EV9900_技术文档

EV9900

Evaluation Kit

User Manual

CMLMicrocircuits

COMMUNICATION SEMICONDUCTORS

UM9900/1 September 2005

Advance Information

Test Access for Important Signals

Parallel Interface to a µC

Features

•

Complete 800 / 900 MHz Transceiver (Initial

Configuration for 819 - 825MHz Tx / 864 -

870MHz Rx)

•

Configurable for 400 MHz (e.g. 425 –

463MHz Transceiver)

1

Brief Description

The EV9900 allows evaluation of the CMX990 Baseband and RF Modem IC. The design is a flexible

platform to allow users to configure and evaluate the CMX990 for various applications and frequency

bands. Initial configuration is for 864-870MHz receive and 819-825MHz transmit. Various RF circuits,

such as a VCO, PA and LNA, are provided on the EV9900 to facilitate easy evaluation.

Evaluation Kit for CMX990

EV9900

CONTENTS

Section

Page

1

Brief Description.....................................................................................1

Preliminary Information..........................................................................4

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

Laboratory Equipment...............................................................4

Handling Precautions................................................................4

Approvals....................................................................................4

3.

Quick Start...............................................................................................5

3.1

3.2

3.3

Setting-Up...................................................................................5

Adjustments ...............................................................................5

Operation ....................................................................................6

4.

5.

6.

Signal Lists..............................................................................................8

Circuit Schematics and Board Layouts..............................................13

Detailed Description .............................................................................15

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.7

Hardware Description..............................................................15

Adjustments and Controls......................................................17

Firmware Description..............................................................20

Software Description...............................................................20

Application Information...........................................................21

Evaluation Tests ......................................................................21

Troubleshooting.......................................................................23

7.

Performance Specification...................................................................25

7.1 Electrical Performance............................................................25

It is always recommended that you check for the latest product datasheet version from the

Datasheets page of the CML website: [www.cmlmicro.com].

Note: This product is in development: Changes and additions will be made to this

specification. Items marked TBD or left blank will be included in later issues.

Information in this datasheet should not be relied upon for final product design.

The CMX990 device which is fitted on this Evaluation Kit is not a full production

device and customers should ensure that they are aware of the limitations to the

CMX990 performance by obtaining a copy of the bug list from the CML website.

This kit has been released with existing silicon in order to facilitate the early

evaluation of the CMX990. The limitations of this device will be corrected in a

later silicon revision.

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Figure 1 – Block Diagram

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2.

Preliminary Information

The EV9900 provides a platform for the evaluation of the CMX990. To use the EV9900, a

separate micro-controller or PC, for example, is required to program the CMX990 via its parallel

interface. This controlling device is not included on the EV9900 but two CML products are

available to provide the controlling functionality: the DE9901 or the EV9902.

2.1

Laboratory Equipment

The following laboratory equipment is needed to use this evaluation kit:

•

Dual Power Supply

Spectrum Analyzer

RF Attenuator

RF Signal Generator

For more detailed design or investigation work the customer may require other RF test

equipment.

2.1.1 Power Supply

The supply input voltage to the PCB, for all circuits except the PA, is 7.2V (5.25V to 8V

acceptable). On board regulators are provided to generate all voltage rails used on the PCB (3V

and 5V rails are used).

The supply to the PA is directly connected to the PA: a voltage of 3.5V is recommended.

The 7.2V supply should be rated at 1A and the 3.5V supply rated at 2A.

NOTE: Care should be exercised with the supplies as they are not protected for reverse

polarity. For optimum RF performance, the PA supply is connected directly to the RF2173

device so care is required to ensure the RF2173 manufacturer's ratings are not exceeded.

2.2

Handling Precautions

Like most evaluation kits, this product is designed for use in office and laboratory environments.

The following practices will help ensure its proper operation.

2.2.1 Static Protection

This product uses low power CMOS circuits that can be damaged by electrostatic discharge.

Partially damaged circuits can function erroneously, leading to misleading results. Observe ESD

precautions at all times when handling this product.

2.2.2 Contents - Unpacking

Please ensure that you have received all of the items on the separate information sheet (EK9900)

and notify CML within 7 working days if the delivery is incomplete.

