LM4667 [NSC]
Filterless High Efficiency 1.3W Switching Audio Amplifier; 滤波的高效1.3W开关音频放大器
| 型号： | LM4667 |
| 厂家： | 
National Semiconductor |
| 描述： | Filterless High Efficiency 1.3W Switching Audio Amplifier |
| 文件： | 总16页 (文件大小：754K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
September 2004
LM4667
Filterless High Efficiency 1.3W Switching Audio
Amplifier
General Description
Key Specifications
The LM4667 is a fully integrated single-supply high efficiency
switching audio amplifier. It features an innovative modulator
that eliminates the LC output filter used with typical switching
amplifiers. Eliminating the output filter reduces parts count,
simplifies circuit design, and reduces board area. The
LM4667 processes analog inputs with a delta-sigma modu-
lation technique that lowers output noise and THD when
compared to conventional pulse width modulators.
j
Efficiency at 3V, 100mW into 8Ω transducer 74% (typ)
Efficiency at 3V, 450mW into 8Ω transducer 84% (typ)
j
j
j
j
j
Efficiency at 5V, 1W into 8Ω transducer
Total quiescent power supply current
Total shutdown power supply current
Single supply range
86% (typ)
3.5mA (typ)
0.01µA (typ)
2.7V to 5.5V
The LM4667 is designed to meet the demands of mobile
phones and other portable communication devices. Operat-
ing on a single 3V supply, it is capable of driving 8Ω trans-
ducer loads at a continuous average output of 450mW with
less than 1%THD+N. Its flexible power supply requirements
allow operation from 2.7V to 5.5V.
Features
n No output filter required for inductive transducers
n Selectable gain of 6dB or 12dB
n Very fast turn on time: 5ms (typ)
n Minimum external components
n "Click and pop" suppression circuitry
n Micro-power shutdown mode
n Short circuit protection
The LM4667 has high efficiency with an 8Ω transducer load
compared to a typical Class AB amplifier. With a 3V supply,
the IC’s efficiency for a 100mW power level is 74%, reaching
84% at 450mW output power.
The LM4667 features a low-power consumption shutdown
mode. Shutdown may be enabled by driving the Shutdown
pin to a logic low (GND).
n Available in space-saving micro SMD and MSOP
packages
The LM4667 has fixed selectable gain of either 6dB or 12dB.
The LM4667 has short circuit protection against a short from
the outputs to VDD, GND, or across the outputs.
Applications
n Mobile phones
n PDAs
n Portable electronic devices
Typical Application
200405G5
FIGURE 1. Typical Audio Amplifier Application Circuit
Boomer® is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation.
© 2004 National Semiconductor Corporation
DS200405
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Connection Diagrams
9 Bump micro SMD Package
micro SMD Marking
200405C6
Top View
X— Date Code
T— Die Traceability
G — Boomer Family
B4– LM4667ITL
20040536
Top View
Order Number LM4667ITL, LM4667ITLX
See NS Package Number TLA09AAA
Mini Small Outline (MSOP) Package
MSOP Marking
200405H8
Top View
G —Boomer Family
A6 — LM4667MM
200405I4
Top View
Order Number LM4667MM
See NS Package Number MUB10A
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2
Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 1, 2)
If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required,
please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/
Distributors for availability and specifications.
θJA (micro SMD)
220˚C/W
190˚C/W
56˚C/W
θJA (MSOP )
θJC (MSOP)
Soldering Information
Supply Voltage (Note1)
Storage Temperature
6.0V
−65˚C to +150˚C
VDD + 0.3V ≥ V ≥ GND - 0.3V
Internally Limited
7.0kV
See AN-1112 "microSMD Wafers Level Chip Scale
Package."
Voltage at Any Input Pin
Power Dissipation (Note 3)
ESD Susceptibility (Note 4)
ESD Susceptibility (Note 5)
Junction Temperature (TJ)
Thermal Resistance
Operating Ratings (Note 2)
Temperature Range
250V
TMIN ≤ TA ≤ TMAX
−40˚C ≤ TA ≤ 85˚C
2.7V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.5V
150˚C
Supply Voltage
Electrical Characteristics VDD = 5V (Notes 1, 2)
The following specifications apply for VDD = 5V and RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA
=
25˚C.
