AMDATHLONXP/AMDDURON [ETC]
AMD Athlon XP. AMD Duron - Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems ; AMD的Athlon XP 。 AMD毒龙 - 建筑工地指南台式机/塔系统\n
| 型号： | AMDATHLONXP/AMDDURON |
| 厂家： | 
ETC |
| 描述： | AMD Athlon XP. AMD Duron - Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
|
| 文件： | 总24页 (文件大小：6155K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
Builders Guide for
Desktop/Tower Systems
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©2000–2002 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. All rights reserved.
The contents of this document are provided in connection with
Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products. AMD makes no
representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or complete-
ness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to make
changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without
notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or
otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this publica-
tion. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of
Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any
express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not
limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a partic-
ular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right.
AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted
for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the
body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in
any other application in which the failure of AMD’s product could
create a situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or
environmental damage may occur.
AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its products
at any time without notice.
Trademarks:
AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, AMD Athlon, AMD Duron and combinations thereof, are
trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
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Guidelines for Selection
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Calculating System Power Consumption
Power Supplies Design Guidelines
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Heatsinks and Thermal Interface Guidelines
Proper Heatsink Installation
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
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26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
Reliable and cost-effective systems are the result of
good planning, appropriate hardware components,
and consistently good assembly techniques. While
this guide can not directly help a system builder
with assembly techniques, it is designed to aid in
the planning stage, give guidance for many of the
hardware choices, and offers techniques for
addressing some common problems.
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
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26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
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The selection of the proper system hardware is critical to the success of the finished system.
For best results, a system builder should always contact the supplier or vendor of each
component to verify that each of the chosen component supports the desired system
configuration. The following is a basic guideline that has been tested and approved by the
engineering staff at AMD.
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The choice of the appropriate system enclosure depends on many factors as follows:
1. It must be compatible with the chosen motherboard and power supply.
2. It must be large enough to contain all the devices required.
3. It must be small enough to fit into its intended space.
4. It must be cost effective.
5. It must be reasonably easy to assemble (compared to other choices).
6. It must have good fit and finish, e.g., no razor-sharp edges.
7. It must allow enough airflow through the system to adequately cool all the internal
components, especially critical parts like the processor.
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The first six factors are relatively self-evident, the seventh one can be elusive. Here are
some basic guidelines to aid in finding an enclosure with adequate cooling capability:
• Standard horizontal cases are not recommended—use vertical cases only.
• With the vertical case, a power supply with ATX-style bottom air intake vents maintains
a better thermal environment than a power supply with only a front air intake vent.
• Cases with an added fan in the back cool better than cases without an added fan.
• The rear fans must all pull air in the same direction; otherwise one fan pulls warm air
out of the enclosure while the other fan pulls the preheated air back into the enclosure.
• Front intake fans have not proven to be a significant benefit for vertical cases.
• Fans 80mm or larger work best.
• There must be clear space in front of the system case to allow cooling air to flow in, and
space behind the case for the heated air to flow out.
• Cables inside the enclosure can cause airflow disruptions. Cable-tie and route the cables
out of the path of the cooling airflow.
Figures 1 and 2 on page 2 show the airflow patterns in a vertical case with either a
front-inlet power supply or a bottom-inlet power supply. Testing by the AMD engineers has
found the bottom-inlet power supply to be desirable. The figures illustrate why this is.
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
Figure 1 illustrates the desirable configuration.
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Testing by the AMD thermal engineers
has shown that the airflow pattern in
Figure 1 is more desirable than the
airflow pattern seen in Figure 2. When
the bottom inlet power supply is used,
nearly all the air flows near or through
the area of the processor. As a result, the
processor remains cooler.
Since the heatsinks are heat radiators,
like the radiator in your automobile, they
need airflow to function properly. The
more airflow there is, the better they
function.
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A power supply with only a front air
inlet causes some of the airflow to be
diverted directly through the power
supply, never passing near the heatsinks.
