AMP04EP [ADI]
Precision Single Supply Instrumentation Amplifier; 精密单电源仪表放大器
| 型号： | AMP04EP |
| 厂家： | 
ADI |
| 描述： | Precision Single Supply Instrumentation Amplifier |
| 文件： | 总16页 (文件大小：513K) |
| 中文： | 中文翻译 | 下载： | 下载PDF数据表文档文件 |
Precision Single Supply
Instrumentation Amplifier
a
AMP04*
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
FEATURES
Single Supply Operation
Low Supply Current: 700 A max
Wide Gain Range: 1 to 1000
Low Offset Voltage: 150 V max
Zero-In/Zero-Out
100k
R
GAIN
1
IN(–)
IN(+)
V
OUT
2
3
8
INPUT BUFFERS
6
Single-Resistor Gain Set
8-Pin Mini-DIP and SO packages
11k
APPLICATIONS
Strain Gages
11k
Thermocouples
RTDs
100k
REF
Battery Powered Equipment
Medical Instrumentation
Data Acquisition Systems
PC Based Instruments
Portable Instrumentation
5
The AMP04 is specified over the extended industrial (–40°C to
+85°C) temperature range. AMP04s are available in plastic and
ceramic DIP plus SO-8 surface mount packages.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The AMP04 is a single-supply instrumentation amplifier
designed to work over a +5 volt to ±15 volt supply range. It
offers an excellent combination of accuracy, low power con-
sumption, wide input voltage range, and excellent gain
performance.
Contact your local sales office for MIL-STD-883 data sheet
and availability.
PIN CONNECTIONS
8-Lead Narrow-Body SO
(S Suffix)
8-Lead Epoxy DIP
(P Suffix)
Gain is set by a single external resistor and can be from 1 to
1000. Input common-mode voltage range allows the AMP04 to
handle signals with full accuracy from ground to within 1 volt of
the positive supply. And the output can swing to within 1 volt of
the positive supply. Gain bandwidth is over 700 kHz. In addi-
tion to being easy to use, the AMP04 draws only 700 µA of sup-
ply current.
R
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
R
GAIN
R
R
GAIN
GAIN
GAIN
–IN
V+
V
AMP-04
–IN
V+
V
AMP-04
+IN
V–
OUT
+IN
V–
OUT
REF
REF
For high resolution data acquisition systems, laser trimming of
low drift thin-film resistors limits the input offset voltage to
under 150 µV, and allows the AMP04 to offer gain nonlinearity
of 0.005% and a gain tempco of 30 ppm/°C.
A proprietary input structure limits input offset currents to less
than 5 nA with drift of only 8 pA/°C, allowing direct connection
of the AMP04 to high impedance transducers and other signal
sources.
*Protected by U.S. Patent No. 5,075,633.
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.
Tel: 617/329-4700 Fax: 617/326-8703
AMP04–SPECIFICATIONS
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(VS = +5 V, VCM = +2.5 V, TA = +25؇C unless otherwise noted)
AMP04E
AMP04F
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ Max
Min
Typ
Max Units
OFFSET VOLTAGE
Input Offset Voltage
VIOS
30
150
300
3
1.5
3
300
600
6
3
6
µV
µV
µV/°C
mV
mV
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Input Offset Voltage Drift
Output Offset Voltage
TCVIOS
VOOS
0.5
Output Offset Voltage Drift
TCVoos
IB
30
50
µV/°C
INPUT CURRENT
Input Bias Current
22
30
50
40
60
nA
nA
pA/°C
nA
nA
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Input Bias Current Drift
Input Offset Current
TCIB
IOS
65
1
65
8
5
10
10
15
Input Offset Current Drift
TCIOS
8
pA/°C
INPUT
Common-Mode Input Resistance
Differential Input Resistance
Input Voltage Range
4
4
4
4
GΩ
GΩ
V
VIN
0
3.0
0
3.0
Common-Mode Rejection
CMR
0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 3.0 V
G = 1
60
80
90
90
80
55
75
80
80
dB
dB
dB
dB
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
100
105
105
Common-Mode Rejection
Power Supply Rejection
CMR
PSRR
0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 2.5 V
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
55
75
85
85
50
70
75
75
dB
dB
dB
dB
G = 1000
4.0 V ≤ VS ≤ 12 V
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
95
85
95
95
95
dB
dB
dB
dB
105
105
105
G = 1000
GAIN (G = 100 K/RGAIN
)
Gain Equation Accuracy
G = 1 to 100
G = 1 to 100
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
G = 1000
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.75
1.0
%
0.8
%
%
0.75
50
Gain Range
Nonlinearity
G
1
1000
1
1000 V/V
G = 1, RL = 5 kΩ
G = 10, RL = 5 kΩ
G = 100, RL = 5 kΩ
0.005
0.015
0.025
30
%
%
%
Gain Temperature Coefficient
∆G/∆T
ppm/°C
OUTPUT
Output Voltage Swing High
VOH
RL = 2 kΩ
RL = 2 kΩ
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
RL = 2 kΩ
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Sink
4.0
3.8
4.2
4.0
3.8
V
V
Output Voltage Swing Low
Output Current Limit
VOL
2.0
2.5
mV
mA
mA
30
15
30
15
Source
–2–
REV. A
AMP04
AMP04E
Typ Max
AMP04F
Typ
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Min
Max Units
NOISE
Noise Voltage Density, RTI
eN
f = 1 kHz, G = 1
f = 1 kHz, G = 10
270
45
30
25
4
7
1.5
0.7
270
45
30
25
4
7
1.5
0.7
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
pA/√Hz
µV p-p
µV p-p
µV p-p
f = 100 Hz, G = 100
f = 100 Hz, G = 1000
f = 100 Hz, G = 100
0.1 to 10 Hz, G = 1
0.1 to 10 Hz, G = 10
0.1 to 10 Hz, G = 100
Noise Current Density, RTI
Input Noise Voltage
iN
e
N p-p
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Small Signal Bandwidth
BW
ISY
G = 1, –3 dB
300
300
kHz
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Current
550 700
850
700
850
µA
µA
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Specifications subject to change without notice.