2.3

Approvals

This product is not approved to any EMC or other regulatory standard. Users are advised

to observe local statutory requirements, which may apply to this product and the radio

frequency signals that may emanate from it.

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3.

Quick Start

This section provides instructions for users who wish to experiment immediately with the

evaluation kit. A more complete description of the kit and its use appears later in this document.

The EV9900 includes a CMX990 device that is described in its own, separate, datasheet.

Accordingly, the user should read the CMX990 datasheet before using the EV9900.

3.1

Setting-Up

The following procedure is recommended:

1. Connect test leads as required, including the host µController to parallel interface J13.

2. The power amplifier output should be connected to a suitable 50Ω load.

THE USE OF AN EXTERNAL 50Ω LOAD IS ESSENTIAL TO PREVENT POSSIBLE

DAMAGE TO THE PA STAGE.

3. Power should be applied to the main supply (7.2V nominal).

4. The CMX990 device should be reset by issuing a RESET task to the host µController parallel

interface (using the TASK bits (b3 - b0) of the Command register [address $01]).

5. Power should be applied to the power amplifier supply connector (3.5V).

The board is now ready for operation. An example of typical connections to the EV9900 is shown

in Figure 2.

30dB RF

Attenuator

RF Spectrum

Analyzer

+7.2V

Power Amplifier +3.5V

Ground

J1

J10

J9

J8

J18

J12

J6 J7

J13

J11

CMX

990

J16

J2

J5

J4

RF Signal

Generator

Figure 2 – Typical Connections for EV9900

3.2

Adjustments

None.

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3.3

Operation

The CMX990 is a complex RF and Baseband Modem IC. It is recommended that the user

familiarise themselves with the datasheet of this device prior to attempting to use the EV9900.

To use the EV9900 the user will need a mechanism to send and receive data and commands via

the 8bit parallel host µController interface on the CMX990, which is brought out on connector J13

on the EV9900. The CMX990 datasheet gives details of the registers and commands. To

operate the CMX990, some typical command sequences are given below:

Receive Mode

The following example C code shows a typical configuration for reception.

register_write(POWER_UP_2, 0x08); //Reset

register_write(POWER_UP_2, 0x01); //Vbias on

register_write(POWER_UP_1, 0xEE); //Clock+BB+Vreg,+Rx:on & Opamps+Tx:off

register_write(POWER_UP_2, 0xF1); //DACs on

register_write(AUX_DAC_1_MSB,169); //AFC to mid rail (1.65V)

//Set up synths:

set_main_synth(0x8600,0x011C10);

set_aux_synth(0x80C0,0x0708);

register_write(CONTROL, 0xE9);

register_write(MODE, 0xD2);

//1818HMz, high side, Rx Freq=864MHz

//(assuming ref 19.2MHz & comp 12.5kHz)

//180HMz

//(assuming ref 19.2MHz & comp100kHz)

//AGC max gain & run, IQ offset fine,

//AFC Slow, PLL Narrow

//IRQ enabled, scrambler enabled,

//INV bit enabled, Main ADC enabled, Rx mode

register_write(POWER_UP_2,0xF5);

register_write(COMMAND, 0x60);

//Turn LNA on.

//Acquire DC offset & AFC

//DelayBy(90000);

//Wait for Offset to complete

Following the above routines the user may initiate reception of data using the modem task

commands in Command register ($01).

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Transmit Mode

The following example ‘C’ code shows a configuration for the CMX990 transmitter.

register_write(POWER_UP_2, 0x08); //Reset

register_write(POWER_UP_2, 0x01); //Vbias on

register_write(POWER_UP_1, 0xE0); //Clock, BB, Vreg:on & Opamps+Tx+Rx:off

register_write(COMMAND, RESET);

//give modem reset command

register_write(CONTROL, 0x00);

register_write(MODE, 0xB1);

//

//IRQ, Tx Mode, Scrambler & Main DAC enabled

The user should also ensure that the synthesisers are set to appropriate frequencies and

enabled. The transmitter is now ready to start transmission but the offset loop is unlikely to lock

without modulation being generated. To achieve lock, write task TSO (Transmit Scrambler

Output), which will result in a continuous sequence of random data being generated by the

baseband modem. The transmitter is enabled by setting the TxIFRF bit in POWER_UP_1

register.

register_write(COMMAND, TSO);

