy required to pro-  
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preserve signal to noise ratios with restricted voltage swing.  
The LM4671 is a fully differential amplifier that features dif-  
ferential input and output stages. A differential amplifier am-  
plifies the difference between the two input signals. Tradition-  
al audio power amplifiers have typically offered only single-  
ended inputs resulting in a 6dB reduction in signal to noise  
ratio relative to differential inputs. The LM4671 also offers the  
possibility of DC input coupling which eliminates the two ex-  
ternal AC coupling, DC blocking capacitors. The LM4671 can  
be used, however, as a single ended input amplifier while still  
retaining it's fully differential benefits. In fact, completely un-  
related signals may be placed on the input pins. The LM4671  
simply amplifies the difference between the signals. A major  
benefit of a differential amplifier is the improved common  
mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over single input amplifiers. The  
common-mode rejection characteristic of the differential am-  
plifier reduces sensitivity to ground offset related noise injec-  
tion, especially important in high noise applications.  
SHUTDOWN FUNCTION  
In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the  
LM4671 contains shutdown circuitry that reduces current  
draw to less than 0.01µA. The trigger point for shutdown is  
shown as a typical value in the Electrical Characteristics Ta-  
bles and in the Shutdown Hysteresis Voltage graphs found in  
the Typical Performance Characteristics section. It is best  
to switch between ground and supply for minimum current  
usage while in the shutdown state. While the LM4671 may be  
disabled with shutdown voltages in between ground and sup-  
ply, the idle current will be greater than the typical 0.01µA  
value. Increased THD may also be observed with voltages  
less than VDD on the Shutdown pin when in PLAY mode.  
The LM4671 has an internal resistor connected between  
GND and Shutdown pins. The purpose of this resistor is to  
eliminate any unwanted state changes when the Shutdown  
pin is floating. The LM4671 will enter the shutdown state when  
the Shutdown pin is left floating or if not floating, when the  
shutdown voltage has crossed the threshold. To minimize the  
supply current while in the shutdown state, the Shutdown pin  
should be driven to GND or left floating. If the Shutdown pin  
is not driven to GND, the amount of additional resistor current  
due to the internal shutdown resistor can be found by Equa-  
tion (1) below.  
PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS  
As output power increases, interconnect resistance (PCB  
traces and wires) between the amplifier, load and power sup-  
ply create a voltage drop. The voltage loss on the traces  
between the LM4671 and the load results is lower output  
power and decreased efficiency. Higher trace resistance be-  
tween the supply and the LM4671 has the same effect as a  
poorly regulated supply, increase ripple on the supply line al-  
so reducing the peak output power. The effects of residual  
trace resistance increases as output current increases due to  
higher output power, decreased load impedance or both. To  
maintain the highest output voltage swing and corresponding  
peak output power, the PCB traces that connect the output  
pins to the load and the supply pins to the power supply  
should be as wide as possible to minimize trace resistance.  
(VSD - GND) / 60kΩ  
(1)  
With only a 0.5V difference, an additional 8.3µA of current will  
be drawn while in the shutdown state.  
PROPER SELECTION OF EXTERNAL COMPONENTS  
The gain of the LM4671 is set by the external resistors, Ri in  
Figure 1, The Gain is given by Equation (2) below. Best THD  
+N performance is achieved with a gain of 2V/V (6dB).  
The use of power and ground planes will give the best THD  
+N performance. While reducing trace resistance, the use of  
power planes also creates parasite capacitors that help to fil-  
ter the power supply line.  
AV = 2 * 150 k/ Ri (V/V)  
(2)  
The inductive nature of the transducer load can also result in  
overshoot on one or both edges, clamped by the parasitic  
diodes to GND and VDD in each case. From an EMI stand-  
point, this is an aggressive waveform that can radiate or  
conduct to other components in the system and cause inter-  
ference. It is essential to keep the power and output traces  
short and well shielded if possible. Use of ground planes,  
beads, and micro-strip layout techniques are all useful in pre-  
venting unwanted interference.  
