ADSP-2186BST-160X_技术文档

a

DSP Microcomputer

ADSP-2186

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

FEATURES

PERFORMANCE

25 ns Instruction Cycle Time 40 MIPS Sustained

Performance

Single-Cycle Instruction Execution

Single-Cycle Context Switch

POWER-DOWN

CONTROL

FULL MEMORY

MODE

MEMORY

PROGRAMMABLE

DATA ADDRESS

GENERATORS

I/O

8K

؋

24

PROGRAM

MEMORY

8K

؋

16

DATA

MEMORY

EXTERNAL

ADDRESS

BUS

PROGRAM

SEQUENCER

AND

FLAGS

DAG 1 DAG 2

EXTERNAL

DATA

3-Bus Architecture Allows Dual Operand Fetches in

Every Instruction Cycle

Multifunction Instructions

Power-Down Mode Featuring Low CMOS Standby

Power Dissipation with 100 Cycle Recovery from

Power-Down Condition

PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS

DATA MEMORY ADDRESS

BUS

BYTE DMA

CONTROLLER

PROGRAM MEMORY DATA

DATA MEMORY DATA

OR

EXTERNAL

DATA

BUS

ARITHMETIC UNITS

ALU SHIFTER

SERIAL PORTS

SPORT 0 SPORT 1

TIMER

Low Power Dissipation in Idle Mode

INTERNAL

DMA

PORT

MAC

INTEGRATION

ADSP-2100 Family Code Compatible, with Instruction

Set Extensions

ADSP-2100 BASE

ARCHITECTURE

HOST MODE

40K Bytes of On-Chip RAM, Configured as

8K Words On-Chip Program Memory RAM and

8K Words On-Chip Data Memory RAM

Dual Purpose Program Memory for Both Instruction

and Data Storage

Automatic Booting of On-Chip Program Memory from

Byte-Wide External Memory, e.g., EPROM, or

Through Internal DMA Port

Six External Interrupts

13 Programmable Flag Pins Provide Flexible System

Signaling

Independent ALU, Multiplier/Accumulator and Barrel

Shifter Computational Units

UART Emulation through Software SPORT Reconfiguration

ICE-Port™ Emulator Interface Supports Debugging

in Final Systems

Two Independent Data Address Generators

Powerful Program Sequencer Provides

Zero Overhead Looping Conditional Instruction

Execution

Programmable 16-Bit Interval Timer with Prescaler

100-Lead LQFP and 144-Ball Mini-BGA

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The ADSP-2186 is a single-chip microcomputer optimized for

digital signal processing (DSP) and other high speed numeric

processing applications.

SYSTEM INTERFACE

16-Bit Internal DMA Port for High Speed Access to

On-Chip Memory (Mode Selectable)

4 MByte Byte Memory Interface for Storage of Data

Tables and Program Overlays

8-Bit DMA to Byte Memory for Transparent Program

and Data Memory Transfers (Mode Selectable)

I/O Memory Interface with 2048 Locations Supports

Parallel Peripherals (Mode Selectable)

Programmable Memory Strobe and Separate I/O Memory

Space Permits “Glueless” System Design

(Mode Selectable)

Programmable Wait State Generation

Two Double-Buffered Serial Ports with Companding

Hardware and Automatic Data Buffering

The ADSP-2186 combines the ADSP-2100 family base archi-

tecture (three computational units, data address generators and

a program sequencer) with two serial ports, a 16-bit internal

DMA port, a byte DMA port, a programmable timer, Flag I/O,

extensive interrupt capabilities and on-chip program and data

memory.

The ADSP-2186 integrates 40K bytes of on-chip memory con-

figured as 8K words (24-bit) of program RAM and 8K words

(16-bit) of data RAM. Power-down circuitry is also provided to

meet the low power needs of battery operated portable equip-

ment. The ADSP-2186 is available in 100-lead LQFP and

144-Ball Mini-BGA packages.

In addition, the ADSP-2186 supports new instructions, which

include bit manipulations—bit set, bit clear, bit toggle, bit test—

new ALU constants, new multiplication instruction (x squared),

biased rounding, result free ALU operations, I/O memory trans-

fers and global interrupt masking for increased flexibility.

ICE-Port is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.

All trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

REV. B

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and

reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its

use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties

which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or

otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.

One Technology Way, P.O. Box 9106, Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A.

Tel: 781/329-4700

Fax: 781/326-8703

World Wide Web Site: http://www.analog.com

ADSP-2186

The EZ-ICE performs a full range of functions, including:

Fabricated in a high speed, double metal, low power, CMOS

process, the ADSP-2186 operates with a 25 ns instruction cycle

time. Every instruction can execute in a single processor cycle.

• In-target operation

• Up to 20 breakpoints

• Single-step or full-speed operation

The ADSP-2186’s flexible architecture and comprehensive

instruction set allow the processor to perform multiple opera-

tions in parallel. In one processor cycle the ADSP-2186 can:

• Registers and memory values can be examined and altered

• PC upload and download functions

• Instruction-level emulation of program booting and execution

• Complete assembly and disassembly of instructions

• C source-level debugging

• Generate the next program address

• Fetch the next instruction

• Perform one or two data moves

• Update one or two data address pointers

• Perform a computational operation

See Designing An EZ-ICE-Compatible Target System in the

ADSP-2100 Family EZ-Tools Manual (ADSP-2181 sections), as

well as the Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE Probe section

of this data sheet, for the exact specifications of the EZ-ICE

target board connector.

This takes place while the processor continues to:

• Receive and transmit data through the two serial ports

• Receive and/or transmit data through the internal DMA port

• Receive and/or transmit data through the byte DMA port

• Decrement timer

Additional Information

This data sheet provides a general overview of ADSP-2186

functionality. For additional information on the architecture and

instruction set of the processor, refer to the ADSP-218x DSP

Hardware Reference. For more information about the develop-

ment tools, refer to the ADSP-2100 Family Development Tools

Data Sheet.

Development System

The ADSP-2100 Family Development Software, a complete set

of tools for software and hardware system development, sup-

ports the ADSP-2186. The System Builder provides a high level

method for defining the architecture of systems under develop-

ment. The Assembler has an algebraic syntax that is easy to

program and debug. The Linker combines object files into an

executable file. The Simulator provides an interactive instruction-

level simulation with a reconfigurable user interface to display

different portions of the hardware environment. A PROM

Splitter generates PROM programmer compatible files. The

C Compiler, based on the Free Software Foundation’s GNU

C Compiler, generates ADSP-2186 assembly source code.

The source code debugger allows programs to be corrected in

the C environment. The Runtime Library includes over 100

ANSI-standard mathematical and DSP-specific functions.

ARCHITECTURE OVERVIEW

The ADSP-2186 instruction set provides flexible data moves

and multifunction (one or two data moves with a computation)

instructions. Every instruction can be executed in a single

processor cycle. The ADSP-2186 assembly language uses an

algebraic syntax for ease of coding and readability. A compre-

hensive set of development tools supports program development.

POWER-DOWN

CONTROL

FULL MEMORY

MODE

MEMORY

PROGRAMMABLE

DATA ADDRESS

GENERATORS

I/O

EXTERNAL

ADDRESS

BUS

PROGRAM

SEQUENCER

8K

؋

24

8K

؋

16

DATA

AND

FLAGS

The EZ-KIT Lite is a hardware/software kit offering a complete

development environment for the ADSP-218x family: an ADSP-

218x-based evaluation board with PC monitor software plus

Assembler, Linker, Simulator and PROM Splitter software. The

ADSP-218x EZ-KIT Lite is a low cost, easy to use hardware

platform on which you can quickly get started with your DSP

software design. The EZ-KIT Lite includes the following features:

PROGRAM

MEMORY

DAG 2

DAG 1

MEMORY

EXTERNAL

DATA

BUS

PROGRAM MEMORY ADDRESS

DATA MEMORY ADDRESS

BYTE DMA

CONTROLLER

PROGRAM MEMORY DATA

DATA MEMORY DATA

OR

EXTERNAL

DATA

BUS

• 75 MHz ADSP-2189M

• Full 16-bit Stereo Audio I/O with AD73322 Codec

• RS-232 Interface

• EZ-ICE Connector for Emulator Control

• DSP Demo Programs

ARITHMETIC UNITS

SERIAL PORTS

SPORT 0 SPORT 1

TIMER

INTERNAL

DMA

PORT

ALU

SHIFTER

MAC

ADSP-2100 BASE

ARCHITECTURE

HOST MODE

Figure 1. Block Diagram

• Evaluation Suite of Visual DSP

Figure 1 is an overall block diagram of the ADSP-2186. The

processor contains three independent computational units: the

ALU, the multiplier/accumulator (MAC) and the shifter. The

computational units process 16-bit data directly and have provi-

sions to support multiprecision computations. The ALU per-

forms a standard set of arithmetic and logic operations; division

primitives are also supported. The MAC performs single-cycle

multiply, multiply/add and multiply/subtract operations with

40 bits of accumulation. The shifter performs logical and arith-

metic shifts, normalization, denormalization and derive expo-

nent operations.

The ADSP-218x EZ-ICE Emulator aids in the hardware debug-

ging of an ADSP-2186 system. The emulator consists of hard-

ware, host computer resident software, and the target board

connector. The ADSP-2186 integrates on-chip emulation sup-

port with a 14-pin ICE-Port interface. This interface provides a

simpler target board connection that requires fewer mechanical

clearance considerations than other ADSP-2100 Family EZ-

ICEs. The ADSP-2186 device need not be removed from the

target system when using the EZ-ICE, nor are any adapters

needed. Due to the small footprint of the EZ-ICE connector,

emulation can be supported in final board designs.

The shifter can be used to efficiently implement numeric

format control including multiword and block floating-point

representations.

SoundPort and EZ-ICE are registered trademarks of Analog Devices, Inc.

REV. B

–2–

ADSP-2186

serial interface with optional companding in hardware and a wide

variety of framed or frameless data transmit and receive modes of

operation.

The internal result (R) bus connects the computational units so

the output of any unit may be the input of any unit on the next

cycle.

Each port can generate an internal programmable serial clock or

accept an external serial clock.

A powerful program sequencer and two dedicated data address

generators ensure efficient delivery of operands to these compu-

tational units. The sequencer supports conditional jumps, sub-

routine calls and returns in a single cycle. With internal loop

counters and loop stacks, the ADSP-2186 executes looped code

with zero overhead; no explicit jump instructions are required to

maintain loops.

The ADSP-2186 provides up to 13 general-purpose flag pins.

The data input and output pins on SPORT1 can be alternatively

configured as an input flag and an output flag. In addition, eight

flags are programmable as inputs or outputs, and three flags are

always outputs.

Two data address generators (DAGs) provide addresses for

simultaneous dual operand fetches from data memory and pro-

gram memory. Each DAG maintains and updates four address

pointers. Whenever the pointer is used to access data (indirect

addressing), it is post-modified by the value of one of four pos-

sible modify registers. A length value may be associated with

each pointer to implement automatic modulo addressing for

circular buffers.

A programmable interval timer generates periodic interrupts. A

16-bit count register (TCOUNT) decrements every n processor

cycle, where n is a scaling value stored in an 8-bit register

(TSCALE). When the value of the count register reaches zero,

an interrupt is generated and the count register is reloaded from

a 16-bit period register (TPERIOD).

Serial Ports

The ADSP-2186 incorporates two complete synchronous serial

ports (SPORT0 and SPORT1) for serial communications and

multiprocessor communication.

Efficient data transfer is achieved with the use of five internal

buses:

• Program Memory Address (PMA) Bus

• Program Memory Data (PMD) Bus

• Data Memory Address (DMA) Bus

• Data Memory Data (DMD) Bus

• Result (R) Bus

Here is a brief list of the capabilities of the ADSP-2186 SPORTs.

For additional information on Serial Ports, refer to the ADSP-218x

DSP Hardware Reference.

• SPORTs are bidirectional and have a separate, double-buffered

transmit and receive section.

The two address buses (PMA and DMA) share a single external

address bus, allowing memory to be expanded off-chip, and the

two data buses (PMD and DMD) share a single external data

bus. Byte memory space and I/O memory space also share the

external buses.

• SPORTs can use an external serial clock or generate their own

serial clock internally.