With this type of power supply, there is a
greater potential for overheating
problems.
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Therefore, the AMD thermal engineers
do not recommend using power supplies
with only a front air inlet configuration.
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
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Due to the established infrastructure for AMD processor-based systems and power
requirements for the AMD Athlon XP and AMD Duron processors, AMD no longer
tests and recommends power supplies. There is also no official position on the appropriate
size of power supply to use. The size used should be based on the power requirements of all
the system components (see page 5 for details).
When a system is being built, it is important to be aware that not all configurations will
have the same level of power requirements—some will require less than what an assembler
may consider to be a typical power supply, a few may require more. The size used should be
based on the power requirements of the system components. OEMs, system integrators, and
end-users should choose a power supply that adequately satisfies the power requirements of
the planned system configuration. The section titled System Power Consumption on page 5
describes how to compute the power requirements for a specific system configuration.
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AMD Athlon XP and AMD Duron processor-based systems typically utilize the industry
standard ATX/ATX12V power supply specifications. OEMs often use existing
ATX/ATX12V power supplies; but should not be limited to that form-factor. Vendors are
encouraged to use existing off-the-shelf power supplies when they build their systems.
OEMs, system integrators, and end users should determine power supply requirements
based on system configurations and usage. Key items to consider are cost, power
requirements, size, mechanical compatibility, and reliability. The system builder must
ensure that the power supply meets the motherboard OEM’s specifications. Contact the
component OEM for further information.
Some of the design rules that standard ATX/ATX12V power supplies should adhere to are:
• Electrical (power distributions, timing requirements, efficiency, output protection, etc.)
• Mechanical (physical dimensions, airflow)
• Electromagnetic compatibility (EMI)
• Reliability and safety
Always ensure that the power supply meets the motherboard OEM’s specifications. Contact
the motherboard OEM for specific information.
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
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Table 1 lists the target output ratings for the 300 W ATX-12V power supplies that are often
used in AMD Athlon XP and AMD Duron processor-based systems.
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Notes:
1. Maximum continuous total DC output power should not exceed 300 W.
2. Maximum continuous combined load on +3.3 V and +5 V outputs should
not exceed 80 W.
3. Maximum peak total DC output power should not exceed 437 W.
4. Peak power and current must be supported for a minimum of 15 seconds.
5. Maximum current for the 12 V outputs should be 15 A.
6. Peak current for the 12 V outputs should be 18 A.
7. The 5 VSB is only utilized when the system is in S3 (Suspend) mode.
Therefore, do not add this load to the total load of the power supply.
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26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
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For reliable operation, the output of the power supply must be greater than the maximum
total combined wattage usage for the system configuration. In a standard single-user
desktop/tower system, it should be apparent that the maximum wattage usage will be less
than the combined total of all the components in the system. The maximum wattage is less
because it is almost impossible to concurrently use the maximum power of all the
components. Therefore, a power usage factor should be used.
AMD suggests calculating the power supply minimum output capacity as the power
required by the processor plus 80 percent of the total wattage for all the other components in
a desktop/tower systems. This 80 percent value is not a hard and fast value. The system
builder’s in-house testing may change the power-usage factor.
In addition to the overall wattage requirements, the builder must verify that the maximum
voltage for the +5 V and +3.3 V power requirements for the system are less than the wattage
limitation on the power supply for the +5 V and +3.3 V outputs.
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The first step is to calculate the power requirements of the processor. For this, you need the
power levels at all voltages. Use Table 2 for this purpose.
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Notes:
1. The 5 VSB is only used when the processor is in S3 (Suspend) mode. It is never
used while system is being operated.