It is recommended that resistors with 1% tolerance or better  
be used to set the gain of the LM4671. The Ri resistors should  
be placed close to the input pins of the LM4671. Keeping the  
input traces close to each other and of the same length in a  
high noise environment will aid in noise rejection due to the  
good CMRR of the LM4671. Noise coupled onto input traces  
which are physically close to each other will be common mode  
and easily rejected by the LM4671.  
Input capacitors may be needed for some applications or  
when the source is single-ended (see Figures 3, 5). Input ca-  
pacitors are needed to block any DC voltage at the source so  
that the DC voltage seen between the input terminals of the  
LM4671 is 0V. Input capacitors create a high-pass filter with  
the input resistors, Ri. The –3dB point of the high-pass filter  
is found using Equation (3) below.  
As the distance from the LM4671 and the speaker increase,  
the amount of EMI radiation will increase since the output  
wires or traces acting as antenna become more efficient with  
length. What is acceptable EMI is highly application specific.  
Ferrite chip inductors placed close to the LM4671 may be  
needed to reduce EMI radiation. The value of the ferrite chip  
is very application specific.  
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING  
fC = 1 / (2πRi Ci ) (Hz)  
(3)  
As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is crit-  
ical for low noise performance and high power supply rejec-  
tion ratio (PSRR). The capacitor (CS) location should be as  
close as possible to the LM4671. Typical applications employ  
a voltage regulator with a 10µF and a 0.1µF bypass capacitors  
that increase supply stability. These capacitors do not elimi-  
nate the need for bypassing on the supply pin of the LM4671.  
A 1µF tantalum capacitor is recommended.  
The input capacitors may also be used to remove low audio  
frequencies. Small speakers cannot reproduce low bass fre-  
quencies so filtering may be desired . When the LM4671 is  
using a single-ended source, power supply noise on the  
ground is seen as an input signal by the +IN input pin that is  
capacitor coupled to ground (See Figures 5 – 7). Setting the  
high-pass filter point above the power supply noise frequen-  
cies, 217Hz in a GSM phone, for example, will filter out this  
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10  
noise so it is not amplified and heard on the output. Capacitors  
with a tolerance of 10% or better are recommended for  
impedance matching.  
terminals. Figure 5 shows the typical single-ended application  
configuration. The equations for Gain, Equation (2), and fre-  
quency response, Equation (3), hold for the single-ended  
configuration as shown in Figure 5.  
DIFFERENTIAL CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS  
When using more than one single-ended source as shown in  
Figure 6, the impedance seen from each input terminal should  
be equal. To find the correct values for Ci3 and Ri3 connected  
to the +IN input pin the equivalent impedance of all the single-  
ended sources are calculated. The single-ended sources are  
in parallel to each other. The equivalent capacitor and resis-  
tor, Ci3 and Ri3, are found by calculating the parallel combi-  
nation of all Civalues and then all Ri values. Equations (4) and  
(5) below are for any number of single-ended sources.  
The LM4671 can be used in many different circuit configura-  
tions. The simplest and best performing is the DC coupled,  
differential input configuration shown in Figure 2. Equation (2)  
above is used to determine the value of the Ri resistors for a  
desired gain.  
Input capacitors can be used in a differential configuration as  
shown in Figure 3. Equation (3) above is used to determine  
the value of the Ci capacitors for a desired frequency re-  
sponse due to the high-pass filter created by Ci and Ri.  
Equation (2) above is used to determine the value of the Ri  
resistors for a desired gain  
Ci3 = Ci1 + Ci2 + Cin ... (μF)  
(4)  
(5)  
The LM4671 can be used to amplify more than one audio  
source. Figure 4 shows a dual differential input configuration.  