• SPORTs have independent framing for the receive and trans-

mit sections. Sections run in a frameless mode or with frame

synchronization signals internally or externally generated.

Frame sync signals are active high or inverted, with either of

two pulsewidths and timings.

Program memory can store both instructions and data, permit-

ting the ADSP-2186 to fetch two operands in a single cycle, one

from program memory and one from data memory. The ADSP-

2186 can fetch an operand from program memory and the next

instruction in the same cycle.

• SPORTs support serial data word lengths from 3 to 16 bits and

provide optional A-law and µ-law companding according to

CCITT recommendation G.711.

When configured in host mode, the ADSP-2186 has a 16-bit

Internal DMA port (IDMA port) for connection to external

systems. The IDMA port is made up of 16 data/address pins and

five control pins. The IDMA port provides transparent, direct

access to the DSPs on-chip program and data RAM.

• SPORT receive and transmit sections can generate unique

interrupts on completing a data word transfer.

• SPORTs can receive and transmit an entire circular buffer of

data with only one overhead cycle per data word. An interrupt

is generated after a data buffer transfer.

An interface to low cost byte-wide memory is provided by the

Byte DMA port (BDMA port). The BDMA port is bidirectional

and can directly address up to four megabytes of external RAM

or ROM for off-chip storage of program overlays or data tables.

• SPORT0 has a multichannel interface to selectively receive and

transmit a 24- or 32-word, time-division multiplexed, serial

bitstream.

The byte memory and I/O memory space interface supports

slow memories and I/O memory-mapped peripherals with

programmable wait state generation. External devices can gain

control of external buses with bus request/grant signals (BR,

BGH and BG). One execution mode (Go Mode) allows the

ADSP-2186 to continue running from on-chip memory. Normal

execution mode requires the processor to halt while buses are

granted.

• SPORT1 can be configured to have two external interrupts

(IRQ0 and IRQ1) and the Flag In and Flag Out signals. The

internally generated serial clock may still be used in this

configuration.

PIN DESCRIPTIONS

The ADSP-2186 is available in a 100-lead LQFP package and a

144-Ball Mini-BGA package. In order to maintain maximum

functionality and reduce package size and pin count, some serial

port, programmable flag, interrupt and external bus pins have dual,

multiplexed functionality. The external bus pins are configured

during RESET only, while serial port pins are software config-

urable during program execution. Flag and interrupt function-

ality is retained concurrently on multiplexed pins. In cases

The ADSP-2186 can respond to eleven interrupts. There are up

to six external interrupts (one edge-sensitive, two level-sensitive

and three configurable) and seven internal interrupts generated

by the timer, the serial ports (SPORTs), the Byte DMA port

and the power-down circuitry. There is also a master RESET

signal. The two serial ports provide a complete synchronous

REV. B

–3–

ADSP-2186

where pin functionality is reconfigurable, the default state is

shown in plain text; alternate functionality is shown in italics.

Memory Interface Pins

The ADSP-2186 processor can be used in one of two modes:

Full Memory Mode, which allows BDMA operation with full

external overlay memory and I/O capability, or Host Mode,

which allows IDMA operation with limited external addressing

capabilities. The operating mode is determined by the state of

the Mode C pin during RESET and cannot be changed while

the processor is running.

Common-Mode Pins

#

of

Input/

Out-

Name(s)

Pins put

Function

RESET

BR

1

I

Processor Reset Input

Bus Request Input

Bus Grant Output

Full Memory Mode Pins (Mode C = 0)

BG

O

I

#

of

BGH

DMS

PMS

IOMS

BMS

CMS

RD

Bus Grant Hung Output

Data Memory Select Output

Program Memory Select Output

Memory Select Output

Byte Memory Select Output

Combined Memory Select Output

Memory Read Enable Output

Memory Write Enable Output

Input/

Pin Name Pins Output Function

A13:0

D23:0

14

24

O

Address Output Pins for Pro-

gram, Data, Byte and I/O Spaces

Data I/O Pins for Program,

Data, Byte and I/O Spaces

(8 MSBs Are Also Used as

Byte Memory Addresses)

I/O

WR

IRQ2/

Edge- or Level-Sensitive

Interrupt Request¹

Host Mode Pins (Mode C = 1)

PF7

IRQL0/

PF5

IRQL1/

PF6

IRQE/

PF4

I/O

I

I/O

I

I/O

I

I/O

Programmable I/O Pin

#

of

1

Level-Sensitive Interrupt Requests¹

Programmable I/O Pin

Input/

Pin Name Pins Output Function

Level-Sensitive Interrupt Requests¹

Programmable I/O Pin

Edge-Sensitive Interrupt Requests¹

Programmable I/O Pin

IAD15:0

A0

16

1

I/O

O

IDMA Port Address/Data Bus

Address Pin for External I/O,

Program, Data, or Byte Access

PF3

Mode C/

1

I/O

I

Programmable I/O Pin

Mode Select Input—Checked

only During RESET

Programmable I/O Pin During

Normal Operation

Mode Select Input—Checked

only During RESET

Programmable I/O Pin During

Normal Operation

Mode Select Input—Checked

only During RESET

Programmable I/O Pin During

Normal Operation

D23:8

16

I/O

Data I/O Pins for Program,

Data Byte and I/O Spaces

IDMA Write Enable

IDMA Read Enable

IDMA Address Latch Pin

IDMA Select

IWR

IRD

IAL

IS

1

I

PF2

I/O

Mode B/

1

I

IACK

O

IDMA Port Acknowledge

PF1

I/O

In Host Mode, external peripheral addresses can be decoded using the A0,

CMS, PMS, DMS, and IOMS signals.

Mode A/

I

Terminating Unused Pin

The following table shows the recommendations for terminating

unused pins.

PF0

I/O

CLKIN, XTAL 2

CLKOUT

SPORT0

SPORT1

IRQ1:0

FI, FO

I

O

I/O

Clock or Quartz Crystal Input

Processor Clock Output

Serial Port I/O Pins

Pin Terminations

1

5

I/O

3-State

(Z)

Hi-Z*

Caused

By

Serial Port I/O Pins

Name

Reset

State

Unused

Configuration

Edge- or Level-Sensitive Interrupts,

Flag In, Flag Out²

XTAL

CLKOUT

A13:1 or

IAD12:0

A0

D23:8

D7 or

IWR

D6 or

IRD

D5 or

IAL

I

O

Float

PWD

1

3

6

10

11

20

9

I

Power-Down Control Input

Power-Down Control Output

Output Flags

Power (LQFP)

Ground (LQFP)

Power (Mini-BGA)

Ground (Mini-BGA)

For Emulation Use

O

PWDACK

FL0, FL1, FL2

V_DD

GND

V_DD

O

I

O (Z)

I/O (Z)

O (Z)

I/O (Z)

I

I/O (Z)

I

I/O (Z)

I

Hi-Z

I

Hi-Z

I

Hi-Z

I

BR, EBR

IS

Float

BR, EBR

Float

High (Inactive)

Float

High (Inactive)

Float

GND

EZ-Port

NOTES

I

I/O

BR, EBR

¹Interrupt/Flag pins retain both functions concurrently. If IMASK is set to

enable the corresponding interrupts, the DSP will vector to the appropriate

interrupt vector address when the pin is asserted, either by external devices or

set as a programmable flag.

Low (Inactive)

²SPORT configuration determined by the DSP System Control Register. Soft-

ware configurable.

REV. B

–4–

ADSP-2186

Pin Terminations (Continued)

Setting Memory Mode

Memory Mode selection for the ADSP-2186 is made during

chip reset through the use of the Mode C pin. This pin is multi-

plexed with the DSP’s PF2 pin, so care must be taken in how

the mode selection is made. The two methods for selecting the

value of Mode C are passive and active.

I/O

3-State

(Z)

Hi-Z*

Caused

By

Name

Reset

State

Unused

Configuration

D4 or

IS

I/O (Z)

I

I/O (Z)

Hi-Z

I

Hi-Z

BR, EBR

Float

High (Inactive)

Float

High (Inactive)

Float

Input = High (Inactive)

or Program as Output,

Set to 1, Let Float

Input = High (Inactive)

or Program as Output,

Set to 1, Let Float

Input = High (Inactive)

or Program as Output,

Set to 1, Let Float

Input = High (Inactive)

or Program as Output,

Set to 1, Let Float

Input = High or Low,

Output = Float

High or Low

Float

Passive configuration involves the use of a pull-up or pull-down

resistor connected to the Mode C pin. To minimize power

consumption, or if the PF2 pin is to be used as an output in the

DSP application, a weak pull-up or pull-down, on the order of

100 kΩ, can be used. This value should be sufficient to pull the

pin to the desired level and still allow the pin to operate as a

programmable flag output without undue strain on the processor’s

output driver. For minimum power consumption during

power-down, reconfigure PF2 to be an input, as the pull-up or

pull-down will hold the pin in a known state, and will not switch.

D3 or

IACK

D2:0 or

IAD15:13

PMS

DMS

BMS

IOMS

CMS

RD

WR

BR

BG

BGH

IRQ2/PF7

BR, EBR

I/O (Z)

O (Z)

I

Hi-Z

O

I

O

I

BR, EBR

IS

BR, EBR

Active configuration involves the use of a three-stateable exter-

nal driver connected to the Mode C pin. A driver’s output en-

able should be connected to the DSP’s RESET signal such that

it only drives the PF2 pin when RESET is active (low). After

RESET is deasserted, the driver should three-state, thus allow-

ing full use of the PF2 pin as either an input or output.

O (Z)

O

I/O (Z)

EE

To minimize power consumption during power-down, configure

the programmable flag as an output when connected to a three-

stated buffer. This ensures that the pin will be held at a constant

level and not oscillate should the three-state driver’s level hover

around the logic switching point.

IRQL1/PF6 I/O (Z)

IRQL0/PF5 I/O (Z)

I

Interrupts

IRQE/PF4

I/O (Z)

I/O

The interrupt controller allows the processor to respond to the

eleven possible interrupts and reset with minimum overhead.

The ADSP-2186 provides four dedicated external interrupt

input pins, IRQ2, IRQL0, IRQL1 and IRQE (shared with the

PF7:4 pins). In addition, SPORT1 may be reconfigured for

IRQ0, IRQ1, FI and FO, for a total of six external interrupts.

The ADSP-2186 also supports internal interrupts from the

timer, the byte DMA port, the two serial ports, software and the

power-down control circuit. The interrupt levels are internally

prioritized and individually maskable (except power-down and

RESET). The IRQ2, IRQ0 and IRQ1 input pins can be pro-

grammed to be either level- or edge-sensitive. IRQL0 and IRQL1

are level-sensitive and IRQE is edge-sensitive. The priorities and

vector addresses of all interrupts are shown in Table I.

SCLK0

RFS0

DR0

TFS0

DT0

I/O

I

I/O

O

I

O

I

SCLK1

I/O

Input = High or Low,

Output = Float

High or Low

Float

RFS1/IRQ0 I/O

DR1/FI

TFS1/IRQ1 I/O

I

O

I

DT1/FO

EE

O

I

Table I. Interrupt Priority and Interrupt Vector Addresses

EBR

I

EBG

ERESET

EMS

EINT

ECLK

ELIN

ELOUT

O

I

O

I

O

I

O

I

Source Of Interrupt

Interrupt Vector Address (Hex)

Reset (or Power-Up with

PUCR = 1)

Power-Down (Nonmaskable) 002C

0000 (Highest Priority)

IRQ2

0004

0008

000C

0010

0014

0018

001C

O

IRQL1

NOTES

*Hi-Z = High Impedance.

IRQL0

1.If the CLKOUT pin is not used, turn it OFF, using CLKODIS in SPORT0

autobuffer control register.

2.If the Interrupt/Programmable Flag pins are not used, there are two options:

Option 1: When these pins are configured as INPUTS at reset and function as

interrupts and input flag pins, pull the pins High (inactive).

Option 2: Program the unused pins as OUTPUTS, set them to 1, and let them

float.

3.All bidirectional pins have three-stated outputs. When the pins are configured

as an output, the output is Hi-Z (high impedance) when inactive.

4.CLKIN, RESET, and PF3:0 are not included in the table because these pins

must be used.