2. To calculate the processor current at 12V VRM source:
(Processor Core Voltage × Processor Core Current)
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=
× (1.25)
,
12
Where
12 = VRM source voltage and 1.25 is the reciprocal of the 80% voltage regulator efficiency
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
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Use Table 2 on page 5 for the processor power consumption, then enter the values for all of
the components into the worksheet in Table 3. Refer to your vendor’s documents for power
requirements of all added boards and peripherals. List the peak current for each item in the
appropriate voltage level column. Then, add the power usage in each column.
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* The 5 VSB is only used when the processor is in S3 (Suspend) mode. Therefore, it is not included in the power total.
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1. Enter the total current requirements for all the component in the appropriate column.
2. Multiply the voltage by the total current to get the total wattage for each voltage level.
3. Compute the wattage for component power usage, multiply by .8 (to calculate 80% of
the wattage for the devices) and add the wattage requirements of the processor. Always
verify that your power supply is adequate both overall and for the 3.3V and 5V circuits.
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* The 5 VSB is only used when the processor is in S3 (Suspend) mode. Therefore, it is not included in the power total.
Note: In addition to not exceeding the total power (wattage) of the power supply, always
verify that the total system requirements of 3.3 V and 5 V power does not exceed the
combined 3.3 V and 5 V capacity of your power supply.
The total of all the components except the processor is 100 watts. Using the formula:
processor power plus 80% of the total of the other components = the power supply size,
this system needs a power supply of at least 162.47 W. Depending on the specific
components used, another similar configuration may use more (or less) power.
Always compute the precise total for the specific configuration planned.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
7
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
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* The 5 VSB is only used when the processor is in S3 (Suspend) mode. Therefore, it is not included in the power total.
Note: In addition to not exceeding the power supply’s total power (wattage), always verify
that the total system requirements of 3.3 V and 5 V power does not exceed the
combined 3.3 V and 5 V capacity of your power supply.
The total of all the components except the CPU is nearly 190 watts. Using the formula:
CPU power + 80% of the total of the other components = the minimum power supply size,
this system needs a power supply of at least 241.91 watts. Depending on the specific
components used, another similar configuration may use more (or less) power, a significant
difference in power needs may exist with seemingly minor variations of the configuration.
Always compute the precise total for the specific configuration planned.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
8
26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
+HDWVLQNꢀDQGꢀ)DQꢀ6HWXSꢀ6HFWLRQ
Ensure that both the recommended heatsink and thermal interface are properly installed
prior to powering up the motherboard. See How to Install the Heatsink on pages 10–13 for
details.
6SHFLDOꢀ*XLGHOLQHV
Pay special attention to the following guidelines while installing the processor:
Caution: The processor may be destroyed if all these guidelines are not followed.
• Never operate the processor without having an approved heatsink fully and properly
attached with the appropriate thermal interface. In order to function, the heatsink must
be attached to the socket with the supplied clip.
• Make sure the heatsink used has been tested for the speed rating of the processor used.
• Never run a processor at megahertz speeds greater than the rated megahertz speed.
• Always use an appropriate amount of an AMD-recommended thermal phase-change
compound (see Table 6).
Note: For production builds, thermal grease is never an appropriate solution.
Thermal grease can be used for short-term testing and validation. When used
for a longer period, thermal grease has a tendency to be pumped out from the
gap between the processor and the heatsink due to the differing thermal
expansion and contraction rates of the aluminum heatsink and the processor.
• Never power up the board with the processor heatsink fans unplugged.
• Plug the fans into the fan header connector on the motherboard or power supply as
specified by the motherboard manual.
• If the heatsink needs to be removed from the processor, the old phase-change material
must be completely removed from the heatsink and processor. Then, new material listed
in Table 6 must be installed.
Note: Only use a soft plastic scraper to gently remove the old phase-change material
from the heatsink and/or the processor.
• Click on the AMD Athlon XP processor link at ꢂhqꢂp for details and listings of
available heatsinks.
Table 6 lists the approved thermal interface material. Always check the technical section of
the AMD website for any updates to this information.