(VS = ؎5 V, VCM = 0 V, TA = +25؇C unless otherwise noted)
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
AMP04E
AMP04F
Typ Max Units
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Typ Max
Min
OFFSET VOLTAGE
Input Offset Voltage
VIOS
80
1
400
600
3
3
6
600
900
6
6
9
µV
µV
µV/°C
mV
mV
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Input Offset Voltage Drift
Output Offset Voltage
TCVIOS
VOOS
Output Offset Voltage Drift
TCVoos
IB
30
50
µV/°C
INPUT CURRENT
Input Bias Current
17
30
50
40
60
nA
nA
pA/°C
nA
nA
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Input Bias Current Drift
Input Offset Current
TCIB
IOS
65
2
65
28
5
15
10
20
Input Offset Current Drift
TCIOS
28
pA/°C
INPUT
Common-Mode Input Resistance
Differential Input Resistance
Input Voltage Range
4
4
4
4
GΩ
GΩ
V
VIN
–12
+12
–12
+12
Common-Mode Rejection
CMR
–12 V ≤ VCM ≤ +12 V
G = 1
60
80
90
90
80
55
75
80
80
dB
dB
dB
dB
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
100
105
105
Common-Mode Rejection
Power Supply Rejection
CMR
PSRR
–11 V ≤ VCM ≤ +11 V
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
55
75
85
85
50
70
75
75
dB
dB
dB
dB
G = 1000
±2.5 V ≤ VS ≤ ±18 V
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
75
90
95
95
70
80
85
85
dB
dB
dB
dB
G = 1000
REV. A
–3–
AMP04
AMP04E
Typ Max
AMP04F
Typ Max Units
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Min
Min
GAIN (G = 100 K/RGAIN
)
Gain Equation Accuracy
G = 1 to 100
G = 1000
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.75
%
%
0.75
G = 1 to 100
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
0.8
1.0
%
Gain Range
Nonlinearity
G
1
1000
1
1000 V/V
G = 1, RL = 5 kΩ
G = 10, RL = 5 kΩ
G = 100, RL = 5 kΩ
0.005
0.015
0.025
30
0.005
0.015
0.025
50
%
%
%
Gain Temperature Coefficient
∆G/∆T
ppm/°C
OUTPUT
Output Voltage Swing High
VOH
RL = 2 kΩ
RL = 2 kΩ
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
RL = 2 kΩ
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Sink
+13
+13.4
+13
V
V
+12.5
+12.5
Output Voltage Swing Low
Output Current Limit
VOL
–14.5
–14.5
V
mA
mA
30
15
30
15
Source
NOISE
Noise Voltage Density, RTI
eN
f = 1 kHz, G = 1
f = 1 kHz, G = 10
270
45
30
25
4
5
1
0.5
270
45
30
25
4
5
1
0.5
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
nV/√Hz
pA/√Hz
µV p-p
µV p-p
µV p-p
f = 100 Hz, G = 100
f = 100 Hz, G = 1000
f = 100 Hz, G = 100
0.1 to 10 Hz, G = 1
0.1 to 10 Hz, G = 10
0.1 to 10 Hz, G = 100
Noise Current Density, RTI
Input Noise Voltage
iN
N p-p
e
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Small Signal Bandwidth
BW
ISY
G = 1, –3 dB
700
700
kHz
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Current
750 900
1100
900
µA
1100 µA
–40°C ≤ TA ≤ +85°C
Specifications subject to change without notice.