SPORT0 Transmit

SPORT0 Receive

IRQE

BDMA Interrupt

SPORT1 Transmit or IRQ1 0020

SPORT1 Receive or IRQ0

Timer

0024

0028 (Lowest Priority)

REV. B

–5–

ADSP-2186

Interrupt routines can either be nested, with higher priority

interrupts taking precedence, or processed sequentially. Inter-

rupts can be masked or unmasked with the IMASK register.

Individual interrupt requests are logically ANDed with the bits

in IMASK; the highest priority unmasked interrupt is then

selected. The power-down interrupt is nonmaskable.

•

Support for crystal operation includes disabling the oscillator

to save power (the processor automatically waits approxi-

mately 4096 CLKIN cycles for the crystal oscillator to start

or stabilize), and letting the oscillator run to allow 200 CLKIN

cycle start-up.

•

Power-down is initiated by either the power-down pin (PWD)

or the software power-down force bit.

The ADSP-2186 masks all interrupts for one instruction cycle

following the execution of an instruction that modifies the

IMASK register. This does not affect serial port autobuffering

or DMA transfers.

Interrupt support allows an unlimited number of instructions

to be executed before optionally powering down. The

power-down interrupt also can be used as a nonmaskable,

edge- sensitive interrupt.

The interrupt control register, ICNTL, controls interrupt nest-

ing and defines the IRQ0, IRQ1 and IRQ2 external interrupts to

be either edge- or level-sensitive. The IRQE pin is an external

edge-sensitive interrupt and can be forced and cleared. The

IRQL0 and IRQL1 pins are external level-sensitive interrupts.

•

Context clear/save control allows the processor to continue

where it left off or start with a clean context when leaving the

power-down state.

•

The RESET pin also can be used to terminate power-down.

The IFC register is a write-only register used to force and clear

interrupts.

Power-down acknowledge pin indicates when the processor

has entered power-down.

On-chip stacks preserve the processor status and are automati-

cally maintained during interrupt handling. The stacks are twelve

levels deep to allow interrupt, loop and subroutine nesting.

Idle

When the ADSP-2186 is in the Idle Mode, the processor waits

indefinitely in a low power state until an interrupt occurs. When

an unmasked interrupt occurs, it is serviced; execution then

continues with the instruction following the IDLE instruction.

In Idle mode IDMA, BDMA and autobuffer cycle steals still

occur.

The following instructions allow global enable or disable servic-

ing of the interrupts (including power-down), regardless of the

state of IMASK. Disabling the interrupts does not affect serial

port autobuffering or DMA.

ENA INTS;

Slow Idle

DIS INTS;

The IDLE instruction is enhanced on the ADSP-2186 to let the

processor’s internal clock signal be slowed, further reducing

power consumption. The reduced clock frequency, a pro-

grammable fraction of the normal clock rate, is specified by a

selectable divisor given in the IDLE instruction. The format of

the instruction is

When the processor is reset, interrupt servicing is enabled.

LOW POWER OPERATION

The ADSP-2186 has three low power modes that significantly

reduce the power dissipation when the device operates under

standby conditions. These modes are:

IDLE (n);

• Power-Down

• Idle

where n = 16, 32, 64 or 128. This instruction keeps the proces-

sor fully functional, but operating at the slower clock rate. While

it is in this state, the processor’s other internal clock signals,

such as SCLK, CLKOUT and timer clock, are reduced by the

same ratio. The default form of the instruction, when no clock

divisor is given, is the standard IDLE instruction.

• Slow Idle

The CLKOUT pin may also be disabled to reduce external

power dissipation.

When the IDLE (n) instruction is used, it effectively slows down

the processor’s internal clock and thus its response time to

incoming interrupts. The one-cycle response time of the stan-

dard idle state is increased by n, the clock divisor. When an

enabled interrupt is received, the ADSP-2186 will remain in the

idle state for up to a maximum of n processor cycles (n = 16, 32,

64, or 128) before resuming normal operation.

Power-Down

The ADSP-2186 processor has a low power feature that lets the

processor enter a very low power dormant state through hard-

ware or software control. Following is a brief list of power-down

features. Refer to the ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference,

“System Interface” chapter, for detailed information about the

power-down feature.

When the IDLE (n) instruction is used in systems that have an

externally generated serial clock (SCLK), the serial clock rate

may be faster than the processor’s reduced internal clock rate.

Under these conditions, interrupts must not be generated at a

faster rate than can be serviced, due to the additional time the

processor takes to come out of the idle state (a maximum of n

processor cycles).

•

Quick recovery from power-down. The processor begins

executing instructions in as few as 200 CLKIN cycles.

•

Support for an externally generated TTL or CMOS proces-

sor clock. The external clock can continue running during

power-down without affecting the lowest power rating and

200 CLKIN cycle recovery.

REV. B

–6–

ADSP-2186

SYSTEM INTERFACE

Clock Signals

Figure 2 shows typical basic system configurations with the

ADSP-2186, two serial devices, a byte-wide EPROM and optional

external program and data overlay memories (mode selectable).

Programmable wait state generation allows the processor to

connect easily to slow peripheral devices. The ADSP-2186 also

provides four external interrupts and two serial ports or six

external interrupts and one serial port. Host Memory Mode

allows access to the full external data bus, but limits addressing

to a single address bit (A0). Additional system peripherals can

be added in this mode through the use of external hardware to

generate and latch address signals.

The ADSP-2186 can be clocked by either a crystal or a TTL-

compatible clock signal.

The CLKIN input cannot be halted, changed during operation

or operated below the specified frequency during normal operation.

The only exception is while the processor is in the power-down

state. For additional information on this power-down feature,

refer to the ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference.

If an external clock is used, it should be a TTL-compatible

signal running at half the instruction rate. The signal is con-

nected to the processor’s CLKIN input. When an external clock

is used, the XTAL input must be left unconnected.

FULL MEMORY MODE

The ADSP-2186 uses an input clock with a frequency equal to

half the instruction rate; a 20.00 MHz input clock yields a 25 ns

processor cycle (which is equivalent to 40 MHz). Normally,

instructions are executed in a single processor cycle. All device

timing is relative to the internal instruction clock rate, which is

indicated by the CLKOUT signal when enabled.

ADSP-2186

A_13–0

1/2x CLOCK

OR

CRYSTAL

14

CLKIN

ADDR13–0

XTAL

D_23–16

D_15–8

A0–A21

FL0–2

PF3

BYTE

24

MEMORY

DATA

DATA23–0

IRQ2/PF7

IRQE/PF4

IRQL0/PF5

IRQL1/PF6

CS

BMS

Because the ADSP-2186 includes an on-chip oscillator circuit,

an external crystal may be used. The crystal should be con-

nected across the CLKIN and XTAL pins, with two capacitors

connected as shown in Figure 3. Capacitor values are dependent

on crystal type and should be specified by the crystal manufacturer.

A parallel-resonant, fundamental frequency, microprocessor-

grade crystal should be used.

A_10–0

D_23–8

ADDR

DATA

MODE C/PF2

MODE B/PF1

MODE A/PF0

I/O SPACE

(PERIPHERALS)

2048 LOCATIONS

CS

IOMS

A_13–0

D_23–0

SPORT1

SCLK1

ADDR

DATA

OVERLAY

MEMORY

RFS1 OR IRQ0

TFS1 OR IRQ1

DT1 OR FO

DR1 OR FI

SERIAL

DEVICE

TWO 8K

PMS

DMS

CMS

PM SEGMENTS

A clock output (CLKOUT) signal is generated by the proces-

sor at the processor’s cycle rate. This can be enabled and

disabled by the CLKODIS bit in the SPORT0 Autobuffer

Control Register.

TWO 8K

SPORT0

SCLK0

RFS0

DM SEGMENTS

BR

BG

BGH

SERIAL

DEVICE

TFS0

DT0

PWD

DR0

PWDACK

HOST MEMORY MODE

ADSP-2186

CLKIN

XTAL

CLKOUT

1/2x CLOCK

OR

CRYSTAL

CLKIN

ADDR0

XTAL

1

DSP

FL0–2

PF3

16

DATA23–8

IRQ2/PF7

IRQE/PF4

IRQL0/PF5

IRQL1/PF6

Figure 3. External Crystal Connections

BMS

Reset

MODE C/PF2

MODE B/PF1

MODE A/PF0

The RESET signal initiates a master reset of the ADSP-2186.

The RESET signal must be asserted during the power-up

sequence to assure proper initialization. RESET during initial

power-up must be held long enough to allow the internal clock

to stabilize. If RESET is activated any time after power-up, the

clock continues to run and does not require stabilization time.

IOMS

SPORT1

SCLK1

RFS1 OR IRQ0

TFS1 OR IRQ1

DT1 OR FO

DR1 OR FI

SERIAL

DEVICE

PMS

DMS

CMS

SPORT0

SCLK0

RFS0

TFS0

DT0

The power-up sequence is defined as the total time required for

the crystal oscillator circuit to stabilize after a valid V_DDis

applied to the processor, and for the internal phase-locked loop

(PLL) to lock onto the specific crystal frequency. A minimum of

2000 CLKIN cycles ensures that the PLL has locked, but does

not include the crystal oscillator start-up time. During this

power-up sequence the RESET signal should be held low. On

any subsequent resets, the RESET signal must meet the mini-

SERIAL

DEVICE

BR

BG

BGH

DR0

IDMA PORT

IRD/D6

IWR/D7

IS/D4

IAL/D5

IACK/D3

IAD15–0

PWD

PWDACK

SYSTEM

INTERFACE

OR

␮CONTROLLER

16

Figure 2. Basic System Configuration

mum pulsewidth specification, t_RSP

.

The RESET input contains some hysteresis; however, if you use

an RC circuit to generate your RESET signal, the use of an

external Schmidt trigger is recommended.

REV. B

–7–

ADSP-2186

The master reset sets all internal stack pointers to the empty

stack condition, masks all interrupts and clears the MSTAT

register. When RESET is released, if there is no pending bus

request and the chip is configured for booting, the boot-loading

sequence is performed. The first instruction is fetched from

on-chip program memory location 0x0000 once boot loading

completes.

There are 8K words of memory accessible internally when the

PMOVLAY register is set to 0. When PMOVLAY is set to some-

thing other than 0, external accesses occur at addresses 0x2000

through 0x3FFF. The external address is generated as shown in

Table II.

Table II. PMOVLAY Addressing

PMOVLAY Memory A13

A12:0

MEMORY ARCHITECTURE

0

1

Reserved Not Applicable Not Applicable

The ADSP-2186 provides a variety of memory and peripheral

interface options. The key functional groups are Program Memory,

Data Memory, Byte Memory and I/O.

External

Overlay 1

13 LSBs of Address

Between 0x2000

and 0x3FFF

0

1

Program Memory (Full Memory Mode) is a 24-bit-wide space

for storing both instruction opcodes and data. The ADSP-2186

has 8K words of Program Memory RAM on chip, and the capabil-

ity of accessing up to two 8K external memory overlay spaces using

the external data bus. Both an instruction opcode and a data value

can be read from on-chip program memory in a single cycle.

2

External

Overlay 2

13 LSBs of Address

Between 0x2000

and 0x3FFF

NOTE: Addresses 0x2000 through 0x3FFF should not be accessed when

PMOVLAY = 0.

This organization provides for two external 8K overlay segments

using only the normal 14 address bits, which allows for simple

program overlays using one of the two external segments in

place of the on-chip memory. Care must be taken in using this

overlay space in that the processor core (i.e., the sequencer)

does not take into account the PMOVLAY register value. For

example, if a loop operation is occurring on one of the external

overlays and the program changes to another external overlay or

internal memory, an incorrect loop operation could occur. In

addition, care must be taken in interrupt service routines as the

overlay registers are not automatically saved and restored on the

processor mode stack.

Data Memory (Full Memory Mode) is a 16-bit-wide space

used for the storage of data variables and for memory-mapped

control registers. The ADSP-2186 has 8K words on Data

Memory RAM on chip, consisting of 8160 user-accessible

locations and 32 memory-mapped registers. Support also exists

for up to two 8K external memory overlay spaces through the

external data bus.

Byte Memory (Full Memory Mode) provides access to an

8-bit wide memory space through the Byte DMA (BDMA) port.

The Byte Memory interface provides access to 4 MBytes of

memory by utilizing eight data lines as additional address lines.