The gain for each input can be independently set for maxi-  
mum design flexibility using the Ri resistors for each input and  
Equation (2). Input capacitors can be used with one or more  
sources as well to have different frequency responses de-  
pending on the source or if a DC voltage needs to be blocked  
from a source.  
Ri3 = 1 / (1/Ri1 + 1/Ri2 + 1/Rin ...) (Ω)  
The LM4671 may also use a combination of single-ended and  
differential sources. A typical application with one single-end-  
ed source and one differential source is shown in Figure 7.  
Using the principle of superposition, the external component  
values can be determined with the above equations corre-  
sponding to the configuration.  
SINGLE-ENDED CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS  
The LM4671 can also be used with single-ended sources but  
input capacitors will be needed to block any DC at the input  
201073i7  
FIGURE 2. Differential input configuration  
11  
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201073i8  
FIGURE 3. Differential input configuration with input capacitors  
201073i9  
FIGURE 4. Dual differential input configuration  
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201073j0  
FIGURE 5. Single-ended input configuration  
201073j1  
FIGURE 6. Dual single-ended input configuration  
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201073j2  
FIGURE 7. Dual input with a single-ended input and a differential input  
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14  
REFERENCE DESIGN BOARD SCHEMATIC  
201073j4  
FIGURE 8.  
The commonly used Audio Precision analyzer is differential,  
but its ability to accurately reject high frequency signals is  
questionable necessitating the on board measurement filter.  
When in doubt or when the signal needs to be single-ended,  
use an audio signal transformer to convert the differential out-  
put to a single ended output. Depending on the audio  
transformer's characteristics, there may be some attenuation  
of the audio signal which needs to be taken into account for  
correct measurement of performance.  
In addition to the minimal parts required for the application  
circuit, a measurement filter is provided on the evaluation cir-  
cuit board so that conventional audio measurements can be  
conveniently made without additional equipment. This is a  
balanced input, grounded differential output low pass filter  
with a 3dB frequency of approximately 35kHz and an on board  
termination resistor of 300Ω (see schematic). Note that the  
capacitive load elements are returned to ground. This is not  
optimal for common mode rejection purposes, but due to the  
independent pulse format at each output there is a significant  
amount of high frequency common mode component on the  
outputs. The grounded capacitive filter elements attenuate  
this component at the board to reduce the high frequency  
CMRR requirement placed on the analysis instruments.  
Measurements made at the output of the measurement filter  
suffer attenuation relative to the primary, unfiltered outputs  
even at audio frequencies. This is due to the resistance of the  
inductors interacting with the termination resistor (300) and  
is typically about -0.25dB (3%). In other words, the voltage  
levels (and corresponding power levels) indicated through the  
measurement filter are slightly lower than those that actually  
occur at the load placed on the unfiltered outputs. This small  
loss in the filter for measurement gives a lower output power  
reading than what is really occurring on the unfiltered outputs  
and its load.  
Even with the grounded filter the audio signal is still differen-  
tial, necessitating a differential input on any analysis instru-  
ment connected to it. Most lab instruments that feature BNC  
connectors on their inputs are NOT differential responding  
because the ring of the BNC is usually grounded.  
15  
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LM4671 micro SMD BOARD ARTWORK  
Composite View  
Silk Screen  
Internal Layer 1, GND  
Bottom Layer  
201073j6  
201073k0  
201073j8  
201073j9  
201073j7  
201073j5  
Top Layer  
Internal Layer 2, GND  
www.national.com  
16  
Revision History  
Rev  
1.0  
Date  
Description  
03/16/05  
12/17/07  
Initial release.  
1.01  
Some text edits.  
17  
www.national.com  
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted  
9 Bump micro SMD  
Order Number LM4671ITL, LM4671ITLX  
NS Package Number TLA09AAA  
X1 = 1.514 X2 = 1.514 X3 = 0.600  
www.national.com  
18  
Notes  
19  
www.national.com  
Notes  
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