(VS = +5 V, VCM = +2.5 V, TA = +25؇C unless otherwise noted)
WAFER TEST LIMITS
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Limit
Units
OFFSET VOLTAGE
Input Offset Voltage
Output Offset Voltage
VIOS
VOOS
300
3
µV max
mV max
INPUT CURRENT
Input Bias Current
Input Offset Current
IB
IOS
40
10
nA max
nA max
INPUT
Common-Mode Rejection
CMR
CMR
0 V ≤ VCM ≤ 3.0 V
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
G = 1000
VS = ±15 V, –12 V ≤ VCM ≤ +12 V
55
75
80
80
dB min
dB min
dB min
dB min
Common-Mode Rejection
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
55
75
80
dB min
dB min
dB min
–4–
REV. A
AMP04
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Limit
Units
G = 1000
4.0 V ≤ VS ≤ 12 V
G = 1
G = 10
G = 100
80
dB min
Power Supply Rejection
PSRR
85
95
95
95
dB min
dB min
dB min
dB min
G = 1000
GAIN (G = 100 K/RGAIN
)
Gain Equation Accuracy
G = 1 to 100
0.75
% max
OUTPUT
Output Voltage Swing High
Output Voltage Swing Low
VOH
VOL
RL = 2 kΩ
RL = 2 kΩ
4.0
2.5
V min
mV max
POWER SUPPLY
Supply Current
ISY
VS = ±15
900
700
µA max
µA max
NOTE
Electrical tests and wafer probe to the limits shown. Due to variations in assembly methods and normal yield loss, yield after packaging is not guaranteed for standard
product dice. Consult factory to negotiate specifications based on dice lot qualifications through sample lot assembly and testing.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1
DICE CHARACTERISTICS
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .±18 V
Common-Mode Input Voltage2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ±18 V
Differential Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 V
Output Short-Circuit Duration to GND . . . . . . . . . . Indefinite
Storage Temperature Range
Z Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +175°C
P, S Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Operating Temperature Range
AMP04A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –55°C to +125°C
AMP04E, F . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –40°C to +85°C
Junction Temperature Range
Z Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +175°C
P, S Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature Range (Soldering, 60 sec) . . . . . . . +300°C
3
Package Type
θJA
θJC
Units
8-Pin Cerdip (Z)
8-Pin Plastic DIP (P)
8-Pin SOIC (S)
148
103
158
16
43
43
°C/W
°C/W
°C/W
NOTES
1Absolute maximum ratings apply to both DICE and packaged parts, unless
otherwise noted.
2For supply voltages less than ±18 V, the absolute maximum input voltage is
equal to the supply voltage.
AMP04 Die Size 0.075 × 0.99 inch, 7,425 sq. mils.
Substrate (Die Backside) Is Connected to V+.
Transistor Count, 81.
3θJA is specified for the worst case conditions, i.e., θJA is specified for device in
socket for cerdip, P-DIP, and LCC packages; θJA is specified for device
soldered in circuit board for SOIC package.
ORDERING GUIDE
Temperature
Range
VOS @ +5 V
TA = +25؇C
Package
Description
Package
Option
Model
AMP04EP
AMP04ES
AMP04FP
AMP04FS
AMP04FS-REEL
AMP04FS-REEL7
AMP04GBC
XIND
XIND
XIND
XIND
XIND
XIND
+25°C
150 µV
150 µV
300 µV
300 µV
150 µV
150 µV
300 µV
Plastic DIP
SOIC
Plastic DIP
SOIC
SOIC
SOIC
N-8
SO-8
N-8
SO-8
SO-8
SO-8
REV. A
–5–
AMP04
Input Common-Mode Voltage Below Ground
Although not tested and guaranteed, the AMP04 inputs are bi-
ased in a way that they can amplify signals linearly with common-
mode voltage as low as –0.25 volts below ground. This holds
true over the industrial temperature range from –40°C to +85°C.
APPLICATIONS
Common-Mode Rejection
The purpose of the instrumentation amplifier is to amplify the
difference between the two input signals while ignoring offset
and noise voltages common to both inputs. One way of judging
the device’s ability to reject this offset is the common-mode
gain, which is the ratio between a change in the common-mode
voltage and the resulting output voltage change. Instrumenta-
tion amplifiers are often judged by the common-mode rejection
ratio, which is equal to 20 × log10 of the ratio of the user-selected
differential signal gain to the common-mode gain, commonly
called the CMRR. The AMP04 offers excellent CMRR, guaran-
teed to be greater than 90 dB at gains of 100 or greater. Input
offsets attain very low temperature drift by proprietary laser-
trimmed thin-film resistors and high gain amplifiers.
Extended Positive Common-Mode Range
On the high side, other instrumentation amplifier configura-
tions, such as the three op amp instrumentation amplifier, can
have severe positive common-mode range limitations. Figure 3
shows an example of a gain of 1001 amplifier, with an input
common-mode voltage of 10 volts. For this circuit to function,
VOB must swing to 15.01 volts in order for the output to go to
10.01 volts. Clearly no op amp can handle this swing range
(given a +15 V supply) as the output will saturate long before it
reaches the supply rails. Again the AMP04’s topology does not
have this limitation. Figure 4 illustrates the AMP04 operating at
the same common-mode conditions as in Figure 3. None of the
internal nodes has a signal high enough to cause amplifier satu-
ration. As a result, the AMP04 can accommodate much wider
common-mode range than most instrumentation amplifiers.
Input Common-Mode Range Includes Ground
The AMP04 employs a patented topology (Figure 1) that
uniquely allows the common-mode input voltage to truly extend
to zero volts where other instrumentation amplifiers fail. To il-
lustrate, take for example the single supply, gain of 100 instru-
mentation amplifier as in Figure 2. As the inputs approach zero
volts, in order for the output to go positive, amplifier A’s output
(VOA) must be allowed to go below ground, to –0.094 volts.
Clearly this is not possible in a single supply environment. Con-
sequently this instrumentation amplifier configuration’s input
common-mode voltage cannot go below about 0.4 volts. In
comparison, the AMP04 has no such restriction. Its inputs will
function with a zero-volt common-mode voltage.