This gives the BDMA Port an effective 22-bit address range. On

power-up, the DSP can automatically load bootstrap code from

byte memory.

When Mode B = 1, booting is disabled and overlay memory is

disabled (PMOVLAY must be 0). Figure 5 shows the memory

map in this configuration.

I/O Space (Full Memory Mode) allows access to 2048 loca-

tions of 16-bit-wide data. It is intended to be used to communi-

cate with parallel peripheral devices such as data converters and

external registers or latches.

PROGRAM MEMORY

ADDRESS

0x3FFF

RESERVED

0x2000

0x1FFF

Program Memory

The ADSP-2186 contains an 8K × 24 on-chip program RAM.

The on-chip program memory is designed to allow up to two

accesses each cycle so that all operations can complete in a

single cycle. In addition, the ADSP-2186 allows the use of 8K

external memory overlays.

8K EXTERNAL

0x0000

Figure 5. Program Memory (Mode B = 1)

Data Memory

The ADSP-2186 has 8160 16-bit words of internal data memory.

In addition, the ADSP-2186 allows the use of 8K external memory

overlays. Figure 6 shows the organization of the data memory.

The program memory space organization is controlled by the

Mode B pin and the PMOVLAY register. Normally, the ADSP-

2186 is configured with Mode B = 0 and program memory

organized as shown in Figure 4.

DATA MEMORY

ADDRESS

0x3FFF

PROGRAM MEMORY

ADDRESS

0x3FFF

32 MEMORY–

MAPPED REGISTERS

EXTERNAL 8K

(PMOVLAY = 1 or 2,

MODE B = 0)

0x3FEO

0x3FDF

INTERNAL

8160 WORDS

0x2000

0x1FFF

0x2000

0x1FFF

EXTERNAL 8K

(DMOVLAY = 1, 2)

8K INTERNAL

0x0000

Figure 6. Data Memory

Figure 4. Program Memory (Mode B = 0)

REV. B

–8–

ADSP-2186

There are 8160 words of memory accessible internally when the

DMOVLAY register is set to 0. When DMOVLAY is set to

something other than 0, external accesses occur at addresses

0x0000 through 0x1FFF. The external address is generated as

shown in Table III.

The CMS pin functions as the other memory select signals, with

the same timing and bus request logic. A 1 in the enable bit

causes the assertion of the CMS signal at the same time as the

selected memory select signal. All enable bits, except the BMS

bit, default to 1 at reset.

Table III. Addressing

Boot Memory Select (BMS) Disable

The ADSP-2186 also lets you boot the processor from one

external memory space while using a different external memory

space for BDMA transfers during normal operation. You can

use the CMS to select the first external memory space for BDMA

transfers and BMS to select the second external memory space

for booting. The BMS signal can be disabled by setting Bit 3 of

the System Control Register to 1. The System Control Register

is illustrated in Figure 7.

DMOVLAY Memory A13

A12:0

0

1

Reserved Not Applicable Not Applicable

External

13 LSBs of Address

Between 0x0000

and 0x1FFF

13 LSBs of Address

Between 0x0000

and 0x1FFF

Overlay 1

0

1

2

External

Overlay 2

SYSTEM CONTROL REGISTER

15 14 13 12 11 10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

1

This organization allows for two external 8K overlays using only

the normal 14 address bits. All internal accesses complete in one

cycle. Accesses to external memory are timed using the wait states

specified by the DWAIT register.

0

1

0

DM (0

؋

3FFF)

RESERVED

SET TO ZERO

PWAIT

PROGRAM MEMORY

WAIT STATES

RESERVED

SET TO ZERO

SPORT0 ENABLE

1 = ENABLED,

0 = DISABLED

I/O Space (Full Memory Mode)

BMS ENABLE

0 = ENABLED,

1 = DISABLED

The ADSP-2186 supports an additional external memory space

called I/O space. This space is designed to support simple con-

nections to peripherals or to bus interface ASIC data registers.

I/O space supports 2048 locations. The lower eleven bits of the

external address bus are used; the upper three bits are undefined.

Two instructions were added to the core ADSP-2100 Family

instruction set to read from and write to I/O memory space. The

I/O space also has four dedicated three-bit wait state registers,

IOWAIT0-3, that specify up to seven wait states to be automati-

cally generated for each of four regions. The wait states act on

address ranges as shown in Table IV.

SPORT1 ENABLE

1 = ENABLED,

0 = DISABLED

SPORT1 CONFIGURE

1 = SERIAL PORT

0 = FI, FO, IRQ0, IRQ1, SCLK

Figure 7. System Control Register

Byte Memory

The byte memory space is a bidirectional, 8-bit-wide, external

memory space used to store programs and data. Byte memory is

accessed using the BDMA feature. The BDMA Control Register is

shown in Figure 8. The byte memory space consists of 256 pages,

each of which is 16K × 8.

Table IV.

BDMA CONTROL

Address Range

Wait State Register

15 14 13 12 11 10

9

8

7

6

5

0

4

0

3

1

2

0

1

0

0x000–0x1FF

0x200–0x3FF

0x400–0x5FF

0x600–0x7FF

IOWAIT0

IOWAIT1

IOWAIT2

IOWAIT3

0

DM (0

؋

3FE3)

BTYPE

BDIR

0 = LOAD FROM BM

1 = STORE TO BM

BMPAGE

RESERVED

SET TO ZERO

BCR

Composite Memory Select (CMS)

0 = RUN DURING BDMA

1 = HALT DURING BDMA

The ADSP-2186 has a programmable memory select signal that

is useful for generating memory select signals for memories

mapped to more than one space. The CMS signal is generated

to have the same timing as each of the individual memory select

signals (PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS), but can combine their

functionality.

Figure 8. BDMA Control Register

The byte memory space on the ADSP-2186 supports read and

write operations as well as four different data formats. The byte

memory uses data bits 15:8 for data. The byte memory uses

data bits 23:16 and address bits 13:0 to create a 22-bit address.

This allows up to a 4 meg × 8 (32 megabit) ROM or RAM to be

used without glue logic. All byte memory accesses are timed by

the BMWAIT register.

Each bit in the CMSSEL register, when set, causes the CMS

signal to be asserted when the selected memory select is asserted.

For example, to use a 32K word memory to act as both program

and data memory, set the PMS and DMS bits in the CMSSEL

register and use the CMS pin to drive the chip select of the

memory and use either DMS or PMS as the additional address bit.

REV. B

–9–

ADSP-2186

Byte Memory DMA (BDMA, Full Memory Mode)

Internal Memory DMA Port (IDMA Port; Host Memory Mode)

The IDMA Port provides an efficient means of communication

between a host system and the ADSP-2186. The port is used to

access the on-chip program memory and data memory of the

DSP with only one DSP cycle per word overhead. The IDMA

port cannot, however, be used to write to the DSP’s memory-

mapped control registers.

The Byte memory DMA controller allows loading and storing of

program instructions and data using the byte memory space.

The BDMA circuit is able to access the byte memory space

while the processor is operating normally and steals only one

DSP cycle per 8-, 16- or 24-bit word transferred.

The BDMA circuit supports four different data formats that are

selected by the BTYPE register field. The appropriate number

of 8-bit accesses is done from the byte memory space to build

the word size selected. Table V shows the data formats supported

by the BDMA circuit.

The IDMA port has a 16-bit multiplexed address and data bus

and supports 24-bit program memory. The IDMA port is com-

pletely asynchronous and can be written to while the ADSP-2186

is operating at full speed.

The DSP memory address is latched and then automatically

incremented after each IDMA transaction. An external device

can therefore access a block of sequentially addressed memory

by specifying only the starting address of the block. This increases

throughput as the address does not have to be sent for each

memory access.

Table V. BDMA Data Formats

Internal

BTYPE

Memory Space

Word Size

Alignment

00

01

10

11

Program Memory

Data Memory

24

16

8

Full Word

MSBs

IDMA Port access occurs in two phases. The first is the IDMA

Address Latch cycle. When the acknowledge is asserted, a 14-bit

address and 1-bit destination type can be driven onto the bus by

an external device. The address specifies an on-chip memory

location, the destination type specifies whether it is a DM or

PM access. The falling edge of the address latch signal latches

this value into the IDMAA register.

8

LSBs

Unused bits in the 8-bit data memory formats are filled with 0s.

The BIAD register field is used to specify the starting address for

the on-chip memory involved with the transfer. The 14-bit BEAD

register specifies the starting address for the external byte memory

space. The 8-bit BMPAGE register specifies the starting page for

the external byte memory space. The BDIR register field selects

the direction of the transfer. The 14-bit BWCOUNT register

specifies the number of DSP words to transfer and initiates the

BDMA circuit transfers.

Once the address is stored, data can then either be read from or

written to the ADSP-2186’s on-chip memory. Asserting the

select line (IS) and the appropriate read or write line (IRD and

IWR respectively) signals the ADSP-2186 that a particular

transaction is required. In either case, there is a one-processor-

cycle delay for synchronization. The memory access consumes

one additional processor cycle.

BDMA accesses can cross page boundaries during sequential

addressing. A BDMA interrupt is generated on the completion

of the number of transfers specified by the BWCOUNT register.

The BWCOUNT register is updated after each transfer so it can

be used to check the status of the transfers. When it reaches

zero, the transfers have finished and a BDMA interrupt is gener-

ated. The BMPAGE and BEAD registers must not be accessed

by the DSP during BDMA operations.

Once an access has occurred, the latched address is automati-

cally incremented and another access can occur.

Through the IDMAA register, the DSP can also specify the

starting address and data format for DMA operation.

Bootstrap Loading (Booting)

The ADSP-2186 has two mechanisms to allow automatic load-

ing of the internal program memory after reset. The method for

booting is controlled by the Mode A, B and C configuration bits

as shown in Table VI. These four states can be compressed into

two-state bits by allowing an IDMA boot with Mode C = 1.

However, three bits are used to ensure future compatibility with

parts containing internal program memory ROM.

The source or destination of a BDMA transfer will always be

on-chip program or data memory, regardless of the values of

Mode B, PMOVLAY or DMOVLAY.

When the BWCOUNT register is written with a nonzero value,

the BDMA circuit starts executing byte memory accesses with

wait states set by BMWAIT. These accesses continue until the

count reaches zero. When enough accesses have occurred to

create a destination word, it is transferred to or from on-chip

memory. The transfer takes one DSP cycle. DSP accesses to

external memory have priority over BDMA byte memory

accesses.

BDMA Booting

When the MODE pins specify BDMA booting, the ADSP-2186

initiates a BDMA boot sequence when RESET is released.

The BDMA Context Reset bit (BCR) controls whether the

processor is held off while the BDMA accesses are occurring.

Setting the BCR bit to 0 allows the processor to continue opera-

tions. Setting the BCR bit to 1 causes the processor to stop

execution while the BDMA accesses are occurring, to clear the

context of the processor and start execution at address 0 when

the BDMA accesses have completed.

REV. B

–10–

ADSP-2186

Table VI. Boot Summary Table

IDMA Port Booting

The ADSP-2186 can also boot programs through its Internal

DMA port. If Mode C = 1, Mode B = 0, and Mode A = 1, the

ADSP-2186 boots from the IDMA port. The IDMA feature can

load as much on-chip memory as desired. Program execution is

held off until on-chip program memory location 0 is written to.

Mode C

Mode B

Mode A

Booting Method

0

BDMA feature is used to load

the first 32 program memory

words from the byte memory

space. Program execution is

held off until all 32 words have

been loaded. Chip is config-

ured in Full Memory Mode.

Bus Request and Bus Grant

The ADSP-2186 can relinquish control of the data and address

buses to an external device. When the external device requires

access to memory, it asserts the bus request (BR) signal. If the

ADSP-2186 is not performing an external memory access, it

responds to the active BR input in the following processor cycle by:

0

1

0

No Automatic boot operations

occur. Program execution

starts at external memory

location 0. Chip is configured

in Full Memory Mode.

BDMA can still be used but

the processor does not auto-

matically use or wait for these

operations.

• Three-stating the data and address buses and the PMS, DMS,

BMS, CMS, IOMS, RD, WR output drivers,

• Asserting the bus grant (BG) signal, and

• Halting program execution.

If Go Mode is enabled, the ADSP-2186 will not halt program

execution until it encounters an instruction that requires an

external memory access.