LM4667
Typical
Units
(Limits)
Symbol
Parameter
Conditions
VIN = 0V, No Load
Limit
(Note 6)
(Notes 7, 8)
IDD
Quiescent Power Supply Current
8
mA
mA
µA
V
VIN = 0V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
9
ISD
Shutdown Current
VSD = GND (Note 9)
0.01
VSDIH
VSDIL
VGSIH
VGSIL
AV
Shutdown Voltage Input High
Shutdown Voltage Input Low
Gain Select Input High
Gain Select Input Low
Closed Loop Gain
1.2
1.1
V
1.2
V
1.1
V
VGain Select = VDD
VGain Select = GND
6
dB
dB
mV
ms
W
AV
Closed Loop Gain
12
VOS
Output Offset Voltage
Wake-up Time
10
TWU
Po
5
Output Power
THD = 2% (max), f = 1kHz
PO = 100mWRMS; fIN = 1kHz
VGain Select = VDD
1.3
THD+N
Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise
0.8
%
90
kΩ
kΩ
RIN
Differential Input Resistance
VGain Select = GND
60
55
VRipple = 100mVRMS sine wave
Inputs terminated to GND
VRipple = 100mVRMS sine wave
POUT = 10mW,1kHz
dB
(f = 217Hz)
65
PSRR
CMRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
dB
dB
(f = 217Hz)
41
VRipple = 100mVRMS
,
fRipple = 217Hz
SNR
Signal to Noise Ratio
Output Noise
PO = 1WRMS; A-Weighted Filter
A-Weighted filter, Vin = 0V
83
dB
µV
eOUT
200
3
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Electrical Characteristics VDD = 3V (Notes 1, 2)
The following specifications apply for VDD = 3V and RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH unless otherwise specified. Limits apply for TA
=
25˚C.
LM4667
Units
Symbol
IDD
Parameter
Conditions
VIN = 0V, No Load
Typical
(Note 6)
3.50
3.75
0.01
1.0
Limit
(Limits)
(Notes 7, 8)
Quiescent Power Supply Current
5.0
mA (max)
VIN = 0V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
ISD
Shutdown Current
VSD = GND (Note 9)
2.0
1.4
0.4
1.4
0.4
5.5
6.5
11.5
12.5
25
µA (max)
V (min)
V (max)
V (min)
V (max)
dB (min)
dB (max)
dB (min)
dB (max)
mV (max)
ms
VSDIH
VSDIL
VGSIH
VGSIL
Shutdown Voltage Input High
Shutdown Voltage Input Low
Gain Select Input High
Gain Select Input Low
0.8
1.0
0.8
AV
AV
Closed Loop Gain
Closed Loop Gain
VGain Select = VDD
VGain Select = GND
6
12
VOS
Output Offset Voltage
Wake-up Time
10
TWU
Po
5
Output Power
THD = 1% (max); f = 1kHz
PO = 100mWRMS; fIN = 1kHz
VGain Select = VDD
450
425
mW (min)
%
THD+N
Total Harmonic Distortion+Noise
0.35
90
kΩ
RIN
Differential Input Resistance
VGain Select = GND
60
56
kΩ
Vripple = 100mVRMS sine wave
Inputs terminated to GND
VRipple = 100mVRMS sine wave
POUT = 10mW,1kHz
dB
(f = 217Hz)
65
PSRR
CMRR
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
Common Mode Rejection Ratio
dB
dB
(f = 217Hz)
41
VRipple = 100mVRMS
,
fRipple = 217Hz
SNR
Signal to Noise Ratio
Output Noise
PO = 400mWRMS, A-Weighted Filter
A-Weighted filter, Vin = 0V
83
dB
µV
eOUT
125
Note 1: All voltages are measured with respect to the ground pin, unless otherwise specified.
Note 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. Operating Ratings indicate conditions for which the device is
functional, but do not guarantee specific performance limits. Electrical Characteristics state DC and AC electrical specifications under particular test conditions which
guarantee specific performance limits. This assumes that the device is within the Operating Ratings. Specifications are not guaranteed for parameters where no limit
is given, however, the typical value is a good indication of device performance.
Note 3: The maximum power dissipation must be derated at elevated temperatures and is dictated by T
, θ , and the ambient temperature T . The maximum
A
JMAX JA
allowable power dissipation is P
= (T
–T )/θ or the number given in Absolute Maximum Ratings, whichever is lower. For the LM4667, T
= 150˚C.