+10.00V
A
R
100k
R
R
+5V
10.01
V
OA
200Ω
50µA
V
OB
100k
+15.01V
R
B
+10.01V
100k
R
GAIN
IN(–)
IN(+)
1
V
2
3
8
OUT
Figure 3. Gain = 1001, Three Op Amp Instrumentation
Amplifier
INPUT BUFFERS
6
11k
100k
0.1µA
+15V
11k
+10.00V
–
100Ω
+10.01V
100µA
VOUT
+10V
100k
REF
+10.01V
+
+15V
5
–15V
11k
100.1µA
Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram
+11.111V
–15V
11k
0.01V
+
V
V
OB
OUT
100k
V
B
IN
0V
–
V
OA
A
Figure 4. Gain = 1000, AMP04
100k
100k
20k
20k
–.094V
0.01V
0V
4.7µA
4.7µA
5.2µA
2127Ω
Figure 2. Gain = 100 Instrumentation Amplifier
–6–
REV. A
AMP04
Programming the Gain
The gain of the AMP04 is programmed by the user by selecting
a single external resistor—RGAIN
signal routing practice to minimize stray coupling and ground
loops is recommended. Leakage currents can be minimized by
using high quality socket and circuit board materials, and by
carefully cleaning and coating complete board assemblies.
:
Gain = 100 kΩ/RGAIN
As mentioned above, the high speed transition noise found in
logic circuitry is the sworn enemy of the analog circuit designer.
Great care must be taken to maintain separation between them
to minimize coupling. A major path for these error voltages will
be found in the power supply lines. Low impedance, load re-
lated variations and noise levels that are completely acceptable
in the high thresholds of the digital domain make the digital
supply unusable in nearly all high performance analog applica-
tions. The user is encouraged to maintain separate power and
ground between the analog and digital systems wherever pos-
sible, joining only at the supply itself if necessary, and to ob-
serve careful grounding layout and bypass capacitor scheduling
in sensitive areas.
The output voltage is then defined as the differential input volt-
age times the gain.
VOUT = (VIN+ – VIN–) × Gain
In single supply systems, offsetting the ground is often desired
for several reasons. Ground may be offset from zero to provide
a quieter signal reference point, or to offset “zero” to allow a
unipolar signal range to represent both positive and negative
values.
In noisy environments such as those having digital switching,
switching power supplies or externally generated noise, ground
may not be the ideal place to reference a signal in a high accu-
racy system.
Input Shield Drivers
Often, real world signals such as temperature or pressure may
generate voltages that are represented by changes in polarity. In
a single supply system the signal input cannot be allowed to go
below ground, and therefore the signal must be offset to accom-
modate this change in polarity. On the AMP04, a reference in-
put pin is provided to allow offsetting of the input range.
High impedance sources and long cable runs from remote trans-
ducers in noisy industrial environments commonly experience
significant amounts of noise coupled to the inputs. Both stray
capacitance errors and noise coupling from external sources can
be minimized by running the input signal through shielded
cable. The cable shield is often grounded at the analog input
common, however improved dynamic noise rejection and a re-
duction in effective cable capacitance is achieved by driving the
shield with a buffer amplifier at a potential equal to the voltage
seen at the input. Driven shields are easily realized with the
AMP04. Examination of the simplified schematic shows that the
potentials at the gain set resistor pins of the AMP04 follow the
inputs precisely. As shown in Figure 5, shield drivers are easily
realized by buffering the potential at these pins by a dual, single
supply op amp such as the OP213. Alternatively, applications
with single-ended sources or that use twisted-pair cable could
drive a single shield. To minimize error contributions due to
this additional circuitry, all components and wiring should re-
main in proximity to the AMP04 and careful grounding and by-
passing techniques should be observed.
The gain equation is more accurately represented by including
this reference input.
V
OUT = (VIN+ – VIN–) × Gain + VREF
Grounding
The most common problems encountered in high performance
analog instrumentation and data acquisition system designs are
found in the management of offset errors and ground noise.
Primarily, the designer must consider temperature differentials
and thermocouple effects due to dissimilar metals, IR voltage
drops, and the effects of stray capacitance. The problem is
greatly compounded when high speed digital circuitry, such as
that accompanying data conversion components, is brought
into the proximity of the analog section. Considerable noise and
error contributions such as fast-moving logic signals that easily
propagate into sensitive analog lines, and the unavoidable noise
common to digital supply lines must all be dealt with if the accu-
racy of the carefully designed analog section is to be preserved.
1/2 OP-213
Besides the temperature drift errors encountered in the ampli-
fier, thermal errors due to the supporting discrete components
should be evaluated. The use of high quality, low-TC compo-
nents where appropriate is encouraged. What is more important,
large thermal gradients can create not only unexpected changes
in component values, but also generate significant thermoelec-
tric voltages due to the interface between dissimilar metals such
as lead solder, copper wire, gold socket contacts, Kovar lead
frames, etc. Thermocouple voltages developed at these junc-
tions commonly exceed the TCVOS contribution of the
1
V
2
3
8
OUT
6
1/2 OP-213
Figure 5. Cable Shield Drivers
AMP04. Component layout that takes into account the power
dissipation at critical locations in the circuit and minimizes gra-
dient effects and differential common-mode voltages by taking
advantage of input symmetry will minimize many of these errors.