1

0

BDMA feature is used to load

the first 32 program memory

words from the byte memory

space. Program execution is

held off until all 32 words have

been loaded. Chip is config-

ured in Host Mode. Additional

interface hardware is required.

If the ADSP-2186 is performing an external memory access

when the external device asserts the BR signal, it will not three-

state the memory interfaces or assert the BG signal until the

processor cycle after the access completes. The instruction does

not need to be completed when the bus is granted. If a single

instruction requires two external memory accesses, the bus will

be granted between the two accesses.

When the BR signal is released, the processor releases the BG

signal, reenables the output drivers and continues program

execution from the point at which it stopped.

1

0

1

IDMA feature is used to load

any internal memory as de-

sired. Program execution is

held off until internal program

memory location 0 is written

to. Chip is configured in Host

Mode.

The bus request feature operates at all times, including when

the processor is booting and when RESET is active.

The BGH pin is asserted when the ADSP-2186 is ready to

execute an instruction but is stopped because the external bus is

already granted to another device. The other device can release

the bus by deasserting bus request. Once the bus is released, the

ADSP-2186 deasserts BG and BGH and executes the external

memory access.

The BDMA interface is set up during reset to the following

defaults when BDMA booting is specified: the BDIR, BMPAGE,

BIAD and BEAD registers are set to 0; the BTYPE register is

set to 0 to specify program memory 24-bit words; and the

BWCOUNT register is set to 32. This causes 32 words of on-chip

program memory to be loaded from byte memory. These 32

words are used to set up the BDMA to load in the remaining

program code. The BCR bit is also set to 1, which causes pro-

gram execution to be held off until all 32 words are loaded into

on-chip program memory. Execution then begins at address 0.

Flag I/O Pins

The ADSP-2186 has eight general purpose programmable input/

output flag pins. They are controlled by two memory mapped

registers. The PFTYPE register determines the direction,

1 = output and 0 = input. The PFDATA register is used to read

and write the values on the pins. Data being read from a pin

configured as an input is synchronized to the ADSP-2186’s

clock. Bits that are programmed as outputs will read the value

being output. The PF pins default to input during reset.

The ADSP-2100 Family development software (Revision 5.02

and later) fully supports the BDMA booting feature and can

generate byte memory space compatible boot code.

In addition to the programmable flags, the ADSP-2186 has five

fixed-mode flags, FI, FO, FL0, FL1 and FL2. FL0–FL2 are

dedicated output flags. FI and FO are available as an alter-

nate configuration of SPORT1.

Note: Pins PF0, PF1 and PF2 are also used for device configu-

ration during reset.

The IDLE instruction can also be used to allow the processor

to hold off execution while booting continues through the

BDMA interface. For BDMA accesses while in Host Mode, the

addresses to boot memory must be constructed externally to

the ADSP-2186. The only memory address bit provided by

the processor is A0.

REV. B

–11–

ADSP-2186

BIASED ROUNDING

where addr is an address value between 0 and 2047 and dreg is

A mode is available on the ADSP-2186 to allow biased round-

ing in addition to the normal unbiased rounding. When the

BIASRND bit is set to 0, the normal unbiased rounding opera-

tions occur. When the BIASRND bit is set to 1, biased rounding

occurs instead of the normal unbiased rounding. When operat-

ing in biased rounding mode all rounding operations with MR0

set to 0x8000 will round up, rather than only rounding up odd

MR1 values.

any of the 16 data registers.

Examples: IO(23) = AR0;

AR1 = IO(17);

Description: The I/O space read and write instructions move

data between the data registers and the I/O

memory space.

DESIGNING AN EZ-ICE-COMPATIBLE SYSTEM

For example:

The ADSP-2186 has on-chip emulation support and an

ICE-Port, a special set of pins that interface to the EZ-ICE. These

features allow in-circuit emulation without replacing the target

system processor by using only a 14-pin connection from the

target system to the EZ-ICE. Target systems must have a 14-pin

connector to accept the EZ-ICE’s in-circuit probe, a 14-pin plug.

Table VII. Biased Rounding Example

MR Value

Before RND

Biased

RND Result

Unbiased

RND Result

00-0000-8000

00-0001-8000

00-0000-8001

00-0001-8001

00-0000-7FFF

00-0001-7FFF

00-0001-8000

00-0002-8000

00-0001-8001

00-0002-8001

00-0000-7FFF

00-0001-7FFF

00-0000-8000

00-0002-8000

00-0001-8001

00-0002-8001

00-0000-7FFF

00-0001-7FFF

Emulation Reset and the Mode Pins

The Mode A, B, and C pins are located on the rising edge of the

RESET signal. However, when the emulator reset (ERESET) is

asserted by the EZ-ICE, the DSP performs a chip reset, and the

initial mode information is erased, and the logic values on the

mode pins are latched. You must take into consideration the

value of the mode pins before issuing a chip reset command

from the EZ-ICE user interface. If you are using a passive

method of maintaining mode information (as discussed in Set-

ting Memory Modes) then it does not matter that the mode

information is latched by an emulator reset. However, if you are

using the RESET pin as a method of setting the value of the

mode pins, then you have to take into consideration the effects

of an emulator reset.

This mode only has an effect when the MR0 register contains

0x8000; all other rounding operations work normally. This

mode allows more efficient implementation of bit-specified

algorithms that use biased rounding, for example the GSM

speech compression routines. Unbiased rounding is preferred

for most algorithms.

Note: BIASRND bit is Bit 12 of the SPORT0 Autobuffer

Control register.

One method of ensuring that the values located on the mode

pins is the one that is desired to construct a circuit like the one

shown in Figure 9. This circuit will force the value located on

the Mode C pin to zero; regardless if it latched via the RESET

or ERESET pin.

INSTRUCTION SET DESCRIPTION

The ADSP-2186 assembly language instruction set has an alge-

braic syntax that was designed for ease of coding and readability.

The assembly language, which takes full advantage of the

processor’s unique architecture, offers the following benefits:

• The algebraic syntax eliminates the need to remember cryptic

assembler mnemonics. For example, a typical arithmetic add

instruction, such as AR = AX0 + AY0, resembles a simple

equation.

ERESET

RESET

• Every instruction assembles into a single, 24-bit word that

can execute in a single instruction cycle.

ADSP-2186

• The syntax is a superset ADSP-2100 Family assembly lan-

guage and is completely source and object code compatible

with other family members. Programs may need to be relo-

cated to utilize on-chip memory and conform to the ADSP-

2186’s interrupt vector and reset vector map.

1k⍀

MODE A/PFO

• Sixteen condition codes are available. For conditional jump,

call, return or arithmetic instructions, the condition can be

checked and the operation executed in the same instruction

cycle.

PROGRAMMABLE I/O

Figure 9. Boot Mode Circuit

• Multifunction instructions allow parallel execution of an

arithmetic instruction with up to two fetches or one write to

processor memory space during a single instruction cycle.

See the ADSP-2100 Family EZ-Tools data sheet for complete

information on ICE products.

The ICE-Port interface consists of the following ADSP-2186

pins:

I/O Space Instructions

The instructions used to access the ADSP-2186’s I/O memory

space are as follows:

EBR

EMS

ELIN

EBG

EINT

ELOUT

ERESET

ECLK

EE

Syntax: IO(addr) = dreg

dreg = IO(addr);

REV. B

–12–

ADSP-2186

Target Memory Interface

These ADSP-2186 pins must be connected only to the EZ-ICE

connector in the target system. These pins have no function

except during emulation, and do not require pull-up or pull-

down resistors. The traces for these signals between the ADSP-

2186 and the connector must be kept as short as possible, no

longer than three inches.

For your target system to be compatible with the EZ-ICE emu-

lator, it must comply with the memory interface guidelines listed

below.

PM, DM, BM, IOM, and CM

Design a Program Memory (PM), Data Memory (DM), Byte

Memory (BM), I/O Memory (IOM) and Composite Memory

(CM) external interfaces to comply with worst case device timing

requirements and switching characteristics as specified in this

DSP’s data sheet. The performance of the EZ-ICE may approach

published worst case specifications for some memory access

timing requirements and switching characteristics.

The following pins are also used by the EZ-ICE:

BR

BG

RESET

GND

The EZ-ICE uses the EE (emulator enable) signal to take con-

trol of the ADSP-2186 in the target system. This causes the

processor to use its ERESET, EBR and EBG pins instead of

the RESET, BR and BG pins. The BG output is three-stated.

These signals do not need to be jumper-isolated in your system.

Note: If your target does not meet the worst case chip specifica-

tions for memory access parameters, you may not be able to

emulate your circuitry at the desired CLKIN frequency. Depend-

ing on the severity of the specification violation, you may have

trouble manufacturing your system as DSP components statisti-

cally vary in switching characteristics and timing requirements

within published limits.

The EZ-ICE connects to your target system via a ribbon cable

and a 14-pin female plug. The female plug is plugged onto the

14-pin connector (a pin strip header) on the target board.

Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE Probe

The EZ-ICE connector (a standard pin strip header) is shown in

Figure 10. You must add this connector to your target board

design if you intend to use the EZ-ICE. Be sure to allow enough

room in your system to fit the EZ-ICE probe onto the 14-pin

connector.

Restriction: All memory strobe signals on the ADSP-2186 (RD,

WR, PMS, DMS, BMS, CMS and IOMS) used in your target

system must have 10 kΩ pull-up resistors connected when the

EZ-ICE is being used. The pull-up resistors are necessary

because there are no internal pull-ups to guarantee their state

during prolonged three-state conditions resulting from typical

EZ-ICE debugging sessions. These resistors may be removed at

your option when the EZ-ICE is not being used.

1

3

5

2

4

BG

GND

Target System Interface Signals

EBG

BR

When the EZ-ICE board is installed, the performance on some

system signals change. Design your system to be compatible

with the following system interface signal changes introduced by

the EZ-ICE board:

6

EBR

EINT

ELIN

7

؋

8

KEY (NO PIN)

• EZ-ICE emulation introduces an 8 ns propagation delay

between your target circuitry and the DSP on the RESET

signal.

9

10

12

14

ELOUT

EE

ECLK

11

13

EMS

• EZ-ICE emulation introduces an 8 ns propagation delay

between your target circuitry and the DSP on the BR signal.

RESET

ERESET

• EZ-ICE emulation ignores RESET and BR when single-

stepping.

TOP VIEW

Figure 10. Target Board Connector for EZ-ICE

• EZ-ICE emulation ignores RESET and BR when in Emulator

Space (DSP halted).

The 14-pin, 2-row pin strip header is keyed at the Pin 7 loca-

tion—you must remove Pin 7 from the header. The pins must

be 0.025 inch square and at least 0.20 inch in length. Pin spac-

ing should be 0.1 × 0.1 inches. The pin strip header must have

at least 0.15-inch clearance on all sides to accept the EZ-ICE

probe plug. Pin strip headers are available from vendors such as

3M, McKenzie and Samtec.

• EZ-ICE emulation ignores the state of target BR in certain

modes. As a result, the target system may take control of the

DSP’s external memory bus only if bus grant (BG) is asserted

by the EZ-ICE board’s DSP.

REV. B

–13–

ADSP-2186–SPECIFICATIONS

RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS

K Grade

B Grade

Parameter

Min

Max

Min

Max

Unit

V_DD

T_AMB

4.5

0

5.5

+70

4.5

–40

5.5

+85

V

°C

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

K/B Grades

Typ

Parameter

Test Conditions

Min

Max

Unit

V_IH

V_IL

Hi-Level Input Voltage^{1, 2}

Hi-Level CLKIN Voltage

Lo-Level Input Voltage^{1, 3}

Hi-Level Output Voltage^{1, 4, 5}

@ V_DD= max

@ V_DD= min

I_OH= –0.5 mA

@ V_DD= min

2.0

2.2

V

0.8

V_OH

2.4

V

I

_OH= –100 µA⁶

V_DD– 0.3

V

V_OL

I_IH

Lo-Level Output Voltage^{1, 4, 5}

Hi-Level Input Current³

@ V_DD= min

I_OL= 2 mA

@ V_DD= max

0.4

10

V

_IN= V_DDmax

@ V_DD= max

_IN= 0 V

µA

I_IL

Lo-Level Input Current³

V

I_OZH

I_OZL

Three-State Leakage Current⁷

@ V_DD= max

V_IN= V_DDmax⁸

@ V_DD= max

V

_IN= 0 V⁸, t_CK= 25 ns

µA

mA

I_DD

Supply Current (Idle)⁹

@ V_DD= 5.0

14

Supply Current (Dynamic)^{10, 11}

T

_AMB= +25°C

t_CK= 34.7 ns

48

55

60

mA

t

_CK= 30 ns

_CK= 25 ns

C_I

Input Pin Capacitance^{3, 6}

@ V_IN= 2.5 V,

_IN= 1.0 MHz,

_AMB= +25°C

@ V_IN= 2.5 V,

_IN= 1.0 MHz,

T_AMB= +25°C

f

T

8

pF

C_O

Output Pin Capacitance^{6, 7, 12}

f

NOTES

¹Bidirectional pins: D0–D23, RFS0, RFS1, SCLK0, SCLK1, TFS0, TFS1, A1–A13, PF0–PF7.