DMAX
JMAX
A
JA
JMAX
The typical θ is 220˚C/W for the microSMD package and 190˚C/W for the MSOP package.
JA
Note 4: Human body model, 100pF discharged through a 1.5kΩ resistor.
Note 5: Machine Model, 220pF–240pF discharged through all pins.
Note 6: Typical specifications are specified at 25˚C and represent the parametric norm.
Note 7: Tested limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level).
Note 8: Datasheet min/max specification limits are guaranteed by design, test, or statistical analysis.
Note 9: Shutdown current is measured in a normal room environment. Exposure to direct sunlight will increase I by a maximum of 2µA. The Shutdown pin should
SD
be driven as close as possible to GND for minimal shutdown current and to V
section under SHUTDOWN FUNCTION for more information.
for the best THD performance in PLAY mode. See the Application Information
DD
External Components Description
(Figure 1)
Components
Functional Description
1.
CS
Supply bypass capacitor which provides power supply filtering. Refer to the Power Supply Bypassing
section for information concerning proper placement and selection of the supply bypass capacitor.
Input AC coupling capacitor which blocks the DC voltage at the amplifier’s input terminals.
2.
CI
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4
Typical Performance Characteristics
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 5V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
POUT = 100mW, 30kHz BW
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
POUT = 100mW, 30kHz BW
200405D5
200405D6
THD+N vs Frequency
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 4Ω + 15µH
POUT = 300mW, 30kHz BW
THD+N vs Power Out
VDD = 5V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW
200405D7
200405D8
THD+N vs Power Out
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 4Ω + 15µH
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW
THD+N vs Power Out
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
f = 1kHz, 22kHz BW
200405D9
200405E0
5
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
CMRR vs Frequency
CMRR vs Frequency
VDD = 5V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
VCM = 300mVRMS Sine Wave, 30kHz BW
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
VCM = 300mVRMS Sine Wave, 30kHz BW
200405E1
200405E2
PSRR vs Frequency
PSRR vs Frequency
VDD = 5V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
VRipple = 100mVRMS Sine Wave, 22kHz BW
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
VRipple = 100mVRMS Sine Wave, 22kHz BW
200405E3
200405E4
Efficiency and Power Dissipation
vs Output Power
VDD = 5V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH, f = 1kHz, THD 2%
Efficiency and Power Dissipation
vs Output Power
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH, f = 1kHz, THD 1%
<
<
200405E5
200405E6
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6
Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Efficiency and Power Dissipation
vs Output Power
VDD = 3V, RL = 15µH + 4Ω + 15µH, f = 1kHz, THD 1%
Gain Select Threshold
VDD = 3V
<
200405E7
200405H6
Gain Select Threshold
VDD = 5V
Gain Select Threshold
vs Supply Voltage
RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
200405H1
200405H2
Output Power vs Supply Voltage
Output Power vs Supply Voltage
RL = 15µH + 4Ω + 15µH, f = 1kHz
RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH, f = 1kHz
200405F3
200405F4
7
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Typical Performance Characteristics (Continued)
Output Power vs Supply Voltage
RL = 15µH + 16Ω + 15µH, f = 1kHz
Shutdown Threshold
VDD = 5V
200405F5
200405H4
200405H5
200405G0
Shutdown Threshold
vs Supply Voltage
RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
Shutdown Threshold
VDD = 3V
200405H3
Supply Current
vs Shutdown Voltage
RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
Supply Current
vs Supply Voltage
RL = 15µH + 8Ω + 15µH
200405H0
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8
Application Information
GENERAL AMPLIFIER FUNCTION
single input amplifiers. The common-mode rejection charac-
teristic of the differential amplifier reduces sensitivity to
ground offset related noise injection, especially important in
high noise applications.
The output signals generated by the LM4667 consist of two,
BTL connected, output signals that pulse momentarily from
near ground potential to VDD. The two outputs can pulse
independently with the exception that they both may never
pulse simultaneously as this would result in zero volts across
the BTL load. The minimum width of each pulse is approxi-
mately 160ns. However, pulses on the same output can
occur sequentially, in which case they are concatenated and
appear as a single wider pulse to achieve an effective 100%
duty cycle. This results in maximum audio output power for a
given supply voltage and load impedance. The LM4667 can
achieve much higher efficiencies than class AB amplifiers
while maintaining acceptable THD performance.