High accuracy circuitry can experience considerable error con-
tributions due to the coupling of stray voltages into sensitive
areas, including high impedance amplifier inputs which benefit
from such techniques as ground planes, guard rings, and
shields. Careful circuit layout, including good grounding and
REV. A
–7–
AMP04
Compensating for Input and Output Errors
To achieve optimal performance, the user needs to take into
account a number of error sources found in instrumentation
amplifiers. These consist primarily of input and output offset
voltages and leakage currents.
C
EXT
100k
The input and output offset voltages are independent from one
another, and must be considered separately. The input offset
component will of course be directly multiplied by the gain of
the amplifier, in contrast to the output offset voltage that is in-
dependent of gain. Therefore, the output error is the dominant
factor at low gains, and the input error grows to become the
greater problem as gain is increased. The overall equation for
offset voltage error referred to the output (RTO) is:
R
GAIN
IN(–)
IN(+)
1
2
3
8
INPUT BUFFERS
6
V
OUT
11k
11k
1
VOS (RTO) = (VIOS × G) + VOOS
ƒLP
=
2π (100k) C
EXT
where VIOS is the input offset voltage and VOOS the output offset
voltage, and G is the programmed amplifier gain.
100k
REF
5
The change in these error voltages with temperature must also
be taken into account. The specification TCVOS, referred to the
output, is a combination of the input and output drift specifica-
tions. Again, the gain influences the input error but not the out-
put, and the equation is:
Figure 6. Noise Band Limiting
a single-pole low-pass filter is produced. The cutoff frequency
(fLP) follows the relationship:
TCVOS (RTO) = (TCVIOS × G) + TCVOOS
1
In some applications the user may wish to define the error con-
tribution as referred to the input, and treat it as an input error.
The relationship is:
fLP
=
2π (100 kΩ) CEXT
Filtering can be applied to reduce wide band noise. Figure 7a
shows a 10 Hz low-pass filter, gain of 1000 for the AMP04. Fig-
ures 7b and 7c illustrate the effect of filtering on noise. The
photo in Figure 7b shows the output noise before filtering. By
adding a 0.15 µF capacitor, the noise is reduced by about a
factor of 4 as shown in Figure 7c.
TCVOS (RTI) = TCVIOS + (TCVOOS / G)
The bias and offset currents of the input transistors also have an
impact on the overall accuracy of the input signal. The input
leakage, or bias currents of both inputs will generate an addi-
tional offset voltage when flowing through the signal source re-
sistance. Changes in this error component due to variations with
signal voltage and temperature can be minimized if both input
source resistances are equal, reducing the error to a common-
mode voltage which can be rejected. The difference in bias cur-
rent between the inputs, the offset current, generates a differen-
tial error voltage across the source resistance that should be
taken into account in the user’s design.
+15V
0.15µF
100
7
1
2
8
6
3
5
In applications utilizing floating sources such as thermocouples,
transformers, and some photo detectors, the user must take care
to provide some current path between the high impedance in-
puts and analog ground. The input bias currents of the AMP04,
although extremely low, will charge the stray capacitance found
in nearby circuit traces, cables, etc., and cause the input to drift
erratically or to saturate unless given a bleed path to the analog
common. Again, the use of equal resistance values will create a
common input error voltage that is rejected by the amplifier.
4
–15V
Figure 7a. 10 Hz Low-Pass Filter
5mV
10ms
100
90
Reference Input
The VREF input is used to set the system ground. For dual sup-
ply operation it can be connected to ground to give zero volts
out with zero volts differential input. In single supply systems it
could be connected either to the negative supply or to a pseudo-
ground between the supplies. In any case, the REF input must
be driven with low impedance.
10
0%
Noise Filtering
Unlike most previous instrumentation amplifiers, the output
stage’s inverting input (Pin 8) is accessible. By placing a capaci-
tor across the AMP04’s feedback path (Figure 6, Pins 6 and 8)
Figure 7b. Unfiltered AMP04 Output
–8–
REV. A
AMP04
First, the potentiometer should be adjusted to cause the
1mV
2s
output to swing in the positive direction; then adjust it in
the reverse direction, causing the output to swing toward
ground, until the output just stops changing. At that point
the output is at the saturation limit.
100
90
R
G
10
0%
AMP-04
1
8
7
6
5
+5V
OUTPUT
2
3
4
INPUT
Figure 7c. 10 Hz Low-Pass Filtered Output
Power Supply Considerations
OP-113
In dual supply applications (for example ±15 V) if the input is
connected to a low resistance source less than 100 Ω, a large
current may flow in the input leads if the positive supply is ap-
plied before the negative supply during power-up. A similar
condition may also result upon a loss of the negative supply. If
these conditions could be present in you system, it is recom-
mended that a series resistor up to 1 kΩ be added to the input
leads to limit the input current.
+5V
100Ω
50k
Figure 9. Offset Adjust for Single Supply Applications
Alternative Nulling Method
An alternative null correction technique is to inject an off-
set current into the summing node of the output amplifier
as in Figure 10. This method does not require an external
op amp. However the drawback is that the amplifier will
move off its null as the input common-mode voltage
changes. It is a less desirable nulling circuit than the previ-
ous method.