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9
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
+RZꢀWRꢀ,QVWDOOꢀWKHꢀ+HDWVLQN
%HIRUHꢀLQVWDOOLQJꢀWKHꢀKHDWVLQNꢍꢀEHꢀDZDUHꢀRIꢀWKHVHꢀYHU\ꢀLPSRUWDQWꢀSRLQWVꢋ
• Never try to run the processor without a heatsink installed.
• Always make sure there is excellent heatsink-to-processor contact.
• When the system is first running, make sure the fan blades are turning.
• Make certain that nothing is blocking the airflow.
3ODFHꢀWKHꢀSURFHVVRUꢀLQWRꢀWKHꢀVRFNHW
• To insert the processor, the socket locking arm (see Photo 1)
must be raised. To do this, pull it out slightly, then lift up.
• Verify that all four rubber pads are on the processor (see
5DLVHG
arrows in Photo 2). Contact your supplier if they are not present.
• Gently place the processor into the socket; no force is needed
if everything is positioned correctly.
• The cut corner (ceramic PGA) or the corner with the triangle
(organic PGA) must be located near the locking arm pivot
(see circled area in Photo 2).
ꢀꢀ/RZHUHG
• Once the processor is properly placed in the socket, lower the
arm and latch it (as shown in Photo 2).
• Do not apply any power (voltage) to the system until the
heatsink is fully installed.
Caution: If voltage is applied before the heatsink is fully and
properly installed, the processor will overheat and
processor failure will result!
5HPRYHꢀWKHꢀSODVWLFꢀFRYHUꢀRUꢀSODVWLFꢀWDSHꢀIURPꢀWKHꢀERWWRPꢀRIꢀWKHꢀKHDWVLQNꢀ
• A portion of the bottom of the heatsink is covered with a
rectangle of phase-change thermal interface material. This
material is protected by either a plastic cover (like a lid)
over the complete bottom of the heatsink or by a length of
plastic tape covering the thermal interface material area. Do
not uncover the bottom of the heatsink until you are ready
to install it. The thermal interface material must be kept
clean to function properly. If the interface material is
damaged before the installation is completed, the old
interface material must be removed and new interface
material installed. (Go to the technical area ofꢀ
ꢂhqꢂp for details and a list of approved products.)
• If the plastic cover (lid) is present, just pull to remove it
(Photo 3).
• If your heatsink has the plastic tape tab, pull quickly at a
right angle to the surface of the heatsink to remove only the
thin plastic tape and not the soft thermal interface material
(Photo 4).
Caution: Failure to remove the plastic tape film will cause
overheating and processor failure.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
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26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
3ODFHꢀWKHꢀKHDWVLQNꢀRQꢀWKHꢀSURFHVVRUꢍꢀEXWꢀ
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SURFHVVRUꢀꢀVHHꢁ3KRWRꢁꢂꢃ
Notice that the clip is not symmetrical (top arrow).
Caution: Verify that the clip pressure point is
directly over the die (circled).
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VLWWLQJꢀRQO\ꢀRQꢀWKHꢀUXEEHUꢀSDGVꢀꢀ3KRWRꢁꢄꢃ
Once the clip is attached, the heatsink is pushed down
onto the processor die.
Note: Your heatsink may vary in appearance from the
heatsink illustrated.
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SURFHVVRUꢀVRFNHWꢀꢀVHHꢁDUURZꢁLQꢁ3KRWRꢁꢅꢃ
If the heatsink does rest on the socket, the processor will
overheat and failure will result.
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If you do, the die can crack and processor failure will
result.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
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Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
,QVWDOOLQJꢀWKHꢀ5HWHQWLRQꢀ&OLS
6WHSꢀꢁꢀꢀ3KRWRꢁꢇꢃ
• Make sure the clip is aligned with the plastic socket lug
(circled in Photo 9).
• Use the appropriate tool to push straight down on the
heatsink clip.