//Transmit Scrambler Output

register_write(POWER_UP_1,0xE1);

//Clock, BB, Vreg, Opamps off , Tx RFIF on

The above sequence just enables the transmitter. The power amplifier can now be enabled using

the DAC0 Output. This DAC has an automatic ramping circuit to allow an accurate power

ramping profile to be applied to the power amplifier.

register_write(AUX_DAC_0_MSB,0x39);

//Turn PA on at minimum power to all

lock

For some operating frequencies the free-running frequency of the Tx VCO needs to be within

certain limits of the desired Tx frequency (as described in the datasheet). On the EV9900 this can

be achieved using the pre-charge facility as follows:

Register_write(0x24,0x11);

Delay(1000);

Register_write(0x24,0x01);

//Enable Tx VCO Charge

//Wait while VCO tunes

//Disable Tx VCO Charge

The power amplifier may now be either ramped up or, for basic testing, enabled to the required

power. An output power of >1W is generally achieved with a DAC0 value of 0x50.

register_write(AUX_DAC_0_MSB,0x50);

//PA output approx 1W

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4.

Signal Lists

CONNECTOR PINOUT

Connector

Pin No.

Signal

Name

Signal

Type

Description

Ref.

J1

N/A

REFIN

RF / Clock Clock input / output. By selecting coupling

capacitors (C3 / C4) this port may be used to

monitor the on-board 19.2MHz reference or the

external reference input.

J2

J3

N/A

RXIN1

RXIN2

RF

Input to receiver LNA.

By selecting components this port may be used

as an LNA output or input to the receiver mixer.

Coupling capacitor C168 can be fitted to use the

off-chip 1^stmixer (U15). In this mode T3 should

be removed.

NB: This port is a test port designed to allow

connection of a coax cable.

J4

J5

N/A

IFOUT

IF IN

RF

1^stMixer Output or input to IF filter (F2).

Output of IF filter (F2) or input to CMX990

receiver IF stages.

J6

J7

N/A

TXI

TXQ

BASEBAND EV9900 is not configured to use this port.

J8

TX VCO O/P

TXOUT

RF

Monitor point for Tx VCO feedback signal.

900MHz transmitter output.

J9

J10

J11

MAIN LO

AUX LO

Input or output / monitor for main local oscillator.

Input or output / monitor for auxiliary (180MHz)

local oscillator (normally not connected).

J12

J13

A (1)

+7.2V

+3.5V

DC

7.2V power supply input.

B, C (2, 3)

D, E (4, 5)

1 – 40

3.5V power supply for RF power amplifier.

Power supply ground.

GND

DC

HOST

LOGIC

8 bit parallel interface from CMX990 to host /

controller or PC. See schematics and CMX990

datasheet for details.

INTERFACE

J14

J15

J16

1 – 8

TX/RX/I/Q

DAC3

BASEBAND EV9900 is not configured to use this port.

BASEBAND EV9900 is not configured to use these pins.

BASEBAND DAC3 output.

1,3,5,7

2

4

DAC2

BASEBAND DAC2 output.

6

ADC5

BASEBAND ADC5 input.

8

ADC4

BASEBAND ADC4 input.

N/A

TXOUT

RF

400MHz Transmitter Output (not used in default

EV9900 configuration).

J17

J18

N/A

RF

EV9900 is not configured to use this connector.

TXOUT

TX / RX Switch Output (Default configuration of

EV9900 does not use this connector).

Table 1 – Signal List

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CONNECTOR PINOUT for J13

Connector

Pin No.

Signal

Name

Signal

Type

Description

1

2

GNDD

POWER

I/P

Connection to digital ground.

CMX990 Address (A5).

CMX990 Address (A4).

CMX990 Address (A3).

CMX990 Address (A2).

CMX990 Address (A1).

CMX990 Address (A0).

Connection to digital ground.

CMX990 read strobe.

3

ADDRESS5

ADDRESS4

ADDRESS3

ADDRESS2

ADDRESS1

ADDRESS0

GNDD

4

I/P

5

I/P

6

I/P

7

I/P

8

I/P

9

POWER

I/P

10

11

12

13

14

GNDD

READN

WRITE

I/P

CMX990 write strobe.

CSN

I/P

CMX990 chip select input.

IRQN

O/P

CMX990 open-drain Interrupt output.