This condition can not occur in a single supply environment as
losing the negative supply effectively removes any current return
path.
Offset Nulling in Dual Supply
Offset may be nulled by feeding a correcting voltage at the VREF
pin (Pin 5). However, it is important that the pin be driven with
a low impedance source. Any measurable resistance will degrade
the amplifier’s common-mode rejection performance as well as
its gain accuracy. An op amp may be used to buffer the offset
null circuit as in Figure 8.
V+
V–
100k
RGAIN
R
G
IN(–)
IN(+)
1
VOUT
6
2
3
8
INPUT BUFFERS
AMP-04
1
8
7
6
5
11k
–
+5V
OUTPUT
2
3
4
V+
INPUT
+
+5V
50k
11k
REF
V–
+5V
100k
REF
*
–5V
100Ω
* OP-90 FOR LOW POWER
OP-113 FOR LOW DRIFT
5
±5mV
ADJ
–5V
RANGE
50k
–5V
Figure 10. Current Injection Offsetting Is Not
Recommended
Figure 8. Offset Adjust for Dual Supply Applications
Offset Nulling in Single Supply
Nulling the offset in single supply systems is difficult because
the adjustment is made to try to attain zero volts. At zero volts
out, the output is in saturation (to the negative rail) and the out-
put voltage is indistinguishable from the normal offset error.
Consequently the offset nulling circuit in Figure 9 must be used
with caution.
REV. A
–9–
AMP04
APPLICATION CIRCUITS
To calibrate, either immerse the RTD into a zero-degree ice
bath or substitute an exact 100 Ω resistor in place of the RTD.
Then adjust bridge BALANCE potentiometer R3 for a 0 volt
output. Note that a 0 volt output is also the negative output
swing limit of the AMP04 powered with a single supply. There-
fore, be sure to adjust R3 to first cause the output to swing
positive and then back off until the output just stop swinging
negatively.
Low Power Precision Single Supply RTD Amplifier
Figure 11 shows a linearized RTD amplifier that is powered off
a single +5 volt supply. However, the circuit will work up to 36
volts without modification. The RTD is excited by a 100 µA
constant current that is regulated by amplifier A (OP295). The
0.202 volts reference voltage used to generate the constant cur-
rent is divided down from the 2.500 volt reference. The AMP04
amplifies the bridge output to a 10 mV/°C output coefficient.
Next, set the LINEARITY ADJ. potentiometer to the mid-
range. Substitute an exact 247.04 Ω resistor (equivalent to
400°C temperature) in place of the RTD. Adjust the
FULL-SCALE potentiometer for a 4.000 volts output.
R9
50Ω
R3
BALANCE
C3
0.1µF
+5V
7
R8
383Ω
100Ω
500Ω
R10
FULL-SCALE
ADJ
Finally substitute a 175.84 Ω resistor (equivalent to 200°C
temperature), and adjust the LINEARITY ADJ potentiometer
for a 2.000 volts at the output. Repeat the full-scale and the
half-scale adjustments as needed.
R1
R2
26.7k
26.7k
1
3
2
C1
8
0.47µF
6
V
AMP-04
OUT
0→4.00V
(0°C TO 400°C)
When properly calibrated, the circuit achieves better than
±0.5°C accuracy within a temperature measurement range from
0°C to 400°C.
5
4
1
RTD
100Ω
R4
100Ω
A
3
1/2
OP-295
Precision 4-20 mA Loop Transmitter With Noninteractive
Trim
+5V
6
R7
121k
8
7
Figure 12 shows a full bridge strain gage transducer amplifier
circuit that is powered off the 4-20 mA current loop. The
AMP04 amplifies the bridge signal differentially and is con-
verted to a current by the output amplifier. The total quiescent
current drawn by the circuit, which includes the bridge, the am-
plifiers, and the resistor biasing, is only a fraction of the 4 mA
null current that flows through the current-sense resistor
2
1/2
OP-295
B
5
0.202V
4
50k
R5
R6
LINEARITY
ADJ.
(@1/2 FS)
1.02k
11.5k
R
SENSE
2.5V
6
1k
OUT
REF-43
2
+5V
IN
GND
4
C2
0.1µF
R
SENSE. The voltage across RSENSE feeds back to the OP90’s in-
put, whose common-mode is fixed at the current summing
reference voltage, thus regulating the output current.
NOTES: ALL RESISTORS ±0.5%, ±25 PPM/°C
ALL POTENTIOMETERS ±25 PPM/°C
With no bridge signal, the 4 mA null is simply set up by the
50 kΩ NULL potentiometer plus the 976 kΩ resistors that in-
ject an offset that forces an 80 mV drop across RSENSE. At a
50 mV full-scale bridge voltage, the AMP04 amplifies the
voltage-to-current converter for a full-scale of 20 mA at the out-
put. Since the OP90’s input operates at a constant 0 volt
common-mode voltage, the null and the span adjustments do
Figure 11. Precision Single Supply RTD Thermometer
Amplifier
The RTD is linearized by feeding a portion of the signal back to
the reference circuit, increasing the reference voltage as the tem-
perature increases. When calibrated properly, the RTD’s non-
linearity error will be canceled.