• Do not apply any pressure to the heatsink itself.
6WHSꢀꢂꢀꢀ3KRWRꢁꢈꢉꢃ
• Push down and slightly away from the socket so the clip
moves past the plastic socket lug.
6WHSꢀꢃꢀꢀ3KRWRꢁꢈꢈꢃ
• Push down and slightly inward to secure the clip onto the
plastic socket lug.
Notes:
1. It is critical that the retention clip is properly aligned
with the plastic socket lug (as circled in 3KRWRꢁꢈꢊ).
2. After the heatsink is attached, verify the retention clip is
fully seated on the plastic socket lug.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
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26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
,QVWDOOꢀWKHꢀSRZHUꢀFDEOHꢀIRUꢀWKHꢀKHDWVLQNꢀIDQ
Connect the cable to the appropriate power connector,
either to a dedicated socket on the motherboard or to the
power connector on the power supply. Check the
motherboard manual for the proper installation method
(see Photo 13.)
&KHFNꢀWKHꢀLQVWDOODWLRQꢀFRPSOHWHO\ꢀEHIRUHꢀVWDUWLQJꢀWKHꢀV\VWHPꢋ
1. Make certain that the plastic tape at the bottom of the heatsink has been removed. Also, ensure
that the soft thermal interface material has not been removed.
2.Verify that the heatsink is resting squarely on the processor and touching only the processor (the
heatsink should never be resting or touching any part of the socket).
3. Check that the long end of the retention clip is attached to the side of the socket with the ledge
and that it is securely attached.
4.Double-check that the retention clip is firmly attached to the center lugs on both ends of the socket.
5.Confirm that the heatsink/fan power lead is attached to the proper connector on the motherboard
or on the power supply (check the motherboard manual to verify the proper method).
6.When the system is first powered on, verify that the processor heatsink/fan is turning at a rapid
rate. If the fan is not turning at a rapid rate, then it is either defective or it is binding.
Note: If a heatsink is removed for any reason, the old thermal interface material must be completely
removed. If removed, new AMD-recommended phase-change thermal interface material must
be installed on the heatsink. To remove the old material, a soft scraper must be used.
Otherwise, the die may be damaged and processor failure will result. Go to ꢂhqꢂp if
more details are required.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
13
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
0HPRU\ꢀ*XLGHOLQHV
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AMD has selected an independent testing company, Computer Memory Test Labs (CMTL),
to do the compatibility testing for DDR memory. CMTL is an independent test facility and
is able to test RAM modules from different module suppliers. System builders should
access the CMTL web site at ꢂpyhiꢂpꢀand view the approved memory module list
for the specific motherboard manufacturer and motherboard model. System builders should
also verify compatibility of the DDR memory with the memory vendor and/or the
motherboard manufacturer.
6'5$0ꢀ0HPRU\
If the motherboard supports SDRAM memory, the builder must verify with the memory
vendor and/or the motherboard manufacturer the compatibility of the intended RAM
modules and the specific motherboard.
7\SHꢀDQGꢀ1XPEHUꢀRIꢀ0HPRU\ꢀ0RGXOHVꢀ6XSSRUWHG
The system builder should always verify the type and number of DIMM modules that the
motherboard will utilize. Besides considering DDR or SDRAM, be aware that some
motherboards can only have a maximum of two memory modules installed if unregistered
DIMMs are used. If three (or more) memory modules are required, some systems will
require that all DIMMs are registered DIMMs.
0D[LPXPꢀ0HPRU\ꢀ8WLOL]HG
The AMD Athlon XP and AMD Duron processors are designed to utilize 4 GB of RAM
memory. Many of the system chipsets support this feature. However, not all of the installed
memory will be accessible for use by the system OS and the application software.
Note: With 4 Gbytes of RAM installed, a portion is devoted to system resources. Therefore,
less than 4 Gbytes of memory will be available for the operating system and
application software.