Needs a pullup resistor (not fitted on pcb).

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

GNDD

DATA7

DATA6

DATA5

DATA4

DATA3

DATA2

DATA1

DATA0

GNDD

TX_ON

POWER

BI

Connection to digital ground.

CMX990 Data (D7).

BI

CMX990 Data (D6).

BI

CMX990 Data (D5).

BI

CMX990 Data (D4).

BI

CMX990 Data (D3).

BI

CMX990 Data (D2).

BI

CMX990 Data (D1).

BI

CMX990 Data (D0).

POWER

I/P

Connection to digital ground.

TX Enable (default configuration does not

use this signal).

28

RX_ON

I/P

RX Enable (default configuration does not

use this signal).

29, 30

31, 32

33, 34

35, 36

37, 38

39, 40

~

Spare pin. Leave unconnected.

Table 2 – Host µController Interface

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TEST LOOPS

Test Loop

Ref.

Default

Measurement

Description

LNAON control line from CMX990

TL1

TL2

TL3

TL4

TL5

TL6

TL7

EV9900 is not configured to use this port

800/900MHz power amplifier control voltage

Control port chip select line (This pin is useful to trigger measurements

on command inputs to the CMX990 registers)

TL8

TL9

DAC 0 (PA Ramping)

DAC 1 (AFC)

TL10

TL11

TL12

TL13

TL14

TL15

TL16

TL17

ADC 0 Input

ADC 1 Input

Test point for differential amplifier 1 inverting input

Test point for differential amplifier 1 output

Test point for differential amplifier 2 output

Test point for differential amplifier 2 inverting input

+2.5V power supply

2.5V

400MHz power amplifier control voltage (not used in default

configuration)

Table 3 – Test Loops

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TEST POINTS

Test Point

Ref.

Default

Measurement

Description

TP1

TP2

EV9900 is not configured to use this signal

Transmitter PLL VCO control line

EV9900 is not configured to use this signal

Main PLL VCO control line

TP3

TP4

TP5

TP6

TP7

TP8

TP9

TP10

TP11

TP12

TP13

TP14

TP15

TP16

TP17

TP18

TP19

TP20

TP21

TP22

TP23

TP24

TP25

TP26

Auxiliary PLL VCO control line

2.5V

5.0V

0V

2.5V regulator output

5.0V regulator output for digital baseband

Analogue ground

0V

Analogue ground

0V

Digital ground

0V

Digital ground

5.0V

3.3V

5.0V regulator output for analogue baseband

3.3V regulator output

3.3V regulator output for VCO

EV9900 is not configured to use this signal

PA output power detector voltage

AFC Temperature sensor voltage

PA Temperature sensor voltage

5.0V regulator output for VCO

5.0V

Table 4 – Test Points

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JUMPERS

Positions

Link

Ref.

Default

Position

Description

J14

J15

Open

EV9900 is not configured to use this port

Table 5 – Jumpers

Notes:

I/P

O/P

BI

TL

TP

=

Input

Output

Bidirectional

Test Loop

Test Point

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5.

Circuit Schematics and Board Layouts

For clarity, circuit schematics are available as separate high-resolution files. The layout on each

side is shown in Figure 3, below:

Figure 3a - PCB Layout: top

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Figure 3b – PCB Layout: bottom

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6.

Detailed Description

The CMX990 datasheet (not included but available at www.cmlmicro.com) should be referred to

for a detailed description of the CMX990 device.

The EV9900 functionality includes:

•

Demonstration of the CMX990 RF functionality at ≈400MHz or ≈800MHz

Implementation of the 1^streceive mixer bypass mode

Demonstration of EN 300 113 receive performance in mixer bypass mode

Interfaces that allow the card to be connected to a host µController, to allow real-time control,

or to a PC (a separate interface may be required)

•

An interface allowing the connection of an external reference clock

In summary, the EV9900 allows the user to create experiments to investigate all aspects of the

CMX990 device. The EV9900 is designed to allow user modification, to support detailed

investigation of each user’s specific and different applications.

6.1

Hardware Description

Front End LNA

The PCB includes a broad band MMIC LNA operating 400MHz to 1GHz, for evaluation at

different operating frequencies. Also provided is an LNA using TR5, which is designed for 440-

453MHz and to meet EN 300 113 requirements. The LNA includes the front end image reject

filtering (L26, L27, C186, C187, C188, C189, C192, C193 and C194). This is not configured in

the default version of the EV9900.