Figure 12. Precision 4-20 mA Loop Transmitter Features Noninteractive Trims
–10–
REV. A
AMP04
not interact with one another. Calibration is simple and easy
with the NULL adjusted first, followed by SPAN adjust. The
entire circuit can be remotely placed, and powered from the
4-20 mA 2-wire loop.
Single Supply Programmable Gain Instrumentation Amplifier
Combining with the single supply ADG221 quad analog switch,
the AMP04 makes a useful programmable gain amplifier that
can handle input and output signals at zero volts. Figure 15
shows the implementation. A logic low input to any of the gain
control ports will cause the gain to change by shorting a gain-
set resistor across AMP04’s Pins 1 and 8. Trimming is required
at higher gains to improve accuracy because the switch ON-
resistance becomes a more significant part of the gain-set
resistance. The gain of 500 setting has two switches connected
in parallel to reduce the switch resistance.
4-20 mA Loop Receiver
At the receiving end of a 4-20 mA loop, the AMP04 makes a
convenient differential receiver to convert the current back to a
usable voltage (Figure 13). The 4-20 mA signal current passes
through a 100 Ω sense resistor. The voltage drop is differentially
amplified by the AMP04. The 4 mA offset is removed by the
offset correction circuit.
+5V TO +30V
+15V
13
5
IN4002
100k
ADG221
+
4
10µF
0.1µF
4–20mA
0.15µF
7
10
9
11
–
+
1
1k
4–20mA
TRANS-
MITTER
3
2
200Ω
200Ω
8
6
100Ω 1%
VOUT
AMP-04
7
8
6
1k
4–20mA
0–1.6V FS
5
GAIN OF 500
GAIN OF 100
WIRE RE-
SISTANCE
–0.400V
2
4
14
15
16
+
–
715Ω
10.9k
POWER
SUPPLY
–15V
6
OP-177
3
2
1
3
GAIN OF 10
WR
10k
+
27k
12
100k
–
–15V
AD589
0.22µF
R
R
G
G
1
8
7
6
5
Figure 13. 4-to-20 mA Line Receiver
Low Power, Pulsed Load-Cell Amplifier
–
+5V
TO +30V
2
3
4
V+
V
INPUT
+
OUT
Figure 14 shows a 350 Ω load cell that is pulsed with a low duty
cycle to conserve power. The OP295’s rail-to-rail output capa-
bility allows a maximum voltage of 10 volts to be applied to the
bridge. The bridge voltage is selectively pulsed on when a mea-
surement is made. A negative-going pulse lasting 200 ms should
be applied to the MEASURE input. The long pulse width is
necessary to allow ample settling time for the long time constant
of the low-pass filter around the AMP04. A much faster settling
time can be achieved by omitting the filter capacitor.
V–
REF
0.1µF
AMP-04
Figure 15. Single Supply Programmable Gain Instrumen-
tation Amplifier
The switch ON resistance is lower if the supply voltage is
12 volts or higher. Additionally the overall amplifier’s tempera-
ture coefficient also improves with higher supply voltage.
+12V
IN
1k
10k
10V
OUT
REF-01
GND
330Ω
1/2
OP-295
MEASURE
2N3904
50k
1N4148
+12V
7
0.22µF
1
3
8
6
V
AMP-04
OUT
350Ω
2
5
4
Figure 14. Pulsed Load Cell Bridge Amplifier
REV. A
–11–
AMP04
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
BASED ON 300 UNITS
3 RUNS
TA = +25°C
S = +5V
BASED ON 300 UNITS
3 RUNS
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
= 0V
A
V
V
S
VCM = 2.5V
V
CM
–0.5 –0.4 –0.3 –0.2 –0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
–200 –160 –120 –80 –40
0
40
80
120 160 200
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE – mV
INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE – µV
Figure 17. Input Offset (VIOS) Distribution @ ±15 V
Figure 16. Input Offset (VIOS) Distribution @ +5 V
120
120
300 UNITS
300 UNITS
V
= +5V
100
100
80
60
40
20
0
S
V
= ±15V
S
V
= 2.5V
CM
V
= 0V
CM
80
60
40
20
0
0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50
TCV – µV/°C
0
0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00 2.25 2.50
TCV – µV/
°
C
IOS
IOS
Figure 19. Input Offset Drift (TCVIOS) Distribution @ ±15 V
Figure 18. Input Offset Drift (TCVIOS) Distribution @ +5 V
120
120
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
TA = +25°C
S = +5V
VCM = 2.5V
BASED ON 300 UNITS
3 RUNS
BASED ON 300 UNITS
3 RUNS
A
V
V
V
S
100
80
60
40
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
= 0V
CM
–5
–4
–3
–2
–1
0
1
2
3
4
5
–2.0 –1.6 –1.2 –0.8 –0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
OUTPUT OFFSET – mV
OUTPUT OFFSET – mV