²Input only pins: RESET, BR, DR0, DR1, PWD.

³Input only pins: CLKIN, RESET, BR, DR0, DR1, PWD.

⁴Output pins: BG, PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS, CMS, RD, WR, PWDACK, A0, DT0, DT1, CLKOUT, FL2–0, BGH.

⁵Although specified for TTL outputs, all ADSP-2186 outputs are CMOS-compatible and will drive to V _DDand GND, assuming no dc loads.

⁶Guaranteed but not tested.

⁷Three-statable pins: A0–A13, D0–D23, PMS, DMS, BMS, IOMS, CMS, RD, WR, DT0, DT1, SCLK0, SCLK1, TFS0, TFS1, RFS0, RFS1, PF0–PF7.

⁸0 V on BR, CLKIN Inactive.

⁹Idle refers to ADSP-2186 state of operation during execution of IDLE instruction. Deasserted pins are driven to either V _DDor GND.

10

I

measurement taken with all instructions executing from internal memory. 50% of the instructions are multifunction (types 1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14), 30% are type 2

DD

and type 6, and 20% are idle instructions.

11

V

IN

= 0 V and 3 V. For typical figures for supply currents, refer to Power Dissipation section.

¹²Output pin capacitance is the capacitive load for any three-stated output pin.

Specifications subject to change without notice.

REV. B

–14–

ADSP-2186

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*

Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to +7 V

Input Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V_DD+ 0.3 V

Output Voltage Swing . . . . . . . . . . . . . –0.3 V to V_DD+ 0.3 V

Operating Temperature Range (Ambient) . . –40°C to +85°C

Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . –65°C to +150°C

Lead Temperature (5 sec) LQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280°C

*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-

nent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only; functional operation of

the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational

sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating

conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

ESD SENSITIVITY

ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily

accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although

the ADSP-2186 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on

devices subjected to high-energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are

recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.

WARNING!

ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE

TIMING PARAMETERS

MEMORY TIMING SPECIFICATIONS

GENERAL NOTES

The table below shows common memory device specifications

and the corresponding ADSP-2186 timing parameters, for your

convenience.

Use the exact timing information given. Do not attempt to

derive parameters from the addition or subtraction of others.

While addition or subtraction would yield meaningful results for

an individual device, the values given in this data sheet reflect

statistical variations and worst cases. Consequently, you cannot

meaningfully add up parameters to derive longer times.

Memory

ADSP-2186 Timing

Device

Timing

Parameter

Specification

Parameter Definition

TIMING NOTES

Address Setup to

Write Start

t_ASW

A0–A13, xMS Setup

Switching characteristics specify how the processor changes its

signals. You have no control over this timing—circuitry external

to the processor must be designed for compatibility with these

signal characteristics. Switching characteristics tell you what the

processor will do in a given circumstance. You can also use

switching characteristics to ensure that any timing requirement

of a device connected to the processor (such as memory) is

satisfied.

before WR Low

Address Setup to

Write End

t_AW

A0–A13, xMS Setup

before WR Deasserted

Address Hold Time t_WRA

A0–A13, xMS Hold before

WR Low

Data Setup Time

t_DW

Data Setup before WR

High

Timing requirements apply to signals that are controlled by

circuitry external to the processor, such as the data input for a

read operation. Timing requirements guarantee that the proces-

sor operates correctly with other devices.

Data Hold Time

t_DH

Data Hold after WR High

RD Low to Data Valid

OE to Data Valid

t_RDD

Address Access Time t_AA

A0–A13, xMS to Data

Valid

xMS = PMS, DMS, BMS, CMS, IOMS.

FREQUENCY DEPENDENCY FOR TIMING

SPECIFICATIONS

t_CKis defined as 0.5 t_CKI. The ADSP-2186 uses an input clock

with a frequency equal to half the instruction rate; for example,

a 20 MHz input clock (which is equivalent to 50 ns) yields a

25 ns processor cycle (equivalent to 40 MHz). t_CKvalues within

the range of 0.5 t_CKIperiod should be substituted for all relevant

timing parameters to obtain the specification value.

Example: t_CKH= 0.5 t_CK– 7 ns = 0.5 (25 ns) – 7 ns = 5.5 ns

REV. B

–15–

ADSP-2186

TIMING PARAMETERS

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Clock Signals and Reset

Timing Requirements:

t_CKI

t_CKIL

t_CKIH

CLKIN Period

CLKIN Width Low

CLKIN Width High

50

20

150

ns

Switching Characteristics:

t_CKL

t_CKH

t_CKOH

CLKOUT Width Low

CLKOUT Width High

CLKIN High to CLKOUT High

0.5 t_CK– 7

0

ns

20

Control Signals

Timing Requirements:

t_RSP

t_MS

t_MH

RESET Width Low¹

Mode Setup before RESET High

Mode Setup after RESET High

5 t_CK

2

5

ns

NOTE

¹Applies after power-up sequence is complete. Internal phase lock loop requires no more than 2000 CLKIN cycles assuming stable CLKIN (not including crystal

oscillator start-up time).

t_CKI

t_CKIH

CLKIN

t_CKIL

t_CKOH

t_CKH

CLKOUT

t_CKL

PF(2:0)

*

t_MH

t_MS

RESET

t_RSP

*

PF2 IS MODE C, PF1 IS MODE B, PF0 IS MODE A

Figure 11. Clock Signals

REV. B

–16–

ADSP-2186

TIMING PARAMETERS

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Interrupts and Flag

Timing Requirements:

t_IFS

t_IFH

IRQx, FI, or PFx Setup before CLKOUT Low^{1, 2, 3, 4}

IRQx, FI, or PFx Hold after CLKOUT High^{1, 2, 3, 4}

0.25 t_CK+ 15

0.25 t_CK

ns

Switching Characteristics:

t_FOH

Flag Output Hold after CLKOUT Low⁵

t_FOD

Flag Output Delay from CLKOUT Low⁵

0.25 t_CK– 7

ns

0.5 t_CK+ 5

NOTES

¹If IRQx and FI inputs meet t_IFSand t_IFHsetup/hold requirements, they will be recognized during the current clock cycle; otherwise the signals will be recognized on the

following cycle. (Refer to “Interrupt Controller Operation” in the Program Control chapter of the ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference, for further information on inter-

rupt servicing.)

²Edge-sensitive interrupts require pulsewidths greater than 10 ns; level-sensitive interrupts must be held low until serviced.

³IRQx = IRQ0, IRQ1, IRQ2, IRQL0, IRQL1, IRQE.

⁴PFx = PF0, PF1, PF2, PF3, PF4, PF5, PF6, PF7.

⁵Flag outputs = PFx, FL0, FL1, FL2, FO.

t_FOD

CLKOUT

t_FOH

FLAG

OUTPUTS

t_IFH

IRQx

FI

PFx

t_IFS

Figure 12. Interrupts and Flags

REV. B

–17–

ADSP-2186

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Bus Request–Bus Grant

Timing Requirements:

t_BH

t_BS

BR Hold after CLKOUT High¹

BR Setup before CLKOUT Low¹

0.25 t_CK+ 2

0.25 t_CK+ 17

ns

Switching Characteristics:

t_SD

t_SDB

t_SE

t_SEC

t_SDBH

t_SEH

CLKOUT High to xMS, RD, WR Disable

0.25 t_CK+ 10

ns

xMS, RD, WR Disable to BG Low

BG High to xMS, RD, WR Enable

xMS, RD, WR Enable to CLKOUT High

xMS, RD, WR Disable to BGH Low²

BGH High to xMS, RD, WR Enable²

0

0.25 t_CK– 7

0

NOTES

xMS = PMS, DMS, CMS, IOMS, BMS.

¹BR is an asynchronous signal. If BR meets the setup/hold requirements, it will be recognized during the current clock cycle; otherwise the signal will be recognized on

the following cycle. Refer to the ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference, for BR/BG cycle relationships.

²BGH is asserted when the bus is granted and the processor requires control of the bus to continue.

t_BH

CLKOUT

BR

t_BS

CLKOUT

PMS, DMS

BMS, RD

t_SD

WR

t_SEC

BG

t_SDB

t_SE

BGH

t_SDBH

t_SEH

Figure 13. Bus Request–Bus Grant

REV. B

–18–

ADSP-2186

TIMING PARAMETERS

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Memory Read

Timing Requirements:

t_RDD

t_AA

t_RDH

RD Low to Data Valid

A0–A13, xMS to Data Valid

Data Hold from RD High

0.5 t_CK– 9 + w

0.75 t_CK– 12.5 + w

ns

1

Switching Characteristics:

t_RP

RD Pulsewidth

CLKOUT High to RD Low

A0–A13, xMS Setup before RD Low

A0–A13, xMS Hold after RD Deasserted

RD High to RD or WR Low

0.5 t_CK– 5 + w

0.25 t_CK– 5

0.25 t_CK– 6

0.25 t_CK– 3

0.5 t_CK– 5

ns

t_CRD

t_ASR

t_RDA

t_RWR

0.25 t_CK+ 7

w = wait states × t_CK

.

xMS = PMS, DMS, CMS, IOMS, BMS.

CLKOUT

A0–A13

DMS, PMS,

BMS, IOMS,

CMS

t_RDA

RD

t_ASR

t_CRD

t_RP

t_RWR

D0–D23

t_RDD

t_RDH

t_AA

WR

Figure 14. Memory Read

REV. B

–19–

ADSP-2186

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Memory Write

Switching Characteristics:

t_DW

t_DH

t_WP

t_WDE

t_ASW

t_DDR

t_CWR

t_AW

Data Setup before WR High

Data Hold after WR High

WR Pulsewidth

WR Low to Data Enabled

A0–A13, xMS Setup before WR Low

Data Disable before WR or RD Low

CLKOUT High to WR Low

A0–A13, xMS, Setup before WR Deasserted

A0–A13, xMS Hold after WR Deasserted

WR High to RD or WR Low

0.5 t_CK– 7+ w

0.25 t_CK– 2

0.5 t_CK– 5 + w

0

0.25 t_CK– 6

0.25 t_CK– 7

0.25 t_CK– 5

0.75 t_CK– 9 + w

0.25 t_CK– 3

0.5 t_CK– 5

ns

0.25 t_CK+ 7

t_WRA

t_WWR

w = wait states × t_CK

.

xMS = PMS, DMS, CMS, IOMS, BMS.