1^stRx Mixer

By fitting or not fitting certain capacitors the user is able to select the CMX990 image reject mixer

or an external mixer (U15) compliant with EN 300 113 requirements. The external mixer is a

diode ring type. U15 is followed by a buffer (TR4). This buffer has a flexible configuration to

allow optimisation by the user if required. The outputs of the mixer sections may be connected to

test equipment or to the IF filter section. (Note: if the user wishes to interface to test equipment

they will need to match the ports to the impedance of the test equipment, typically 50Ω).

IF Filter

The IF filter (F2) is a 45MHz 4-pole crystal filter. The pass-band of the filter fitted to the EV9900

is +/-6kHz, however other filters are available in the same package outline, offering different

bandwidths. Correct matching of the filter is necessary to achieving optimum performance.

Reference Oscillator

A 19.2MHz VCTCXO is provided on the PCB. If C4 is removed and C3 fitted an alternative clock

source can be applied to J1.

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Transmitter

The transmitter provides at least +30dBm in the default configuration (819-825MHz). Two power

amplifier footprints are provided on the PCB, however only the 800MHz (U6) device is fitted to the

EV9900. The other PA (U20) can be fitted for 400MHz operation. The 400MHz PA is tuneable

(by component changes) over the range 380 to 512MHz. The transmit VCO (U18) also has very

broad tuning range typically from below 800MHz to above 900MHz with a 3.3V charge pump.

The CMX990 RAM DAC output (DAC 0) is be connected to the PA control line with a buffer (U7)

which is used to scale the gain and transistor (TR7) to provide sufficient current to the PA control

pin. The buffer is required as the PA control lines can sink several mA of current, which is more

than the CMX990 DAC output can provide.

Local Oscillators

VCO’s are provided for the main and aux synthesizers. The aim is to cover the frequency bands

of 864-870MHz (Rx) and 819-825MHz (Tx).

This requires the following local oscillator frequencies, based on the following frequency plan:

Rx Band / MHz

Tx Band / MHz

Tx IF / MHz

Rx IF / MHz

LO Range / MHz

1818 - 1830

864 – 870

45.0

819-825MHz

90.0

1818 - 1830

Table 6 – Local Oscillator Frequencies

If the mixer bypass mode is to be used the main LO should be operated at the desired local

oscillator frequency, rather than twice the LO frequency (as required by the CMX990 image reject

mixer). The CMX990 has a control register bit to switch into this mode. The VCO for the main

PLL now requires an operating band at around 800MHz.

The VCOs are packaged parts from Z-communications, who provide a range of VCO’s in the

same package outline, so that the user can evaluate other frequency bands if required. These

VCOs have some performance limitations and so fail to meet EN 300 113 adjacent channel

requirements for transmitter and receiver.

The aux VCO is a discrete design operating at 180MHz and covering the range 160-180MHz.

This may be re-tuned by component changes if required by the user.

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Differential Amplifiers

Simple circuits are provided to allow evaluation of the differential amps on the CMX990 (R117,

R118, R119, R120, R121, R122, R123, R124, C156 and C157).

Temperature Sensors

Two temperature sensors are provided, one (U21) adjacent to the PAs and the other (U19)

adjacent to the VCTCXO. These are connected to the CMX990 Aux ADC inputs 0 and 1

respectively.

Tx/Rx Switch

Although not configured in the default EV9900, circuits are provided to implement a Tx / Rx switch

using PIN diodes. (See section 6.2.2)

Interface

The EV9900 provides access to the CMX990 parallel interface via connector J13.

The EV9900 has test pins to allow measurement of aux DAC outputs and test pins that allow the

user to apply test signals to the aux ADC inputs.

All RF connectors are SMA type.

The power connector provides two separate power connections: one for the power amplifier and

the other to supply all other circuits.

6.2

Adjustments and Controls

The user has the ability to configure the EV9900 for a number of different operational scenarios.