Figure 21. Output Offset (VOOS) Distribution @ ±15 V
Figure 20. Output Offset (VOOS) Distribution @ +5 V
–12–
REV. A
AMP04
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
300 UNITS
300 UNITS
VS = ±15V
V
= +5V
S
V
= 0V
VCM = 0V
CM
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
TCV
– µV/ °C
TCVOOS – µV/
°C
OOS
Figure 22. Output Offset Drift (TCVOOS) Distribution
@ +5 V
Figure 23. Output Offset Drift (TCVOOS) Distribution
@ ±15 V
5.0
15.0
R
= 100k
VS = +5V
RL = 10k
L
V
= +5V
S
14.5
14.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
13.5
13.0
RL = 2k
R
= 100k
L
12.5
–14.6
–14.7
–14.8
–14.9
–15.0
–15.1
RL = 2k
R
= 2k
L
RL = 10k
R
= 10k
L
RL = 100k
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE – °C
TEMPERATURE – °C
Figure 24. Output Voltage Swing vs. Temperature
@ +5 V
Figure 25. Output Voltage Swing vs. Temperature
@ +15 V
40
8
V
V
= +5V, V
= 2.5V
S
S
CM
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
V
= +5V, V
= 2.5V
= 0V
S
CM
V
= ±15V, V = 0V
CM
V
= ±15V
S
,
CM
6
4
2
0
V
= +5V
S
V
S
= ±15V
V
= +5V
S
V
= ±15V
S
0
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
–50
–25
0
25
50
75
100
TEMPERATURE – °C
TEMPERATURE – °C
Figure 26. Input Bias Current vs. Temperature
Figure 27. Input Offset Current vs. Temperature
REV. A
–13–
AMP04
50
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
G = 100
G = 10
G = 1
A
TA = +25
G = 1
°C
40
V
S
30
VS = ±15V
20
10
VS = +5V
0
–10
–20
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10
100
1k
FREQUENCY – Hz
10k
100k
FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 28. Closed-Loop Voltage Gain vs. Frequency
Figure 29. Closed-Loop Output Impedance vs. Frequency
120
120
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
= 2V
A
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
= 2V
A
V
V
S
100
80
60
40
20
0
V
V
110
100
90
S
G = 100
CM
P-P
CM
P-P
G = 10
80
G = 1
70
60
–20
50
1
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1
10
100
1k
FREQUENCY – Hz
VOLTAGE GAIN – G
Figure 30. Common-Mode Rejection vs. Frequency
Figure 31. Common-Mode Rejection vs. Voltage Gain
140
140
TA = +25°C
TA = +25°C
VS = ±15V
VS = ±15V
120
120
∆VS = ±1V
∆VS = ±1V
G = 100
G = 100
100
100
80
80
G = 10
G = 10
60
60
40
40
G = 1
G = 1
20
0
20
0
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
10
100
1k
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY – Hz
FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 32. Positive Power Supply Rejection vs. Frequency
Figure 33. Negative Power Supply Rejection vs. Frequency
–14–
REV. A
AMP04
1k
100
10
1k
100
10
T
V
= +25°C
= ±15V
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
A
A
V
S
S
ƒ = 1kHz
ƒ = 100Hz
1
1
1
10
100
1k
1
10
100
1k
VOLTAGE GAIN – G
VOLTAGE GAIN – G
Figure 34. Voltage Noise Density vs. Gain
Figure 35. Voltage Noise Density vs. Gain, f = 1 kHz
140
120
100
80
20mV
1s
T
= +25°C
= ±15V
A
V
S
100
90
G = 100
60
40
10
0%
20
0
1
10
100
1k
10k
V
= ±15V, GAIN = 1000, 0.1 TO 10 Hz BANDPASS
S
FREQUENCY – Hz
Figure 36. Voltage Noise Density vs. Frequency
Figure 37. Input Noise Voltage
1200
16
TA = +25
°C
14
12
10
8
1000
V
S = ±15V
VS = ±15V
800
600
VS = +5V
6
400
4
200
2
0
–50
0
–25
0
25
50
75
100
10
100
1k
10k
100k
TEMPERATURE –
°C
LOAD RESISTANCE – Ω
Figure 38. Supply Current vs. Temperature
Figure 39. Maximum Output Voltage vs. Load Resistance
REV. A
–15–
AMP04
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
8-Lead Plastic DIP (N-8)
8
5
0.280 (7.11)
0.240 (6.10)
1
4
0.070 (1.77)
0.045 (1.15)
0.325 (8.25)
0.300 (7.62)
0.430 (10.92)
0.348 (8.84)
0.015
0.210
(5.33)
MAX
0.195 (4.95)
0.115 (2.93)
(0.381) TYP
0.130
(3.30)
MIN
0.015 (0.381)
0.008 (0.204)
0.160 (4.06)
0.115 (2.93)
SEATING
0°- 15°
0.022 (0.558)
0.014 (0.356)
0.100
(2.54)
BSC
PLANE
8-Lead Cerdip (Q-8)
0.005 (0.13) MIN
0.055 (1.4) MAX
8
5
0.310 (7.87)
0.220 (5.59)
4
1
0.070 (1.78)
0.030 (0.76)
0.320 (8.13)
0.290 (7.37)
0.405 (10.29) MAX
0.200
(5.08)
MAX
0.060 (1.52)
0.015 (0.38)
0.150
(3.81)
MIN
0.200 (5.08)
0.125 (3.18)
0.015 (0.38)
0.008 (0.20)
0°-15°
0.023 (0.58)
0.014 (0.36)
0.100 (2.54)
BSC
SEATING PLANE
8-Lead Narrow-Body SO (S0-8)
–16–
REV. A
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