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Always check the motherboard product manual to verify if there is a specific order for the
installation of the memory modules. In some systems, DIMM modules must be populated in
order, starting with the DIMM1 slot and ending with the DIMM4 slot. DIMM slots 2, 3, or
4 cannot be populated alone. (If the slots are not marked, DIMM1 is the slot closest to the
chipset.)
Also, the memory bandwidth on some systems increases as the number of DIMM modules
increase. Check with the motherboard vendor or the chipset vendor to verify this.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
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26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
6WDUWLQJꢀWKHꢀ6\VWHP
3RZHUꢆ8Sꢀ3URFHGXUH
Ensure that all the power connectors are plugged in to the motherboard before powering up
the board. If the board uses a Voltage Regulator Module (VRM), ensure that the installed
processor has its associated VRM installed before starting the system.
Caution: For boards that use a removable VRM, failure to install the proper VRM
before installing the processor and turning on the main power supply can lead
to immediate processor failure. If the board has a power regulator built into
the motherboard, no special precautions are necessary.
'ULYHUVꢀDQGꢀ8WLOLWLHV
Check your local NDA website or the AMD Public website at ꢂhqꢂp for the latest
versions of the AMD chipset drivers and utilities. Or, you can contact your local AMD field
representative.
For all the add-on cards (video graphics, SCSI, etc.), contact the website of the device
manufacturer for the latest drivers.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
15
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
(0,ꢀ5HGXFWLRQꢀ7HFKQLTXHV
These Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) reduction techniques can be implemented
with relatively short lead-times at the final system-assembly stage. Proper Electromagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) and motherboard design techniques are assumed. For more
information on these techniques, please refer to the AMD Socket A Motherboard Design
TM
Guide, order# 24363 or AMD Athlon Processor EMC Design Application Note, order#
23828. (These documents are located on the AMD website.)
The effectiveness of all the EMI-reduction techniques varies from system to system. This
document helps identify and close the common EMI energy path(s) that allow radiated
emissions to escape from the chassis enclosure.
(0,ꢀ(PLVVLRQV
EMI emissions from a computer system must be controlled and kept below regulatory
limits. Radiated EMI emissions are measured with an antenna, typically ten meters away
from the computer system under test. There are different EMI standards for systems
marketed in the United States and Europe, and all standards are continually updated.
Typically, computers must meet FCC Class “B” requirements to be sold in the United
States and meet CE Class “B” EMI requirements to be sold in Europe.
&RPPRQꢀ6\VWHPꢀ(0,ꢀ(QHUJ\ꢀ3DWKVꢀDQGꢀ6ROXWLRQV
This is a list of common paths for EMI. Each path is followed by a potential solution(s).
This list is presented in the best order of evaluation and in relative simplicity to solution
implementation.
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The large loop to the power connector is a potential problem. Shorten this length as much
as possible by routing the cable in a serpentine manner and tying it with a plastic twist-tie.
This solution can reduce emissions by 5 dB. Also, shortening the cable path by routing the
fan power cable through the heat sink fins (to allow more direct routing) can decrease
EMI emissions.
ꢌꢊꢀꢀ,QWHUQDOꢀ3RZHUꢀ&DEOHꢀ5RXWLQJ
The internal power cable can pick up EMI inside the system and can radiate it through the
AC power cord. To avoid this, route the internal power cable next to the metal chassis
away from the I/O connectors and as far away from the processor heatsink as possible.
ꢃꢊꢀꢀ2WKHUꢀ,QWHUQDOꢀ&DEOHꢀ5RXWLQJ
Cables inside the system should be routed along the metal chassis and away from EMI
sources, such as the microprocessor, clock modules, and high-speed VLSI modules.