6.2.1 Mixer Bypass / 400MHz Operation

The CMX990 contains a mixer intended for the 1^stmixer in a superhetrodyne receiver

architecture. The mixer is an image reject type intended for a 45MHz IF output. The

intermodulation performance of this mixer does not meet some performance standards, such as

EN 300 113, so the user may wish to use an external mixer with the CMX990 if such performance

is desired. The EV9900 has been supplied with a typical mixer bypass circuit, using a diode ring

mixer, which may be used as an alternative to the CMX990 mixer. By default the EV9900 is

configured to use the CMX990 mixer.

To use the external mixer the following changes should be made:

•

C56 and C168 should be fitted with a 1nF capacitor.

Remove C191 unless 400MHz LNA is to be used.

R177 should be fitted with 0R resistor unless 400MHz LNA is to be used.

R151 should be fitted with 18R resistor.

L28 and T3 should be removed.

The user will need to match the IF Filter (F2) to the output of the buffer.

Components C46, L3 and C56 are likely to need optimisation.

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In the mixer bypass mode the 400MHz main VCO should be used (U17).

The following changes should be made:

•

Remove R152, R200, C97.

Fit R164 with 120Ω.

Fit R153 with 0Ω.

Fit R184 with 0Ω.

For 400MHz operation of the transmitter the Tx VCO needs to be changed to a 400MHz part for

example the V560MC03 from Z-Communications.

NOTE: Problems may be encountered with the transmitter in mixer bypass mode and with

the main local oscillator on the EV9900, as no shielding is provided between the power

amplifier and the local oscillator.

To achieve optimum performance from the diode ring mixer (U15) all ports should see a good

50Ω match. The IF port is particularly critical and a matching arrangement is provided into a

buffer amplifier. Using negative feedback in such buffer amplifiers is often beneficial but in this

case can be problematic, as it is essential to ensure that the buffer provides good isolation so as

to prevent the crystal filter impedance from disturbing the match to the mixer. The buffer is

configurable to allow the user to determine the best configuration for particular design

requirements.

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6.2.2 Tx/Rx Switch

The following modifications need to be implemented on the EV9900 (PCB546D) evaluation board

for the RX/TX switch to work at 800/900MHz:

•

D1 = BAR63_02W.

Use a 0R to link out D3’s usual placement. Then D3 should be placed as shown in Figure 4

then is done by removing some PCB solder resist from the long track in the RX path near

J16 (placed in line with leg of J16 as shown below) and also some resist from the nearby

GND plane has to be removed. D3 = BAR63_02W. D3 connections are cathode to GND and

anode to track (signal).

Scratch off resist

from GND and track.

Place cathode end

GND side, indicated

by marking on

Diode placed in line with

leg of TXOUT SMA

device.

Figure 4 – Picture of relevant area for new placement of D3

•

C214, C212 and C94 = 1nF

R194 =150nH (0603CS)

R202 = 2k2

C172 = 470pF

R178 and R201 = NF

The main consequence with this topology is that only one control line is required and the logic is

as follows; TX_ON = 3V (HIGH) => TX mode, TX_ON = 0V (LOW) => RX mode.

6.2.3 External Local Oscillator

To evaluate the performance of the CMX990 it is recommended that a low noise external

oscillator be used for the main LO. This is particularly important when performing blocking and

adjacent channel tests. An external main LO can be supplied via J10. The following changes are

recommended:

•

Remove R78, R164 and R200.

Ensure C98 (1nF) and R149 (18Ω) are fitted.

6.2.4 Intermediate Signal Connections

The EV9900 allows a user to connect signals at various points in the signal path of the IC.

Details can be found on the schematic and in the list of connectors. Users can choose

appropriate matching and configurations to suit their requirements. Note that just connecting test

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equipment to the ports may not give the expected results – correct RF matching arrangements

are required.

6.2.5 400MHz LNA

To use the 400MHz LNA provided on the PCB:

•

Fit C198 ( 1nF).

Fit either R177 (0R) for CMX990 mixer or C168 (1nF) for external mixer.

6.3

6.4

Firmware Description

The EV9900 has no embedded firmware.

Software Description

CML products DE9901 and EV9902 (not included) can be used with the EV9900 and include

related software.

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EV9900

6.5

Application Information

6.5.1 TX Loop Operating Power Levels

The range of input powers to the feedback port (TxFB) of the offset loop is designed to allow

operation over an 80dB range. This is to permit the loop to lock prior to commencing power

ramping however initial CMX990 silicon has a slightly reduced operating range.