CLKOUT

A0–A13

DMS, PMS,

BMS, CMS,

IOMS

t_WRA

WR

t_WWR

t_ASW

t_WP

t_AW

t_DH

t_DDR

t_CWR

D0–D23

t_DW

t_WDE

RD

Figure 15. Memory Write

REV. B

–20–

ADSP-2186

TIMING PARAMETERS

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

Serial Ports

Timing Requirements:

t_SCK

t_SCS

t_SCH

t_SCP

SCLK Period

50

4

8

ns

DR/TFS/RFS Setup before SCLK Low

DR/TFS/RFS Hold after SCLK Low

SCLK_INWidth

20

Switching Characteristics:

t_CC

CLKOUT High to SCLK_OUT

SCLK High to DT Enable

SCLK High to DT Valid

TFS/RFS_OUTHold after SCLK High

TFS/RFS_OUTDelay from SCLK High

DT Hold after SCLK High

TFS (Alt) to DT Enable

TFS (Alt) to DT Valid

0.25 t_CK

0

0.25 t_CK+ 10

ns

t_SCDE

t_SCDV

t_RH

15

0

t_RD

t_SCDH

t_TDE

t_TDV

t_SCDD

t_RDV

0

14

15

SCLK High to DT Disable

RFS (Multichannel, Frame Delay Zero) to DT Valid

CLKOUT

t_CC

t_SCK

SCLK

t_SCP

t_SCS

t_SCH

DR

TFS

RFS

IN

t_RD

t_RH

RFS

TFS

OUT

t_SCDD

t_SCDV

t_SCDH

t_SCDE

DT

t_TDE

t_TDV

TFS

OUT

ALTERNATE

FRAME MODE

t_RDV

RFS

OUT

MULTICHANNEL MODE,

FRAME DELAY 0

(MFD = 0)

t_TDE

t_TDV

TFS

IN

ALTERNATE

FRAME MODE

t_RDV

RFS

IN

MULTICHANNEL MODE,

FRAME DELAY 0

(MFD = 0)

Figure 16. Serial Ports

REV. B

–21–

ADSP-2186

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

IDMA Address Latch

Timing Requirements:

t_IALP

t_IASU

t_IAH

t_IKA

t_IALS

Duration of Address Latch^{1, 2}

10

5

3

0

3

ns

IAD15–0 Address Setup before Address Latch End²

IAD15–0 Address Hold after Address Latch End²

IACK Low before Start of Address Latch^{1, 2}

Start of Write or Read after Address Latch End^{2, 3}

NOTES

¹Start of Address Latch = IS Low and IAL High.

²End of Address Latch = IS High or IAL Low.

³Start of Write or Read = IS Low and IWR Low or IRD Low.

IACK

t_IKA

IAL

t_IALP

IS

t_IASU

t_IAH

IAD15–0

t_IALS

IRD OR

IWR

Figure 17. IDMA Address Latch

REV. B

–22–

ADSP-2186

TIMING PARAMETERS

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

IDMA Write, Short Write Cycle

Timing Requirements:

t_IKW

t_IWP

t_IDSU

t_IDH

IACK Low before Start of Write¹

0

15

5

ns

Duration of Write^{1, 2}

IAD15–0 Data Setup before End of Write^{2, 3, 4}

IAD15–0 Data Hold after End of Write^{2, 3, 4}

2

Switching Characteristics:

t_IKHW

Start of Write to IACK High

15

ns

NOTES

¹Start of Write = IS Low and IWR Low.

²End of Write = IS High or IWR High.

³If Write Pulse ends before IACK Low, use specifications t_IDSU, t_IDH

.

⁴If Write Pulse ends after IACK Low, use specifications t_IKSU, t_IKH

.

t_IKW

IACK

t_IKHW

IS

t_IWP

IWR

t_IDH

t_IDSU

IAD15–0

DATA

Figure 18. IDMA Write, Short Write Cycle

REV. B

–23–

ADSP-2186

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

IDMA Write, Long Write Cycle

Timing Requirements:

t_IKW

t_IKSU

t_IKH

IACK Low before Start of Write¹

0

ns

IAD15–0 Data Setup before IACK Low^{2, 3, 4}

IAD15–0 Data Hold after IACK Low^{2, 3, 4}

0.5 t_CK+ 10

2

Switching Characteristics:

t_IKLW

Start of Write to IACK Low⁴

t_IKHWStart of Write to IACK High

1.5 t_CK

ns

15

NOTES

¹Start of Write = IS Low and IWR Low.

²If Write Pulse ends before IACK Low, use specifications t_IDSU, t_IDH

.

³If Write Pulse ends after IACK Low, use specifications t_IKSU, t_IKH

.

⁴This is the earliest time for IACK Low from Start of Write. For IDMA Write cycle relationships, please refer to the ADSP-218x DSP Hardware Reference.

t_IKW

IACK

t_IKHW

t_IKLW

IS

IWR

t_IKSU

t_IKH

IAD15–0

DATA

Figure 19. IDMA Write, Long Write Cycle

REV. B

–24–

ADSP-2186

TIMING PARAMETERS

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

IDMA Read, Long Read Cycle

Timing Requirements:

t_IKR

t_IRK

IACK Low before Start of Read¹

0

2

ns

End Read after IACK Low²

Switching Characteristics:

t_IKHR

t_IKDS

t_IKDH

t_IKDD

t_IRDE

t_IRDV

t_IRDH1

t_IRDH2

IACK High after Start of Read¹

15

ns

IAD15–0 Data Setup before IACK Low

0.5 t_CK– 10

0

IAD15–0 Data Hold after End of Read²

IAD15–0 Data Disabled after End of Read²

10

15

IAD15–0 Previous Data Enabled after Start of Read

IAD15–0 Previous Data Valid after Start of Read

IAD15–0 Previous Data Hold after Start of Read (DM/PM1)³

IAD15–0 Previous Data Hold after Start of Read (PM2)⁴

0

2 t_CK– 5

t_CK– 5

NOTES

¹Start of Read = IS Low and IRD Low.

²End of Read = IS High or IRD High.

³DM read or first half of PM read.

⁴Second half of PM read.

IACK

IS

t_IKHR

t_IKR

t_IRK

IRD

t_IKDS

t_IKDH

t_IRDE

READ

DATA

IAD15–0

t_IRDV

t_IKDD

t_IRDH

Figure 20. IDMA Read, Long Read Cycle

REV. B

–25–

ADSP-2186

Parameter

Min

Max

Unit

IDMA Read, Short Read Cycle

Timing Requirements:

t_IKR

t_IRP1

t_IRP2

IACK Low before Start of Read¹

0

15

ns

Duration of Read (DM, PM1)²

Duration of Read (PM2)³

2 t_CK– 5

t_CK– 5

Switching Characteristics:

t_IKHR

t_IKDH

t_IKDD

t_IRDE

t_IRDV

IACK High after Start of Read¹

15

10

15

ns

IAD15–0 Data Hold after End of Read⁴

0

IAD15–0 Data Disabled after End of Read⁴

IAD15–0 Previous Data Enabled after Start of Read

IAD15–0 Previous Data Valid after Start of Read

NOTES

¹Start of Read = IS Low and IRD Low.

²DM Read or First Half of PM Read.

³Second Half of PM Read.

⁴End of Read = IS High or IRD High.

IACK

IS

t_IKR

t_IKHR

t_IRP

IRD

t_IKDH

t_IRDE

IAD15–0

t_IKDD

t_IRDV

Figure 21. IDMA Read, Short Read Cycle

REV. B

–26–

ADSP-2186

2186 POWER, INTERNAL^1,2,3

OUTPUT DRIVE CURRENTS

500

400

300

Figure 22 shows typical I-V characteristics for the output drivers

of the ADSP-2186. The curves represent the current drive

capability of the output drivers as a function of output voltage.

385mW

300mW

V

= 5.5V

DD

330mW

60

V

OH

250mW

180mW

V

= 5.0V

= 4.5V

DD

225mW

5.5V, –40؇C

4.5V, +85؇C

40

20

5.0V, +25؇C

200

100

0

DD

0

–20

–40

33.33

40

1/tcyc – MHz

4.5V, +85؇C

POWER, IDLE^1,2,4

5.0V, +25؇C

100

80

60

40

20

0

91.5mW

70.5mW

52mW

V

= 5.5V

–60

–80

DD

5.5V, –40؇C

82mW

V

OL

V

= 5.0V

= 4.5V

DD

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

62mW

45mW

SOURCE VOLTAGE – Volts

DD

Figure 22. Typical Drive Currents

POWER DISSIPATION

To determine total power dissipation in a specific application,

the following equation should be applied for each output:

C × V_DD²× f

33.33

40

1/tcyc – MHz

C = load capacitance, f = output switching frequency.

POWER, IDLE n MODES²

Example

80

60

70.5mW

In an application where external data memory is used and no

other outputs are active, power dissipation is calculated as follows:

IDLE

62mW

Assumptions

• External data memory is accessed every cycle with 50% of the

address pins switching.

36.6mW

34.3mW

IDLE (16)

IDLE (128)

40

34.7mW

32.8mW

• External data memory writes occur every other cycle with

50% of the data pins switching.

20

0

• Each address and data pin has a 10 pF total load at the pin.

• The application operates at V_DD= 5.0 V and t_CK= 30 ns.

Total Power Dissipation = P_INT+ (C × V_DD²× f)

33.33

40

1/tcyc – MHz

P

_INT= internal power dissipation from Power vs. Frequency

VALID FOR ALL TEMPERATURE GRADES.

1

graph (Figure 23).

(C × V_DD²× f) is calculated for each output:

POWER REFLECTS DEVICE OPERATING WITH NO OUTPUT LOADS.

2

TYPICAL POWER DISSIPATION AT 5.0V V AND T = +25؇C EXCEPT WHERE SPECIFIED.

DD

A

3

I

MEASUREMENT TAKEN WITH ALL INSTRUCTIONS EXECUTING FROM INTERNAL

DD

MEMORY. 50% OF THE INSTRUCTIONS ARE MULTIFUNCTION (TYPES 1, 4, 5, 12, 13, 14),

30% ARE TYPE 2 AND TYPE 6, AND 20% ARE IDLE INSTRUCTIONS.

# of

4

IDLE REFERS TO ADSP-2186 STATE OF OPERATION DURING EXECUTION OF IDLE

2

INSTRUCTION. DEASSERTED PINS ARE DRIVEN TO EITHER V OR GND.

DD

Pins

؋

C

؋

V_DD

؋

f

× 10 pF × 5²V

× 20 MHz = 35 mW

Figure 23. Power vs. Frequency

Address

Data Output, WR

RD

7

9

1

2

× 10 pF × 5²V

× 20 MHz = 45 mW

× 20 MHz = 5 mW

× 40 MHz = 20 mW

105 mW

CLKOUT, DMS

Total power dissipation for this example is PINT + 105 mW.

REV. B

–27–

ADSP-2186

CAPACITIVE LOADING

Figures 24 and 25 show the capacitive loading characteristics of

the ADSP-2186.

is calculated. If multiple pins (such as the data bus) are dis-

abled, the measurement value is that of the last pin to stop

driving.

30

INPUT

T = +85 C

1.5V

OR

V

= 4.5V

DD

OUTPUT

25

20

15

10

5

Figure 26. Voltage Reference Levels for AC Measure-

ments (Except Output Enable/Disable)

Output Enable Time

Output pins are considered to be enabled when that have made

a transition from a high-impedance state to when they start

driving. The output enable time (t_ENA) is the interval from when

a reference signal reaches a high or low voltage level to when the

output has reached a specified high or low trip point, as shown

in the Output Enable/Disable diagram. If multiple pins (such as

the data bus) are enabled, the measurement value is that of the

first pin to start driving.

0

50

0

100

150

– pF

200

250

300

C

L

Figure 24. Typical Output Rise Time vs. Load Capacitance,

C_L(at Maximum Ambient Operating Temperature)

REFERENCE

SIGNAL

t_MEASURED

18

16

14

12

10

t_ENA

V

OH t_DIS

OH

(MEASURED)

V

(MEASURED) – 0.5V

2.0V

1.0V

OH

OUTPUT

(MEASURED) + 0.5V

OL

V

OL

t_DECAY

(MEASURED)

8

6

4

OUTPUT STARTS

DRIVING

OUTPUT STOPS

DRIVING

HIGH-IMPEDANCE STATE. TEST CONDITIONS CAUSE

THIS VOLTAGE LEVEL TO BE APPROXIMATELY 1.5V.