PCB LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS
As output power increases, interconnect resistance (PCB
traces and wires) between the amplifier, load and power
supply create a voltage drop. The voltage loss on the traces
between the LM4667 and the load results is lower output
power and decreased efficiency. Higher trace resistance
between the supply and the LM4667 has the same effect as
a poorly regulated supply, increase ripple on the supply line
also reducing the peak output power. The effects of residual
trace resistance increases as output current increases due
to higher output power, decreased load impedance or both.
To maintain the highest output voltage swing and corre-
sponding peak output power, the PCB traces that connect
the output pins to the load and the supply pins to the power
supply should be as wide as possible to minimize trace
resistance.
The short (160ns) drive pulses emitted at the LM4667 out-
puts means that good efficiency can be obtained with mini-
mal load inductance. The typical transducer load on an audio
amplifier is quite reactive (inductive). For this reason, the
load can act as it’s own filter, so to speak. This "filter-less"
switching amplifier/transducer load combination is much
more attractive economically due to savings in board space
and external component cost by eliminating the need for a
filter.
The rising and falling edges are necessarily short in relation
to the minimum pulse width (160ns), having approximately
2ns rise and fall times, typical, depending on parasitic output
capacitance. The inductive nature of the transducer load can
also result in overshoot on one or both edges, clamped by
the parasitic diodes to GND and VDD in each case. From an
EMI standpoint, this is an aggressive waveform that can
radiate or conduct to other components in the system and
cause interference. It is essential to keep the power and
output traces short and well shielded if possible. Use of
ground planes, beads, and micro-strip layout techniques are
all useful in preventing unwanted interference.
POWER DISSIPATION AND EFFICIENCY
In general terms, efficiency is considered to be the ratio of
useful work output divided by the total energy required to
produce it with the difference being the power dissipated,
typically, in the IC. The key here is “useful” work. For audio
systems, the energy delivered in the audible bands is con-
sidered useful including the distortion products of the input
signal. Sub-sonic (DC) and super-sonic components
>
(
22kHz) are not useful. The difference between the power
flowing from the power supply and the audio band power
being transduced is dissipated in the LM4667 and in the
transducer load. The amount of power dissipation in the
LM4667 is very low. This is because the ON resistance of the
switches used to form the output waveforms is typically less
than 0.25Ω. This leaves only the transducer load as a po-
tential "sink" for the small excess of input power over audio
band output power. The LM4667 dissipates only a fraction of
the excess power requiring no additional PCB area or cop-
per plane to act as a heat sink.
POWER SUPPLY BYPASSING
As with any power amplifier, proper supply bypassing is
critical for low noise performance and high power supply
rejection ratio (PSRR). The capacitor (CS) location should be
as close as possible to the LM4667. Typical applications
employ a voltage regulator with a 10µF and a 0.1µF bypass
capacitors that increase supply stability. These capacitors do
not eliminate the need for bypassing on the supply pin of the
LM4667. A 1µF tantalum capacitor is recommended.
SHUTDOWN FUNCTION
In order to reduce power consumption while not in use, the
LM4667 contains shutdown circuitry that reduces current
draw to less than 0.01µA. The trigger point for shutdown is
shown as a typical value in the Electrical Characteristics
Tables and in the Shutdown Hysteresis Voltage graphs
found in the Typical Performance Characteristics section.
It is best to switch between ground and supply for minimum
current usage while in the shutdown state. While the
LM4667 may be disabled with shutdown voltages in between
ground and supply, the idle current will be greater than the
typical 0.01µA value. Increased THD may also be observed
with voltages less than VDD on the Shutdown pin when in
PLAY mode.
DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER EXPLANATION
As logic supply voltages continue to shrink, designers are
increasingly turning to differential analog signal handling to
preserve signal to noise ratios with restricted voltage swing.
The LM4667 is a fully differential amplifier that features
differential input and output stages. A differential amplifier
amplifies the difference between the two input signals. Tra-
ditional audio power amplifiers have typically offered only
single-ended inputs resulting in a 6dB reduction in signal to
noise ratio relative to differential inputs. The LM4667 also
offers the possibility of DC input coupling which eliminates
the two external AC coupling, DC blocking capacitors. The
LM4667 can be used, however, as a single ended input
amplifier while still retaining it’s fully differential benefits. In
fact, completely unrelated signals may be placed on the
input pins. The LM4667 simply amplifies the difference be-
tween the signals. A major benefit of a differential amplifier is
the improved common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) over
The LM4667 has an internal resistor connected between
GND and Shutdown pins. The purpose of this resistor is to
eliminate any unwanted state changes when the Shutdown
pin is floating. The LM4667 will enter the shutdown state
when the Shutdown pin is left floating or if not floating, when
9
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manently connected to VDD or driven to a logic high level.