6.5.2 90MHz Operation

Operation of the Tx Loop with a 90MHz IF results in a small degradation of adjacent channel

power. The loop can also have problem locking if the free-running VCO frequency is below the

wanted Tx frequency.

Operation with a 45MHz IF is correct.

6.5.3 Transmitter Adjacent Channel Power

The following commands should be written to the CMX990 to improve the Tx Modulation

spectrum.

Address

0x1C

0x1B

0x1E

0x1D

0x1A

0x1C

0x1B

0x1E

0x1D

0x1A

Value

0x00

0x3D

0x20

0x00

0x0C

0x00

0x3E

0x20

0x00

0x0C

6.6

Evaluation Tests

The EV9900 is intended to allow evaluation of CMX990 RF and baseband performance. The

following is a list of typical test from radio modem standards. Some guidance notes on likely

EV9900 performance are provided.

Frequency Error

Compliant, based on a selected 19.2MHz VCTCXO.

Adjacent Channel Power (ACP)

60dB adjacent channel power can be demonstrated for 12.5kHz channels with G(M)FSK, B_t= 0.3

and 8kbit/s. To achieve this an external LO is required and a TxIF of 45MHz selected.

Spurious Emissions

EV9900 is not designed to be compliant with spurious emissions limits as transmitter filtering is

not included.

Transmitter Attack and Release Time, Transient Behaviour of the Transmitter

See section 6.5.

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Maximum Usable Sensitivity

Typically –117dBm for 1% BER

Error rate at High Input Levels

See section 6.5.

Co-channel Rejection

With an interferer on the same frequency this is typically 8-10dB for 12.5kHz channel spacing

operation (8kbit/s). See also section 6.7.1.

Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR)

ACR performance is limited by local oscillator phase-noise. The performance of the EV9900

meets Mobitex MIS requirements but does not meet EN 300 113.

Spurious Response Rejection

A front-end SAW filtering is not provided on the EV9900 so spurious response rejection is not

guaranteed.

Blocking or Desensitisation

Blocking performance is about 80dB. This will be improved in later silicon.

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EV9900

6.7

Troubleshooting

The CMX990 is a complex RF and Baseband system. If incorrectly programmed or modified,

results will be at variance from datasheet performance. Please study the datasheet, this manual

and the associated schematics and layout drawings carefully when troubleshooting.

This section provides some suggestions to help users resolve application issues they might

encounter.

6.7.1 Receiver Operation

Error Observed

Possible Cause

Remedy

No packets are received, ‘INV’ bit incorrectly set.

however synthesisers are locked

Invert current setting of ‘INV’ bit.

and the receiver otherwise

appears

to

be

operating

correctly.

Receiver sensitivity is 30dB less ‘Sign’ bit is incorrectly set. Invert current setting on ‘Sign’

than anticipated.

bit

Degraded receiver performance. Incorrect

correction.

DC

offset Ensure DC offset correction

sequence has been executed.

Degraded receiver sensitivity There is

a

frequency To check if a frequency error

and/or imbalance in adjacent offset between EV9900 exists measure the frequency of

channel power in the transmitter reference oscillator and the main local oscillator either

(i.e. ACP high is much better the test equipment.

than ACP low or vice versa)

using the measuring equipment

in question or compare results

(Note: EV9900 requires from EV9900 with those from

an approximate AFC the measurement equipment.

value to be programmed

into the DAC1. A value of To overcome a frequency error

0x95 in register 0x0B is a either:

good starting point.)

a) Use a external reference for

the EV9900

b) Tune to control voltage on

the AFC output (DAC1).

Poor

channels

sensitivity

on

some The main Tx VCO is not In a normal modem design the

powered down and can Tx VCO (U18) would be

drift into the Rx band.

powered down during Rx mode.

This is not implemented on

EV9900.

or

BER results variable.

To overcome the problem the

Tx VCO should be disabled

during Rx BER testing. This can

be done by removing R67.

Poor co-channel rejection at The SAW IF filter (F2) is

Change L4 to 1.8µH.

negative frequency offsets

slightly miss-aligned.

Note: is necessary to ensure the

centre frequency of the receiver

matches that of the test signal

generators precisely to get

reliable results.