2

NOMINAL

Figure 27. Output Enable/Disable

–2

–4

–6

I

OL

0

50

100

150

– pF

200

250

C

L

Figure 25. Typical Output Valid Delay or Hold vs. Load

Capacitance, C_L(at Maximum Ambient Operating

Temperature)

TO

OUTPUT

+1.5V

50pF

TEST CONDITIONS

Output Disable Time

Output pins are considered to be disabled when they have

stopped driving and started a transition from the measured

output high or low voltage to a high impedance state. The out-

put disable time (t_DIS) is the difference of t_MEASUREDand t_DECAY

I

OH

Figure 28. Equivalent Device Loading for AC Measure-

ments (Including All Fixtures)

,

as shown in the Output Enable/Disable diagram. The time is the

interval from when a reference signal reaches a high or low

voltage level to when the output voltages have changed by 0.5 V

from the measured output high or low voltage. The decay time,

t_DECAY, is dependent on the capacitive load, C_L, and the current

load, i_L, on the output pin. It can be approximated by the fol-

lowing equation:

C_L× 0.5V

t_DECAY

=

i_L

from which

t

_DIS= t_MEASURED– t_DECAY

REV. B

–28–

ADSP-2186

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

10k

Ambient Temperature Rating:

T_AMB

T_CASE

PD

=

T_CASE– (PD x θ_CA)

V

@ 5.6V

@ 5.0V

DD

Case Temperature in °C

1k

Power Dissipation in W

V

DD

θ_CA

Thermal Resistance (Case-to-Ambient)

Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Ambient)

Thermal Resistance (Junction-to-Case)

θ_JA

100

θ_JC

Package

␪

CA

10

1

JA

JC

LQFP

Mini-BGA

50°C/W

70.7°C/W

2°C/W

7.4°C/W

48°C/W

63.3°C/W

120

0

20

40

60

80

100

TEMPERATURE – ؇C

Figure 29. Power-Down Supply Current

REV. B

–29–

ADSP-2186

100-Lead LQFP Package Pinout

A4/IAD3

A5/IAD4

GND

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

75 D15

74 D14

PIN 1

IDENTIFIER

D13

73

A6/IAD5

72 D12

GND

71

A7/IAD6

A8/IAD7

70 D11

69 D10

68 D9

A9/IAD8

A10/IAD9

A11/IAD10

67 VDD

66

A12/IAD11 10

A13/IAD12 11

GND 12

GND

65 D8

64

D7/IWR

ADSP-2186

13

63 D6/IRD

CLKIN

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

D5/IAL

62

61

60

XTAL 14

VDD

CLKOUT

GND

15

16

17

18

D4/IS

GND

59 VDD

VDD

58 D3/IACK

57 D2/IAD15

56 D1/IAD14

55 D0/IAD13

54 BG

WR 19

RD

20

BMS 21

DMS

PMS

22

23

53 EBG

IOMS 24

CMS 25

52 BR

51 EBR

REV. B

–30–

ADSP-2186

The ADSP-2186 package pinout is shown in the table below. Pin names in bold text replace the plain text named functions when

Mode C = 1. A + sign separates two functions when either function can be active for either major I/O mode. Signals enclosed in

brackets [ ] are state bits latched from the value of the pin at the deassertion of RESET.

LQFP Pin Configurations

LQFP

Number

Name

LQFP

Number

Name

LQFP

Number

Name

LQFP

Number

Name

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

A4/IAD3

A5/IAD4

GND

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

43

44

45

46

47

48

49

50

IRQE + PF4

IRQL0 + PF5

GND

IRQL1 + PF6

IRQ2 + PF7

DT0

TFS0

RFS0

DR0

SCLK0

51

52

53

54

55

56

57

58

59

60

61

62

63

64

65

66

67

68

69

70

71

72

73

74

75

EBR

BR

EBG

BG

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

84

85

86

87

88

89

90

91

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

100

D16

D17

D18

D19

GND

D20

D21

D22

D23

FL2

FL1

FL0

PF3

PF2 [Mode C]

VDD

PWD

GND

PF1 [Mode B]

PF0 [Mode A]

BGH

PWDACK

A0

A1/IAD0

A2/IAD1

A3/IAD2

A6/IAD5

A7/IAD6

A8/IAD7

A9/IAD8

A10/IAD9

A11/IAD10

A12/IAD11

A13/IAD12

GND

CLKIN

XTAL

VDD

CLKOUT

GND

VDD

WR

RD

BMS

DMS

PMS

IOMS

D0/IAD13

D1/IAD14

D2/IAD15

D3/IACK

VDD

GND

D4/IS

D5/IAL

D6/IRD

D7/IWR

D8

GND

VDD

D9

D10

D11

GND

D12

D13

D14

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

VDD

DT1/FO

TFS1/IRQ1

RFS1/IRQ0

DR1/FI

GND

SCLK1

ERESET

RESET

EMS

EE

ECLK

ELOUT

ELIN

EINT

CMS

D15

REV. B

–31–

ADSP-2186

ADSP-2186 Mini-BGA (CA) Package Pinout

Bottom View

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

GND

D22

NC

GND

NC

A0

GND

A1/IAD0

A2/IAD1

A

B

C

D

E

F

D16

D17

D18

D20

D23

VDD

GND

NC

A5/IAD4

BGH

GND

A3/IAD2

A4/IAD3

D14

GND

D10

D9

NC

D15

D12

VDD

D8

D19

D13

GND

D11

D21

NC

VDD

PF2

PWD

A7/IAD6

A9/IAD8

RD

NC

A6/IAD5 PWDACK

PF1

WR

VDD

NC

[MODE C] [MODE B]

PF0

[MODE A]

GND

NC

GND

PF3

NC

FL2

NC

FL0

A8/IAD7

VDD

A11/

IAD10

A12/

IAD11

A13/

IAD12

D7/IWR

FL1

D4/ IS

GND

VDD

NC

GND

D5/IAL

D6/IRD

NC

VDD

DMS

A10/IAD9

GND

NC

GND

VDD

NC

XTAL

CLKIN

CLKOUT

NC

G

D3/IACK D2/IAD15

TFS0

DT0

H

J

RFS1/

IRQ0

VDD

BR

D1/IAD14

EBR

BG

D0/IAD13 SCLK0

VDD

TFS1/

RFS0

IRQ1

EBG

ERESET

SCLK1

BMS

NC

K

L

IRQE

IRQL1

+

EINT

ELOUT

EE

ELIN

RESET

GND

DR0

PMS

GND

IOMS

CMS

NC

PF4

PF6

IRQL0

IRQ2

+

DT1/FO

ECLK

EMS

NC

DR1/FI

NC

M

PF5

PF7

REV. B

–32–

ADSP-2186

The ADSP-2186 Mini-BGA package pinout is shown in the table below. Pin names in bold text replace the plain text named func-

tions when Mode C = 1. A + sign separates two functions when either function can be active for either major I/O mode. Signals

enclosed in brackets [ ] are state bits latched from the value of the pin at the deassertion of RESET.

Mini-BGA Package Pinout

Ball #

A01

A02

A03

A04

A05

A06

A07

A08

A09

A10

A11

A12

B01

B02

B03

B04

B05

B06

B07

B08

B09

B10

B11

B12

C01

C02

C03

C04

C05

C06

C07

C08

C09

C10

C11

C12

Name

A2/IAD1

A1/IAD0

GND

A0

Ball #

D01

D02

D03

D04

D05

D06

D07

D08

D09

D10

D11

D12

E01

E02

E03

E04

E05

E06

E07

E08

E09

E10

E11

E12

F01

F02

F03

F04

F05

F06

F07

F08

F09

F10

F11

F12

Name

N/C

Ball #

G01

G02

G03

G04

G05

G06

G07

G08

G09

G10

G11

G12

H01

H02

H03

H04

H05

H06

H07

H08

H09

H10

H11

H12

J01

Name

XTAL

N/C

Ball #

K01

K02

K03

K04

K05

K06

K07

K08

K09

K10

K11

K12

L01

L02

L03

L04

L05

Name

N/C

WR

N/C

GND

N/C

BGH

A10/IAD9

N/C

BMS

N/C

A9/IAD8

PF1[MODE B]

PF2[MODE C]

N/C

DMS

GND

N/C

RFS0

N/C

TFS1/IRQ1

SCLK1

ERESET

EBR

N/C

D6/IRD

D5/IAL

N/C

D13

D22

D12

GND

A4/IAD3

A3/IAD2

GND

N/C

BR

GND

D4/IS

CLKIN

GND

EBG

VDD

IRQE+PF4

N/C

VDD

A8/IAD7

FL0

GND

IRQL1+PF6

IOMS

GND

N/C

PF0[MODE A]

FL2

VDD

GND

VDD

D23

DT0

L06

L07

L08

PMS

PF3

TFS0

DR0

GND

D2/IAD15

D3/IACK

GND

D20

GND

L09

RESET

ELIN

D18

VDD

L10

L11

L12

M01

M02

M03

M04

M05

M06

M07

M08

M09

M10

M11

M12

D17

GND

N/C

ELOUT

EINT

IRQL0+PF5

IRQ2+PF7

N/C

D16

D10

GND

PWDACK

A6/IAD5

RD

A13/IAD12

N/C

CLKOUT

VDD

J02

A12/IAD11

A11/IAD10

FL1

J03

N/C

A5/IAD4

A7/IAD6

PWD

VDD

D21

J04

VDD

CMS

J05

VDD

GND

N/C

J06

SCLK0

D0/IAD13

RFS1/IRQ0

BG

DT1/FO

DR1/FI

GND

N/C

J07

D7/IWR

D11

J08

D19

J09

N/C

D15

D8

J10

D1/IAD14

VDD

EMS

N/C

J11

EE

D14

D9

J12

VDD

ECLK

REV. B

–33–

ADSP-2186

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

Dimensions shown in millimeters.

100-Lead Metric Thin Plastic Quad Flatpack (LQFP)

(ST-100)

16.20

16.00 SQ

15.80

14.05

14.00 SQ

13.95

1.60 MAX

0.75

0.60 TYP

0.50

100

1

76

75

12؇

TYP

SEATING

PLANE

12.00

BSC

TOP VIEW

(PINS DOWN)

0.08

MAX LEAD

COPLANARITY

10؇

6؇

25

51

50

26

2؇

0.15

0.05

7؇

0؇

0.50 BSC

LEAD PITCH

0.27

0.22 TYP

0.17

LEAD WIDTH

NOTE:

THE ACTUAL POSITION OF EACH LEAD IS WITHIN 0.08 FROM ITS IDEAL

POSITION WHEN MEASURED IN THE LATERAL DIRECTION.

REV. B

–34–

ADSP-2186

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

Dimensions shown in millimeters.

144-Ball Mini-BGA

(CA-144)

10.10

10.00 SQ

9.90

12 11 10

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

8.80

BSC

10.10

10.00 SQ

9.90

TOP VIEW

0.80

BSC

K

L

M

0.80 BSC

8.80 BSC

1.40

MAX

DETAIL A

1.00

0.85

NOTES:

THE ACTUAL POSITION OF THE BALL

POPULATION IS WITHIN 0.150 OF ITS

IDEAL POSITION RELATIVE TO THE

PACKAGE EDGES.

THE ACTUAL POSITION OF EACH BALL

IS WITHIN 0.08 OF ITS IDEAL POSITION

RELATIVE TO THE BALL POPULATION.

1.

2.

0.40

0.25

0.55

0.50

0.45

SEATING

PLANE

0.12

MAX

BALL DIAMETER

ORDERING GUIDE

Ambient

Temperature

Range

Instruction

Rate

(MHz)

Package

Description

Package

Option*

Part Number

ADSP-2186KST-115

ADSP-2186BST-115

ADSP-2186KST-133

ADSP-2186BST-133

ADSP-2186KST-160

ADSP-2186BST-160

ADSP-2186BCA-160

0°C to 70°C

28.8

33.3

40.0

100-Lead LQFP

144-Ball Mini-BGA

ST-100

CA-144

–40°C to +85°C

0°C to 70°C

–40°C to +85°C

0°C to 70°C

–40°C to +85°C

*ST = Plastic Thin Quad Flatpack (LQFP); CA = Mini-BGA.

REV. B

–35–

–36–


型号：	ADSP-2186BST-160X
厂家：	ADI
描述：	IC 24-BIT, 40 MHz, OTHER DSP, PQFP100, METRIC, PLASTIC, TQFP-100, Digital Signal Processor 时钟外围集成电路
文件：	总36页 (文件大小：256K)
中文：	中文翻译
下载：	下载PDF数据表文档文件

ADSP-2186BST-160X [ADI]

相关型号：

ADSP-2186BSTZ-115

ADSP-2186BSTZ-133

ADSP-2186BSTZ-160

ADSP-2186KST-115

ADSP-2186KST-133

ADSP-2186KST-133

ADSP-2186KST-160

ADSP-2186KST-160

ADSP-2186KST-160X

ADSP-2186KSTZ-115

ADSP-2186L

ADSP-2186L1111