For a differential gain of 12dB, the Gain Select pin should be
permanently connected to GND or driven to a logic low level.
The gain of the LM4667 can be switched while the amplifier
is in PLAY mode driving a load with a signal without damage
to the IC. The voltage on the Gain Select pin should be
switched quickly between GND (logic low) and VDD (logic
high) to eliminate any possible audible artifacts from appear-
ing at the output. For typical threshold voltages for the Gain
Select function, refer to the Gain Threshold Voltages graph
in the Typical Performance Characteristics section.
Application Information (Continued)
the shutdown voltage has crossed the threshold. To mini-
mize the supply current while in the shutdown state, the
Shutdown pin should be driven to GND or left floating. If the
Shutdown pin is not driven to GND, the amount of additional
resistor current due to the internal shutdown resistor can be
found by Equation (1) below.
(VSD - GND) / 60kΩ
(1)
With only a 0.5V difference, an additional 8.3µA of current
will be drawn while in the shutdown state.
GAIN SELECTION FUNCTION
The LM4667 has fixed selectable gain to minimize external
components, increase flexibility and simplify design. For a
differential gain of 6dB, the Gain Select pin should be per-
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10
Application Information (Continued)
SINGLE-ENDED CIRCUIT CONFIGURATIONS
200405C8
FIGURE 2. Single-Ended Input with low gain selection configuration
200405C9
FIGURE 3. Single-Ended Input with high gain selection configuration
11
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Application Information (Continued)
REFERENCE DESIGN BOARD SCHEMATIC
200405C7
FIGURE 4.
In addition to the minimal parts required for the application
circuit, a measurement filter is provided on the evaluation
circuit board so that conventional audio measurements can
be conveniently made without additional equipment. This is a
balanced input / grounded differential output low pass filter
with a 3dB frequency of approximately 35kHz and an on
board termination resistor of 300Ω (see schematic). Note
that the capacitive load elements are returned to ground.
This is not optimal for common mode rejection purposes, but
due to the independent pulse format at each output there is
a significant amount of high frequency common mode com-
ponent on the outputs. The grounded capacitive filter ele-
ments attenuate this component at the board to reduce the
high frequency CMRR requirement placed on the analysis
instruments.
The commonly used Audio Precision analyzer is differential,
but its ability to accurately reject fast pulses of 160nS width
is questionable necessitating the on board measurement
filter. When in doubt or when the signal needs to be single-
ended, use an audio signal transformer to convert the differ-
ential output to a single ended output. Depending on the
audio transformer’s characteristics, there may be some at-
tenuation of the audio signal which needs to be taken into
account for correct measurement of performance.
Measurements made at the output of the measurement filter
suffer attenuation relative to the primary, unfiltered outputs
even at audio frequencies. This is due to the resistance of
the inductors interacting with the termination resistor (300Ω)
and is typically about -0.35dB (4%). In other words, the
voltage levels (and corresponding power levels) indicated
through the measurement filter are slightly lower than those
that actually occur at the load placed on the unfiltered out-
puts. This small loss in the filter for measurement gives a
lower output power reading than what is really occurring on
the unfiltered outputs and its load.
Even with the grounded filter the audio signal is still differ-
ential, necessitating a differential input on any analysis in-
strument connected to it. Most lab instruments that feature
BNC connectors on their inputs are NOT differential re-
sponding because the ring of the BNC is usually grounded.
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Application Information (Continued)
LM4667 micro SMD BOARD ARTWORK
Composite View
Silk Screen
200405G7
200405G6
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
200405D1
200405G8
13
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Application Information (Continued)
LM4667 MSOP BOARD ARTWORK
Composite View
Silk Screen
200405I1
200405I2
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
200405I3
200405I0
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14
Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted
9 Bump micro SMD
Order Number LM4667ITL, LM4667ITLX
NS Package Number TLA09AAA
X1 = 1.514 X2 = 1.514 X3 = 0.600
Mini Small Outline (MSOP)
Order Number LM4667MM
NS Package Number MUB10A
15
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