23

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Evaluation Kit for CMX990

EV9900

6.7.2 Transmitter Operation

Error Observed

Transmitter loop does not lock

Possible Cause

No modulation is present. Ensure the transmitter is

outputting data. The TSO

Remedy

command can be used to

continuously send data for

testing. Note also the modem

needs to be in transmit mode

and main DAC enable (register

$03)

Transmitter loop does not lock

The PA is not turned on.

The Tx loop in the engineering

silicon of the CMX990 requires

a reasonable level of feedback

for the loop to lock. The PA

ramping register (0x09) should

be set to at least 0x39 to ensure

lock.

Poor modulation spectrum in An incorrect filter has Select the correct filter using

transmit.

been chosen for the bits 5 and 6 of the Aux PLL M

selected Tx IF.

div MSB register ($26).

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EV9900

7.

Performance Specification

7.1

Electrical Performance

7.1.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings

Exceeding these maximum ratings can result in damage to the Evaluation Kit.

Min.

Max.

8.0

4.0

+2.0

+20

Units

V

A

mA

Supply Voltage (V_IN- V_SS

)

0.0

0

Supply Voltage (V_PA- V_SS

)

Current into or out of V_INV_PAand V_SSpins

Current into or out of any other connector pin

-20

7.1.2 Operating Limits

Correct operation of the Evaluation Kit outside these limits is not implied.

Notes

Min.

5.25

3.0

Max.

8.0

3.6

Units

V

Supply Voltage (V_IN- V_SS

)

Supply Voltage (V_PA- V_SS

)

Xtal/External Clock Frequency

24

MHz

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Evaluation Kit for CMX990

EV9900

7.1.3 Operating Characteristics

Details in this section represent design target values and are not currently guaranteed.

For the following conditions unless otherwise specified:

Evaluation Device Xtal Frequency = 19.2MHz, Bit Rate = 8k bits/sec,

V_IN- V_SS= 7.2V, V_PA- V_SS= 3.5V, Tamb = +25°C.

Notes

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Units

DC Parameters (Excluding PA Supply)

I_DD(CMX990 powersaved)

I_DD(Tx)

1

135

200

260

mA

I_DD(Rx CMX990 internal mixer; LNA enabled)

AC Parameters

Tx Output

Tx output impedance

TX output power

50

30

Ω

dBm

Rx Input

Rx input impedance

Rx Sensitivity

Maximum Input Level without damage

50

-117

Ω

dBm

2

3

0

Xtal/Clock Input

Reference Clock Frequency

Reference Clock Level

19.2

MHz

Vp-p

1

µC Interface

See CMX990 Datasheet

Notes:

1. PCB current consumption, not current consumption of the CMX990.

2. 1% BER

3. Typically clipped sine wave

7.1.3 Operating Characteristics - Timing Diagrams

Please refer to CMX990 Datasheet for details.

26

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Evaluation Kit for CMX990

EV9900

CML does not assume any responsibility for the use of any circuitry described. No IPR or circuit patent licences are

implied. CML reserves the right at any time without notice to change the said circuitry and any part of this product

specification. Evaluation kits and demonstration boards are supplied for the sole purpose of demonstrating the

operation of CML products and are supplied without warranty. They are intended for use in a laboratory environment

only and are not for re-sale, end-use or incorporation into other equipments. Operation of these kits and boards outside

a laboratory environment is not permitted within the European Community. All software/firmware is supplied "as is" and

is without warranty. It forms part of the product supplied and is licensed for use only with this product, for the purpose of

demonstrating the operation of CML products. Whilst all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that software/firmware

contained in this product is virus free, CML accepts no resonsibility whatsoever for any contamination which results from

using this product and the onus for checking that the software/firmware is virus free is placed on the purchaser of this

evaluation kit or development board.

www.cmlmicro.com

For FAQs see: www.cmlmicro.com/products/faqs/

For a full datasheet listing see: www.cmlmicro.com/products/datasheets/download.htm

For detailed application notes: www.cmlmicro.com/products/applications/

CMLMicrocircuits

(UK)Ltd

CML Microcircuits

(Singapore)PteLtd

CML Microcircuits

(USA) Inc.

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型号：	EV9900
厂家：	CML MICROCIRCUITS
描述：	Evaluation Kit 评估套件
文件：	总27页 (文件大小：1114K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

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