Power cables for drives should be bundled near the power supply, separate from the ATX
power cable, and away from the processor heatsink. Always route the front LED cables
away from EMI sources, flat to the chassis, and away from the fan openings. Front USB
cables must use a shielded internal cable that is grounded to the chassis at the I/O connec-
tor. Generally, route all cables cleanly and keep them away from the memory modules. If
there are failing signals at 100-, 300-, 500-, or 700-MHz (100/200MHz memory), or 400,
666, or 933 MHz (133/266 MHz memory), the most likely cause is the DIMMs.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
16
26003A — May 2002
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
ꢅꢊꢀꢀ5HDUꢀ,ꢁ2ꢀ&RQQHFWRUꢀ6KLHOG
The rear plate that touches the rear I/O ports should be made of a metal that has good
spring quality, such as stainless steel or spring-hardened steel. Typically, the most vulner-
able rear I/O cables are the audio and joystick cables. If EMI emissions drop when these
cables are disconnected, then improve the shield-to-chassis grounding for these cables.
ꢇꢊꢀꢀ0RWKHUERDUGꢆWRꢆ&KDVVLVꢀ*URXQGꢀ7RRꢀ&ORVHꢀWRꢀWKHꢀ3URFHVVRU
Most motherboards have a screw connection between the motherboard ground and the
chassis, usually within 20 mm to 40 mm of the processor. EMI tests have shown that in
some cases insulating, these motherboard ground-points from the chassis ground can
reduce EMI emissions. This solution works because some chassis designs offer lower
impedance at high frequency than the material (FR4) that the motherboard is made from.
ꢈꢊꢀꢀ3URFHVVRUꢀ+HDWVLQNꢀ)LQꢀ2ULHQWDWLRQ
The fins on the heatsink may create a waveguide that directs the EMI energy toward the
fin ends. If the processor heatsink is suspected of causing EMI problems, replacing it with
a heatsink with fins running the opposite direction may reduce EMI levels for that system.
ꢐꢊꢀꢀ3URFHVVRUꢀ+HDWVLQNꢀ*URXQGLQJ
In some systems, a ground strap connection to the heatsink can reduce EMI emissions by
4 dB or more. Typically it is better to ground the heat sink to the power supply or to a
chassis location close to the power supply.
ꢉꢊꢀꢀ6SUHDGꢆ6SHFWUXPꢀ&ORFNLQJ
Spread-Spectrum (SS) clocking means the clock signal is intentionally varied to spread
the timing clock energy over a small frequency range. Go to the BIOS and make sure this
is enabled. Always modulate the spread downward so that the processor never runs above
its rated speed.
ꢄꢊꢀꢀ&KDVVLVꢀ6KLHOGLQJ
Verify that the chassis is sealed tightly at all seams; even a paper-thin gap is a problem.
Remember that it is the length, not the width, of a gap or seam in the chassis that compro-
mises EMI shielding. Empty front drive-bays should have multi-contact EMI shielding
covers. Sometimes it is still necessary to add finger-stock material to reduce the length of
the gaps between the drive and the chassis when the drive bays are populated. Rivets used
on the chassis or power-supply case can also be a problem if they are more than five cen-
timeters apart. Too much space between rivets forms a slot antenna. If this condition is
suspected, try another brand of power supply with different construction details.
3UREOHPꢀ1RWꢀ6ROYHG
If excessive system level EMI emissions still exist after attempting all of the listed system
EMI reduction techniques, then try to determine if the EMI emissions emanate from the sys-
tem I/O cables (including the AC power cord) or from aperture leaks in the system chassis.
If emissions emanate from a particular I/O cable, then improved filtering or cable shielding
may be required on that cable. If EMI emissions emanate from slots or seams in the chassis
enclosure, place copper tape across apertures to improve shielding effectiveness. If copper
tape reduces emission levels to a satisfactory level, then chassis sheet metal changes or con-
ductive EMI gasketing may be needed at that location.
ꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀꢀ
17
Builders Guide for Desktop/Tower Systems
26003A — May 2002
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1. Ensure the selected motherboard is appropriate for the chosen processor model and frequency. Check
the AMD Athlon™ XP or AMD Duron™ processor Recommended Motherboards list at ꢂhqꢂp
2. Verify that your case follows the system case (chassis) airflow guidelines on the AMD website.
3. Check that the capacity of the power supply is adequate. The individual voltage capacities must be
sufficient for the system power draw. Always calculate the required power supply capacity (see page 5
of this document) or attempt to verify compatibility from the power supply manufacturer. An
inadequate power supply will cause a system to be unreliable.
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Note: Your case design may require the power supply to be installed before any of the other components.
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4. Wear a grounding strap, and ensure that you are properly grounded at all times during the system
construction, to protect the delicate electronic components from static electricity damage.
5. Install the selected hard drive(s), floppy, DVD or CD-ROM player, and other devices into the chassis.
Note: Check the hard drive installation guide. For full performance, you MUST also install the appropri-
ate data cable as listed in the hard drive manufacturer’s drive installation instructions.
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6. Remove the motherboard from its protective packaging and place it on a firm (but not hard) surface. A
grounded anti-static pad is the ideal surface.
7. Remove the processor from its protective packaging (make sure you are electrically grounded), install
the processor into the motherboard socket, then install only an AMD-recommended heatsink and fan
assembly. Use the provided phase-change thermal material, never use thermal grease. For specific
information, follow the instructions found in the Processor Installation Guide on the AMD website.
8. Install the standoffs needed to support the motherboard in the case/chassis, especially where the cards
will be placed. Install the assembled motherboard with processor and heatsink into the cases.
9. Check the motherboard for any jumper settings. (Most motherboards do not require jumpers.)
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❑ 10. Ensure the selected memory is shown on the motherboard maker’s recommended memory list (a
minimum of 128 Mbytes is recommended). If the motherboard manufacturer does not have a
verified/recommended memory listing, check to see that the memory supplier has tested your chosen
motherboard and deemed it to be compatible with the RAM memory modules you plan to use.
❑ 11. Install the recommended memory into the motherboard. On some motherboards, a specific sequence is
used to install the memory modules. Always install the RAM in the sequence required. Verify that
each memory DIMM is inserted all the way into the socket and locked in place.
❑ 12. If there is an AGP slot, install your high-performance AGP video/graphics card. Have the latest
drivers available (see the website of the card maker). You will need the drivers shortly.
❑ 13. Connect the power cables to the drives and motherboard.
❑ 14. Connect the hard drive, floppy, and DVD (CD-ROM) data cables in the normal manner. Verify that the
cables are installed securely and the colored edge is by Pin 1 on both the drives and the motherboard.
❑ 15. Connect the monitor data cable, keyboard cable, and mouse cable to the rear of the system.
❑ 16. Install the AC line power cord on the power supply and connect it to the power outlet.
❑ 17. Go to the websites of the motherboard vendor or the chipset maker. Check the vendor's web site for
the latest version of the BIOS, AGP miniport driver, and bus mastering IDE driver. (AMD has drivers
available for its chipsets. See ꢂhqꢂp.)
❑ 18. Check the peripheral manufacturer's web site for the latest drivers for the sound card, network
interface card, the video graphics card, and any other added devices.
❑ 19. Power the system on and begin loading just the minimum software, the OS, and any required drivers.
❑ 20. Make sure the system starts and runs reliably with just the graphics card installed. Restart and run the
system multiple times. Try to find potential problems early since there are fewer components to check.
❑ 21. If other cards are to be installed, install them now—one at a time. Turn off the system and unplug it
before installing each card. Restart the system after every card installation.
Note: If you have difficulties with the installation of any of the cards or drivers, read the AMD technical
document entitled Complex Configurations and IRQ Info, available on the AMD website.
❑ 22. As you install each card, verify the card is properly installed (connector is fully inserted into the slot,
check the front and back) and that the retention screws are in place.
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